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Washington Department of Transportation OREGON DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION = WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION US 395 Corridor Study FINAL REPORT April 1995 US 395 Corridor Study Final Report April 14, 1995 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Purpose and Need Project Purpose Goals and Objectives Need for the Project Chapter 2. Existing Transportation Network Study Area Existing Highway Characteristics Travel Times Highway Safety Origin and Destination (OID) Survey Truck Survey Chapter 3. Regional and Local Context 3- 1 Natural Environment 3- 1 Land Use and Economies 3-4 Historical and Commercial Development of Corridor 3- 5 Agricultural Land Use 3-7 Public lnvolvement 3-8 Plans and Policies 3-9 Chapter 4. Design Standards and Unit Costs Typical Sections and Design Requirements Unit Costs Chapter 5. Development of Segment Alternatives Determination of Corridor Segments Segment Descriptions Chapter 6. Segment Evaluation Process Development of Criteria Evaluation Methodology Segment Evaluation The Segment Evaluation Process Chapter 7. Corridor Evaluation and Recommendations Corridor Alternatives Anaiysis sf Corridor Alternatives Evaluation of Corridor Alternatives Recommendations US 395 Corridor Study April 14, I995 Final Report Chapter 8. Public Comments 8- 1 References R- 1 List of Figures Figure 1-1. Study Area Figure 1-2. Western United States Figure 2-1 . Study Area Figure 2-2. Corridor Map Figure 2-3. External-to-External Travel Diagram Figure 2-4. Travel Diagram-Survey Site #8, US 395 North of Pasco Figure 2-5. Travel Diagram-Survey Site #4, US 395 at Pilot Rock Figure 2-6. Travel Diagram-Survey Site #5, WA 11 Figure 2-7. Travel Diagram-Survey Site, US 12 at Touchet Figure 2-8. Travel Diagram-Survey Site #6, 1-84 at Meacham Figure 4-1 . Typical Cross Section Figure 5-1. Corridor Segments Figure 5-2. Segments 2a, 2b, and 2c Figure 5-3. Segments 3a and 3b Figure 5-4. Segments 4a, 4b, and 4c Figure 5-5. Segments 5a and 5b Figure 5-6. Segments 6a and 6b Figure 5-7. Segments 7 and 7a Figure 5-8. Segments 8, 8a, and 8b Figure 5-9. Segments 1 and 9a/9b Figure 5- 10. Segment 10 Figure 7- 1 . Corridor Alternatives List of Tables Table 1-1. Existing & Projected US 395 Average Daily Traffic Table 2-1. Existing Highway Characteristics Summary Table 2-2. Level of Service Definitions Table 2-3. Level of Service - Threshold ADT Ranges Table 2-4. Estimated Minimum Travel Times By Corridor Page ii US 395 Corridor Study Final Report April 14, 1995 Table 2-5. Traffic Accidents Within the Study Area 1991-1994 2-12 Table 2-6. Summary of Truck Survey 2-26 Table 4-1. Summary of Design Standards Table 4-2. Summary of Unit Costs Table 6-1. Evaluation of the Tri-Cities Bypass Segments 6- 9 Table 6-2. Evaluation of the Walla Walla Bypass Segments 6-10 Table 6-3. Evaluation of the Central Segments 6-1 1 Table 6-4. Evaluation of the Hermiston Bypass Segments 6-1 2 Table 6-5. Evaluation of the US 12 and OR Il Segments 6-1 3 Table 7-1. Existing and Projected Average Daily Highway Volumes 7-5 Table 7-2. Relative Costs of Corridor Alternatives 7-7 Table 7-3. Estimated Minimum Travel Times by Alternative 7-9 Table 7-4. Corridor Evaluation Matrix 7-1 2 List of Appendices Appendix A Level of Service - Threshold ADT Ranges Appendix B O/D Survey and Truck Survey Questionnaires Appendix C O/D Survey Locations (Travel Diagrams) Appendix D Economic Analysis Survey Appendix E Public Participation Report Page iii US 395 Corridor Study April 14, 1995 Final Report Page iv US 395 Corridor Study Final Report April 14, 1995 Chapter 1 Purpose and Need The recent reductions of trade barriers through the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) increase the importance of north-south routes throughout the United States. In 1993, US 395 received status as a Congressionally Designated Highway of National Significance because it provides a significant north-south link between the Mexican and Canadian borders. The possibility of increased freight and passenger car traffic under NAFTA, combined with other regional and local growth during the next 20 years, may overload US 395. Project Purpose Currently, there is no direct link from US 395 north and east of Pasco to US 395 south of Pendleton. Between Pasco and Pendleton, US 395 follows 1-82 and 1-84 for much of the route with a diversion through the Tri-Cities area and Hermiston. South of the Pendleton area, US 395 operates as a two-lane highway with minimal shoulders and opportunities for passing. North of Pasco, US 395 was recently widened to a four-lane divided highway with full access control. As a result, the study area selected for this project encompasses an area between the eastern side of Pasco, Washington and Pendleton, Oregon. The study area is shown on Figure 1- 1. Long-standing questions exist among state and local officials as to where US 395 should be located through the study area. In question is whether the current alignment of US 395 best suits regional and local needs or would these needs be better served if US 395 was located in a different corridor. The answer to this question is the mainpurpose of this study. This study will look at this question from many perspectives to determine which corridor through the study area best meets regional and local needs. Goals and Objectives This study strives to look at the entire transportation needs of the region and thereby determine the best location for US 395. To address those needs, an extensive public involvement process was conducted. As part of this public involvement process, individuals from state, regional and local agencies, and local businesses were invited to participate in either a Policy Advisory Committee (PAC) or a Techmcal Advisory Committee (TAC). One of the early results of the public involvement process was to establish the goals and objectives for this project. Study participants were asked to identifl and rank what they considered were the most important needs of US 395. Based upon their responses, the PAC established the following goals for this stildy: Page 1-1 US 395 Corridor Shrdy April 14, 1995 Rnal Report Page 1-2 SCALE IN MILES Figure 1-1 I=- Study Area US 395 Corridor Study April 14, 1995 Final Report Define a US 395 corridor to serve both inter-regional and regional traffic needs in a location that is cost effective, environmentally/socially feasible, and acceptable to local governments. Define the level of development that will be required for the route and recommend the staging for implementing this level of development consistent with projected growth. Based on these goals the following objectives were developed for this study: Improve safety within the study area Reduce traffic congestion within the study area Minimize disruption to existing communities and land uses Reduce travel time within and through the study area Minimize cost of the proposed improvements. In October 1994, additional meetings were held with the PAC and TAC. During these meetings, committee members were presented with the public's view of the evaluation criteria, based on the results of the community meetings. The PAC and TAG members were then asked to identi@ what they viewed as the most important criteria for evaluating project alternatives. The committee members selected the following criteria as most important: Potential for serving more users Cost of the proposed improvements Engineering feasibility Reducing travel time. Need For The Project Between the Washington border and the eastern Montana border, there are currently six north-south highways as shown on Figure 1-2. The two principal routes are 1-5, located approximately 200 miles to the west of the US 395 corridor, and 1-15?located approximately 290 aniles to the east. Other significant routes, in addition to US 395, include US 97 in Washington, US 95 in Idaho and US 93 in Montana and Idaho. The lack of north-south -outes for many miles raises the importance of US 395 as a significant corridor. As a north- iuth regional highway, US 395 is strategically located between 1-5 and 1-1 5. The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) is currently planning to widen US 395 to a four-lane facility from the Canadian border to the Spokane area. Between Spokane and the Tri-Cities area, WSDOT has recently upgraded US 395 to a four-lane facility. Through the study area much of US 395 is routed over 1-182 and 1-82 in Washington and 1-84 in Oregon. US 395 does not share its roadway with other state or US routes through the Tri-Cities and Hermiston areas. South of the study area, US 395 is primarily a two-lane facility. In this area, the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) is studying or has planned a number of improvements for US 395. Page 1-4 Figure 1-2 - US 395 Corridor Western United States No Scale US 395 Corridor Study April 14. 1995 final Report Within the study area, there is a need to locate highway facilities to meet future freight and passenger traffic requirements. Overall traffic volumes are expected to increase throughout most of the study area over the next 20 years. Existing traffic on US 395 ranges from approximately 5,600 to 42,000 vehicles pe; day, as shown in Table 1-1. Future-year travel projections for US 395 increase this range to between 11,000 and 65,000 vehicles per day. Typical four-lane freeways in rural and suburban areas can carry from approximately 27,800 to nearly 40,000 vehicles per day per direction.
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