CONCONFERENFERENCE CPARTIE PARTICIPCANTSIPANTS

TABLETABLE OF OFCON CONTENTTENS TS Ms. GuadalupeMs.Prof. Guadalupe Jean-Marie Calalang Calalang Baland Ateneo PhD Ateneo de University -Xavier de Cagayan-Xavier of Namur, University Belgium University Prof. Prof.Dexter DexterVincent S. Lo S. AteneoHallet Lo Ateneo PhD de Cagayan-Xavier Universityde Cagayan-Xavier of Namur, University University Belgium Engr.Engr.Prof. Rengie SabineRengie Bagares Henry Bagares Ateneo PhD Ateneo University de Cagayan-Xavier de Cagayan-Xavier of Namur, University Belgium University Prof. Prof.Ms.Ma. Julie KresnaMa. HermesseKresna Navarro Navarro UCL, Ateneo Belgium Ateneo de Cagayan-Xavier de Cagayan-Xavier University University WelcomeWelcome Messages Messages 1 1 Ms. KryzsaMs.Prof. Kryzsa Stéphane Nicole Nicole Lopez Leyens Lopez Ateneo PhD Ateneo Universityde Cagayan-Xavier de Cagayan-Xavier of Namur, University Belgium University RationaleRationale 3 3 Mr. AlainMr.Dr. FrançoiseAlain Elijah Elijah Bitoy Orban Bitoy Ateneo University Ateneo de Cagayan-Xavier de of Cagayan-Xavier Namur, Belgium University University Mr. MartinMr.Engr. Martin Rengie Smoliner Smoliner Bagares Ateneo Ateneo Ateneo de Cagayan-Xavier de de Cagayan-Xavier Cagayan-Xavier University University University BackgroundBackground 6 6 Dr. EricDr.Mr. Velandria EricAlain Velandria Elijah SJ Bitoy Ateneo SJ AteneoAteneo de Cagayan-Xavier de de Cagayan-Xavier Cagayan-Xavier University University University Dr. LourdesDr.Ms. Lourdes Guadalupe Simpol Simpol AteneoCalalang Ateneo de Ateneo Davao de Davao deUniversity Cagayan-Xavier University University ConferenceConference Objectives Objectives and andResults Results 7 7 Dr. DanielDr.Ms. Daniel Wynne McNamara McNamara Josephine SJ Ateneo SJ G. Escol Ateneo de AteneoDavao de Davao deUniversity Cagayan-Xavier University University ConferenceConference Format Format 7 7 Scho.Scho.Prof. Joseph Dexter Joseph Patrick S. Patrick Lo Echevarria Ateneo Echevarria de SJCagayan-Xavier Ateneo SJ Ateneo de de University Manila University University Ms. JenniferMs. JenniferKryzsa Hickey Nicole Hickey Australian Lopez Australian Ateneo Jesuit Jesuit deProvince Cagayan-Xavier Province University KeynoteKeynote Speaker Speaker 8 8 Prof. Prof.Jean-Marie Jean-MarieMa. Kresna Baland NavarroBaland PhD PhD UniversityAteneo University de ofCagayan-Xavier Namur, of Namur, Belgium Belgium University ThemeTheme Key KeySpeakers Speakers 9 9 Ms. ConnilleMs.Mr. MartinConnille Abellera Smoliner Abellera DRDF-UPPI Ateneo DRDF-UPPI de Cagayan-Xavier University Dr. GraceDr. GraceEric T. Cruz Velandria T. Cruz DRDF-UPPI SJDRDF-UPPI Ateneo de Cagayan-Xavier University ConferenceConference Themes Themes and andAbstracts Abstracts 11 11 Dr. BennyDr. BennyDaniel Juliawan JuliawanMcNamara SJ Jesuit SJ SJ Jesuit Conference Ateneo Conference de Davao of Asia of University PaciAsia! Pacic ! c ConferenceConference Programme Programme 44 44 Fr. MarkFr.Dr. Mark LourdesRaper Raper SJ Simpol Jesuit SJ Jesuit ConferenceAteneo Conference de Davao of Asia of University PaciAsia! Pacic ! c Fr. JoséFr.Ms. JoséIgnacio Ana Ignacio Rosa Garcia Carmona Garcia Jimenez Jimenez University SJ Jesuit SJ of Jesuit EuropeanSt. La European Salle Social Social Centre Centre Fr. GabrielFr.Dr. Gabriel Craig Lamug-Nanawa Hutton Lamug-Nanawa University SJ Jesuit ofSJ Southampton, Jesuit Service Service – Cambodia –UK Cambodia FieldField Visits Visits Ms. JulieMs.Mayor JulieEdwards Henry Edwards AfableJesuit Jesuit Social Municipality Social Services Services of – Maydolong, Australia – Australia Eastern Scho.Scho.Arch. Juzito VillaJuzito Rebelo Mae Rebelo LibutaqueSJ Jesuit SJ Jesuit Social TAMPEI Social Services Services – Timor – Timor Leste Leste SustainabilitySustainability Science Science 52 52 Scho.Scho.Ms. Julio Deanna Julio Sousa Sousa Marie SJ Jesuit SJ Olaguer Jesuit Social Social Manila Services Services Observatory – East – TimorEast Timor Scho.Scho.Ms. Albino Connille Albino Reibeiro AbelleraReibeiro Goncalves DRDF-UPPIGoncalves SJ Jesuit SJ Jesuit Social Social Services Services – Timor – Timor Leste Leste ScheduleSchedule of Activities of Activities 53 53 MayorMayorDr. Henry Grace Henry Afable T. Cruz Afable MunicipalityDRDF-UPPI Municipality of Maydolong, of Maydolong, Eastern Samar BackgroundBackground 55 55 Mr. AndreasMr.(Rtd). Andreas Col. Carlgren Mario Carlgren Verner Newman Newman Monsanto Institute Institute CDRRMO - Cagayan de Oro City ObjectivesObjectives of the of Visitthe Visit 56 56 Scho.Scho.Mr. Edryan Benigno Edryan Paul Seraspe PaulColmenares Colmenares CDRRMC SJ Society -SJ Valencia Society of Jesus City of Jesus GuideGuide Questions Questions for Re for! ectionRe!ection 56 56 Scho.Scho.Mr. Lloyd Andreas Lloyd Sabio Sabio Carlgren SJ Society SJ SocietyNewman of Jesus of InstituteJesus AboutAbout the Sitesthe Sites 56 56 Dr. XavierDr.Ms. Xavier Julie Savarimuthu Edwards Savarimuthu Jesuit SJ St. SJ Social Xavier’s St. Xavier’sServices College, College, – Australia Kolkota Kolkota List Listof Participants of Participants 61 61 Arch.Arch.Ms. Villa Taka VillaMae Gani MaeLibutaque Jesuit Libutaque Refugee TAMPEI TAMPEI Service-Indonesia Prof. Prof.Ms.Sabine Jennie Sabine Henry Hickey Henry PhD Australian PhD University University Jesuit of Namur, ofProvince Namur, Belgium Belgium LocalLocal Wisdom, Wisdom, Risk Risk Resilience Resilience and andAdaptation Adaptation 62 62 Prof. Prof.Fr.Vincent José Vincent Ignacio Hallet Hallet PhD Garcia PhD University Jimenez University of SJ Namur, Jesuit of Namur, EuropeanBelgium Belgium Social Centre Dr. FrancoiseDr. FrancoiseBenny Orban Juliawan Orban Ferauge SJ Ferauge Jesuit University Conference University of Namur, of AsiaNamur, Belgium Paci Belgium!c ScheduleSchedule of Activities of Activities 63 63 Prof. Prof.Fr.Stéphane Gabriel Stéphane LeyensLamug-Nanawa Leyens PhD PhD University SJ University Jesuit of ServiceNamur, of Namur, –Belgium Cambodia Belgium BackgroundBackground 67 67 Dr. CraigDr. CraigXavier Hutton Hutton Savarimuthu University University of SJ Southampton, St. of Xavier’s Southampton, College, UK UK Kolkota ObjectivesObjectives of the of Visitthe Visit 67 67 Ms. AnaMs.Scho. RosaAna Edryan Rosa Carmona PaulCarmona Colmenares University University of SJ St. Loyola of La St. Salle La House Salle of Studies GuideGuide Questions Questions for Re for! ectionRe!ection 68 68 Ms. JulieMs.Scho. JulieHermesse Joseph Hermesse Patrick UCL, UCL,Belgium Echevarria Belgium SJ Loyola House of Studies AboutAbout the Sitesthe Sites 68 68 Ms. TakaMs.Scho. TakaGani Lloyd Gani Jesuit Sabio Jesuit Refugee SJ RefugeeLoyola Service-Indonesia House Service-Indonesia of Studies Ms. RonildaMs.Scho. Ronilda Juzito Co-Bacomo Co-BacomoRebelo SJWorld Jesuit World Vision Social Vision Services – Timor Leste List Listof Participants of Participants 73 73 Mr. JosephMr.Scho. Joseph Albino Labrador Labrador Reibeiro Environmental Environmental Goncalves Science SJ Jesuit Science for Social Social for Social Services Change Change – (ESSC) Timor (ESSC) Leste Mr. JoseMr.Scho. JoseAndres Julio Andres SousaIgnacio Ignacio SJ ESSCJesuit ESSC Social Services – Timor Leste YouthYouth and andValues Values Formation Formation 74 74 Dr. WilhelminaDr.Ms. Wilhelmina Mitchiko Clavano Aljas Clavano Environmental ESSC ESSC Science for Social Change (ESSC) ScheduleSchedule of Activities of Activities 75 75 Ms. IrisMs. Legal IrisDallay Legal ESSC Annawi ESSC ESSC BackgroundBackground 76 76 Ms. MarielMs.Mr. SaptarishiMariel de Jesus de JesusBandopadhay ESSC ESSC ESSC ObjectivesObjectives of the of Visitthe Visit 78 78 Mr. EmmanuelMr. EmmanuelEric Bruno Sambale ESSCSambale ESSC ESSC Ms. DallayMs.Dr. Wendy Dallay Annawi AnnawiClavano ESSC ESSC GuideGuide Questions Questions for Re for! ectionRe!ection 78 78 Mr. EricMr.Ms. Bruno EricMariel Bruno ESSCde Jesus ESSC ESSC AboutAbout the Sitesthe Sites 79 79 Ms. GraceMs. GraceCherie Duterte Duterte Domer ESSC ESSCESSC List Listof Participants of Participants 80 80 Ms. CherieMs.Mr. JoseCherie Domer Andres Domer ESSC Ignacio ESSC ESSC Ms. FreidaMs. FreidaSylvia Tabuena MiclatTabuena ESSC ESSC ESSC List Listof Maps: of Maps: Dr. PedroDr.Mr. PedroJoseph Walpole Walpole Labrador SJ ESSC SJ ESSC Ms. RowenaMs. RowenaIris LegalSoriaga Soriaga ESSC ESSC ESSC MapMap 1. Overview 1. Overview Map Map of Field of Field Visits Visits Ms. SylviaMs. SylviaJennifer Miclat Miclat OganiaESSC ESSC ESSC MapMap 2. Upland 2. Upland communities communities in in Malaybalay City, City, , Bukidnon, Philippines Ms. MitchikoMs.Mr. EmmanuelMitchiko Aljas Aljas ESSC Sambale ESSC ESSC Mr. Arnel Santander ESSC MapMap 3. Flood 3. Flood Zones Zones and andResettlement Resettlement Sites Sites - Cagayan - Cagayan de Oro de OroCity City Dr. JoselitoDr. Joselito Sandejas Sandejas ESSC ESSC Board Board Mrs. Mrs.Ms.Elenita Rowena Elenita Sandejas Sandejas Soriaga ESSC ESSC ESSC Board Board MapMap 4. Flood 4. Flood Zones Zones and andResettlement Resettlement Site Site- Valencia - Valencia City City Dr. TeresitaDr.Ms. Teresita Freida Perez Tabuena Perez ESSC ESSC Board ESSC Board Mr. GeorgeMr.Dr. PedroGeorge Aseniero Walpole Aseniero ESSC SJ ESSCESSC Board Board Fr. JoseFr.Mrs. JoseQuilongquilong Elenita Quilongquilong Sandejas SJ ESSC ESSC SJ BoardESSC Board Board LouisLouisDr. Catalan Joselito Catalan ESSC Sandejas ESSC Board Board ESSC Board RobertoRoberto Ansaldo Ansaldo ESSC ESSC Board Board Dr. AmorDr. Amor de Torres de Torres ESSC ESSC Board Board Ms. EvelynMs. Evelyn Clavano Clavano APC BoardAPC Board Fr. JoseniloFr. Josenilo Labra Labra SJ APC SJ BoardAPC Board Fr. MateoFr. Mateo Sanchez Sanchez SJ APC SJ BoardAPC Board

TLWG TLWGBriefing Briefing Kit_COVER Kit_COVER Spread.indd Spread.indd 4-5 4-5 5/14/145/14/14 4:32 PM 4:32 PM Welcome Message

Ladies and gentlemen,

On behalf of the Belgian Cooperation for Development at University level (CUD) and of the partners from ESSC, Xavier University and the Universities of Davao, Namur, Louvain and Liege involved in the project “Towards greater human security in by Establishing strategy research Partnerships to strengthen local governance in land and water Management (EPaM)”, it is a great honour to address you this brief message.

When meeting Pedro Walpole with Françoise Orban a few days before Xmas 2008, the objectives were clearly to see, for ESSC, how to scienti!cally objectivise decision making in land use planning and for myself, according to the FAO framework, how to take into account farming and cropping systems in a participative way within the canvas I progressively developed to collect and deliver soil data in an always more integrated and operational methodology.

Initiated in Algeria (1975), with the adoption of the CIRAD geomorphopedological approach to explain the rock-relief-soil-land cover/use relations, conceive explicative map legends and point out potentialities, constraints and improvement options. Enriched in Guinea Conakry (1988) by an agropedological re"exion aiming to assess, calibrate and monitor topsoil fertility at plot level with composite samples according to land units identi!ed. This methodology, using GPS and GIS technologies and including yields as !rst tentative to integrate an economical parameter, led us in China to launch (2002) a generic protocol for an integrated regional Land Information System as tool for land use planning and management.

I am deeply convinced that this kind of methodology would have helped to avoid some critical errors like salinization of some irrigated perimeters, acidi!cation of soils “reclaimed” from mangrove, severe soil erosion even on gentle slopes, housing in potential "ooding areas or if you prefer near a water mill... which has been well known for ages !

But the integration of adequate economic and socio-economic parameters to answer the increasing diversi!ed demand for land remained in our LandIS essay an open question which more than ever is the key one.

To address it, we know that the human paradox is to extend its settlement on what was at its origin, generally the best soils; meaning that we think in terms of space, less in terms of volume and still less in terms of time, that we think in terms of an unlimited resource and not in terms of a scarce and slowly renewable Heritage.

In that logic, a shallow stony soil has a higher value in town than a deep soil without any limitations in the country or such a deep soil is cheaper to build on than an industrial site to clean up. As a matter of fact, the concept of land value is essentially a commercial concept which ignores the multi-purpose agro-environmental functions of soil as a bioreactor which in!ltrates, !ltrates, bu#ers, recycles....

Then, the idea to integrate in land assessment the concept of biodiversity or of eco-systemic services, to give incentives upstream to avoid far bigger reconstruction fees downstream seems attractive provided that this added value will not create a speculative reaction which will pro!t other people than those targeted ! I hope that your discussion will help to progress in that concern.

For the project in itself, no doubt that the best persons to present you the results obtained are our two PhD candidates, Andrès Ignacio from ESSC and Guadalupe Calalang from Xavier University, who both work hard and with enthusiasm in collecting data at !eld and laboratory levels.

Ladies and gentlemen, I wish you a pleasant and fruitful conference 2014 in charming Malaybalay.

Prof. Laurent Bock CUD-EPaM Lead Partner Soil and Water Systems, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 1 Welcome Message

We, at the Institute of Environmental Science for Social Change, warmly welcome the participants to this international Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance, a theme with big words and pregnant with so many possibilities. They are also exciting and practical words that desire change, that reckon with the natural and the ecological, and that engage with people, processes, and institutions.

The conference themes of a science for sustainability, an understanding and application of local wisdom in risk resilience adaptation to the impacts of a changing climate, and a focus on the youth as the succession leaders and innovators and the values formed, are critical institutional concerns de!ning the work agenda for the coming years.

With Mindanao as a context and focus area of work, this e#ort is directed towards a genuine human development that is enriched with the cultural integrity of communities and a landscape and natural resources that nourish and sustain these cultures. The Institute has a long working history in Mindanao, integrating the environmental and socio-cultural research undertaken to inform and enhance community management and decision-making in natural resource management, in culture-based education, and in sustaining a fragile peace. At the same time, there is also the accompaniment of communities as they express and communicate their concerns on the need for basic social services and their demands to be heard and reached by local government.

The challenges are great in an area so rich, so diverse, yet so fragile. But the opportunities to transform and move forward are also tremendous. It is thus with great expectation of this gathering that we look forward to a broadening of relations that brings about meaningful and productive collaboration between and amongst Jesuit institutions and partners.

And with this, we speak again of big words such as collaboration and engagement, eventually working towards a dialogue amongst people and institutions, harnessing the capacities, the competence, the knowledge, and the experiences that will explore further, sustain further, a quality human development and a sustainable environment.

Sylvia Miclat Executive Director Environmental Science for Social Change

2 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Rationale

Today we face extraordinary challenges - natural disasters, extreme weather events, long term shifts in climate, political change, growing resource scarcity and demographic movements. These compel us to re-think about how government, private sectors, businesses and we as individuals manage our environment and resources.

State of Land and Water Use Change in Asia Paci!c Asia-Paci!c, representing 60% of the world’s population1, has the lowest per capita availability of freshwater2. Agriculture in Asia accounts for 79% of annual average water withdrawals3, and demand for food and animal feed crops is predicted to grow by 70% to 100% over the next 50 years. Enhancing yield is estimated to meet 70% of food needs, but this could hasten water depletion and downstream impacts. The fastest increase in water demand now comes from industry and cities. Asia is home to more than half of the world’s slum population.4 Globally, informal settlements are growing at a much faster pace than cities themselves. Wastewater is often released untreated or partially treated into rivers, lakes and groundwater. Eighty per cent of Asia’s rivers are in poor health, jeopardizing economies and the quality of life.5 Ecosystem services, valued at $1.75 trillion per year, are threatened.

State of Disaster Risks in Asia Paci!c Floods, droughts, hurricanes, storm surges and landslides represent 90% of the world’s disasters, and 90% of the people a#ected by these water-related disasters live in Asia.6 Asia is home to 75% of vulnerable urban populations in coastal zones.7 While improved forecasting has reduced the number of deaths from water-related disasters, the costs of "ood disasters have increased over time, with damages estimated to be over $61 billion in 2011.8 Countries are recognizing the need to !nd the interface between disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and migration policies and programs. Several estimates have been made about the impacts of climate change on migration, varying between 50 million and 1 billion. An individual’s decision to move always has a number of causes including economic, political and social factors, and the impacts of climate change could be an additional factor among these. Climate change may also play a role in changing some of these other in"uences, as seen in the dynamic playing out in the Philippines wherein e#orts to move people out of critical waterways is underway as government’s strategy for adapting to the increasing frequency of extreme weather events.

State of Governance Fragmentation in leadership, cultural identity, and socio-economic priorities has fragmented land use. In upland Mindanao, for example, land use change is driven by the history of commercial logging, the disregard for indigenous communities, the lack of tenure for migrants, and the limited development of sustainable resource management strategies. The area’s climate, forest hydrology, and nutrient balances are a source of sustainability, yet with land use change, the erosion and loss of the limited nutrient base, broader environmental degradation is rapidly growing without greater accountability and better options. To provide the basis for moving from compartmentalized and piecemeal planning options to integrated holistic planning, a sound biophysical understanding of land and water resources and their interaction with cultures, societies and economies is necessary.

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 3 Rationale

The Need for Transformation Over the last decade, the concept of transformative governance that is adaptive in nature has gained popularity and interest in the scienti!c community as a way to anticipate and manage regime and resources. However, many are struggling to apply such governance in practice. To e#ectively implement transformative governance, practitioners and policy makers need the capacity to anticipate and respond to the potential change, as well as the knowledge and ability to integrate present and future socio-environmental systems and processes. Transformative governance needs to follow a complex framework that includes processes and dynamics amongst land and water as well as those people accessing or managing the resources.

The need for fundamental change is evident in the way various sectors are searching for transformation in the way things are done. Transformative education, for example, seeks teaching and learning methods that prompt a deep structural shift in the basic premises of thought, feelings and actions so as to alter our way of being in the world.9 The Bologna process10 that started in 1999 has sought this transformation for higher education in Europe. With 47 country signatories to the Bologna Accord, the process paved the way for convergence of higher education systems in Europe to meet new societal demands.

Transformative research is also being sought among members of the scienti!c community, to challenge our current comprehension of an important existing scienti!c or engineering concept or educational practice in search of pathways to new frontiers.11 In responding to climate change, values play a huge role as we search for a collective understanding of how we need to respond – for humanity’s collective common sense.12 While awareness is growing about the impacts of land and water use change on human security, discernment on values, behaviours and attitudes that drive these changes is still limited. The search for transformation is about the search for values that can help us take on the responsibility for sustaining the one earth we have, and this cannot be done solely through acquiring information or knowledge. The search for transformation entails !nding a secular language that can be understood in a diversity of life situations to encourage dialogue on values and bring out the wisdom from local contexts to address global challenges.

This Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance: A Collaborative Engagement towards Transformative Research and Governance for Sustainable Human Development seeks to bring out diverse responses to the growing environmental and socio-political concerns in the region, and not just come up with one response that !ts all. It seeks to present a “!t-for-purpose” framework or strategy for research and planning development by bringing in people who use interdisciplinary scienti!c approaches to address urgent local and national challenges within the context of (i) sustainability science, (ii) local wisdom, risk resilience and adaptation and (iii) youth and values formation. Through this conference, we seek to develop more critical understanding about transformative land and water governance generated through knowledge and experiences shared from Mindanao, the Philippines and beyond. The conference also hopes to generate collaborative engagements among participants on topics that promote sustainability science, disaster risk resilience and youth and values formation.

4 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Rationale

1UN ESCAP. 2012. Data Explorer – Annual Data. http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/statdb/dataExplorer. aspx; Asia-Paci!c covers: Southeast Asia; East and North-East Asia; Paci!c; South and Southwest Asia; North & Central Asia. 2WWF. 2012. Ecological Footprint and Investment in Natural Capital in Asia and the Paci!c. UK: ADB & WWF. 3UN ESCAP. 2008. Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Paci!c. Bangkok. 4UN Habitat. 2006. Slum Trends in Asia.http://www.unhabitat.org/documents/media_centre/APMC/ Slum%20trends%20in%20Asia.pdf 5ADB. 2013. Asian Water Development Outlook. Manila. http://www.adb.org/publications/asian-water- development-outlook-2013 6Y. Adikari and J. Yoshitani. 2009. Global Trends in Water-Related Disasters: An Insight for Policymakers. http://www.unwater.org/downloads/181793E.pdf accessed 20 Sep 2013; Figure does not include countries in the Paci!c/Oceania. 7ADB. 2013. Asian Water Development Outlook. Manila. http://www.adb.org/publications/asian-water- development-outlook-2013 8Swiss Re. 2012. Natural Catastrophes and Man-Made Disasters in 2011: Historic Losses Surface from Record Earthquakes and Floods. Sigma 2/2012. http://media.swissre.com/documents/sigma2_2012_en.pdf 9Teaching for Change: Engaging in Transformative Education. http://www.teaching4change.edu.au/ node/4 accessed 24 Sep 2013 10UNESCO. 2013. The Bologna Process: Its impact in Europe and beyond. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0022/002206/220649e.pdf 11National Science Foundation. De!nition of Transformative Research. http://www.nsf.gov/about/ transformative_research/de!nition.jsp accessed 24 Sep 2013. 12Carlgren, Andreas. 2010. Crisis Requires Creativity: Andreas Carlgren, Swedish Minister for the Environment, in an interview with Philip Geister SJ. In ecojesuit, 15 Aug 2010. http://ecojesuit.com/crisis- requires-creativity/291/ accessed 22 Sep 2013.

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 5 Background

The Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC) is the lead organizer for the fourth and !nal annual conference of the Belgian Commission Universitaire pour le Devéloppement (CUD)-funded project, Towards greater human security in Mindanao by Establishing strategic research Partnerships to strengthen local governance in land and water Management (EPaM). This event builds on previous conferences co-organized with Ateneo de Davao University, Ateneo de Cagayan-Xavier University, University of Namur, Gembloux Agro Bio Tech and Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC):

t May 2011: conference on celebrating human capability, from vulnerability to resilience (Koronadal City)

t May 2012: conference on understanding the factors a#ecting the movement of people, internal migration and displacement (Davao City)

t May 2013: conference on development of a generic protocol for establishing regional land information system and soil fertility assessment, disseminating information on the methodology used and results of the soil research component of the project (Cagayan de Oro City)

The Conference is held with the support of the CUD, Global Ignatian Advocacy Network (GIAN) and the Jesuit Conference of Asia Paci!c (JCAP) ecology group. GIAN and JCAP ecology group see the opportunity and value to engage Jesuits and the people working with Jesuits in ecology in this conference, to create a dynamic engagement and response to the environment, research and governance concerns in the region. Hopefully, this further builds the ongoing work of ESSC in strategic research partnerships with universities in Belgium as well as with the Jesuit universities in Mindanao towards strengthening local government responses and management of their land and water resources in the island.

6 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Conference Objectives, Results and Format

Primarily, this year’s conference seeks to encourage exchange of knowledge and experience among participants on how they are learning, creating and accompanying di#erent stakeholders to transform land and water governance. Knowledge from across the natural and social sciences is needed to develop a thorough understanding of our ecological challenges.

These challenges include:

t Learning how to develop a comprehensive and integrated point of view, through linking academic disciplines, that enables us to transform our governance of land and water resources; t Creating capacities that enable us to build safe and secure societies that are resilient to disaster risks t Accompanying the youth as they prepare to inherit the responsibility of building a sustainable future for our community and society.

Speci!cally, the conference aims to explore land and water governance concerns in the context of the following themes:

Theme 1: Sustainability Science Theme 2: Local Wisdom, Risk Resilience and Adaptation Theme 3: Youth and Values

The e#ort is to broaden initiatives on the ground and to open discussion on transformative research and education, including Ignatian perspective and values formation for development. We hope that this conference sparks collaborative engagements for further action and follow-up exchanges among participants on topics that promote science and ecology, disaster risk reduction and youth formation.

The conference is organized into four types of gathering:

1. Plenary session features 20-30 minute presentations of the conference keynote speaker and thematic key speakers.

2. Parallel sessions, corresponding to the three themes, are held after the plenary session. Session speakers are given 20 minutes for presentations and 10 minutes to address clari!cation questions. Time is also allotted for the Chair to provide a synthesis to wrap up the session.

3. Parallel workshops are held after the plenary sessions. Participants are assigned into three groups corresponding to each theme. Guide questions are provided to aid participants in coming up with lessons learned and recommendations that impact academic research direction as well as practical collaborative actions.

4. A wrap up plenary session is organized to present results from the parallel workshops and a conference synthesis.

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 7 Keynote Speaker

Andreas CARLGREN

Andreas Carlgren works at the Newman Institute, the !rst Jesuit University College in Sweden, developing an educational program in social science, with focus of environment and justice. He is also the vice Chair of Stockholm Environment Institute, at the Board of the Gothenburg University, and an advisor to the think tank Global Challenge.

Mr Carlgren was the Minister of Environment of Sweden, 2006- 2011. Global warming was a main issue during his term. He facilitated the negotiations at the UN-conference 2008 in Poland; leading to the operational start of the Adaptation Fund, and 2010 in Mexico to agree on keeping global temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius. At the 2009 UN-conference in Copenhagen he was leading the EU environment ministers. He was one of the key ministers in the UN-negotiations on Biodiversity 2010 in Japan, resulting in the Nagoya Protocol on Genetic Resources.

Mr Carlgren, once a teacher by profession after studies at the Stockholm University, has also been a Municipal Commissioner, Member of the Swedish Parliament – where he was as a member of the Committee on Education – as well as Director General of the Swedish Integration Board.

8 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Theme Key Speakers

Jean-Marie BALAND PhD

Jean-Marie Baland is a Professor at the Department of Economics of the University of Namur. He belongs to the Center for Research on Development Economics (CRED). His research interests include the analysis of informal institutions in less developed economies and the consequences of poverty.

His most recent research projects include the impact and the sustainability of microcredit organizations (mainly in India); the economic impact of electoral corruption; the microeconomic determinants of the deforestation in the Himalaya and the analysis of solidarity networks in Africa. He has done !eldwork in the past on informal groups in the slum of Kibera in Kenya, on the functioning of land markets in Uganda, on deforestation in the Indian Himalayas and on self-help groups in India. Since 2009, he bene!ted from an ERC advanced grant in support of his research on Social Capital and informal contracts. Email: [email protected]

Pedro WALPOLE SJ PhD

Peter Walpole, or Pedro, is a practitioner in sustainable environment and community land management in Southeast Asia. Today much of his work is in facilitating a greater understanding of the causes of landslides and "ooding, as they occur in the Philippines, as well as in the Asia Paci!c region. He continues to live with the Pulangiyen, an upland indigenous community in Bendum (Mindanao, Philippines), supporting multi-lingual education, peace, and ecological stability in the area. The Jesuit Conference of Asia Paci!c (JCAP) appointed Pedro as Coordinator for Reconciliation with Creation. In these roles and venues, he continues to share his views about poverty reduction in forest lands, human security in protected areas, partnerships for local development, disaster risk reduction, social concerns in forest law enforcement and governance, climate justice, and indigenous peoples’ rights. Email: [email protected]

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 9 Theme Key Speaker

Sylvia MICLAT

Sylvia Miclat is currently the Executive Director of the Institute of Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC), a Jesuit environmental research organization that works primarily with communities and local governments in natural resource management and planning. She also contributes to the communication of the institutional work through the online platforms Sustainability Science Philippines (http:// sustainabilityscience.ph/) and Ecology and Jesuits in Communication (http://ecojesuit.com/). She has been with ESSC since 1998 and previously held positions in planning and programs management.

Sylvia has a degree in development communication from the University of the Philippines in Los Baños (UPLB) and further graduate studies in development management. Prior to her work with ESSC, she previously worked as editor and writer and study grants coordinator at the UPLB O$ce of the Vice Chancellor for Academic A#airs, as Press O$cer at the Presidential Committee on Human Rights, as a researcher at Trends Research and Analysis, Inc, as a member of the development communication group of the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement, and as project o$cer with the Netherlands Organization for International Development Cooperation.

She lives in City with her husband Manding, three young adults who used to be small children, a dog, two cats, a small garden of plants and vegetables, and shelves of books struggling to be read in her spare time. Email: [email protected]

10 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance CONFERENCE THEMES AND ABSTRACTS

The conference focuses on themes that feature initiatives that provide knowledge needed for societal transformation. Thematic sessions are designed to challenge us to strengthen further our local, national, and international collaboration:

Theme 1: Sustainability Science Theme 2: Local Wisdom, Risk Resilience and Adaptation Theme 3: Youth and Values Formation

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 11 Sustainability Science

Sustainability science is an emerging !eld of research dealing with the interactions between natural and social systems, and with how those interactions a#ect the challenge of sustainability. The challenge is to meet the needs of present and future generations while substantially reducing poverty and conserving the planet’s life support systems. Sustainability science is a kind of science that is primarily use-inspired, with signi!cant fundamental and applied knowledge components, and commitment to moving such knowledge into societal action. Sustainability science is science with ethics.

Sustainability Science is rooted in being human and being authentic in its service to human development and environmental interaction. Before, state and industry used to de!ne science. Now, human need is increasingly de!ning science. Science is now giving attention to basic needs, beyond sustaining just the average, by moving towards achieving impact on the bottom. Many institutions recognize the importance of including Sustainability Science in the solutions of sustainability challenges we face, including disaster risk reduction and youth engagement.

This session invites presentations that work towards environmental and social sustainability using approaches that value the rootedness of research in an area’s context: the landscape, the people, and their socio-economic realities. Participants are invited to share how they are learning to discover and communicate the science for sustaining both people and planet, creating capacities with di#erent stakeholders, accompanying various partners, and supporting the emergence of ‘centres of living and learning’.

12 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Groundwater investigation, assessment and production on small volcanic islands: a solution for small isolated communities subjected to severe water shortages

ABSTRACT In the Paci!c Ocean, the small volcanic islands (few km²) mainly consist of basaltic Prof. Vincent HALLET PhD or pyroclastic deposits. Due to the climatic environment, these rocks are rapidly weathered in clayey material that reduces their hydraulic conductivity. In such conditions, groundwater resources are often located inside drift deposits (colluvium or alluvium). As these aquifer potential sites are often close to shoreline, they have a limited extension and they are threatened by salt-water intrusion. To locate the best groundwater potential sites for water abstraction, di#erent scienti!c investigations have to be conducted as : geological prospecting, geophysical survey, water balance calculation and piezometric monitoring. In the end, using these data, groundwater model using "ow and solute transport equations (taking into account the density e#ects) are used to simulate and assess e#ects of pumping in a particular catchment. Doing this, drilling sites can be located, well design and construction recommended (hand-dug well, shallow or deep borehole) and production rate calculated to avoid any risk of over pumping and salt water contamination. This methodology, that could seems expensive and sophisticate, can be applied using simple !eld instruments. Therefore, data monitoring can be conducted by the local population who is, by this way, directly involved in the scienti!c investigation.

Prof. Vincent HALLET PhD

Vincent Hallet is a full professor in the University of Namur with a Doctorate in Sciences (Hydrogeology) from the University of Liege - Belgium. Aside from having worked for various private companies both in Belgium and other countries, Professor Hallet also conducted surveys for the United Nations Development Program in various countries of the South Paci!c. He is currently engaged in various research projects in a number of countries including the Philippines. Vincent is committed to teaching and developing scienti!c projects in the !eld of quantitative and qualitative management of groundwater. Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 13 Water Sustainability Issues for India with its Social and Ecological Impacts Xavier Savarimuthu SJ PhD and Mahua Basu

ABSTRACT Water, once a synonym of life, is fast becoming the scourge that threatens to disrupt life as we perceive it on Earth. India as a land of monsoon, where water as an ubiquity” (something that is omnipresent) has turned into drops during the peak summer. Agriculture: Faced with a task of feeding 7 billion (and counting) hungry mouths, Xavier SAVARIMUTHU SJ PhD agriculture is becoming more and more intense, with water usage (70 percent of the world’s freshwater is used in agriculture) promising to go up drastically. However, sinking ground water levels, contamination due to indiscriminate use of fertilizers and pesticides and pollution have all combined to put severe caps on this front.

Corporatization: In India the domestic bottled water market (including organized and unorganized players) is estimated at Rs 8,000 crore, and expected to grow to Rs 10,000 crore by 2013. It is also stated there that the bottled water market has been growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 19% and is expected to continue its growth momentum and grow over four-folds to Rs 36,000 crore by 2020. The per capita consumption of bottled water in India has increased from 16.20 litres (2010-11) to19.60 litres(2011-12). By 2020, the per capita consumption in India will reach around 30 litres (global 40litres).

Water Wars: Water wars – con"icts over water is not the name of some scary doomsday thriller – it is happening everywhere. Disputes over water, be that between states like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka (Cauvery Water), Kerala and Tamilnadu (Periyar Dam), Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh (Krishna Water) or Nations like Palestine and Israel are no di#erent than the !ghts that break out between families accessing the tube well in the slum on a daily basis.

Ecological and Social Impacts: Climate Change – the melting polar caps are forcing the sea levels to rise leading to entire populations becoming climate refugees, while changing weather patterns: "oods, deserti!cation, saline infestation are adding to the problems. Rapid urbanization, migration and a loss of opportunities on the other hand is forcing migrations of unprecedented scales – people who have to be provided access to clean drinking water and sanitation.

Public health Impacts: Are we aware of the facts that the bottled water too has it public health impacts in the form of Bisphenol-A (BPA) and the disinfection by products (DBPs) too cause various public health disasters? What is the cost involved in desalination, waste water treatment to supply safe drinking water to the public in the annual budget of our country? The Cola war in Kerala for water (Plachimada) and the pesticides in the bottled water cost our health and costs our economy.

The presentation will focus on the various water sustainability issues for water management in India with its social and ecological impacts. Xavier SAVARIMUTHU SJ PhD Rev. Dr. Xavier Savarimuthu is a Jesuit who heads the Department of Environmental Studies at St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He holds a PhD degree in Epidemiology and is currently involved in a dug well program in India to provide arsenic-safe water to the poor villagers in the arsenic a#ected blocks in North 24 Parganas . His latest article is on “The Earth we want requires reconciliation with creation”. (http://www.sjweb.info/sjs/headlines/ newsShow.cfm?PubTextID=13034&pubid=14371). He has conducted courses on “Environment and Public health in South Asia” at Santa Clara University, California. He is also a consultant in arsenic research at the Bioengineering Department of Santa Clara University and Institute of Catholic Bioethics, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Email: [email protected] 14 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance A Study of Transboundary Water Management Issues in Hou Sahong, Mekong River

ABSTRACT The Mekong River, more speci!cally that of the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), is a vital resource for millions of people living within the basin. It supports the largest fresh water !shery in the world, and is the dominant source of protein for the poor of the Gabriel LAMUG-NAÑAWA SJ region. Inundation of wetlands in Cambodia and Vietnam is essential for the production of rice, on which millions of people depend.

In its bid to be the battery of Asia, Lao PDR is building its second of nine planned hydropower dams on the LMB along the Mekong mainstream. The Don Sahong Hydropower Dam will be located on the southern end of Lao PDR, less than 2km from the border with Cambodia. The countries of Cambodia and Vietnam fear that the construction of this dam will have negative e#ects on the !sheries and water quality up to several thousands of kilometers downstream.

One simple controversy is whether the dam lies on the Mekong mainstream or not. Since the river braids into many channels in southern Laos, and the dam blocks only one of these channels, the government of Lao PDR claims that the dam is not really on the Mekong mainstream. This distinction is signi!cant because under the 1995 Mekong Agreement, it determines whether or not the dam is subject to the Procedure of Noti!cation, Prior Consultation and Agreement (PNPCA), which entails the agreement of the Mekong River Commission (MRC) member countries, or simply the announcement of its construction.

The dam will be built on the Hou Sahong channel of the Khone Falls in southern Lao PDR. Fisheries experts claim that this is the only channel that migrating !sh can pass through all year round, which means that it is the only channel accessible to migrating !sh during the dry season. If this is true, then blocking this channel without other mitigating measures could potentially damaging to the !sheries production in Lao PDR, the communities in the Sesan, Srepok, and Sekong rivers, Tonle Sap Lake, and the Mekong Delta in Vietnam.

There are many unresolved concerns regarding the building of the Don Sahong Hydropower Dam. Going ahead with its construction puts at risk the food security of many in the region and puts into question the prudence and responsibility of this decision.

Gabriel LAMUG-NAÑAWA SJ

Gabriel Lamug-Nañawa SJ graduated from De La Salle University in Manila with a bachelor’s degree in Manufacturing Engineering and Management. His thesis involved the construction and software programming of a 3-axis industrial robotic arm. He also completed a Master of Applied Science degree in the Governance of Natural Resources from James Cook University in Queensland, Australia. His thesis was on community-based water quality monitoring on the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia. At present, he is head of the Ecology Program of Jesuit Service- Cambodia, based in Phnom Penh. Their programs include ecological restoration, education and formation, research and publication, and encouraging sustainable practices in Jesuit institutions. The health of the Mekong River and support of the communities that depend on it are important concerns. Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 15 Factors A#ecting the Engagement of Community Forest Enterprises in Timber Commercialization Eric Bruno and Rowena Soriaga

ABSTRACT Devolution of community rights over the forest is a common theme in the policy Eric BRUNO discussion in Asia over the last three decades. This is evident through the enactment of legislation and policies devolving authority and power from central government to local government or communities. Questions remain, however, as to whether these e#orts are helping forest-dependent communities penetrate markets for forest products and uplift socio-economic conditions in the process. Drawing from six case studies in three Asian countries, this paper discusses the factors helping or hindering the engagement of community forest groups and other small-scale enterprises in commercial timber operations. This paper also shares a regional perspective on collaboration challenges and potentials in contributing to global-level research.

Eric BRUNO

Eric Bruno is a Project Manager of Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC) in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon. Email: [email protected]

16 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Black Carbon

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the issue of Black Carbon Global Warming in the Tropics. This issue came to prominence some years ago in the form of the so-called ABC: Asian Black Cloud. In the last two years this has risen to the level of a serious issue in the scienti!c community studying climate change. Black carbon is now seen as the second Daniel MCNAMARA SJ PhD most prevalent cause of anthropomorphic induced global warming, after CO2. Some points as to the reason for this and a discussion of how to proceed so as to make local agriculture more sustainable will be given. Emphasis here will be on the local phenomenon of slash and burn agriculture.

Daniel MCNAMARA SJ PhD

Fr Daniel McNamara, SJ, PhD, is currently the Chair of the Environmental Science Department of Ateneo de Davao University and also a professor of the Department of Physics and Master’s Program in Risk Management. His !elds of expertise include climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction; atmospheric pollution monitoring; solar earth interaction from the upper atmosphere with possible applications to atmospheric weather; ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC); and chaos and data statistical analysis. Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 17 A regional soil reference system for fertility assessment and monitoring for highland soils in Mindanao, Philippines Guadalupe D. Calalang, Laurent Bock, Gilles Colinet and Aurore Degre

ABSTRACT

Guadalupe D. CALALANG The aim of this contribution to the CUD-EPaM Project is to develop a methodology and build a soil reference system to provide scienti!c guidance on soil fertility assessment and monitoring for land use planning in the highlands of Mindanao, Philippines. The research was conducted in two highland areas in Bukidnon. The !rst site, Miarayon, Talakag is located in the upper Cagayan de Oro River watershed and the second site, Bendum, Malaybalay is in the upper watershed. Adapting the geomorphopedological approach by laying out the toposequences, the relationships between rock, relief, soil, land cover, land use and farmers’ management strategies were studied. This was the !rst step of the study that aimed to identify the morphology, potentiality, suitability and constraints of Miarayon and Bendum soils. Succeeding steps of the research were on soil fertility assessment through composite sample analysis, crop yield measurements and plant growth response by pot experiment in order to determine the state of the soil fertility, calibrate the laboratory analysis results, draw experimental guidelines and initiate monitoring activities. Research outcomes are the key to !nd strategies in managing these highland soils and the developed methodology in acquiring information than can be replicated in other locations.

The FAO-WRB classi!cation was used in identifying the soil types. Soil potentialities and constraints were assessed in terms of physical and chemical parameters. The physical parameters were soil texture, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and water retention capacity. The chemical parameters were organic carbon, pH, CEC, exchangeable bases and acidity. Soil suitability assessment had looked into the capacity of the soil to provide the conditions that are required by crops. Soil fertility information that were derived from laboratory analysis results were cross referenced with yield measurements results in the !eld and nutrient assimilated by plants through pot experiment. A more detailed investigation was conducted in Miarayon to verify the volcanic heritage of its soil. This paper further presents the integration of data and how this can be used in assisting highland farmers.

Guadalupe D. CALALANG (PhD Candidate)

Guadalupe D. Calalang currently works for Xavier University in its engagement to the EPaM Research Project which is supported by the Commission of Universities for Development, Government of Belgium. While earning for a PhD degree in Agronomic Science and Biology Engineering at the University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgium, Guada works on the soil research component of the project which is the Developing of a Generic Protocol for Establishing a Land Information System for Land Use Planning in Mindanao, Philippines.

Prior to Guada’s PhD studies, she had !nished two international Master degree programs. First, the Master of Environmental Management at Gri$th University, Australia which was supported by the Australian Development Scholarship Grant, and second, the Master of Science in Environmental Risk Assessment for Tropical Ecosystems, a joint program between Chiang Mai University, Thailand and the University of Saarland, Germany which was under the sponsorship of the German Technical Cooperation for Development. She earned her Bachelor’s degree in Agricultural Engineering from the State University, , Philippines that was funded by Philippine Coconut Producers’ Federation (CocoFed) Scholarship Grant. With her desire to be in the teaching profession, she studied to gain academic units in Bachelor of Science in Education at the University of the Visayas, City, Philippines. Email: [email protected] 18 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Societal Interaction of Science and Technology In Mindanao

ABSTRACT Clark and Dickson (2003) noted the emergence of dynamic movements that harness science and technology for sustainable development where the interactions are Lourdes R. SIMPOL PhD problem-driven with the end goal of creating and applying knowledge in support of decision-making. This paper shall document di#erent experiences where sustainability science has been proven to be successful in Mindanao.

Looking at water as a resource, local cases will be presented which show how science has contributed to changes towards sustainable development. This paper will look into: 1) the nature and problem of the di#erent cases, 2) description of the interaction between science and society; and 3) impact of each of the interactions. The cases described will include: hydropower, water quality interventions, mining, and automated weather stations.

The experiences (from the four mentioned cases) led to the following lessons, which re-enforce the call for sustainability science: 1. A strong civil society movement is crucial to the dynamic interaction. 2. An interdisciplinary approach is crucial in the analysis of the problem (for example, interaction of natural and social sciences, especially sensitivity to culture). 3. Data gathering should follow the rigors and protocols of science so that data will be solid and not questionable.

What lies ahead? Mindanao is no exception to the e#ects of changing climate and many factors have made the landscape more vulnerable. The fast changing landscape of the upstream due to mining and land conversion has reduced our forest covers. River systems have become murky due to siltation. These same murky waters (when available – if there is no drought) are the ones that feed irrigation canals to water the croplands. To add to the complexity of this situation, the bioaccumulation of residue metals is an emerging problem. In the meantime, the energy roadmap is still missing. Thus the nexus of water-food security and energy remains a great challenge in Mindanao. To this, I see the opportunity of more space for the role of sustainability science. This is an invitation for more scientists (both social and natural) to be more involved in this cause.

Reference: Clark, W.C. & Dickson, N.M. (2003), “Sustainability science: The emerging research program”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 100, no. 14, pp. 8059-8061.

Lourdes R. SIMPOL PhD

Dr. Lourdes Simpol is a faculty of Ateneo de Davao University doing research on climate change. She has 22 years of professional experience in environmental sciences and the academe. Her areas of expertise include: climate change, “applied” risk assessment, mitigation and adaptation to grassroots (Local Government Units and People’s Organizations). The results of her work in water quality assessment, including protocol development for new analysis and sampling procedures, have been applied to di#erent river systems of Davao City (7 river systems), (2 river systems) and South (3 river systems) since 1994. Dr. Simpol is the Director of the Tropical Institute for Climate Studies (TropICS) at the Ateneo de Davao University, a newly created institute that deals with the research on climate related studies. Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 19 Recognising Material Violence – a silent solution to transformative governance: Sustainability science and its relationship to law

ABSTRACT Two paradigms currently exist in relation to our relationship with the material/natural world. The !rst is the pro!t imperative which claims a ‘right to access raw materials’ on the basis of economic security. The second is the sustainability discourse that claims a right to govern resources in order to protect livelihoods. What I propose is a deepening of the second discourse in order to consolidate or create the limit point of violence Bronwyn LAY LLB, BA against nature, which essentially is violence against humans. Within this presentation I will use examples from Ecuador, New Zealand, Japan, Palestine, Haiti as well as the consequences of the proposed international crime of ecocide.

Due to the domination of western legal philosophy upon the worlds legislative systems, governance is seen as governing ‘over’ rather than governing ‘with’ the environment. This is because the material, nature, remains as existing for human pleasure and use, rather than as entities living with us in a reciprocal and symbiotic manner. In particular, if we are to look at water bodies and land systems, the law doesn’t recognise these entities under law except as subjects ‘outside the law’ i.e. without rights, but able to be governed over (regulated). The vocabulary of pollution, carbon, hurricane, toxicity, and economic progress does not attach moral accountability to material violence committed. Therefore violence is committed against the environment without an accountability structure or an articulated ethical sensitivity to that violence. We need to re-create a system of values (nomos) and sensitivity to the violence enacted by society on the material similar to the vocabulary in law for violence against humans: murder, assault, massacre. This shift in discourse will also uncover the violence committed against human communities that live and support materially ethical practises (indigenous). Also, as localised systems are intensely enacted upon by global forces, this shift needs to be international in its scope particularly in light of the intense violence of climate change.

One of the ways to introduce this sensibility towards ecological violence is the rise of the rights of nature discourse, or as I would prefer, the rights of the material. Many di#erent legal solutions to the environmental crisis are emerging focused upon !nding an international jurisprudential concept that can 1) address the violence enacted upon the non-human, 2) limit the unfettered mastery of humans, 3) acknowledge the material as a legal subject as well as 4) materiality as a causal agent in both the existence of life and matter domination, 5) recognize material communities and 6) and encourage narratives that inform this value shift.

One challenge is the relationship between science and law. Science does not include a normative structure of violence, for this is the domain of the humanities, of law and language. However in the same way forensic science informs criminal law, sustainability science allows the introduction of a language (nomos) around the notion of material violence in order to locate the varying limit points (thresholds) that don’t currently exist. Material violence is the abuse of force directed by the agency of human subjects and their creations (state/corporation). Abuse can be calculated by calls to science and the narrative/nomos of a#ected material communities, and by naming the juridical limits of states or corporate entities to penetrate and appropriate the material. It does not include the break and separation of mutually co-constitutive relations between materials and humans, or between matter itself, which ‘occurs naturally’. Rather it the abusive forced breakage of these co-constitutive relationships by human agency. In law, this force needs to have caused calculable damage. For damages to "ow from law

20 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance the victim needs to be seen, calculated and recognised before the law which is where a science, such as sustainability science, can interpret facts within a normative framework provided by law. Science gives entities voice against violence in law.

What does the introduction of material violence into law mean on the ground? Immediately, it means that redevelopment projects in the aftermath of disasters with an anthropogenic element the international community and nation states must examine if material violence contributed to the event and produce regulations that address it. Consequently disaster mitigation and limitations of future violence become mandatory mutual considerations preventative of future violence. Also, as material violence is not restricted to raw materials, the primitive sites of extraction, the introduction of laws that limit material violence and human violence through the global economic supply chain also become a subject of enquiry. The unjust treatment of processed materials, de!ned both by science and norms, is part of the global justice challenge as much as the destruction of eco-systems. Therefore this shift needs to have international legal consequences that match the structural movements of global capital, otherwise those least likely to absorb the consequences of the law will feel its harshest e#ects.

There are numerous consequences for the growth in legally understanding material violence, but generally it shifts sustainability from being an economic determined concept, as in the sustenance of the global capital system, into the prospect of being increasingly based upon immediate and equitable livelihoods and the direct relationship between the environment and humans in supportive communities guided by the dialogue between science and values. Like the social contract, we cannot limit the destruction humans enact upon the world unless we grapple with violence and its consequences. This is the heart of governance and law: the regulation of violence to enable "ourishing communities.

Bronwyn LAY LLB, BA (PhD Candidate)

Bronwyn Lay is an Australian lawyer, writer and communications consultant. She is currently a PhD candidate at the European Graduate School under the supervision of Prof Catherine Malabou. Her thesis traces the erasure of material jurisprudence and posits possibilities for the inclusion of nature within law. She is actively engaged with several NGO’s and citizens groups advocating for the rights of nature within her home of Europe and internationally. Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 21 The role of integrated of socio-environmental modeling in policy support: cases studies in tropical deltas

ABSTRACT A large proportion of delta populations experience extremes of poverty and are severely vulnerable or exposed to vulnerability from environmental and ecological Craig HUTTON PhD stress and degradation. The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) Delta is one of the world’s most signi!cant deltas: the Bangladesh coastal fringe of this delta, de!ned by the Indian border, Khulna, and the Meghna is selected as the case study. It is characterised by densely populated coastal lowlands with signi!cant poverty, supported to a large extent by natural ecosystems such as the Sunderbans (the largest mangrove forest in the world). There is severe development pressure due to the rapidly growing city of Khulna and indirectly due to urban expansion elsewhere (eg Dhaka). Rural livelihoods are inextricably linked with the natural ecosystems and low income farmers are extremely vulnerable to changes in ES. Their health, wellbeing and !nancial security is under threat from many directions eg unreliable supplies of clean water, increasing salinisation of soils, and arsenic contaminated groundwater. In the worst case, high rates of global SLR, local subsidence and sediment starvation caused by dam construction on the major rivers could result in large areas of the delta being converted to a shallow sea.

The University of Southampton leads and international Consortia of 24 partners looking at the relationship between ecosystem services and poverty (ESPA – Ecosystem services and Poverty Alleviation) in Bangladesh. Using the Ecosystem Services (ES) of river deltas as a case study with highly generic and transferable outcomes, the project aims to identify policy relevant future scenarios of the impacts of policy interventions on both sustainable environmental management and poverty. The talk will focus upon the work"ow adopted to optimise the stakeholder input to the development of a systems based integrated model allowing for the exploration of socio-environmental policy interventions on the delta front.

Craig HUTTON PhD

Dr. Hutton’s research, applied research & consultancy focus lies at the intersection between the environment and social implications of environmental/climate change and management for sustainable development. This socio-environmental research emphasises the coordination of spatial data handling and the management/policy/governance implications of climate change/ environmental vulnerability of communities, land cover and earth observation in decision- making support systems. Dr Hutton is a lead author and research coordinator for ESPA Deltas and DECCMA project looking at links between poverty and ecosystem services in coastal and Delta systems Bangladesh (£4m + £8.5m) and is currently in negotiations to conduct similar work internationally across the Ganges basin (£8m) as well as having lead socio-environmental survey project inputs dealing with the integration of environmental and socio-environmental data in South Africa, Malawi, Ethiopia, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Tanzania, Libya, Vietnam, Bhutan, and developing strategic programs in catchment management in the Philippines (BC) and assessing poverty and environment in Central Asia (Azerbaijan, Tajikistan & Kazakhstan – World Bank. Email: [email protected] 22 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Local Wisdom, Risk Resilience and Adaptation

More than 1.6 billion people have been a#ected by disasters in East Asia and Paci!c since 2000 (EM-DAT 2012). In 2011, disaster losses amounted to $380 billion. East Asia sustained 80% of these losses in the !rst nine months. Disasters can push a#ected households further into debt, with the poor carrying the greatest debt burden.

A science that responds to need and sustainability is required to reduce disaster risks. As 75% of vulnerable populations in coastal zones come from Asia, disaster risk reduction initiatives tend to be focused usually on urban non-dispersed populations along "ood ways. Little is known about how climatic meteorological events are a#ecting the rural context. Small-scale landslides in rural areas are becoming commonplace along the path of meteorological events. This concern warrants urgent especially since it raises questions of food security, especially given existing land use patterns and agricultural practices on the ground.

A study found that every $1 spent on mitigation saved countries $3 - $4.1 (WB, 2013). Hazard mitigation is most e#ective when based on inclusive, long-term planning developed before a disaster strikes. Restoring natural ecosystems can be more cost-e#ective than engineered solutions.

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 23 Even Without the Storm: The XU DRRM Story ABSTRACT Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan (XU), the !rst Jesuit educational institution to become a university in the Philippines, has always been actively responding to the needs of the region, particularly in . Other than its primary mission of training students in all levels of the educational system, XU has also been doing breakthrough researches that are signi!cant to the region’s development. The outreach Engr. Dexter S. LO programs of the university are institutionally coupled with researches to address issues with scholarly technical analysis and deep sense of discernment as a manifestation of social apostolate inspired by the Ignatian tradition.

Since the 1990’s, XU has been involved in various disaster-response operations – organizing networks of donors and delivering relief goods to disaster-stricken communities. Recently, XU sent a multi-disciplinary team for a special mission to selected areas in Visayas a#ected by the deadly Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan). The team is composed of medical doctors, psychologists, engineers, journalists and volunteers coming from various units of the university, exemplifying a truly competency-based response to disasters.

Through the years, the university’s disaster-related activities evolved to more proactive approaches. In 2008, XU partnered with local government units (the city and a pilot village) in developing methodologies for disaster risk assessment for various hazards. When Tropical Storm Sendong (Washi) hit the city in 2011, Xavier University served as a hub for both scienti!c analysis of the disaster as well as for various relief and rehabilitation operations. XU also partnered with the city government and various local and international donors in providing new homes for more than 500 families who survived the "ood. Various community building and sustainable livelihood programs have been introduced and integrated to this new community called Xavier Ecoville.

To date, XU is a member of the Regional, Provincial, and City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (DRRMC). It is also working closely with the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) in: assisting 36 riverside barangays to come up with their DRRM Plans, and training local planning o$cers and DRRM o$cers on GIS to e#ectively integrate DRR-CCA in their land use plans and development programs.

Xavier University is also currently gearing up on various researches and training modules to advocate for disaster risk reduction, particularly on the onset of a changing climate. Current programs include: Training for Trainers for Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and Government Line Agencies (GLAs) on DRR-CCA commissioned by the Philippine’s Climate Change Commission; DRRM Training-Workshop for Public School Teachers jointly sponsored by the Department of Education (DepEd), the O$ce of Civil Defense (OCD) and private donor institutions; and formal integration of DRRM courses to the curriculum in selected graduate and undergraduate courses.

Engr. Dexter S. LO

Dexter S. Lo is the Founding Director of the Xavier University Engineering Resource Center (XU ERC). He teaches in the Civil Engineering Department and in the Master of Engineering Program. He also serves as lecturer on Disaster Risk Management in the Dr. J. P. School of Medicine and in the Southeast Asia Rural Social Leadership Institute (SEARSOLIN). He is currently the Coordinator of the XU DRRM Program.

24 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Prof Dex is an active member of various professional organizations serving as: Region-10 Chair for the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines; Member of the Board of Directors for the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (Mis.Or.-CDO Chapter); Volunteer and National Committee Member of the Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness Strategies Task Force; and Member of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance, among others. He has also been appointed as Member of the Regional Land Use Committee of the Regional Development Council for Region-10. He also represents Xavier University in the Regional, Provincial, and City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils.

His engagements include: active participation to the Network of Urban Future in Southeast Asia (ForUm); Technical Coordinator for the Clean Air for Smaller Cities Projects (Cagayan de Oro City– Xavier University); Project Coordinator for area and resource mapping, and engineering designs of appropriate rain-shelter and irrigation technologies for farmers in Bukidnon and Claveria (Philippines); Technical Consultant of Project EMPOWERinG; and Regional Coordinator for the Bantay Lansangan (Road Watch) Project for multi- stakeholder partnership on good governance through roads management. Recently, he has served as Resource Person for the Philippine Cities and Climate Change Adaptation Project of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) and United Nations Human Settlements Programme (Habitat). Email: [email protected]

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 25 A Method on Village-level Disaster Risk Assessment: Empowering Communities Towards Resilience Building

ABSTRACT The Carmen Disaster Risk Assessment Project is a pilot study to test and develop a method in assessing "ood risks at the village-level in Northern Mindanao. Barangay Joseph M. LABRADOR Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City is selected as the pilot site for the study for its topography, varied landscape, and for being prone to "ood hazard as it is located along the Cagayan River. The assessment objective was to identify the characteristics that can be improved to decrease vulnerability to "ood of the identi!ed areas in the village using community-based participatory approach. This paper presents the method and results of the process.

A Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment (PDRA) was designed using community resource mapping and project improved tools to better understand local’s perceptions of "ood hazard, people and places at-risk, vulnerabilities and risk coping mechanisms. It included activities such as consultations, community mapping, hazard pro!ling, exposure and vulnerability assessment, data processing, and validation, distributed into three major stages: pre-assessment, assessment and post-assessment. The framework for investigating vulnerability to "ood has been based on Woodrow’s categorization of factors which include: socio-institutional arrangements, physical-material capacities, and attitudinal-motivational factors. The ESSC technical study of exposure factors and hazard characteristics complemented the PDRA outputs through integration of results. Geographic Information System (GIS) was also employed to interface PDRA-generated community spatial structures with technical maps.

The PDRA process enabled further localization of "ood risk assessment where residents categorized and prioritized risk factors at the smallest unit of the village - the Subzone. The PDRA allowed residents to identify and categorize risk factors under hazard (H), exposure (E) and vulnerability (V). Furthermore, it highlighted the interrelationships of H, E & V on the question about egress routes and early warning systems.

The study outcome is useful in three levels: (1) residents and governing authorities in planning to establish a disaster resilient community; (2) as a basis for the future evaluation of a disaster risk index (DRI); and (3) PDRA process as a method is useful for the local government units in conducting similar disaster risk assessments in other villages.

Joseph M. LABRADOR

Joseph M Labrador is a research coordinator at the Institute of Environmental Science and Social Change (ESSC) for the Institute’s Disaster Risk Resilience Program in Asia, focusing on community-based disaster risk assessment and assessment of safe relocation sites for post disaster victims in Mindanao and other regions of the Philippines. He is a candidate for MSc in Environmental Science and Technology at Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Email: [email protected]

26 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Local Wisdom in DRR and Peace Building Project Implementation Taka Nurdiana Gani and Elisabeth Huwa

ABSTRACT Jesuit Refugee Service Indonesia has implemented displacement prevention program Taka Nurdiana GANI in 15 villages in South Aceh in 2008 – 2011. The project’s target is improving village community’s resilience and capacity on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)1 integrated in village planning. The project started on July 1st 2008 and closed on December 31st 2011. Di#erent from other projects which focus on response to the refugee and IDPs, this project is a new initiative to approach the problem of displacement from DRR and con"ict prevention point of view integrated in community assistance. Some educational activities to enrich their capacity were also provided such as Training on DRR and Con"ict Management, Capacity Building in Emergency Preparedness System (EPS), and Training on Organic Farming for the village representation.

Within 3,5 years we have learned both from successful and unsuccessful stories in implementing the project. We have learned how to discover and share knowledge of sustaining both people and our environment and eventually improving skills and capacities of stakeholders. We should be aware of some interweaving elements involved in every success and failure such as economic, geo-politics and culture. The best lessons learned sometimes are derived from the failure we encountered.

The society has had local problem-solving mechanism and con"ict management at the village level, including its prevention mechanism using the common law. We should be aware that the mainstream of modernity cannot be merely accepted by the society at risk. Involving local institution’s capacity and local wisdom is a must because at some extend common law, such as rantuk ratus and Qanun – legal regulation governing the conduct and social life in Aceh – are not su$cient anymore in solving the complexity of the problems.

1The concept of disaster is derived from Law of the Republic Indonesia Number 24 of 2007 Concerning Disaster Management: Natural disaster (such as earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, "ood, drought, typhoon, and landslide), Nonnatural disaster (such as technological failure, modernization failure, and epidemic) and Social disaster (event or a series of events caused by humans, which include social con"icts between community groups, and terrorism).

Taka Nurdiana GANI

Taka Nurdiana Gani is currently the Project Coordinator of Befriend: Urban Asylum Seekers Project of Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) Indonesia. Before serving as the National Program O$cer of JRS Indonesia from 2008 to 2013, he has been working with the organization in other projects since 2003 as: peace building consultant for using Living Values Education Program in JRS Indonesia’s Peacebuilding Program using puppetry !lm media and puppets in 2008; !eld Leader in Kesui-Molucca and Yogyakarta in 2006; and, project o$cer for Education & Peacebuilding in Seram Island, Molluca for education relief assistance for internally displaced persons, mediating for reconciliation process, conducting workshop on Living Values Education (part of Peacebuilding activities) for networks in 2003. Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 27 Local Government Disaster Management and Response in Maydolong, Eastern Samar: From Preparedness to Recovery Henry AFABLE and Mariel DE JESUS

ABSTRACT Maydolong is a fourth-class municipality with 20 barangays (7 of which are Mayor Henry AFABLE barangays) and a population of about 14,000. Farming and !shing are the primary sources of livelihood in Maydolong. The experiences in Maydolong are an example of how local governance is a critical element in disaster risk reduction and management.

The municipal government of Maydolong has institutionalized its disaster management and response that has signi!cantly increased its capacity to adapt and cope with the realities of risk and vulnerability of Eastern Samar. The municipality has an organized disaster risk reduction and management council (DRRMC) at the municipal level and has organized committees down to the barangay level. This has allowed the LGU to keep the communities informed on disaster risks and this has resulted in an improved capacity to prepare and respond. Early warning and evacuation was instrumental in the local government’s strategy. Maydolong was not among the municipalities hardest hit by the storm, although about 400 houses were totally damaged. The municipality su#ered no casualties.

Maydolong is now beginning the transition into the rehabilitation and recovery phase and faces the same challenges as in other Yolanda-a#ected areas: rebuilding houses and relocating communities into safer areas, identifying and enforcing the no-build zones, and improving their land use plans.

Mayor Henry AFABLE

Henry Afable is on his second term as the municipal mayor of Maydolong, Eastern Samar. Prior to this, he served as the Provincial Planning and Development O$cer of the provincial government of Eastern Samar for about 16 years. During his term, the municipal government of Maydolong was awarded a Seal of Good Housekeeping in 2011. Under his leadership and prior disaster preparedness planning throughout the municipality, Maydolong had zero-casualty during Typhoon Yolanda. Email: [email protected]

28 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Participatory mapping and LGU decision support tools for Disaster Risk Reduction Emmanuel SAMBALE and Dianne Charmaine BENCITO

ABSTRACT The Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC), in partnership with the World Bank’s East Asia Paci!c (EAP) Disaster Risk Management portfolio, the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the OpenStreetMap Philippine (OSM- Emmanuel SAMBALE PH) community implemented a six month project on “Participatory mapping and LGU decision support tools for Disaster Risk Reduction” in three municipalities in (Candaba, Lubao ands Guagua). The project focused on supporting the local government units (LGUs) to prepare/formulate risk-sensitive land-use plans, structural audits of public infrastructure and disaster contingency plans, through the use of OpenStreetMap data, tools and other free and open source software.

The project provided the LGUs the technical capacity to produce their own detailed geographic data, however, much work is needed both in data collection, management and analysis, as well as, its institutional and organizational capacity to fully maximize the geographic information system developed in order to support the information needs of its disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives.

This paper presents initial outcomes of the project in building a detailed basemap for the municipalities to support its DRR initiatives. It will also discuss ways forward for the partner municipalities.

Emmanuel SAMBALE

Emmanuel “Maning” Sambale is a Geomatics Associate of Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC) in Manila. He supports various mapping research of the institute in the areas of capacity building, forest cover and disaster risk reduction. He is also an active community member of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation and OpenStreetMap Philippines. Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 29 Strengthening Community-led Shelter Initiatives and Local Governance to Address Housing Needs of Informal Settler Families Villa Mae LIBUTAQUE and Dallay ANNAWI

ABSTRACT The Philippine Alliance, comprising Homeless Peoples Federation Philippines (HPFPI) Arch. Villa Mae LIBUTAQUE and the Philippine Action for Community-led Shelter Initiatives (PACSII), promotes a community-led process in organizing urban poor/informal settler families (ISFs) to address their lack of land tenure security over the private or government-owned lands they are informally occupying, and lack of safe housing as many of them either were displaced during past disasters or are living in high-risk areas.

HPFP’s main strategy in community organizing is savings. Low-income families are encouraged to save to build up their !nancial resources for them to acquire land (on-site or o#-site, or local government sites) and to plan and implement their site development and housing projects. As a community-led process, the association members make the important decisions in acquiring a property. In support of this community-led approach, the Technical Assistance Movement for People and the Environment, Inc (TAMPEI, a member of the Philippine Alliance), a group of young professionals – mostly architects – providing technical assistance to HPFPI in their community-led housing and site development projects, is facilitating a participatory process with community associations in the preparation and implementation of their site development plans, housing designs or re-blocking plans.

However, a comprehensive assessment of the susceptibility of the properties to landslide, "ooding and other hazards that community associations acquired or were provided by the local government units for their relocation or housing sites is missing in the site selection process. As a result, there are critical "ooding, landslide and other hazard issues in a number of the sites. TAMPEI recognizes the need to strengthen the Philippine Alliance’s capacity in conducting site assessment as a critical component of integrated housing development. To broaden TAMPEI’s knowledge and skills in conducting environmental risk assessment and to integrate this aspect in the community associations’ site selection and planning, the Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC) facilitated training for TAMPEI through !eld-based learning starting in June 2013. The partnership builds on ESSC’s partnership with HPFPI starting in 2009.

Part of the Philippine Alliance’s strategy is to form city-wide or provincial federations of the community associations and to establish strategic partnerships with the city or municipal government units where the associations are located. This allows the federations to bring their concerns to the LGUs. In some LGUs, the federations helped in reviving the local housing boards. One consideration that needs to be raised with some partner LGUs is the need to ensure that the sites they are providing as relocation of ISFs are in safe areas.

The Philippine Alliance is also partnering with universities to introduce community- led process in planning and implementing housing and site development, and to invite architecture and engineering students as volunteer-interns in the Federation’s projects. Another important resource partner that the Philippine Alliance needs to be engaging with is the regional o$ces of the Mines and Geosciences Bureau and research organizations undertaking site assessment.

30 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Arch. Villa Mae LIBUTAQUE

Villa Mae “Vhal” Lubitaque has been working as a community architect for urban poor community associations that are members of the Homeless Peoples Federation Philippines, Inc (HPFPI) and its network federations. She is the National Coordinator of Technical Assistance Movement for People and Environment, Inc. (TAMPEI), a group of young professionals (mostly architects) providing technical assistance to HPFPI and its NGO partner, Philippine Action for Community‐led Shelter Initiative, Inc. (PACSII). TAMPEI is also an active member of the Community Architects Network (CAN), a regional network of community architects, planners and young professionals in 17 countries in Asia, which is currently implementing city-wide upgrading and mapping of informal settlers in key cities in the Philippines. Email: [email protected]

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 31 Rainfall hazard and "ood risk in the Cagayan River watershed: Understanding volume, intensity and accumulation to reduce disaster risk

ABSTRACT On December 16, 2011, Tropical Storm Sendong brought rain concentrated in the lower Wilhelmina CLAVANO PhD watershed of the Cagayan River. Rainfall volume and intensity were not very unusual, but the distribution at the height of the storm and accumulation over the previous 10 days indicated the potential for severe "ooding. Residents of Barangay Carmen along the river can use readily available local weather information, combined with national forecasts and community initiatives, aided by local government to support a more comprehensive early warning system to reduce "ood risk. Frequency analysis of rainfall distribution reveals Sendong’s higher return periods compared with that of Typhoon Pablo in December 4 the following year. It is relevant to ask how rainfall patterns are changing in northern Mindanao with respect to variabilities in climate a#ected by the El Niño and Southern Oscillation phenomenon and by the strength and location of the tropical rain belt. Climate forecasts are still not an easy exercise, let alone downscaled for local planning, so future risk to "ood can only be estimated. It is well to be aware that the IPCC has agreed that in the wet tropics, rainfall volume will change little in the long term but storm intensities are likely to increase. This suggests concentrated rainfall. Analysis of the succession of rain events at short intervals that can cause ground saturation and therefore have a cumulative e#ect needs to be studied for areas that have "ood risk. Flood risk also exists during periods of drought because parched earth has a decreased absorption capacity. A study determining the extremes of too much rain or too little rain will help identify what is considered normal in a region, which may be useful in land and water management.

Wilhelmina CLAVANO PhD

Wendy Clavano is a research scientist working with the Institute of Environmental Science for Social Change. Her current work involves looking at rainfall as a trigger for hydrometeorological disasters and how an understanding of changing patterns and climate e#ects that a#ect natural hazards can inform local planning and environmental management as well as reduce risk. Wendy is primarily a remote sensing scientist and returns to ESSC after a PhD at Cornell University and further training in snow and ice research with the University of Alberta and the University of Canterbury. Email: [email protected] 32 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Bene!ts of international migrations for socio- ecological resilience of rural households in the home country Prof. Sabine Henry PhD , Fabrice Demoulin and Raúl Vanegas

ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to analyse the e#ects of migration on the factors of Prof. Sabine HENRY PhD ecological resilience at the household level in two Ecuadorian provinces with a focus on three communities. The attributes of resilience that are treated here are: the diversity of interrelations (with redundancy of supply chains.), the tight feedbacks loops which control ecosystem services, the modularity seen as the ability to maintain its vital activities with local resources in case of systemic shock and the connectivity as the ability to trade at larger scales to cope with local systemic shocks. We assume that the whole interactions between socio-ecological systems and the rural households are modi!ed by the departure of at least one of its member to abroad: decrease of the workforce, remittances, transfers of knowledges. The sources of data used are the census of INEC (2011), a qualitative survey (2010) and a quantitative survey (2011). Statistical tests are realized at the household level. We observe strong links between migration and left-behinds’ lifestyle. These links appear in favour of a clear di#erentiation of left-behinds in terms on the ecological resilience: more diversity of sources of consumption, more connectivity but also a loss of modularity and therefore less resilience to shocks at the global scale.

Prof. Sabine HENRY PhD

The research line of Professor Sabine Henry (Geography, University of Namur, Belgium) is the interaction between environment and migration at the household or individual -level. In West Africa, she provided one of the rare empirical evidences on the e#ects of drought on migration. In Ecuador, she focuses on the environmental bene!ts of the international migration for the home country. In the Philippines, she tries to provide an in-depth understanding of the links between migration, vulnerability, land use and water management. Sabine Henry was a member of the Steering committee of the Population and Environment Research Network (2008-2011) and more recently, she became a member of the scienti!c panel on the Impact of Internal Migration in Developing Countries of the International Union for the Scienti!c Study of Population. Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 33 Assessing the e$cacy of social vulnerability measurements through the impacts of disasters

ABSTRACT Measuring vulnerability is increasingly regarded as an important component of e#ective disaster risk reduction and building resilience. Vulnerability assessments Jose Andres IGNACIO can give a presentation of levels of vulnerability of communities using indicators and indexes, though post disaster assessment can provide a means of validating the e$cacy of an index in portraying the di#erential vulnerability of populations to certain hazards. The primary objective of this paper is to assess the e#ectiveness of a census- based social vulnerability index (SVI) developed for the Philippine context in depicting di#erential vulnerability of "ood exposed communities by validating the SVI results against an actual "ood disaster triggered by Tropical Storm Washi on 16 December 2011 in terms of loss and damage incurred in Iligan City, Philippines.

A GIS-based model is used to identify villages exposed to "ooding while raw census data is used to derive an SVI based on indicators suggested by the literature. Comprehensive "ood impact data provided by Iligan City is analyzed using regression tools to determine if SVI scores can predict the outcomes of loss and damage in this particular hazard context.

Jose Andres IGNACIO (PhD Candidate)

Andres has been interested in environmental work since he !nished his Bachelor’s degree in Interdisciplinary Studies from the Ateneo de Manila University. In the 90s he obtained an MSc degree in Water Resources Management from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and in 2001 he received a diplôme d’études approfondies in Agronomy and Bioengineering (major in geomatics and remote sensing) from the Université catholique de Louvain. He is currently pursuing a doctorate in Geography from the University of Namur which is focused on assessing social vulnerability to climate change extremes using census data. His interests revolve around the convergence and the interplay between human and physical systems and the challenges that ensue in relation to management. He is currently the Director for Planning at the ESSC and lives in Malaybalay City with his extraordinary wife, Ching, and his four lovely kids, Miguel, Paolo, Marielle, and Alexa. Email: [email protected]. 34 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Youth and Values Formation

Asia Paci!c is home to 45% of the world’s youth, amounting to around 700 million young people (UNESCAP, 2012). Signi!cant numbers of youth across the region face a variety of obstacles in their access to employment, education, health care, and other resources. Transition between education and employment is one of the main obstacles facing youth of the region, especially those from Southeast Asia and Paci!c. Youth often remain at the margins with regard to participation in the creation of development policies.

The most signi!cant challenge facing the region is the transition from education to the labour market. While formal education is important, in Asia, traditional apprenticeships and on-the-job training appear to be the more prevalent routes toward workforce skills development among the majority of youth. Young people account for almost half of the jobless population in Asia and the Paci!c, in spite of the fact that merely one in !ve workers is between the ages of 15 and 24. In Southeast Asia and Paci!c, the unemployment rate among young people is up to !ve times the adult rate. As a consequence of such limited opportunities and widespread poverty, growing numbers of disa#ected youth are being associated with issues of human insecurity, including an escalation in urban crime, outbursts of ethnic violence, and political unrest.

Sustainability science calls us to bring in people who will face the impacts of climate change, and these are the youth. Youth have a contribution to make and they need to be engaged now. This is necessary for us to build a science that is relevant for the next generation, i.e. coming from human relationships and not just simply coming from how the economy is organized. The challenge now is how to engage and communicate with youth so that they can experience a calling and not just a career.

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 35 Youth and Values Education: An Australian Jesuit education case study

ABSTRACT In Australian schools particularly over the past nearly ten years, there has been an emphasis placed on teaching values. The compulsory Australian Curriculum has mandated a set of values that must be incorporated into all areas of school life. In addition, it has outlined three cross-curriculum priorities: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures; Asia and Australia’s engagement with Asia and Sustainability. Each school is expected to report on how these values and cross- curriculum priorities are treated across the school when the school seeks registration.

Jennie HICKEY The role of the teacher is crucial to values education. No education is values-neutral because implicitly and explicitly values are transmitted during any interaction between students and teachers. Teachers transmit their own values in a classroom by the way they attend to the task of teaching and at all times by the way they interact with their students and what they communicate. There is scope to give more emphasis to the intrinsic values sta# bring to their work place. In some of our Jesuit schools in Australia, processes have been established that attended to this issue.

The international works of the Jesuits across many areas of society o#ers a narrative that enhances the promotion of core values education, and the unique Jesuit education system encourages deeper analysis of contemporary and critical issues and the use of imagination as a means of solving problems. Jesuit schools in Australia are expected to show evidence of how information of this narrative is communicated to the school community. In addition to the public registration that all schools undertake, the Jesuit Schools Commission has recently developed an Ethos and Identity Review Instrument to ensure that Jesuit schools are ful!lling their mission. The tool asks schools to report on !ve lens: its mission, formations, programs in practice, global networking and achieving current Province Goals.

Curriculum and extra-curriculum programs have been developed and implemented in Jesuit schools across Australia that explicitly promote the characteristics of Jesuit education, and the values education and cross-curriculum priorities that are outlined in the Government developed Australian curriculum. Immersions and exposure activities both nationally and internationally, have been designed to provide opportunities for intellectual, moral, religious, emotional and socio-political development. The impact of these experiences has been remarkable with both immediate and long-term e#ects occurring not only for the students but with sta# and parents also.

Of more recent times, a network of sta# has been formed who meet and share regularly about their initiatives with ecology and sustainable practices that have been implemented in the schools. Working collaboratively, this group has been able to have a much greater impact on raising awareness and developing e#ective strategies for Jesuit schools across Australia in the area of Reconciliation with Creation. Student involvement is becoming much more substantial and there is much opportunity to further explore ways for schools to improve youth communications and linkages for greater socio-environmental understanding.

Jennie HICKEY

Jennie is currently the Delegate for Social Ministries and Special Projects and Assistant Delegate for Education in the Australian Jesuit province. She has nearly 30 years of experience in Secondary education in the areas of Mathematics and Religious Education. She has worked in Executive positions for !fteen years, and has developed curriculum and outreach programs that align with core Catholic Social Teachings and Jesuit Education values. Jennie has a Masters in Administrational Leadership and a Masters in Theology. Email: [email protected] 36 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Learning to Translate Values into the Language of Youth

ABSTRACT

How to communicate with youth, regarding values regarding the health of the world? The main issue here is “communication”: communication of values and communication about values. It is about language. There is a three-step language-based process to launch: 1st step: identify values: how do we express the values we would like to share and communicate/communicate about? Christian NDOKI SJ 2nd step: identify the language of youth: what is the language of youth here and now? 3rd step: translate the values in the language of youth: can we translate these values in the language of youth? Most of the time, we struggle to share values in a language which is not understandable for the youth. We need to translate these values in a more understandable language. This is the pedagogy of Jesus Christ himself: he speaks the language of the people. That is why he uses parables and stories. One of the outcomes of this three-step process might be to discover that some of the values already exist in the language of youth. Another possible outcome might be that youth have their own values that are compatible with the “traditional” values. To implement this process, it is necessary to train “translators,” people who will learn the language of youth, translate the values into this language and begin a dialogue with youth. This “translators” will have to accompany youth in the discovery of their own identity and responsibility, using the traditional values and today’s values and language. Language of youth in DR Congo, for instance, is a language of images, sounds, music, symbols, love, and heroes. They understand a language of responsibility and not threats. In Congo-Kinshasa, late bishop Matondo kwa Nzambi founded the “Bilenge Ya Mwinda” (in Lingala,“Youth of Light”), a movement of Youth intending to transmit ancestral values using the language of youth. It involves parents as well as pastors as educators, following the instructions of Vatican II: “Pastors have the very grave obligation to do all in their power to ensure that Christian education is enjoyed by the young who are the hope of the Church.” And “The role of parents in education is of such importance that it is almost impossible to provide an adequate substitute.” The movement of Bilenge ya Mwinda, also takes into account the fact that, “young people need people who walk by their side but who also are convinced that young people have their own legs.” In other words, it involves young people in their own formation. In the Center for Agriculture and Ecology of Iniangi where I do work, I am trying to use the same approach to engage youth: learn their language and translate the values into this language.

1Vatican II, Gravissimum Educationis, # 2. 2Vatican II, Gravissimum Educationis, # 3. 3Elena Rastello, Youth Challenge, (Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa, 2004), 56.

Jean-Christian NDOKI NDIMBA SJ

Jean-Christian Ndoki Ndimba, 37, is a Jesuit Priest from DR Congo (Kinshasa). He studied Philosophy in DRC (Canisius Kimwenza), Theology in Kenya (Hekima College) and Tropical Agriculture in France (Catholic University of Lille and SupAgro Montpellier). He worked in various development projects in India, Colombia and Guinea. He is currently in charge of setting up a center for Agriculture, Ecology and Development (CEFAPE, Hemuna, DRC). He is a member of the Global Ignatian Advocacy Network (GIAN) Ecology, a worldwide network of Jesuit working in ecological issues. Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 37 Tuén hu Uyag: Learning and Living Arnel SANTANDER and Pedro WALPOLE SJ

ABSTRACT For people and communities to truly grow, we recognize today the importance of basic needs being met but also that education and roads to markets alone are not enough. The greatest global challenge might be considered environmental but it is also youth unemployment. Youth today need skills and the capacities to be participative in a market that needs to be more socially and economically inclusive granting greater Arnel SANTANDER security of livelihood.

Tuén hu Uyag: Learning and Living is a programme that seeks to respond to the need to build capacity of youth, particularly in Upper Pulangi, Mindanao. The focus is on developing skills of the youth for livelihood, and also building their capacity for thinking, planning and management to assist them in living a sustainable life.

This paper seeks to present the integrated learning and living programme in Upper Pulangi, hosted by the Culture and Ecology Center in Bendum, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Mindanao. A wholistic programme is presented to the youth, which o#ers core and theme classes for:

t Personal growth t Technical skills t Social dynamic skills t Leadership for contributing to social structures

This is a programme that is beginning though lacking many resources open to input and creative engagement.

Arnel SANTANDER

Arnel Santander is a Project Manager of Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC). He is currently assigned in the Culture and Ecology Center in Bendum. Email: [email protected]

38 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Development, Values and Youth: Some theoretical and practical considerations

ABSTRACT In this paper, my purpose is to underline the place values hold in development policies and to question the importance of the role of youth in development program. My argument is threefold.

First, I argue that, a development policy is never neutral but always value-laden. Prof. Stéphane LEYENS PhD Development policies have been mostly designed according to the utilitarist paradigm, which aims at eschewing value judgment and claims to provide an objective and universal conception of development and prosperity. Yet the concepts of development, poverty and prosperity are ethical concepts: they necessarily imply value judgments. In this sense, being committed to a development policy means being committed to speci!c values, which should be critically assessed.

Second, I discuss the fundamentals of a development theory that gives its due importance to value judgments: Sen’s Capability Approach. For the last thirty years Indian economist (and political philosopher) Amartya Sen has elaborated a development theory (and a theory of social justice) that di#erentiates itself from utilitarism. According to Sen, income and GNP are important means of development but not its end. Development and prosperity should be assessed in terms of the real opportunity people have to ful!l the project of life they have reason to value. At the heart of development thinking one !nds the issue of valued life plan.

Third, I explain how Sen’s theory can be concretely applied in a development program and why value judgments are of decisive importance in implementing development projects. To this end, I brie"y present an action-research I conducted in Tamil Nadu (India) that aimed at improving the quality of life of Dalit (untouchable) community in two multi-caste villages. Through a participatory approach (PRA), valued conceptions of the quality of life were investigated and a development action was decided accordingly, involving youth. Based on this !eld experience, I !nally discuss some arguments in defence of the importance to involve youth in development policies re"ection.

Prof. Stephane LEYENS PhD

Stéphane Leyens is Associate Professor at the Department of Sciences, Philosophies and Societies, University of Namur (Belgium). He holds a PhD in Philosophy and a MSc in Biology. His research interests include development ethics and intercultural dimensions of social justice. He is conducting development programs in India and in Peru. He recently published Le médecin qui soignait les postes de radio. Essais sur l’ethnocentrisme critique de M. Singleton (Presses Universitaires de Namur, 2013) and contributed to the book Rede!ning Prosperity (Cassiers I. (ed.), Routledge, 2014, forthcoming). Email: [email protected]

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 39 Youth and Values

ABSTRACT A model of engagement and values promotion with disengaged young people (with multiple and complex needs):

Jesuit Social Services is a community change organisation in Australia with nearly 40 years experience working with young people experiencing signi!cant personal and structural barriers to their social and economic inclusion. We work with people Julie EDWARDS contending with multiple and complex problems connected with, for example, their involvement in the criminal justice system, their intellectual disability, their mental health and alcohol/drug problems, homelessness, chaotic lifestyles. Most of the young people we work with have a history of being excluded from school and are not engaged in training or work. Many have little hope for their futures. Jesuit Social Services has developed an organisational way of proceeding which seeks to build social and ecological justice into and across the three key domains of its activity - the human spirit, the practice framework and the business processes. Critical to our practice framework is our understanding that all people are relational, seek meaning and purpose in their lives, are part of family, community and the broader society ETC (I’ll add more here...).

We have developed a way of working that re"ects this understanding - VALUE - Valuing self and others. A$rming goals and aspirations, Linking into support, Utilising skills and capacities, Enhancing civic participation.

We understand that many of those most in need are not ‘help seekers’ searching out assistance but, due to a series of experiences of exclusion, are in fact disengaged, requiring us to be proactive in seeking them out and persistent in our e#orts to build relationships. Many of the people we work with are at least ‘non compliant’ in relation to service interventions and a number are hostile to e#orts to engage or assist them. Our way of working is predicated on these understandings.

Until recent years our service outreach and engagement to individuals and communities focused on social but not ecological justice. Increasingly we are incorporating that lens over all our activity.

This presentation will give a brief outline of the Jesuit Social Services’ way of proceeding, will spell out our way of working in our interventions (what works and what doesn’t) and will share our !rst e#orts to include ecological justice as a focus in this activity as a way of engaging and working with young people and building their capacity to contribute as e#ective citizens in our community.

It will touch on the question of how important are values in the course of life, how are they developed/nurtured, and what prompts a change in values. The presentation will explore the link between ‘living our values’ and ‘sharing our values’; and share experiences on endeavouring to make environmental issues relevant to young people who may have other (sometimes more concrete) priorities.

Julie EDWARDS

Julie Edwards joined Jesuit Social Services in 2001. She was the Program Director prior to her appointment as CEO in June 2004. Julie has over 35 years experience engaging with marginalised people and families experiencing breakdown and trauma. She is a social worker, family therapist and a grief and loss counsellor. Julie has a Masters in Social Work and is currently completing her doctorate in this discipline. In January 2010 Julie became a Graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors. Email: [email protected] 40 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance Values, Attitudes and Behaviors of the Filipino Youth: Evidence from the Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Studies

ABSTRACT Using data from the series of Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality (YAFS) Studies conducted by the University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) and the Grace T. CRUZ PHD Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF), the paper explores various dimensions of the Filipino youth’s values, attitudes and behaviour with the end of providing updated evidence to better understanding this important sector of the population. The YAFS is a series of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys on Filipino youth conducted in 1982, 1994, 2002 and 2013. The data series is the only survey of young people that is nationally and regionally representative covering a wide range of topics.

The paper provides a pro!le of young people ages 15-24 in terms of their socio- economic and demographic characteristics including education level, marital status, urban exposure, religion and religiosity among others. Indicators of their family context, family structure, socialization and connectedness measured in terms of the main person(s) who raised them from birth to age 18, whether or not their parents are currently living together, and how well they get along well with their parents are explored. Young people’s values, self-esteem and level of satisfaction with their life in general using various indicators collected in the study are likewise explored. The analysis highlights certain risk behaviours currently experienced by young Filipinos including smoking, drinking, drug use, exposure to violence, suicide ideation and suicide attempt and the extent to which these behaviors vary across di#erent sectors of the population.

Whenever data will allow, trend analysis will be presented. Analysis will be provided by age group (15-19, 20-24) and by sex (male and female). A brief demographic pro!le of the Filipino youth based on the Philippine decennial census in the last 50 years i.e. for the period 1960-2010 will also be presented to provide the context of the youth sector in the country.

Prof. Grace T. CRUZ PhD

Grace T. Cruz is a professor of Demography at the Population Institute, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines (Diliman). She received her Ph. D. in Sociology, her M.A. degree in Demography with Ford Foundation Fellowship grant and B. S. Statistics (cum laude) from the University of the Philippines (Diliman). She completed a 9-month diploma course in Population and Development at the Institute of Social Studies at the Hague, Netherlands. Prof. Cruz has been involved in various research projects particularly in the areas of the aging of the population, youth and adolescent issues. Her other areas of expertise include Technical Demography, Research methods and other Population and Development issues. She has authored several articles and disseminated her research !ndings both in the country and abroad. Prof. Cruz is concurrently the Chairperson of the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, Inc. (DRDF) and the President of the Philippine Population Association (PPA). Email: [email protected] Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 41 Xavier University School of Education: Youth and Values Formation

ABSTRACT By law, the poor in the Philippines are de!ned as “individuals and families whose income fall below the poverty threshold as de!ned by the National Economic and Eric VELANDRIA SJ PhD Development Authority and/or cannot a#ord in a sustained manner to provide their minimum basic needs of food, health, education, housing and other amenities of life” (Republic of the Philippines House of Representatives). If a family of !ve wants to get out and stay out of poverty, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) estimates it needs P258.96 per day. This is equivalent to an average income of P7,768.80 per month or, P93,225.60 per year (Ordinario, 2013).

In a presentation last September, 2013 before members of Synergeia Foundation, economist Solita Monsod presented data which revealed poverty as a rural phenomenon; 78.1% of total poverty nationwide was experienced in rural settings. Poverty was also found to be an agricultural phenomenon with 61.4% of the total poor engaged in agriculture. Majority (52.6%) of the poor were either self-employed or work in a family operated farm or business. Poverty incidence was also found to increase with family size. Nationwide, 68.8% of the total poor were those whose heads of households have at most an elementary education.

The Catholic Church has a well-documented tradition on care for “the least of these” (Matthew 25: 31-46). In his 2005 encyclical entitled, God is Love (Deus Caritas Est), Pope Benedict XVI pointed out that “the Church cannot neglect the service of charity any more than she can neglect the Sacraments and the Word” (no. 22). Moreover, in the 2009 encyclical, Charity in Truth (Caritas in Veritate), Pope Benedict emphasized that “the primary capital to be safeguarded and valued is man, the human person in his or her integrity: Man is the source, the focus and the aim of all economic and social life” (no. 25).

Xavier University, a Catholic Jesuit institution of higher education, upholds the teachings of the Church particularly on preferential option for the poor. It instils in its students and stakeholders the ideal human pro!le: men and women-for-others who lead a life characterized by competence, Christian conscience, and committed service to the poor. Integrated in its school curricula, from freshman to senior year, are opportunities for students to be shaped by, and live out, these vision and values particularly in the context of Northern Mindanao where poverty incidence is quite high.

Integral human formation is not con!ned to the classroom; co-curricular clubs are likewise venues that challenge students to become persons-for-others. Outreach programs to public school children of Cagayan de Oro city and its remote barangays are served through academic tutorial services. Remedial classes in English, Science and Math as well as review sessions of the National Achievement Test are regularly conducted by Xavier student volunteers of the School of Education. Its faculty members are also engaged in facilitating barangay education summits and in the professional development training of public school teachers. Besides academic tutorials and professional retooling, students and faculty are also engaged in advocacy for disaster risk reduction and management, waste segregation, and population development concerns.

42 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance References:

Ordinario, C. (2013, February 10). Need to Stay Out of Poverty. Retrieved April 2, 2014, from Rappler: http://www.rappler. com/business/21431-how-much-does-a-family-need-to-keep-out-of-poverty Republic of the Philippines House of Representatives. (n.d.). AN ACT GOVERNING THE CREATION AND ACCREDITATION OF MICRO-ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Retrieved April 2, 2014, from Google: http://www.google.com.ph/l?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCsQFjAB&url=http %3A%2F%2Fxa.yimg.com%2Fkq%2Fgroups%2F21649527%2F1429175878%2Fname%2FHB%2B213.doc&ei=Lqg7U_ uhCYSYrAfBi4GIDQ&usg=AFQjCNG27OdYci3OOpUVPzQD6a3p9PXujA&bvm=bv

Eric VELANDRIA SJ PhD

Fr. Eric G. Velandria SJ !nished a degree in BS Agri-Business in the University of the Philippines and had his masters in Theology in Ateneo de Manila University. He got his Doctorate degree in Education last 2004 in the University of San Francisco and did his internship on the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm in Fordham University, USA. He is currently the Dean of the School of Education in Xavier University.

He has attended several seminars and trainings in the di#erent areas a#ecting sustainable development. He is currently a member of the Board of Trustees in the following institutions: Xavier University, Oro Chamber, and Xavier Science Foundation. He is also a Representative of Academe in the Regional Development Council and the Local School Board. Along with these, he is also part of the Technical Working Group of the Philippine Catholic School Standards (PCSS)- Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines CEAP and a Mindanao Representative of SYNERGEIA FOUNDATION. He is also the present Regional Director of the United Nation University - Regional Center of Expertise (RCE) on Education for Sustainable Development. Email: [email protected]

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 43 CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

SATURDAY, 17 MAY 2014 Pre-conference !eld visit of Sustainability Science group to Upper Pulangi, Bukidnon Refer to page 52 for further information SUNDAY, 18 MAY 2014 Pre-conference !eld visit of Risk Resilience group to "ooded communities in Cagayan de Oro and Bukidnon Refer to page 62 for further information Pre-conference !eld visit of Youth and Values Formation group to Apu Palamguwan Cultural Education Center (APC), Bendum Refer to page 74 for further information

TUESDAY, 20 MAY 2014 1400-1700 Arrival of participants at Malaybalay City, Bukidnon Guests are booked at Pine Hills Hotel. 1530h - refreshments and snacks will be served 1700-1730 Registration 1730-1845 Opening Ceremony Introduction and Welcome Addresses Emcee: Ms. Ana Rosa Carmona 1730-1745 Convocation and National Anthems 1745-1800 Mayor Ignacio W. Zubiri City Mayor, Malaybalay-Bukidnon 1800-1815 Prof. Laurent Bock (Dr. Françoise Orban to read Prof. Bock’s message) CuD-EPaM Project Lead 1815-1830 José Ignacio Garcia Jimenez SJ Ecology Coordinator, Global Ignatian Advocacy Network (GIAN) 1830-1845 Ms. Sylvia Miclat Executive Director, Environmental Science for Social Change 1900-2200 Welcome Dinner

44 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

WEDNESDAY, 21 MAY 2014 0630-0730 Breakfast 0800-0830 Travel of Jesuit Retreat House guests to Pine Hills Hotel 0830-1230 PLENARY SESSION Emcee: Ms. Ana Rosa Carmona 0830-0845 Convocation 0845-0900 Welcome and Introduction to Keynote Speaker Mr. Andres Ignacio ESSC - Director for Planning and Geomatics 0900-0930 Keynote Address Mr. Andreas Carlgren Newman Institute 0930-1000 Discussion and Q&A Moderator: Mr. J. Andres Ignacio 1000-1030 Morning Tea / Co#ee 1030-1045 Introduction to Theme Keynote Speakers Benny Juliawan SJ PhD Social Apostolate Coordinator in Asia Paci!c 1045-1105 Theme 1. Sustainability Science Prof. Jean-Marie Baland PhD 1105-1125 Theme 2. Local Wisdom, Risk Resilience and Adaptation Pedro Walpole SJ PhD 1125-1145 Theme 3. Youth and Values Ms. Sylvia Miclat 1145-1230 Open Forum Moderator: Benny Juliawan SJ 1230-1400 Lunch 1400-1530 PLENARY SESSION 1400-1415 Re"ections from the !eld visits Moderator: Ms. Rowena Soriaga 1415-1430 Group 1 1430-1445 Group 2 1445-1500 Group 3 1500-1530 Open Forum and Discussion Moderator: Ms. Rowena Soriaga 1530-1600 Afternoon Tea / Co#ee

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 45 CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

1600-1800 PARALLEL SESSIONS THEME 1 THEME 2 THEME 3 Chair Chair: Chair José Ignacio Garcia Mr. Andreas Carlgren Ms. Julie Edwards Jimenez SJ Co-chair Co-chair Co-chair Mr. J. Andres Ignacio Ms. Sylvia Miclat Ms. Rowena Soriaga Documenter Documenter Documenter Ms. Dallay Annawi Ms. Mitchiko Aljas Ms. Mariel de Jesus Mr. Joseph Labrador Mr. Arnel Santander Mr. Saptarishi Bandopadhyay 1600-1615 Session Introduction Water Research and Land and Water Case Studies Governance Research 1615-1645 Prof. Vincent Hallet PhD Engr. Dexter Lo PhD Ms. Jennie Hickey Groundwater investigation, Even without the storm: the Youth and values education: assessment and production XU-DRRM story An Australian Jesuit of small volcanic islands: a education case study solution for small isolated communities subjected to severe water shortages 1645-1715 Xavier Savarimuthu SJ Mr. Joseph Labrador Christian Ndoki SJ PhD A method of village-level Learning to translate values Water sustainability issues disaster risk assessment: into the language of youth for India with its social and empowering communities ecological impacts towards resilience building 1715-1745 Gabby Lamug-Nañawa Ms. Taka Nurdiana Gani Mr. Arnel Santander SJ Local Wisdom in DRR and Tuén hu Uyag: Learning and A study of transboundary Peace Building Project Living water management issues in Implementation Hou Sahong, Mekong River 1745-1800 Session Summary 1830-2000 Dinner

46 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

THURSDAY, 22 MAY 2014 0630-0730 Breakfast 0730-0800 Travel of Jesuit Retreat House guests to Pine Hills Hotel 0800-1230 PARALLEL SESSIONS THEME 1 THEME 2 THEME 3 Chair Chair Chair José Ignacio Garcia Mr. Andreas Carlgren Ms. Julie Edwards Jimenez SJ 0800-0815 Session Introduction Land Research and Land and Water Values Formation Governance Governance 0815-0845 Mr. Eric Bruno Mayor Henry Afable Prof. Stéphane Leyens Factors A"ecting the Local Government Disaster PhD Engagement of Community Management and Response Development, values and Forest Enterprises in Timber in Maydolong, Eastern youth: Some theoretical and Commercialization Samar: From Preparedness to practical considerations Recovery 0845-0915 Daniel McNamara SJ PhD Mr. Emmanuel Sambale Ms. Julie Edwards Black Carbon Participatory mapping and Youth and values LGU decision support tools for Disaster Risk Reduction 0915-0945 Ms. Guadalupe Calalang Arch. Villa Mae A regional soil reference Libutaque system for fertility assessment Strengthening Community- and monitoring for highland led Shelter Initiatives and soils in Mindanao, Philippines Local Governance to Address Housing Needs of Informal Settler Families 0945-1000 Session Summary 1000-1030 Morning Tea / Co#ee

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 47 CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

1030-1045 Session Introduction Sustainability Science Methods and Research Methods and Research and Concept 1045-1115 Lourdes Simpol PhD Wilhelmina Clavano PhD Prof. Grace T. Cruz PhD Societal interaction of science Rainfall hazard and #ood Values, Attitudes and and technology in Mindanao risk in the Cagayan River Behaviors of the Filipino watershed: Understanding Youth: Evidence from the volume, intensity and Young Adult Fertility and accumulation to reduce Sexuality Studies disaster risk 1115-1145 Bronwyn Lay LLB, BA Prof. Sabine Henry PhD Eric Velandria SJ PhD Recognising material Bene!ts of international Xavier University School of violence - a silent solution to migrations for socio- Education: Youth and Values transformative governance: ecological resilience of rural Formation sustainability science and its households in the home relationship to law country 1145-1215 Craig Hutton PhD Mr. J. Andres Ignacio The role of integrated socio- Assessing the e$cacy environmental modelling in of social vulnerability policy support: case studies in measurements through the tropical deltas impacts of disasters 1215-1230 Session Summary 1230-1400 Lunch 1400-1700 PARALLEL WORKSHOPS Learning What are the contexts What research questions What research questions in which we want to are the academic and should be formulated do research about research community that can enable youth sustainability science? formulating to improve to face the challenges of our critical understanding social and environmental of disaster risk reduction? sustainability? Creating How do we mainstream How can civil society help How can we mainstream Capacities the concepts, tools and line agencies and local youth engagement analytical methods for governments improve in land and water sustainability science in coordination for disaster governance? local governance? risk reduction? Accompanying How do we improve the How can land and water How can we improve linkages among people governance/ research be youth communications coming from the various improved to respond to and linkages for greater research and academic disaster risks? socio-environmental disciplines to mainstream understanding? sustainability science? Networking Who can work together to promote approaches and how? (Collaboration and and Advocacy) Collaboration 1700-1800 Team meeting 1800-2000 Dinner

48 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

FRIDAY, 23 MAY 2014 0630-0730 Breakfast 0730-0800 Travel of Jesuit Retreat House guests to Pine Hills Hotel 0800-1230 PLENARY SESSION 0815-0830 Transformative Land and Water Governance Workshop Outputs Moderator Ms. Julie Edwards 0830-0845 Summary presentation: Theme 1 0845-0900 Summary presentation: Theme 2 0900-0930 Summary presentation: Theme 3 0900-0930 Open Forum and Discussion Moderator Ms. Julie Edwards 0930-1030 Networking for future collaborative engagements Moderator Ms. Sylvia Miclat 1030-1100 Morning Tea / Co#ee 1100-1130 SYNTHESIS Pedro Walpole SJ PhD 1130-1200 CLOSING REMARKS Prof. Sabine Henry PhD 1230-1400 Lunch Checkout Travel to Bendum for Jesuits and collaborators gathering

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 49 OVERVIEW MAP OF FIELD VISITS

50 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance FIELD VISITS

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 51 FIELD VISIT

The steep slope grasslands slowly converted to corn!elds. Photo credit: Jen Ogania

SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

This group focuses on understanding socioeconomic dynamics in the rural context of Mindanao. This will look into the economics of agribusiness, particularly maize production for animal feed in the villages of Bendum, , Busdi and in the Upper Pulangi Valley in Northeastern Bukidnon. This visit would also try to understand family food security within those villages and how it in"uences family structures and youth migration in the area.

52 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES 17-20 MAY 2014 DAY 1: SATURDAY 17 MAY 2014 0930 Arrival of Participants at Cagayan de Oro City Participants proceed to Malaybalay City. Pick-up points: Laguindingan Airport / XU- CDO 1230 Lunch at Malaybalay City 1400 Travel to Bendum 1700 Welcome and Orientation 1900 Dinner DAY 2: SUNDAY 18 MAY 2014 0700-0800 Breakfast 0800 Welcome and presentation of schedule and activities, expectation setting 0830-1000 Visit di#erent farms (co#ee/corn/rubber) in Bendum t Traditional Farming t Mixed Traditional/Migrant Farming t Migrant Farming 1000-1030 Morning Snacks 1030-1200 Interaction with community/farmers in Bendum 1200-1300 Lunch 1300-1400 Travel to Barangay Silae 1400-1600 Interaction with farmers in Silae Snacks / Refreshments served in the community 1630 Travel back to Bendum Possible interaction with Youth and Values Formation group in Bendum 1900 Dinner Day 3: MONDAY 19 MAY 2014 0700-0800 Breakfast 0800 Travel to Barangay Busdi 0930-1130 Interaction with farmers in Busdi 1130-1230 Lunch 1300 Travel to Barangay Mapulo 1400-1530 Interaction with farmers in Mapulo Snacks / Refreshments served in the community 1600 Travel back to Bendum 1900 Dinner Day 4: TUESDAY 20 MAY 2014 0700-0800 Breakfast 0830-1000 Discussion: Re"ections from the !eld 1200 Lunch 1300 Travel to Malaybalay City Travel with Youth and Values Formation group Check-in at Pine Hills Hotel. Registration starts at 5:00 PM

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 53 FIELD VISIT

54 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

BACKGROUND

Sustainability Science is an emerging !eld of research dealing with the interactions between the natural and social systems, and how those interactions a#ect the challenges of sustainability. The challenge is to meet the needs of the present and future generations while substantially reducing poverty and conserving the planet’s life support system.

Rio+20 concluded with a set of commitments, though quietly loose, for action and agreement to achieve the “future we want” – that is for all. Many institutions recognized the importance of including Sustainability Science in the solutions of sustainability challenges we face. Knowledge from across the natural and social sciences is needed to develop a thorough understanding of ecological challenges. Yet this needs a clearer de!nition and process that allows for diverse responses, and not just one response that !ts all. Critically, it challenges us, the scienti!c community, to strengthen further our local, national, and international collaboration, and to take the initiative in providing knowledge needed for societal transformation. This includes the task to develop a sustainability program that includes an interdisciplinary scienti!c approach in solving urgent local and national challenges.1

Food Security and Environmental Sustainability

“Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who su#er from hunger…Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources” are two global commitments stipulated in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. The intensi!cation of agricultural biotechnologies has been promoted as means to reach food security. The range of technologies used includes hybridization, genetic engineering, development of vaccines, and tissue culture. However, these technological breakthroughs are faced with strong criticisms particularly the genetically modi!ed organisms. It is noted that there are there key issues surrounding biotechnologies: human safety, animal and environmental wellbeing and e$cacy. A fourth aspect that is critical, but so far has received less attention is socio-economic impact. Recently, the promised socio-economic upliftment particularly of the farmers has been questioned.2

Mindanao’s poverty has been researched extensively but programs deliver poorly, with little integration and limited catalytic e#ect. The region is identi!ed with national agro-development but is unable to respond to local food security needs. The entry of genetically modi!ed maize and the failure of projected maize production due to extreme weather events (typhoons that bring "ooding and landslides and drought) is sinking farmers into greater depths of debt since they are at the mercy of local !nanciers and creditors. This situation exacerbates hunger and food insecurity in the farming sector as there is no fallback food crop. This translates into prevalent human insecurity and instability, clearly manifested in the slow socioeconomic development of the poorest people, the lack of safety, and the insecurity of peace.3

A particular technology adopted by many Filipino farmers is the use of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of corn (Zea mays L.) replacing traditional varieties. The need to signi!cantly increase corn production is triggered by an increased consumption for livestock and poultry meat (citing Gerpacio et al., 2004). Corn is the main ingredient in the production of animal feeds. Allured by the promised increase in production and the corresponding increase in income, many farmers shifted from traditional corn varieties to the hybrid/GMO ones such that yellow corn production has increased substantially while the traditional white corn has waned. The Philippines is the !rst country to allow the commercial production of genetically modi!ed crops (citing Panopio et al., 2011).

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 55 FIELD VISIT

OBJECTIVES OF THE VISIT

The visit seeks to provide local perspectives in terms of socioeconomic dynamics and family food security within the rural context of the Upper Pulangi in Northern Mindanao. Particularly, the visit focuses on maize production for animal feed in the villages of Bendum, Silae, Busdi and Mapulo.

Speci!cally, the visit seeks to:

t Deepen the understanding on the socioeconomic dynamics within a village and how it relates to family structures, migration and the broader market in the city and the province

t Learn and exchange ideas with local farmers and communities on how they manage and adapt to the sociopolitical, economic and environmental shifts in their area and the broader watershed

GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION

t What are the contexts in which we would like to conduct research about sustainability science?

t What are the most interesting e#orts that the communities have undertaken to translate abstract knowledge on sustainability science into practical initiatives for land and water management and planning?

t What possible research questions and work collaboration can we draw from the engagement?

ABOUT THE SITES

A. Bukidnon: Regional Food Basket of Northern Mindanao

The Province of Bukidnon plays an important role in the agricultural development discussion in the Philippines. The province has 1.3 million people who are primarily rural inhabitants (70%) and are thus dependent on agriculture (NSO, 2010a). It is the 2nd top corn-producing province in the country and the 15th for rice (BAS, 2011) earning the title of “food basket” of Northern Mindanao (O$cial Website of the Province of Bukidnon, n.d.).

t Corn is the dominant crop in Bukidnon with nearly 190,000 ha planted with corn, against less than 90,000 for rice. Other important crops include sugarcane, pineapple, banana, cassava, coconut, co#ee and rubber

t Bukidnon is also a large producer of meat, especially poultry and pork. With more than 8 million chickens, Bukidnon is the third largest producer in the whole Philippines, and the largest in Mindanao. Pigs are also raised in large quantities, i.e. more than 430,000 heads, which places Bukidnon among the top 5 producing provinces. This production of chickens and pigs has increased rapidly during the last two decades (BAS, 2012)

56 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

200 9 180 8 160 7 140 6 metric tons)

120 5 ha)

3 White Corn 100 5 80 4 Yellow Corn

Area (10 Area 60 3 Total Corn 40 2 Production (10 Production 20 1 0 0 ee ! Rice Corn 1994 1999 2004 2009 Co Banana Rubber Cassava Coconut Years Pineapple Sugarcane Crops

Figure 1: Bukidnon - Production Area of Key Crops Figure 2: Bukidnon - Evolution of the area planted with corn (Note: !gure adapted from Lanthier 2013, data source: BAS 2011) (Note: !gure adapted from Lanthier 2013, data source: BAS 2011)

5 9 8 ) 5 4 ) 6 7 6 3 5 2 4 3 Number of heads (10

1 Number of heads (10 2 1 0 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 0 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 Years Years

Figure 3: Bukidnon - Evolution of the number of chickens Figure 4: Bukidnon - Evolution of the number of pigs (Note: !gure adapted from Lanthier 2013, data source: BAS 2011) (Note: !gure adapted from Lanthier 2013, data source: BAS 2011)

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 57 FIELD VISIT

B. Poverty Incidence Interestingly, the Province of Bukidnon has high level of poverty incidence. As of 2012 poverty incidence in the province is at 43.3%, which is higher than the 2009 and 2006 data at 38.8% and 40.4% respectively. The local leaders of the province have blamed agricultural companies resorting to contractualization of their workers as a culprit (Balane 2013)4. The national poverty incidence for the !rst semester of 2012 was 27.9% placing Bukidnon among the poorest provinces in the country. Poverty incidence during that period is place at 5,458 Philippine Pesos monthly for a family of !ve persons (Torres 2013)5. In the Human Development Report, the province of Bukidnon is not one of the low performing, but it is neither in the top performing provinces.

C. Upper Pulangi Valley The Upper Pulangi Valley of Bukidnon is an area where land use practices are experiencing signi!cant transformation. The valley is the uppermost catchment of the Pulangi River Watershed, Mindanao’s largest river system draining from north to south. Further down the valley the river provides water for hydropower generation and irrigated rice !elds. The Upper Pulangi area described here includes the political jurisdictions of the Municipalities of and Impasug-ong as well as the City of Malaybalay.

Most of the "at areas are either covered under private lands or with tax declarations, while the rest are still predominantly considered public lands. However, a number of land tenure instruments have been issued in the recent years. Four Certi!cates of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) have been awarded to di#erent indigenous people (IP) communities namely:

t Bukidnon-Higaonon: in the western side of Pulangi River covering the slopes of Cabanglasan and Malaybalay; t Bukidnon-Umayamnen: in the eastern side of Pulangi River covering the slopes of Cabanglasan and Malaybalay t Bukidnon-Pulangiyen: in the eastern side of Pulangi River in Sitio Bendum, Barangay Busdi, Malaybalay t Higaonon: covering the upper catchment northeast of Pulangi River covering the municipality of Impasug-ong.

A number of other communities are still in the process of applying for their ancestral domain claims. A number of Community-based Forest Management Agreements (CBFMA) within the valley also exist, oftentimes overlapping with the ancestral domain claims.

The Malaybalay City part of Upper Pulangi contains eight of its 44 barangays. The table at the right shows the population distribution for each of these barangays in Malaybalay. Generally, ethnicity can be categorized as Lumad and Dumagat. Lumad are the indigenous peoples, presently the dominant population in barangays Busdi, , and Kulaman. Dumagat are the lowland migrants mostly from the Visayas islands of Cebu, and Negros. They are the dominant population in barangays , Mapulo, St. Peter, and Zamboanguita. Most migrants entered the area during the logging period (1960s) and stayed on after a logging moratorium was declared in Bukidnon in the late 1980s.

58 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

Population Distribution per Barangay Upper Pulangi, Malaybalay City BARANGAYS POPULATION 1. Busdi 1921 2. Caburacanan 1057 3. Indalasa 1453 4. Kulaman 1064 5. Mapulo 1106 6. Silae 2099 7. St. Peter 2288 8. Zamboanguita 1532

The indigenous peoples have slowly adopted the lowland intensive agricultural system with most of the "at areas planted to irrigated rice or corn. Other permanent crops cultivated predominantly by Dumagat, and to a lesser degree by Lumad, are rubber and co#ee. Like many farmers in the province, corn production in Upper Pulangi changed from the local white variety to the imported yellow varieties. However, this has changed recently as corn farmers slowly shifted to other farming systems. It will be interesting to learn from the experiences of the farmers some of who are still within the system and others who have abandoned it in search of better ways to improve land productivity and household income.

BOX 1. UPPER PULANGI EXPERIENCE OF YELLOW CORN PRODUCTION6

Socio-Economic Impact

1. The !nancial situation of the farmers is not improving with the genetically modi!ed yellow corn 2. Three interplaying factors impacts farmers !nancial performance: a. Very expensive price of inputs b. Expected production is vulnerable to unpredictable events (e.g. rat infestations) c. Volatile buying price which is often relatively low during harvest time 3. The factors mentioned above reduces incomes which are often too meager to pay back the !nancer or bank 4. After one failure, farmers either stop corn faming, or plant again hoping to have better luck in the next harvest, resulting in the farmers being trapped in a vicious cycle ending in the loss of personal belongings, including the land itself 5. This vicious cycle brings some farmers to pawn their land to the !nancer and some to become farm workers themselves 6. The degree of socio-economic impact among farmers varies according to the source of !nancing: cooperatives, banks, and local !nanciers, but more farmers rely much on the latter 7. Financers have signi!cant in"uence on the whole corn production chain from the type of seeds, fertilizers, transportation, market and prices.

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 59 FIELD VISIT

BOX 1. UPPER PULANGI EXPERIENCE OF YELLOW CORN PRODUCTION (cont.)

Environmental Impact

1. High quantities of inorganic fertilizers and other chemicals required in the production of high yielding corn varieties causes soil fertility problems linked to soil acidi!cation. Farmers in the Upper Pulangi have identi!ed this as a constraint to their corn production 2. Though no research has yet been conducted in the area, intensive use of chemicals may have contaminated underground water and the rivers 3. Fields planted with pest-disease resistant corn do not need manual cleaning or weeding, encouraging farmers to plant even in very steep slopes. Intensive use of these slopes causes soil erosion and generates landslides, which the Upper Pulangi has experienced in the last three years

BOX 2. SITE VISIT FACT SHEET

Environmental Impact

Bendum: A sitio, which is politically part of the Busdi barangay jurisdiction. Roughly 40% of the population is still indigenous peoples while 30% are migrant settlers, and the remaining 30% intermarriages between the two. Bendum and the immediate environs host much of the rubber and co#ee !elds in Upper Pulangi. While mostly migrant !elds, indigenous peoples in the area have also started to cultivate rubber and co#ee. The indigenous peoples of Bendum hold a Certi!cate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT). Bendum hosts the Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC), which among others work in !nding a more sustainable use of the land. Busdi: The farthest barangay of Malaybalay City in the Upper Pulangi Valley. While the population is still dominantly indigenous peoples, a signi!cant percentage of migrant settlers can be found in Busdi, particularly in Sitio Bendum and Tubigon. A local census data pegged the population at 2,093 distributed in 414 households, of which 66% are farming households (MISS 2011). Other households serve as public servants such as barangay o$cials, teachers, paramilitary, and health workers. Mapulo: The current political jurisdiction of Barangay Mapulo can be broadly divided into two: Upper Mapulo and Lower Mapulo. The former is the original barangay settlement site, while the latter is a new settlement resulting from the increasing presence of migrant settlers. Thus, the geography is also associated with ethnic concentration: Lower Mapulo with migrant settlers and Upper Mapulo with the indigenous peoples. The local census of population recorded 1,022 individuals distributed in 194 households, all claimed to depend primarily in farming (MISS 2011). Agricultural activity in Lower Mapulo is primarily dominated by corn production. In the last two years cassava and vegetable production have been introduced and many farmers have slowly shifted away from corn owing to the !nancial di$culties. Upper Mapulo likewise cultivates corn, but with more diverse root crops for subsistence. Silae: The oldest settlement in the valley has the most number of settlements widely distributed. A series of settlements are situated along the national road from the Municipality of Cabanglasan (south). The barangay proper still hosts the original indigenous families, while the new settlements are primarily migrant settlers. Except for the valley near the barangay center, which has irrigated rice !elds, the landscape of Silae is predominantly corn even on the steep slopes. As in Mapulo, lands in Silae are primarily private titled lands. Note: The City Government of Malaybalay through the agriculture o$ce currently has a massive seedling distribution program involving co"ee and rubber. 60 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

Comparative Cultivation of Corn and Rice (MISS 2011) Busdi Mapulo Silae Bendumii Rice t Irrigated 126.5 has 30 has Less than 1 ha t Rain fed 46.0 has 20 has - t Uplandiii 0.5 has - 3 has Less than 5 ha TOTAL 173 has 20 has 33 has Less than 6 ha Corn t Hybrid 340 has 270 has 800 has Less than 5 has t OPVi - 13 has 150 has - t Traditional 10 has 111 has 90 has Less than 10 has TOTAL 350 has 394 has 1040 has

iOpen Pollinated Varieties iiNo data available; rough estimate. Bendum is part of Busdi iiiData on upland rice seems to be not accounted properly. Many indigenous peoples in the are still practicing swidden !eld planting upland rice

References:

1The importance of sustainability science and transformative research http://sustainabilityscience.ph/?p=575 2Lanthier, S. (2013). Identi!cation of economic and social outcomes of high-yielding yellow corn through commodity chain analysis – A case study in an upland area of Bukidnon province, Philippines. Masters thesis: Université catholique de Louvain 3Sustainability science from the mountains: The Bendum Ecology and Culture Center in Mindanao, Philippines http://sustainabilityscience.ph/?p=289 4http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2013/04/27/bukidnon-poverty-incidence-worsens-exec-blames- labor-only-scheme/ 5http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/04/24/934243/poverty-level-phl-unchanged-06 6Lifted from Lanthier, 2013.

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS NAME ORGANIZATION 1. Prof. Jean-Marie Baland PhD University of Namur, Belgium 2. Prof. Sabine Henry PhD University of Namur, Belgium 3. Ms. Guadalupe Calalang Ateneo de Cagayan, Xavier University 4. Prof. Ma. Kresna Dejoras Navarro Ateneo de Cagayan, Xavier University 5. Mr. Saptarishi Bandopadhyay Environmental Science for Social Change 6. Mr. Eric Bruno Environmental Science for Social Change 7. Dr. Wendy Clavano Environmental Science for Social Change 8. Mr. J. Andres F. Ignacio Environmental Science for Social Change 9. Ms. Jennifer Ogania Environmental Science for Social Change 10. Mrs. Elenita Sandejas Environmental Science for Social Change 11. Dr. Joselito Sandejas Environmental Science for Social Change 12. Ms. Rowena Soriaga Environmental Science for Social Change

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LOCAL WISDOM, RISK RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION

This group will visit communities and local government units (LGUs) in Cagayan de Oro City () and Valencia City (Bukidnon) that were a#ected during recent "ood disasters brought about by typhoons that passed through Mindanao. The e#ort is to understand people’s perceptions of their disaster risks and to know how the LGUs, communities and civil society partners worked from relief and immediate response to recovery and reconstruction of the social and physical infrastructure.

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SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES 18-20 MAY 2014

DAY 1: SATURDAY 17 MAY 2014 0930 Arrival and Registration Participants proceed to hotel in Cagayan de Oro City 1100 Check in at hotel 1200 Lunch 1300-1400 Welcome and Orientation t Welcome and self-introduction of participants t Presentation of schedule and activities 1500-1630 Visit to Xavier Ecoville, Barangay Lumbia t Walk around the relocation site (Participants will be divided into two groups) t Interaction with the residents and o$cers of the Xavier Ecoville Homeowner’s Association ο Introduction and purpose of the visit ο Sharing of experiences on disaster risk preparedness, response and recovery ο Open forum and closing Snacks served during interaction 1700-1730 Site viewing of Sitio Calacala, Barangay Macasandig on the way back to the hotel Provide an overview of the extent of damage to houses and the community caused by Tropical Storm Sendong (TS Washi) 1830-2100 Welcome Dinner DAY 2: SUNDAY 18 MAY 2014 0630-0730 Breakfast 0800-1000 Visit to Barangay Carmen t Interaction with Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (BDRRMC) and Carmen Rescue Team (CaResT) members (with the “river watchers”) at the Barangay Hall ο Introduction and purpose of the visit ο Sharing of experiences on disaster risk preparedness, response and adaptation ο Open forum and closing Morning snacks during interaction

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Day 2: MONDAY 19 MAY 2014 (cont.) 1030-1200 Visit to City local government unit (o$ce) t Viewing of on-going dike and "ood wall construction from the 4th "oor of the new City Hall Building t Interaction with the City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management O$ce (CDRRMO), City Estate and Management Bureau and Housing and Shelter Task Force ο Introduction and purpose of the visit ο Sharing of experiences on disaster risk preparedness, response and adaptation ο Open forum and closing 1200-1300 Lunch 1300-1400 Continuation of the interaction with the City 1400-1700 Travel to Malaybalay City Participants check in at Pine Hills Hotel, Malaybalay City 1830-1930 Dinner Day 3: TUESDAY 20 MAY 2014 0630-0730 Breakfast 0730-0830 Travel to Valencia City 0830-1000 Visit to Red Cross Village, Barangay Bagontaas t Walk around the relocation site with particular intention of viewing areas with hazard risk, living conditions of the relocatees, etc. (Participants will be divided into two groups) t Interaction with the residents ο Introduction and purpose of the visit ο Sharing of experiences on disaster risk preparedness, response and recovery ο Open forum and closing 1030-1200 Visit to Barangay Catumbalon t Interaction with Barangay DRRMC at the Barangay Hall ο Introduction and purpose of the visit ο BDRRMC to share experiences on disaster risk preparedness, response and adaptation ο Open forum and closing 1200-1300 Lunch 1330-1500 Visit to City local government unit (o$ce) t*OUFSBDUJPOXJUI%33.$BOEPUIFSPóDFT ο Introduction and purpose of the visit ο CDRRMC to share experiences on disaster risk preparedness, response and adaptation 1500 Travel back to Malaybalay City Participants are expected to be at Pine Hills Hotel before 5:00 PM

64 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance LOCAL WISDOM, RISK RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION

Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 65 FIELD VISIT

66 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance LOCAL WISDOM, RISK RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION

BACKGROUND

The Philippines is ranked third out of 173 countries, after Vanuatu and Tonga, in terms of vulnerability to disaster risks and natural hazards (World Risk Index, 2012). The country’s geographical location exposes it to seismic hazards and a range of weather systems that can bring about high rainfall and strong winds, such as typhoons, the La Niña phenomenon, southwest monsoons, etc.

Every year, an average of 19–20 typhoons hit the Philippine Area of Responsibility (although not all make landfall), with the associated threats of "ooding, landslides, strong winds and storm surges. The Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration notes that extreme events have become more frequent and that there is a trend of increasing typhoons hitting Mindanao. In the last three years, the island of Mindanao, which is commonly perceived as a “typhoon-free” zone, was hit by three storms:

t On 17 December 2011, Tropical Storm Sendong (Washi) triggered "ash"oods in Cagayan de Oro killing 1,268 people. TS Sendong dumped a 24-hour rainfall of 180.9 mm at the PAGASA station in Barangay Lumbia, which exceeded the monthly average of 113.2 mm for December. TS Sendong’s maximum wind speed was 118 kph, but the impact of the "ash"ood along the Cagayan River triggered by the high rainfall was destructive. In Cagayan de Oro City, 7,317 houses were completely damaged and 12,635 houses were partially damaged (NDRRMC, 2012).

t Typhoon Pablo (Bopha) On Dec 2012 was the strongest typhoon – with maximum wind speed of 180–220 kph – that hit Mindanao in recent decades. It brought about landslides, a debris "ow and "ooding and Compostela Provinces and also a#ected the central provinces of Mindanao, including Bukidnon. In addition, the strong winds destroyed numerous houses and "attened large areas of banana, corn and coconut plantations, wiping out huge investments and livelihoods.

t Tropical Depression Agaton on Janaury 2014, the !rst typhoon to hit the country this year, a#ected the eastern provinces in Mindanao, and brought about heavy rainfall in Northern Mindanao, including Cagayan de Oro City.

These events are serving as wakeup calls for the LGUs, local communities and civil society partners in Mindanao to enhance their knowledge of their disaster risks in relation to the broader landscape, strengthen their disaster preparedness and adaptation/mitigation plans and mainstream disaster risk reduction in local development planning.

OBJECTIVES OF THE VISIT

The visit to the "ood-a#ected communities and LGUs in the Cagayan de Oro City and Valencia City seeks to provide local perspectives in terms of disaster risk reduction and resilience initiatives.

Speci!cally, the visit seeks to:

t Deepen the understanding on local disaster risk reduction and resilience initiatives and adaptation

t Learn and exchange ideas with local government units and communities on how to prepare for, respond to, and recover from the impacts of natural hazards

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GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION

t For the communities in "ood-prone areas, how do they perceive their "ood risks and how are they coping with or adapting to the risks? How can local knowledge and the communities’ adaptation and preparedness strategies and capacities be improved toward reducing people’s risks?

t With regard to relocation as a post-disaster response (and disaster risk mitigation measure), are the relocated families, LGUs and assisting partners “building back better”? What is working and what are the challenges and gaps that need to be addressed?

t How are the LGUs mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in their local development planning and implementation? In what ways are the LGUs promoting good governance in their disaster risk reduction planning and initiatives?

t How can the watershed approach be used to promote collaboration among upland and lowland LGUs and communities to contribute to disaster risk reduction e#orts, such as in "ood- warning system strategies in lower-stream areas?

t What hazard situations and resilience building issues in these sites do you !nd similar in your own community, city or other communities you visited in the past? How are the local government units and communities in these areas responding to their challenges?

ABOUT THE SITES A. Cagayan de Oro City Cagayan de Oro (CDO) City is a highly urbanized city serving as the regional center and business hub for Northern Mindanao. It is located at the lower end of the Cagayan River, which traces its headwaters to Mt. Kalatungan Range in the province of and is fed by several tributaries from Mt. Kitanglad Range in the province of Bukidnon. The Cagayan de Oro River watershed has a total land area of 1,363 square kilometres; its upstream portion is mostly located in the municipalities of Talakag, Baungon and Libona in Bukidnon Province -.

There are 10 of 80 barangays in CDO that are located along the Cagayan River and these are "ood- prone. These riverside barangays were "ooded in January 2009 when the Cagayan River over"owed owing to prolonged rainfall. These same barangays were again hit during the "ash"ood along Cagayan River during TS Sendong on 16 December 2011. With higher rainfall, stronger and more rapid "ow, more sediment load and wider a#ected area, the "ash"ood triggered by TS Sendong wrought more severe damages than the 2009 "ooding.

Barangay Carmen, the most populous barangay (67,471 people) in the city, was among the most devastated areas by the "ash"ood on 16 December 2011. The disaster left more than 8,100 families homeless or exposed to high risks that need relocation to safer areas.

To date, there are 20 relocation areas established by national government agencies, city government and assisting partners in eight barangays in the city and one site in the adjacent municipality of Opol (Misamis Oriental Province). More than 5,760 housing units were completed as of April 2014.

Following the recent "ooding disasters, Cagayan de Oro City is now a locus of various "ood control infrastructure projects, relocation/housing projects and DRR-related initiatives involving di#erent government agencies and organizations.

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Disaster risk assessment for barangay Carmen

1. Xavier Ecoville, Barangay Lumbia Established in January 2012. Relocated families moved in to the site in July 2013. Land area 5 hectares donated by Xavier University Number of housing 568. All the units are occupied except for 1 unit being used as o$ce units of the homeowners’ association. Origin of relocated Riverside barangays a#ected by TS Sendong "ood families Distance from the About 30 kilometers. Public transportation cost to the city proper is city proper PhP 21.00 (one-way) Lot area 50 square meters Floor area 20 square meters, excluding toilet and kitchen Housing type Row house with loft; 2 row houses per block Basic services and t Eight communal faucets with temporary connection to the facilities barangay. The community contributes for their water bill. t Individual electric connection. The city government is paying electric bills for the streetlights. t Community center Public elementary school and high school are about 1-kilometer away from the site Livelihood activities Xavier Ecoville Cooperative was organized to support the families’ and support livelihood activities such as textile production and food processing Concerns Community building is quite a challenge as residents come from di#erent barangays

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2. Barangay Carmen t Most of the a#ected families were relocated to di#erent resettlement sites in the city. Several regional o$ces of the government as well as major commercial and !nancial institutions are located in barangay Carmen. t The barangay council created the barangay Carmen Rescue Team (CaResT), comprising regular sta# of the barangay, zone leaders, representatives from the Fire Station and volunteers. t The barangay council also formed the Barangay DRRM Committee. It is responsible in the formulation of the Barangay DRRM Plan and its implementation. Total population 67,471 (17,186 households) Number of damaged houses More than 1,200 houses during TS Sendong

3. City Disaster Risk Reduction Management O#ce (CDRRMO) Date created July 2012 No. of Personnel 7 permanent sta# and 29 temporary sta# Head of O$ce (Ret.) Col. Mario Verner Monsanto Status of City Disaster Risk Completed Reduction and Management Plan Primary concerns t Equipment and rescue vehicles or ambulances are limited t Security of tenure of temporary sta# t Skills training development is lacking

B. Valencia City Valencia City, located in the central part of Bukidnon Province, is a second-class component city. It has the highest population (181,556) in the province and serves as the provincial center of trade and commerce.

Valencia City is traversed by the Upper Pulangi River. The Pulangi River is a tributary of the Rio Grande de Mindanao. Fourteen municipalities in Bukidnon share the total area of 412,028 hectares of the Pulangi River watershed.

Nine of the 31 barangays in Valencia are "ood prone and three other barangays are prone to landslides. In December 2011, 300 residents in Barangay Batangan were trapped due to severe "ooding caused by a weather disturbance. The "ood washed out several houses and a#ected about 1,000 people in Barangay Poblacion.

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1. Red Cross Village, Barangay Bagontaas The !rst of 4 post-disaster (TS Sendong and Typhoon Pablo "ooding) resettlement sites in Valencia City; established in February 2013 Number of housing units 250 single-detached Number of units occupied 200 units Origin of relocated families Riverside barangays Distance from the city proper Approximately 4 kilometers Lot area 100 square meters Floor area 20-21 square meters Budget for a housing unit Php75,000.00. Houses were constructed through fund support from Red Cross Land ownership Valencia City government Leadership and community Red Cross Village is headed by a or village organization Leader. The relocated families have yet to organize the homeowners’ association Concerns Lack of basic services i.e. water and electricity. Three hand powered water pumps are installed within the village, but the families have to fetch potable water from Motorpool that is about 100 meters away from the site. Electric distribution posts are not yet put up inside the village. Some households tapped into the main distribution line, which requires higher costs in installation and wiring.

The !rst of the 3 post-disaster resettlement sites in the City housing more than 200 a#ected families from di#erent riverside barangays. Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance 71 FIELD VISIT

2. Barangay Catumbalon The barangay is bounded by the Pulangi River on the west and Maapag River on the east. Almost 75% of the barangay was submerged during TS Sendong and Typhoon Pablo. A portion of the barangay along Pulangi River owned by the National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR) serves as "ood bu#er. It was reported that NAPOCOR’s drainage outlet was not enough to funnel out "oodwater during the typhoons, causing back"ow and "ooding a signi!cant part of the barangay. During the "ood events, the a#ected families went to live with their relatives. Most of them returned to their houses after the "oodwaters subsided. An agricultural and "ood-prone barangay Total population 2,600 # Households a#ected by "ooding caused 364 by TS Sendong and Pablo Land area 746 ha Status of Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Barangay LGU prepared their BDRRP and and Management Plan (BDRRP) submitted to the City o$ce for review and approval

3. City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (CDRRMC) Valencia City government has yet to create the City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management O$ce. Contractual sta# presently supports the CDRRMC operation. Head of O$ce Mr. Benigno Seraspe Status of City Disaster Risk Reduction and CDRRM Plan is being updated and !nalized Management Plan Primary concerns t Creation of CDRRM as an o$ce is temporary t Tenure security of sta# t Equipment and training for sta# is limited

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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS NAME ORGANIZATION 1. Prof. Vincent Hallet PhD University of Namur, Belgium 2. Prof. Stéphane Leyens PhD University of Namur, Belgium 3. Dr. Françoise Orban University of Namur, Belgium 4. Ms. Julie Hermesse Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium 5. Craig Hutton PhD University of Southampton, UK 6. Xavier Savarimuthu SJ PhD St. Xavier’s College Kolkata, India 7. (Ret.) Col. Mario Verner Monsanto City Disaster Risk Reduction Management O$ce, Cagayan de Oro 8. Mr. Benigno Seraspe City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council, Valencia City 9. Arch. Villa Mae Libutaque Technical Assistance Movement for People and the Environment (TAMPEI) 10. Scho. Edryan Paul Colmenaras SJ Loyola House of Studies 11. Scho. Joseph Patrick Echevarria SJ Loyola House of Studies 12. Scho. Lloyd Sabio SJ Loyola House of Studies 13. Ms. Dallay Annawi Environmental Science for Social Change 14. Ms. Mariel de Jesus Environmental Science for Social Change 15. Mr. Joseph Labrador Environmental Science for Social Change 16. Mr. Emmanuel Sambale Environmental Science for Social Change

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YOUTH AND VALUES FORMATION

The Apu Palamguwan Cultural Education Center and the Culture and Ecology Center in Bendum, Upper Pulangi are culture-based education initiatives that contribute responses to the critical and urgent need to meaningfully engage with the Pulangiyen youth in the uplands. The former is a primary school for indigenous children in Mindanao and uses a multilingual, culture-based curriculum while the latter is an e#ort to bring about a greater understanding of culture and ecology amongst young adults not in school through skills training and values formation. The former is a formal education center that is recognized by the Department of Education, while the latter is currently exploring with the same Department for an acknowledgement of its training courses as an alternative senior high school. Both initiatives are rooted in and draw from the ancestral domain that is the framework by which cultural values are enhanced and interpreted in their daily activities and in the guided youth re"ections and discussions. This whole e#ort with the youth in the uplands seeks to promote dialogue about the opportunities available for indigenous education, develop an understanding of the pathway from non-formal to formal education, and to discuss the alternative learning opportunities that can improve the skills and capacity of indigenous upland youth.

74 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance YOUTH AND VALUES FORMATION

SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES 18-20 MAY 2014 DAY 1: SUNDAY 18 MAY 2014 0930 Arrival of Participants at Cagayan de Oro City Participants proceed to Malaybalay City. Pick-up points: Laguindingan Airport / XU- CDO 1230 Lunch at Malaybalay City 1400 Travel to Bendum 1700 Welcome and Orientation Possible interaction with Sustainability Science group in Bendum 1900 Dinner DAY 2: MONDAY 19 MAY 2014 0700-0800 Breakfast 0800 Welcome and presentation of schedule and activities, expectation setting 0900-1000 Walk around log deck area and visit to the school 1000-1030 Morning Snacks 1030-1200 Interaction with APC teachers 1200-1300 Lunch 1300-1400 Orientation about Culture and Ecology Center Programme Orientation 1400-1600 Interaction with the youth, facilitators/trainers 1900 Dinner DAY 3: TUESDAY 20 MAY 2014 0700-0800 Breakfast 0830-1000 Discussion: Re"ections from the !eld 1200 Lunch 1900 Travel to Malaybalay City Travel with Sustainability Science group. Check-in at Pine Hills Hotel. Registration starts at 5:00 PM

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BACKGROUND

Although information is limited, there are an estimated 300 informal education initiatives, ranging from child literacy and formal community education programs, most of which are implemented in Mindanao. Indigenous communities often have limited access to formal education, and when they do, mainstream schools often marginalize their language and culture.

The initiative in Bendum began because the community recognized a need: a school for their children. They also welcomed the opportunity to work with others who could support them in their e#orts. Those who work with Indigenous Peoples may be familiar with the rituals of pandawat, of welcome that are used to greet visitors. It is a ceremony performed for the good of all and that cannot be rushed. People pray and then slowly prepare a meal; this is an acceptance of all that is happening and a sharing of food amongst friends.1

The education approach in Apu Palamguwan Cultural Education Center (APC) is based on the understanding that “it is an investment in the integrity and continuity of a culture and community way of life, and not simply a short-term !x or entry into a mode of economic development that does not bring true satisfaction. It is an approach to learning a sustainable life”. The Pulangiyen learning program began as an activity to engage children in the basics of reading, writing and numeracy, while creating an interest amongst the adults to further their learning. Amongst the Pulangiyen in Bendum, there were many with basic literacy but not the occasion to appreciate a more responsive education that sustained continuous learning. And so, the initial classes to advance adult literacy were held in the evening with a hurricane lamp. Over the years, this literacy program expanded into what it is today: an Indigenous Peoples’ community school o#ering a basic education program and integrating community and cultural knowledge.2

76 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance YOUTH AND VALUES FORMATION

APC’s goal to provide a service to the most marginalised indigenous youth often means that children who are orphaned, or whose communities and families live in other upland villages that require more than a day’s walk away to Bendum, are enabled to !nd security and the chance to learn in a multilingual, culturally-orientated school.

The !rst students from Bendum graduated in 1995. This !rst batch graduated from St. Isidore High School high school in Zamboangita four years later. Last school year, there were 24 students in the Zamboangita high school and dormitory; eight of these students graduated in March. There is also one APC scholar currently taking up BS Education in Bukidnon State University in Malaybalay City.

Culture and Values The Pulangiyen approach to culture-based education is rooted in the gaup, or the ancestral domain. The gaup brings together the values and knowledge of previous generations of the community, allowing these to grow and continue through the youth. In this culture-based education, learning begins, develops and is sustained within the context of the gaup. The core concepts of the culture provide a way to understand who the people are by what they value and what they believe.

The Pulangiyen have core concepts that form a context or background for their way of life. In many ways, these concepts show a web of relations - within the community, with others, with creation - and these relationships are what shape the community’s culture (kagena) and way of life. The spiritual relations (palaan), and the sense of the sacred (tahud) are the basis for the foundation for all other relationships.

Another primary concept is that of kalikat, or ancestry. Ancestry is the basis for living peacefully on the land and with others. Ancestry de!nes one’s land rights and clan relationships, and allows the community to share its gaup. Therefore, a person’s lineage situates one within the community and in the environment. The geneaology is set down in all the relationships, not only with others, but also across the physical landscape. These relationships and the gaup are integral to the community’s identity (tuus).

The community’s way of life is based on the covenant, or nalandangan, which is the source of peace, kalandangan. It is not something that comes from outside, or something that is waiting to be given. In the context of the community, peace is something that is established within the people. The covenant is also an occasion for renewing and strengthening engagement with others.

The web of relationships of the culture includes the forest (kalasan), and water (wahig). The emphasis is on active relations= which are lived through the gaup. The covenant is also instrumental in de!ning responsible allocation and management to sustain the gaup and to establish and maintain peace.

Critical to the future of the community are the concepts of leadership (pagpangamangel) and opportunity (kahigayunan). It is critical to educate and train (hulas) leaders who are empowered to engage and integrate in order to move forward with the strength of their culture.

1Apu Palamguwan Cultural Education Center: culture-based education in a community school http:// download.essc.org.ph/APC%20Monograph_reduced_27Dec2012.pdf 2Ibid, p6

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OBJECTIVES OF THE VISIT The visit seeks to provide opportunities to engage with youth from Upper Pulangi who are currently part of the Tuen hu Uyag program, currently undertaking technical training on community water resource management. There will also be occasion to meet with the teachers of the Apu Palamguwan Cultural Education Center and to learn about their experiences in managing a community-based school.

Speci!cally, the visit seeks to:

t Deepen the understanding on the multilingual and culture-based education system in Upper Pulangi, Mindanao

t Learn and exchange ideas with teachers and youth on how they manage and adapt to the socio-political, economic, and environmental shifts in their area and broader watershed

t Learn about the leadership and skills training and how this is responding to the need for greater capacities of the youth in Upper Pulangi as they cope with the challenges and opportunities of engaging with an emerging economy

GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION t What are the strengths and challenges in youth formation?

t How can youth engagement in land and water governance be integrated with broader Philippine society?

t How can youth communications and linkages be improved?

78 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance YOUTH AND VALUES FORMATION

ABOUT THE CENTER As the center for youth skills training and formation, Bendum is also increasingly known for its strong sense of identity and cultural heritage. Bendum is host to a number of di#erent indigenous gatherings and external organisations. Learning and exchange events provide a positive impact for both the visitors and the community; outsiders have a chance to experience life for Indigenous Peoples !rst hand and to view the relationship between people, the environment, and the culture in a di#erent way. Pulangiyen youth and other Indigenous Peoples have the chance to express themselves and teach each other about themselves and their values, developing connections, and learning the importance of their cultural heritage and identity.

Tuén hu Uyag, or learning and living, is a program for indigenous youth in the Upper Pulangi, aged 15 to 29 who may or may not have !nished basic education but are interested in learning with others a range of technical and social skills. The intention is to develop a curriculum that is accredited as a culture-based technical skills development and personal and social development training course.

The youth of this generation are currently faced with limited options for work, and yet they have the greatest potential for ensuring levels of social and environmental sustainability and the cultural integrity of their ancestral domains. These youth will be the next cultural leaders, the teachers for future generations, the keepers of the indigenous values, knowledge and practices. The program is intended to be a progressive learning strategy that allows indigenous youth to remain engaged with their culture, while participating and contributing to broader Philippine society.

From these youth come the next cultural leaders, the teachers of the next generations; the keepers of indigenous values, knowledge, and practices. It is a progressive learning strategy that allows indigenous youth to remain engaged with their culture, while participating and contributing to broader Philippine society.

THE LEGEND OF APU PALAMGUWAN

The community named APC after their ancestor, Apu Palamguwan. Stories told about him tell of his gift of foresight, through which he saw a future where metal machines could pass over sky and water. He saw other machines, which could destroy large areas of forests and was worried that his descendants will not be able to protect their environment. He knew these dreams would one day be a reality if his people did not take action to protect the forest. He knew the only way for his people to protect the forest was to become educated so that they could learn how to protect their land. He turned to his friend, Apu Palagsulat, a migrant with the gift of writing, who agreed to write his dreams down, to ensure they were recorded for future generations.

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There are e#orts to deepen values education among the indigenous learners; there can be no learning without values. Values formation is critical to ensure that the youth are able to adapt to the changes they experience with integrity. The challenge is also to recognize and de!ne a common ground among the di#erent value systems--those of the indigenous peoples, government, business. These values can serve as a basis for dialogue and for pursuing creative ways forward in addressing common concerns.

DEVELOPING A CULTURE$BASED EDUCATION SYSTEM

In developing the education program for Bendum, several questions were asked of the community: t What kind of community do we wish to build? t How do we see ourselves relating with others? t How do we see our role in the management of the environment, which is our domain?

A healthy community, according to the outputs from community discussions, has the following characteristics: t Cultural vitality and integrity, as seen in community activities and events t Strong sense of history and knowledge of genealogy t Secure, natural resource-based livelihoods, sustainable in terms of both economic and resource standpoints t Capacities and responsibilities, as well as hopes and strategies, are shared with the youth t Ability to assert rights and to advocate for recognition of these rights with broader society t Ability to express and communicate clearly with broader society as new relationships and ventures are sought

In summary, they seek a healthy community, a well-managed environment, and social equity.

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS NAME ORGANIZATION 1. Ms. Jennie Hickey Jesuit Australia Province 2. Mr. Alain Elijah Bitoy Ateneo de Cagayan, Xavier University 3. Ms. Kryzsa Nicole Lopez Ateneo de Cagayan, Xavier University 4. Eric Velandria SJ PhD Ateneo de Cagayan, Xavier University 5. Ms. Mitchiko Aljas Environmental Science for Social Change 6. Ms. Sylvia Miclat Environmental Science for Social Change 7. Mr. Arnel Santander Environmental Science for Social Change

80 Conference on Transformative Land and Water Governance

CONCONFERENFERENCE CPARTIE PARTICIPCANTSIPANTS

TABLETABLE OF OFCON CONTENTTENS TS Ms. GuadalupeMs.Prof. Guadalupe Jean-Marie Calalang Calalang Baland Ateneo PhD Ateneo de University Cagayan-Xavier de Cagayan-Xavier of Namur, University Belgium University Prof. Prof.Dexter DexterVincent S. Lo S. AteneoHallet Lo Ateneo PhD de Cagayan-Xavier Universityde Cagayan-Xavier of Namur, University University Belgium Engr.Engr.Prof. Rengie SabineRengie Bagares Henry Bagares Ateneo PhD Ateneo University de Cagayan-Xavier de Cagayan-Xavier of Namur, University Belgium University Prof. Prof.Ms.Ma. Julie KresnaMa. HermesseKresna Navarro Navarro UCL, Ateneo Belgium Ateneo de Cagayan-Xavier de Cagayan-Xavier University University WelcomeWelcome Messages Messages 1 1 Ms. KryzsaMs.Prof. Kryzsa Stéphane Nicole Nicole Lopez Leyens Lopez Ateneo PhD Ateneo Universityde Cagayan-Xavier de Cagayan-Xavier of Namur, University Belgium University RationaleRationale 3 3 Mr. AlainMr.Dr. FrançoiseAlain Elijah Elijah Bitoy Orban Bitoy Ateneo University Ateneo de Cagayan-Xavier de of Cagayan-Xavier Namur, Belgium University University Mr. MartinMr.Engr. Martin Rengie Smoliner Smoliner Bagares Ateneo Ateneo Ateneo de Cagayan-Xavier de de Cagayan-Xavier Cagayan-Xavier University University University BackgroundBackground 6 6 Dr. EricDr.Mr. Velandria EricAlain Velandria Elijah SJ Bitoy Ateneo SJ AteneoAteneo de Cagayan-Xavier de de Cagayan-Xavier Cagayan-Xavier University University University Dr. LourdesDr.Ms. Lourdes Guadalupe Simpol Simpol AteneoCalalang Ateneo de Ateneo Davao de Davao deUniversity Cagayan-Xavier University University ConferenceConference Objectives Objectives and andResults Results 7 7 Dr. DanielDr.Ms. Daniel Wynne McNamara McNamara Josephine SJ Ateneo SJ G. Escol Ateneo de AteneoDavao de Davao deUniversity Cagayan-Xavier University University ConferenceConference Format Format 7 7 Scho.Scho.Prof. Joseph Dexter Joseph Patrick S. Patrick Lo Echevarria Ateneo Echevarria de SJCagayan-Xavier Ateneo SJ Ateneo de Manila de University Manila University University Ms. JenniferMs. JenniferKryzsa Hickey Nicole Hickey Australian Lopez Australian Ateneo Jesuit Jesuit deProvince Cagayan-Xavier Province University KeynoteKeynote Speaker Speaker 8 8 Prof. Prof.Jean-Marie Jean-MarieMa. Kresna Baland NavarroBaland PhD PhD UniversityAteneo University de ofCagayan-Xavier Namur, of Namur, Belgium Belgium University ThemeTheme Key KeySpeakers Speakers 9 9 Ms. ConnilleMs.Mr. MartinConnille Abellera Smoliner Abellera DRDF-UPPI Ateneo DRDF-UPPI de Cagayan-Xavier University Dr. GraceDr. GraceEric T. Cruz Velandria T. Cruz DRDF-UPPI SJDRDF-UPPI Ateneo de Cagayan-Xavier University ConferenceConference Themes Themes and andAbstracts Abstracts 11 11 Dr. BennyDr. BennyDaniel Juliawan JuliawanMcNamara SJ Jesuit SJ SJ Jesuit Conference Ateneo Conference de Davao of Asia of University PaciAsia! Pacic ! c ConferenceConference Programme Programme 44 44 Fr. MarkFr.Dr. Mark LourdesRaper Raper SJ Simpol Jesuit SJ Jesuit ConferenceAteneo Conference de Davao of Asia of University PaciAsia! Pacic ! c Fr. JoséFr.Ms. JoséIgnacio Ana Ignacio Rosa Garcia Carmona Garcia Jimenez Jimenez University SJ Jesuit SJ of Jesuit EuropeanSt. La European Salle Social Social Centre Centre Fr. GabrielFr.Dr. Gabriel Craig Lamug-Nanawa Hutton Lamug-Nanawa University SJ Jesuit ofSJ Southampton, Jesuit Service Service – Cambodia –UK Cambodia FieldField Visits Visits Ms. JulieMs.Mayor JulieEdwards Henry Edwards AfableJesuit Jesuit Social Municipality Social Services Services of – Maydolong, Australia – Australia Eastern Samar Scho.Scho.Arch. Juzito VillaJuzito Rebelo Mae Rebelo LibutaqueSJ Jesuit SJ Jesuit Social TAMPEI Social Services Services – Timor – Timor Leste Leste SustainabilitySustainability Science Science 52 52 Scho.Scho.Ms. Julio Deanna Julio Sousa Sousa Marie SJ Jesuit SJ Olaguer Jesuit Social Social Manila Services Services Observatory – East – TimorEast Timor Scho.Scho.Ms. Albino Connille Albino Reibeiro AbelleraReibeiro Goncalves DRDF-UPPIGoncalves SJ Jesuit SJ Jesuit Social Social Services Services – Timor – Timor Leste Leste ScheduleSchedule of Activities of Activities 53 53 MayorMayorDr. Henry Grace Henry Afable T. Cruz Afable MunicipalityDRDF-UPPI Municipality of Maydolong, of Maydolong, Eastern Eastern Samar Samar BackgroundBackground 55 55 Mr. AndreasMr.(Rtd). Andreas Col. Carlgren Mario Carlgren Verner Newman Newman Monsanto Institute Institute CDRRMO - Cagayan de Oro City ObjectivesObjectives of the of Visitthe Visit 56 56 Scho.Scho.Mr. Edryan Benigno Edryan Paul Seraspe PaulColmenares Colmenares CDRRMC SJ Society -SJ Valencia Society of Jesus City of Jesus GuideGuide Questions Questions for Re for! ectionRe!ection 56 56 Scho.Scho.Mr. Lloyd Andreas Lloyd Sabio Sabio Carlgren SJ Society SJ SocietyNewman of Jesus of InstituteJesus AboutAbout the Sitesthe Sites 56 56 Dr. XavierDr.Ms. Xavier Julie Savarimuthu Edwards Savarimuthu Jesuit SJ St. SJ Social Xavier’s St. Xavier’sServices College, College, – Australia Kolkota Kolkota List Listof Participants of Participants 61 61 Arch.Arch.Ms. Villa Taka VillaMae Gani MaeLibutaque Jesuit Libutaque Refugee TAMPEI TAMPEI Service-Indonesia Prof. Prof.Ms.Sabine Jennie Sabine Henry Hickey Henry PhD Australian PhD University University Jesuit of Namur, ofProvince Namur, Belgium Belgium LocalLocal Wisdom, Wisdom, Risk Risk Resilience Resilience and andAdaptation Adaptation 62 62 Prof. Prof.Fr.Vincent José Vincent Ignacio Hallet Hallet PhD Garcia PhD University Jimenez University of SJ Namur, Jesuit of Namur, EuropeanBelgium Belgium Social Centre Dr. FrancoiseDr. FrancoiseBenny Orban Juliawan Orban Ferauge SJ Ferauge Jesuit University Conference University of Namur, of AsiaNamur, Belgium Paci Belgium!c ScheduleSchedule of Activities of Activities 63 63 Prof. Prof.Fr.Stéphane Gabriel Stéphane LeyensLamug-Nanawa Leyens PhD PhD University SJ University Jesuit of ServiceNamur, of Namur, –Belgium Cambodia Belgium BackgroundBackground 67 67 Dr. CraigDr. CraigXavier Hutton Hutton Savarimuthu University University of SJ Southampton, St. of Xavier’s Southampton, College, UK UK Kolkota ObjectivesObjectives of the of Visitthe Visit 67 67 Ms. AnaMs.Scho. RosaAna Edryan Rosa Carmona PaulCarmona Colmenares University University of SJ St. Loyola of La St. Salle La House Salle of Studies GuideGuide Questions Questions for Re for! ectionRe!ection 68 68 Ms. JulieMs.Scho. JulieHermesse Joseph Hermesse Patrick UCL, UCL,Belgium Echevarria Belgium SJ Loyola House of Studies AboutAbout the Sitesthe Sites 68 68 Ms. TakaMs.Scho. TakaGani Lloyd Gani Jesuit Sabio Jesuit Refugee SJ RefugeeLoyola Service-Indonesia House Service-Indonesia of Studies Ms. RonildaMs.Scho. Ronilda Juzito Co-Bacomo Co-BacomoRebelo SJWorld Jesuit World Vision Social Vision Services – Timor Leste List Listof Participants of Participants 73 73 Mr. JosephMr.Scho. Joseph Albino Labrador Labrador Reibeiro Environmental Environmental Goncalves Science SJ Jesuit Science for Social Social for Social Services Change Change – (ESSC) Timor (ESSC) Leste Mr. JoseMr.Scho. JoseAndres Julio Andres SousaIgnacio Ignacio SJ ESSCJesuit ESSC Social Services – Timor Leste YouthYouth and andValues Values Formation Formation 74 74 Dr. WilhelminaDr.Ms. Wilhelmina Mitchiko Clavano Aljas Clavano Environmental ESSC ESSC Science for Social Change (ESSC) ScheduleSchedule of Activities of Activities 75 75 Ms. IrisMs. Legal IrisDallay Legal ESSC Annawi ESSC ESSC BackgroundBackground 76 76 Ms. MarielMs.Mr. SaptarishiMariel de Jesus de JesusBandopadhay ESSC ESSC ESSC ObjectivesObjectives of the of Visitthe Visit 78 78 Mr. EmmanuelMr. EmmanuelEric Bruno Sambale ESSCSambale ESSC ESSC Ms. DallayMs.Dr. Wendy Dallay Annawi AnnawiClavano ESSC ESSC GuideGuide Questions Questions for Re for! ectionRe!ection 78 78 Mr. EricMr.Ms. Bruno EricMariel Bruno ESSCde Jesus ESSC ESSC AboutAbout the Sitesthe Sites 79 79 Ms. GraceMs. GraceCherie Duterte Duterte Domer ESSC ESSCESSC List Listof Participants of Participants 80 80 Ms. CherieMs.Mr. JoseCherie Domer Andres Domer ESSC Ignacio ESSC ESSC Ms. FreidaMs. FreidaSylvia Tabuena MiclatTabuena ESSC ESSC ESSC List Listof Maps: of Maps: Dr. PedroDr.Mr. PedroJoseph Walpole Walpole Labrador SJ ESSC SJ ESSC Ms. RowenaMs. RowenaIris LegalSoriaga Soriaga ESSC ESSC ESSC MapMap 1. Overview 1. Overview Map Map of Field of Field Visits Visits Ms. SylviaMs. SylviaJennifer Miclat Miclat OganiaESSC ESSC ESSC MapMap 2. Upland 2. Upland communities communities in Malaybalay in Malaybalay City, City, Bukidnon, Bukidnon, Philippines Philippines Ms. MitchikoMs.Mr. EmmanuelMitchiko Aljas Aljas ESSC Sambale ESSC ESSC Mr. Arnel Santander ESSC MapMap 3. Flood 3. Flood Zones Zones and andResettlement Resettlement Sites Sites - Cagayan - Cagayan de Oro de OroCity City Dr. JoselitoDr. Joselito Sandejas Sandejas ESSC ESSC Board Board Mrs. Mrs.Ms.Elenita Rowena Elenita Sandejas Sandejas Soriaga ESSC ESSC ESSC Board Board MapMap 4. Flood 4. Flood Zones Zones and andResettlement Resettlement Site Site- Valencia - Valencia City City Dr. TeresitaDr.Ms. Teresita Freida Perez Tabuena Perez ESSC ESSC Board ESSC Board Mr. GeorgeMr.Dr. PedroGeorge Aseniero Walpole Aseniero ESSC SJ ESSCESSC Board Board Fr. JoseFr.Mrs. JoseQuilongquilong Elenita Quilongquilong Sandejas SJ ESSC ESSC SJ BoardESSC Board Board LouisLouisDr. Catalan Joselito Catalan ESSC Sandejas ESSC Board Board ESSC Board RobertoRoberto Ansaldo Ansaldo ESSC ESSC Board Board Dr. AmorDr. Amor de Torres de Torres ESSC ESSC Board Board Ms. EvelynMs. Evelyn Clavano Clavano APC BoardAPC Board Fr. JoseniloFr. Josenilo Labra Labra SJ APC SJ BoardAPC Board Fr. MateoFr. Mateo Sanchez Sanchez SJ APC SJ BoardAPC Board

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