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2002 Stratigraphy in the Vicinity of the Daniel Boone National Forest Donald R. Chesnut Jr. University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u.

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Repository Citation Chesnut, Donald R. Jr., "Carboniferous Stratigraphy in the Vicinity of the Daniel Boone National Forest" (2002). Kentucky Geological Survey Map and Chart. 27. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/kgs_mc/27

This Map and Chart is brought to you for free and open access by the Kentucky Geological Survey at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kentucky Geological Survey Map and Chart by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. https://doi.org/10.13023/kgs.mc29.12 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP AND CHART 29 James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director Series XII, 2002 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON Hill Top, Ky. ft ft 1,300 Day Ridge at 1,200 Ridge WE Sandstone ft “Big Cutoff” Dutch sandstone Corbin Branch Carboniferous Stratigraphy in the Vicinity of the Daniel Boone 1,300 Barren ft WE sandstone Fork Pine Creek Sandstone overlook ft quarry at coal coal Natural Sandstone 1,200 1,100 { Arch Ky. 1193 Pine Creek Day Ridge Barren Fork coal 1,400 Tennessee Marshes Branch National Forest Highway Sandstone Sandstone Dupont 297 1,100 Tongue of Corbin Lodge 1,200 Rockcastle le 1,300 t sandstone Rockcastle Sandstone Rockcastle branch Rockcastle 1,100 Sandstone 1,000 Ss. South Fork Sandstone of Donald R. Chesnut Jr. of Spruce sandstone

Rockcas Cumberland 1,200 ? ? Creek 1,000 Cumberland ? River River Beaver Creek coal 1,100 Beaver Creek coal © 2002 by Kentucky Geological Survey, cutoff 1,000 University of Kentucky branch 1,100 900 Elevation South Fork of of Stearns No. 2 coal Gulf Fork Pine Creek Sandstone Barren

Cumberland Elevation Fork Yamacraw Barren Fork coal 1,000 River 900 1,000 coal Bridge 900 Stearns coal zone Alvy parking

Wilder (Stearns No.1½) coal zone Fentress Fm. parking lot Creek lot 800 (=Alvy Creek Fm.) parking lot parking 900 Stearns No. 1½ coal zone Formation Mid-Carboniferous unconformity Alvy Creek Formation Introduction may be present at the top of the Borden and at the base of the Slade Formation BridgeBridge at Leatherwood at Leatherwood FordFord Rockcastle Sandstone 900

800 Alvy Creek Formation (in the Renfro Member). Sable and Dever (1990) and Meyer and others (1997) 800 800 Middle Carboniferous strata on the western margin of the Eastern Kentucky 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Paragon Formation

Thousands of feet Mid-Carboniferous unconformity Mid-Carboniferous unconformity Falls water level 700 Coal Field crop out along a north–northeast-trending belt sometimes referred described the Fort Payne in more detail. below falls 0 1,000

Paragon Formation Cumberland Outcrop 1. Leatherwood Ford. Big South Fork of the 800 Alvy Creek Formation ft to as the western belt of outcrop of the central Appalachian Basin. This belt Paragon Formation 700 Slade Formation Cumberland National Recreational Area, Tennessee 700 0 1,000 also coincides with the Daniel Boone National Forest. These rocks are important 0 1,000 Outcrop 5. London Boat Dock section. Transect The Upper Slade Formation is composed largely of limestone 297, Honey Creek 7.5-minute quadrangle, Scott 0 1,000 ft because they contain coal, oil, and groundwater, and helped create the ruggedly County, Tenn. This outcrop is not on the cross section. ft along Kentucky 1193, Sawyer 7.5-minute with a few interbeds of thin shales or dolostones. The Slade Formation, made ft quadrangle, Laurel County, Ky. This outcrop is beautiful canyons, rapids, falls, and arches in the national forest and nearby Outcrop 3. Day Ridge. Natural Arch Scenic Area, Nevelsville 7.5-minute quadrangle, McCreary County, Ky. formal by Ettensohn and others (1984), comprises several members, but only Outcrop 2. Yamacraw Bridge to Hill Top, This outcrop is not on the cross section. Outcrop 4. State Resort Park. Cumberland Falls 7.5-minute quadrangle, McCreary and Whitley Counties, Ky. not on the cross section. state parks. This report describes the general stratigraphy of these Carboniferous the Mt. Vernon member and the Poppin Rock Member are shown at this scale. Kentucky. Kentucky 92, Barthell 7.5-minute rocks, and is designed to assist stratigraphers, coal geologists, forest managers, quadrangle, McCreary County, Ky. The Mt. Vernon (of Chesnut, 1992b) is an informal unit that conveniently groups science educators, and geology students. the thick limestones in the Slade that occur below the Poppin Rock Member. Two cross sections were constructed using two different types of information. The Mt. Vernon is equivalent to the limestones collectively referred to as the Information for the western cross section (A–A´) came from outcrop descriptions “Big Lime” by drillers. The Poppin Rock is a blue-gray limestone darker in color

(measured sections) and geologic maps, and was supplemented with sparse than the limestones of the Mt. Vernon. It is equivalent to the Bangor Limestone elevation of E Bernstadt Livingston Mount Vernon quadrangle quadrangle quadrangle overlook at 5 subsurface data (borehole descriptions and drillers’ logs and geophysical logs of southern Kentucky. The Slade thins to the north, where it was erosionally ft W Bee Rock E 6 F Pulaski County Laurel County Laurel Rockcastle 5 ft OVERPASS 8 from oil and gas wells). The eastern cross section (B–B´) was designed to truncated during the middle Carboniferous. In the northernmost part of the 1,100 W E County County 5 5 Corbin 5 1400 4 Sand Hill 7 5 Sandstone make the best use of subsurface data such as the numerous records from oil study area, it is absent in places. sandstone

and gas wells that penetrated the middle Carboniferous rocks at depth; few EXIT 59 The Slade carbonates were formed in a range of environments from shallow 1300 outcrop data were available for the eastern section. Sea level was the datum 1,000 Corbin Ss. open-marine to supratidal, in settings similar to those of the present-day h coal bed 5 9 for both cross sections. 4 EXIT 49 Halsey Roug Rockcastle 9 Bahamian Platform. Sandstone Corbin Sandstone, Lee Formation Rockcastle River 1200 Because of the rugged topography and the forest cover, much of the study 4 900 8 5 Hazel Patch sandstone 3 Livingston The Slade is the largest source of industrial and agricultural limestone and 5 New , Wood ed area is difficult to access. Cross sections of some important outcrops in state 0 Breathitt Formation coal b lime in eastern Kentucky. In the subsurface, the Slade (Big Lime) is an important 1100 Hazel Patch sandstone parks and other scenic areas are shown in insets. The locations of these 5 Stearns coal zone unconformity reservoir for oil. The largest cave systems in Kentucky (for example, Mammoth Alvy Creek 1 5 outcrops are shown on the cross sections and on the location map. 800 sandstone and shale 2 Formation A Cave, Sloans Valley Cave, Great Saltpeter Cave, Carter Caves) are also in Mid-Carboniferous Rockcastle Ss. reference datum unconformity 1000 0 Rockcastle River Stratigraphy the Slade Formation or equivalent units. y. 8 K ne ) Rockcastle Sandstone rmation esto Stratigraphic nomenclature for the Carboniferous and Upper strata Fo ation ) an Lim ocline Paragon Form ewm 700 tion (N Paragon Formation 900 ( Pennington orma Paragon Fm lade F follows that formalized by Chesnut (1992b). For more detailed descriptions, mber, S k Me Mount Vernon Mon The Paragon Formation, made formal by Ettensohn and others (1984), is Roc consult 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps published jointly by the U.S. Breathitt Formation Poppin composed of Upper Mississippian shales, siltstones, sandstones, thin limestones, 60 ft Ramey Creek – Tygarts Creek – Mill Knob Members, 800 Slade Formation ( Newman Limestone ) Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey. The particular quadrangle 600 1 mi bell Members ) Borden Formation and dolostones. Many of the shales are red and green. The Paragon was 0 cy, Cow that covers a particular segment of each cross section is indicated at the top 0 1 2 3 mi Ste. Genevieve Limestone, Slade FormationRenfro Member, Slade Formation an previously mapped in the study area as the Pennington Formation. Chesnut St. Louis Limestone, Slade Formation Gap, N of the section. County names are shown below quadrangle names. Geologic 700 ildie, Halls (1992b) formally placed the Paragon Formation in the Pennington Group, which ( W quadrangle maps may be purchased at the Kentucky Geological Survey. Outcrop 7. The Narrows of the Rockcastle River. Bee is recognized in other states in the central Appalachian Basin. The Paragon Outcrop 6. Lake Dam site. Sawyer 7.5-minute quadrangle, Laurel and Whitley Counties, Ky. For more detailed descriptions, see Greb and Chesnut (1989a). Rock Recreational Area, Ano 7.5-minute quadrangle, Outcrop 8. Billows area. Cross section along Ky. 80, Billows 7.5-minute quadrangle, Laurel and Laurel and Pulaski Counties, Ky. Pulaski Counties, Ky. For more detailed descriptions, see Greb and Chesnut (1989a, b) and Dever Chattanooga and Ohio Shales is erosionally truncated throughout the western belt of outcrop (see Chesnut, and others (1990). Outcrop 9. Series of roadcuts along Interstate 75. Bernstadt, Livingston, and Mount Vernon 7.5-minute quadrangles, Laurel and Rockcastle Counties, Ky. From The Chattanooga and Ohio Shales consist largely of Upper Devonian and 1988). It is locally absent in the northern part of the study area. The erosional Chesnut (1992a). For more detailed description, see Cobb and others (1981, stop 1). Lower Mississippian black shales. The term “Chattanooga Shale” is used in contact between the Paragon and the overlying strata is southern Kentucky and is equivalent to the , , recognized as the mid-Carboniferous unconformity (or Mississippian- , and in northeastern Kentucky. The Sunbury, Berea, Pennsylvanian unconformity; see Chesnut, 1988). ft ft SW NE and Bedford become too thin to recognize in outcrops to the south. The gamma- W E 1,300 ft The variety of rock types in the Paragon reflect a variety of depositional NE 1,400 Tunnel ft ft ray signatures of these units are distinctive on oil and gas geophysical logs Ridge 1,300 environments, including shallow open-marine, intertidal, supratidal, tidal channel, Tunnel 1,000 Fire Clay coal Natural Ridge and scintillometer readings from the study area, however. These strata thicken SW Grayhawk coal Bridge 10m Zachariah 1,000 and vegetated coastal lowlands. Betsie Shale Mbr. coal bed 1,300 Whittleton Ridge Sh to the north, where intervening gray shales and sandstones also become thicker ft Corbin Ss Mbr. 0 Grahn Breathitt Group Little Caney Fm. and more common. The lowest gray shale in the study area is the “Upper 900 1,200 1,200 Hyden Beattyville coal coal ? Olentangy Shale.” Overlying the Upper Olentangy is the Ohio Shale. In northern The Breathitt Group is composed of shales, siltstones, sandstones, and 1,200 Grayhawk coal 900 parts of the study area, the Ohio is divided into several shale units, which are, coals. Thin limestones, flint clays, and other lithologies are uncommon. Chesnut Corbin 900 coal

Grundy Formation unit 2 Corbin Ss.Pikeville Fm. in ascending order, the Lower Huron (black shale), Middle Huron (gray shale), (1992b) formally elevated the Breathitt Formation to group status. The Breathitt coal ? Corbin Sandstone Nada coal

1,100 Fm. Sandstone Grundy Fm.

800 Clear Branch 1,100 Mid-Carboniferous 1,100 Tunnel Pikeville Upper Huron (black shale), Three Lick Beds (series of thin gray shales), and is subdivided into formations based on the occurrence of extensive marine Corbin Ss. unconformity Elevation Olive Hill clay bed the (black shale). The Upper Olentangy and Ohio Shales are strata or extensive quartzarenites (quartzose sandstones). Important paleo- unit 1 ? channel Heidelberg 1,000 800 Licking River Mid-Carboniferous Blackwater Creek Upper Devonian. Overlying the Ohio Shale are the Upper Devonian gray quartzarenites mapped in the study area are, in ascending order, the Livingston Grundy Fm. 800 Corbin Sandstone Formation

unconformity Alvy Creek Grays 700 road 1,000 Slade Mid-Carboniferous water level Conglomerate (of the Sewanee Sandstone Formation), the Rockcastle and Kentucky River Paragon paleokarst Grundy Grundy Formation Branch Bedford Shale and Berea Sandstone. The Lower Mississippian Sunbury Shale, Middle Fork Moreland Branch Formation Slade Limestone level Formation Fm. unconformity a black shale, overlies the Berea and Bedford. Pine Creek Sandstones (of the Bee Rock Formation), the Hazel Patch Sandstone, 900 of Red 1,000 Mill Knob Mid-Carboniferous Olive Hill River Mid-Carboniferous Mbr. unconformity Little Sinking Creek axis of Slade Nada Member, uncomformity flint clay bed and the Corbin Sandstone (of the Grundy Formation). Unnamed quartzarenites Limestone Borden Fm. Corbin Ss. paleochannel 700 Grundy Fm. The black shales were probably deposited at the bottom of fairly deep Mid-Carboniferous Renfro Mbr. Slade Limestone are recognized in the subsurface in the southern part of cross section B–B´. 600 800 unconformity 900 Borden Formation Nada Member, Borden Fm. dysaerobic (low oxygen content) seas. Gray shales represent deposition of Cowbell Member, Slade Formation Borden Fm. 700 The coal-bearing strata of the Breathitt Group, in ascending order, are the Alvy Borden Fm. Slade Limestone Paragon Fm. siliciclastics in more oxygenated bottom conditions. 900 0 1 2 3 4 mi 0 1 2 3 mi Creek, Grundy, Pikeville, Hyden, Four Corners, and Princess Formations, made 0 1 2 3 4 mi 0 1 2 3 mi Outcrop 14. Frenchburg outcrop along Ky. 460. South of Frenchburg, 0 1 2 3 mi 700 Scranton 7.5-minute quadrangle, Menifee County, Ky. For more detailed The Ohio and Chattanooga Shales have been evaluated for use as an oil formal by Chesnut (1992b). All formations in the Breathitt Group thin to the 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 mi Outcrop 13. Nada Tunnel. , Slade Outcrop 10. Paleochannel at Mid-Carboniferous Outcrop 12. Mountain Parkway at Tunnel Ridge. 7.5-minute quadrangle, Powell County, Ky. This description, see Greb and others (1992). This outcrop is not on the Outcrop 15. . Confluence of Outcrop 16. Grahn. Grahn 7.5-minute quadrangle, shale. This unit is the source rock for most of the oil found in eastern Kentucky, north. unconformity. Heidelberg, Heidelberg 7.5-minute Vicinity of mile marker 35, Slade 7.5-minute cross section. Blackwater Creek and Licking River, Ezel Carter County, Ky. For more detailed description, Outcrop 11. Natural Bridge State Resort Park. Slade 7.5-minute quadrangle, Powell County, Ky. outcrop is not on the cross section. and is the largest producer of gas in that region. quadrangle, Lee County, Ky. quadrangle, Powell County, Ky. This outcrop is 7.5-minute quadrangle, Morgan County, Ky. see Chesnut and others (1992c). This outcrop is The strata of the Breathitt Group formed in marine and coastal lowland not on the cross section. not on the cross section. Borden Formation settings. The quartzarenites formed mostly in large-scale fluvial channels, The Lower Mississippian Borden Formation consists of shales, siltstones, although later stages of aggradation indicate some tidal influence, probably and sandstones. The Borden thickens to the northeast and thins to almost zero the result of changing sea levels. For more information on depositional E thickness in the southernmost part of the study area. The Borden has been environments of the quartzarenites, see Archer and Greb (1995) and Greb and W divided into several members, which are not shown here. See Sable and Dever Chesnut (1996). Other sandstones and finer grained siliciclastics formed in (1990) for a more detailed discussion of Borden stratigraphy. shallow restricted-marine to alluvial-plain environments, including smaller scale fluvial-dominated settings, tidal channels, tidal flats, crevasse splays, distributary The Borden siliciclastics were deposited as a subaqueous delta that prograded bars, sea fills, overbank deposits, and paleosols (for more information on 10 ft 3 m to the southwest in marine seas. Environments represented by members of Oneida North Barthell Wiborg Cumberland Sawyer Ano Billows Livingston Parrot Sandgap McKee Heidelberg Cobhill Zachariah Slade Pomeroyton Scranton Ezel Wrigley Ault Grahn Tygarts Oldtown Greenup 7½ -minute quadrangles depositional environments, see Cobb and others, 1981). Coals formed from Falls Valley the Borden include distal and proximal prodelta, delta front, and delta top. McCreary Whitley Laurel Laurel Pulaski Rockcastle Laurel Jackson Lee Powell Wolfe Menifee Morgan Elliott Carter Greenup Argillite Counties peats deposited in channel-fill mires and in extensive coastal-lowland mires. OUTCROP 2 Pulaski OUTCROP 9 Laurel Rockcastle Owsley OUTCROP 11 vicinity of OUTCROP 8 Rockcastle vicinity of Natural Bridge ' A OUTCROP 7 River A Elevation The shales of the Borden have been used to make tile and brick products. Changing sea level was a controlling factor in deposition of the Pennsylvanian Yamacraw OUTCROP 4 Rockcastle Rockcastle Livingston State Resort Park in feet Ss. Bridge at I-75 Corbin Channel 1400 OUTCROP 6 River at Ky. 80 1400 Falls “Narrows” Corbin Sandstone OUTCROP 15 Freestone was quarried from some of the siltstone and sandstone beds in strata (Chesnut, 1994). Laurel Lake OUTCROP 18

Ss. Dam vicinity of Hazel Patch 1300 OUTCROP 10 Cave Run vicinity of 1300 northern Kentucky. Sandstones in the Borden are reservoirs for oil and gas in Carter Caves

Almost all of the coal produced in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field has been Ss. Heidelberg Lake Dam OUTCROP 19 Pine Creek t State Resort Park some parts of eastern Kentucky. 1200 vicinity of 1200

Ss. ? ? hr Rock- from the coal-bearing rocks of the Breathitt Group. The names of the numerous castle fc Bee Rock Ss Rock Bee 1100 1100 bf g State Resort Park

Fort Payne Formation coal beds encountered in the cross sections are shown in the legend. All coals Breathitt Group Grundy lc gh

PENNSYLVANIAN st nl Paragon Formation be s in the study area are high-volatile bituminous in rank and have been mined for Carboniferous 1000 z bu m 1000 The Lower Mississippian Fort Payne Formation is composed of siliceous formation l Formation Alvy Creek Grundy Formation bf Alvy Creek 900 Grundy Formation g p3 Ohio 900 Corbin Sandstone limestone and dolomitic siltstone and shale. It occurs only in the southern part over 100 years. Economically recoverable coals have been largely mined out Stratigraphy in the st tc fw River of the study area, where its thickness is indirectly proportional to the thickness in the study area. 800 Formation ? 800 Outcrop 17. Gregoryville. Outcrop on Interstate 64 at mile marker 166, Grahn 7.5-minute quadrangle, Vicinity of the Daniel st Livingston Conglomerate Paragon of the underlying Borden Formation. Thin lateral equivalents of the Fort Payne Formation 700 700 Carter County, Ky. For more detailed descriptions, see Chesnut and others (1992a, b). This outcrop st is not on the cross section. Boone National Forest Carter 600 Rock 600

Poppin ? Member Caves ? Sandstone ? 500 Grayson ? 500 Paragon Sandstone Borden Formation Formation ?

Slade Formation 400 400 member Mt. Vernon Borden Formation MISSISSIPPIAN References Cited 300 300 Renfro Mbr., Slade Fm. cabins Fms. Salem Archer, A.W., and Greb, S.F., 1995, An Amazon-scale drainage system in the Early Pennsylvanian Dever, G.R., Jr., Greb, S.F., Moody, J.R., Chesnut, D.R., Jr., Kepferle, R.C., and Sergeant, R.E., Warsaw 200 200 of central North America: Journal of Geology, v. 103, p. 611–628. 1990, Tectonic implications of depositional and erosional features in Carboniferous rocks of unnamed Fort

Payne 100 Formation 100 sandy member Mid-Carboniferous Grayson sandstone

south-central Kentucky (guidebook and roadlog for Geological Society of Kentucky 1990 field Pikeville Fm. Chesnut, D.R., 1988, Stratigraphic analysis of the Carboniferous rocks of the central Appalachian unconformity

conference): Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, 53 p. Borden 0 0 Grundy Fm. Formation Basin: Lexington, University of Kentucky, doctoral dissertation, 297 p. Sunbury

Shale Carter Caves Sandstone Ettensohn, F.R., Rice, C.L., Dever, G.R., Jr., and Chesnut, D.R., 1984, Slade and Paragon Formations— -100 Shale -100 Carter Caves Mbr., Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1992a, Geologic highway cross section: Interstate Highway 75, Conway, New stratigraphic nomenclature for Mississippian rocks along the Cumberland Escarpment Chattanooga Paragon Fm. -200 -200 Kentucky–Jellico, Tennessee: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Map and Chart Series 3, in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1605, 37 p. DEVONIAN Berea 1 sheet. Sandstone -300 -300 Greb, S.F., and Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1989a, Geology of Lower Pennsylvanian strata along the western Slade Fm. Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1992b, Stratigraphic and structural framework of the Carboniferous rocks of the outcrop belt of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, in Cobb, J.C., coord., Geology of the Lower -400 -400 Ohio Shale central Appalachian Basin: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Bulletin 3, 99 p. Pennsylvanian in Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois: Illinois Basin Consortium, Illinois Basin Studies CROSS SECTION EXPLANATION Cave Branch N -500 -500 Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1994, Eustatic and tectonic control of deposition of the Lower and Middle 1, p. 2–25. Slade Fm. S Princess -600 Pennsylvanian strata of the central Appalachian Basin, in Dennison, J.M., and Ettensohn, -600 Creek Smoky No. 3 coal Greb, S.F., and Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1989b, Stop 18—Billows: Unconformity and Lower Pennsylvanian Red and green shale ft F.R., eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary depositional features, in Cecil, C.B., and Eble, C., eds., Geology of the Carboniferous rocks -700 Upper Olentangy Shale -700 Cowbell Mbr., Borden Fm. Topography Geology) Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, v. 4, p. 51–64. of the eastern United States: 28th International Geological Congress, field trip 143, p. 60–64. Sandstone 800 -800 -800 Claylick Creek Glencairn Fault of the Chesnut, D.R., Jr., Greb, S.F., and Eble, C.F., 1992a, Breathitt Formation and coal-forming environments, Zone Fault Creek Irvine–Paint Greb, S.F., and Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1996, Lower and lower Middle Pennsylvanian fluvial to estuarine -900 -900 in Ettensohn, F.R., ed., Changing interpretations of Kentucky geology—Layer-cake, facies, deposition, central Appalachian Basin: Effects of eustacy, tectonics, and climate: Geological Quartzose sandstone flexure, and eustacy: Ohio Division of Geology, Miscellaneous Report 5, p. 119–120. Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, no. 3, p. 303–317. Borehole -1000 -1000 or oil and Black shale Greenbo Chesnut, D.R., Jr., Greb, S.F., Eble, C., and Rice, C.L., 1992b, Stop 9: Gregoryville exposure on I- Greb, S.F., Chesnut, D.R., Jr., and Eble, C., 1992, Coastal and terrestrial environments of the lower gas well -1100 -1100 Lake 64 in Kentucky—An examination of two middle Carboniferous depositional models, in Rice, Limestone 700 Breathitt and Lee Formations (lower Middle Pennsylvanian), near Frenchburg, Kentucky, in -1200 -1200 C.L., Martino, R.L., and Slucher, E.R., eds., Regional aspects of Pottsville and Allegheny Cecil, C.B., and Eble, C.F., eds., Paleoclimate controls on Carboniferous sedimentation and stratigraphy and depositional environments, Ohio and Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open- Blue-gray or cyclic stratigraphy in the Appalachian Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92- dolomitic limestone

File Report 92-558, p. 47–55. Four Corners Fm. 546, p. 90–101. 300 ft Shale with sandstone Chesnut, D.R., Jr., Greb, S.F., and Ettensohn, F.R., 1992c, Lee Formation and the Mississippian- Meyer, D.L., Potter, P.E., Thies, J.L., Ausich, W.I., and Leslie, S.A., 1997, A deep-to-shallow transition Cross Section A–A' Pennsylvanian contact, in Ettensohn, F.R., ed., Changing interpretations of Kentucky geology— 200 ft in the Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian), Kentucky Highway 61, Cumberland County, Coal (Breathitt Group only) 600 Layer-cake, facies, flexure, and eustacy: Ohio Division of Geology, Miscellaneous Report 5, Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Map and Chart 12, 1 sheet. 100 ft p. 113–118. 5 mi noted feature Grayson Ss. Pikeville–Four Corners Fms. Sable, E.G., and Dever, G.R., Jr., 1990, Mississippian rocks in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey 0 8 km B B' Cobb, J.C., Chesnut, D.R., Hester, N.C., and Hower, J.C., 1981, Coal and coal-bearing rocks of Professional Paper 1503, 125 p. Outcrop section Ketchen Rock- Corbin Heidrick Sandy Bolts Catletts- eastern Kentucky (guidebook and roadlog for Coal Division of Geological Society of America figured separately Holly Hill Williamsburg Wofford holds Blackwater Manchester Maulden Booneville Cowcreek Tallega Jackson Landsaw Lee City Cannel City White Oak Lenox Hook Isonville Bruin Willard Rush Ashland burg 7½ -minute quadrangles wr Fork field trip no. 14): Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, 169 p. Whitley Knox Laurel Clay Owsley Breathitt Wolfe Morgan Elliott Carter Boyd Lawrence Counties Symbol Coal Bed Symbol Coal Bed 1900 McCreary 0 1 2 3 mi up KENTUCKY OHIO ad Adele ni Nickell 1800 am Amburgy nl New Livingston Hyden Formation jo Outcrop 19. Greenbo Lake State Park dam bc Beaver Creek p3 Princess No.3 1700 site. Argillite 7.5-minute quadrangle, Greenup be Beattyville p5 Princess No.5 1600 Rockcastle County, Ky. bf Barren Fork p7 Princess No.7 River bg Blue Gem po Peach Orchard Uplift bu Bruin rg River Gem 1500 North Fork, Little Sandy Elevation Kentucky Irvine–Paint Fault in feet cc Caney Creek st Stearns zone j South Fork, River Creek Fault e3 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 t Tattlers 1400 Kentucky Allegheny 1400 LOCATION MAP fc lbg bg River Synclinorum OHIO Fire Clay tc Tom Cooper Pikeville Formation Four Corners Formation Sandy Hook fw Fire Clay-Whitesburg up Upper Pioneer 1300 lbg j Caney Anticline 1300 g Grassy Vires bg Anticline Outcrop 18. Carter Caves State Resort Park. Grahn 7.5-minute vi bg Mg Sh gh Grayhawk wr Windrock 1200 fc fc po 1200 quadrangle, Carter County, Ky. rg am ni hr Halsey Rough z Zachariah ad la hu Huckleberry 1100 Hyden Formation 1100 Symbol hu e3 le A j Jellico Minor unit lcr Mg Sh. p7 A Ls. 1000 1000 Mason jo Jordan Mg Sh. Magoffin Shale Member Breathitt Group ms Greenup n e3 BC Ls. Lewis l Livingston A Ls. Ames Limestone PENNSYLVANIAN Corbin Sandstone m j g cc BC Ls. la Laurel BC Ls. Brush Creek Limestone Grundy Formation 900 g fc Conemaugh Formation 900 19 B hr vi Mg Sh. lbg Little Blue Gem Pikeville BC Ls. 18 Geologic details questioned 800 800 Fleming lc Little Caney ? cc g p7 Formation

Grundy Formation Conemaugh Boyd lcr Lacey Creek due to lack of data mn Formation Sandstone Nicholas 17 Creek Pine 700 bf Carter le Lenox Corbin Sandstone lcr p5 700 16 mn Manchester Other coals are unnamed ? Rowan WEST ms Mudseam or unidentified 600 ? ? Princess Formation 600 Bourbon Bath Elliott Bee Rock Sandstone WE Sandstone Montgomery VIRGINIA Rockcastle 500 bc 500 Lawrence st Corbin Sandstone Four Corners Formation Fayette 400 400 Menifee Paragon Formation Clark Paragon Formation Hyden Formation 14 15 300 Grundy Formation 300 Jessa- Powell Morgan Johnson Pikeville Formation Breathitt Group mine 13 12 Martin formation Creek Alvy 200 200 Magoffin Paragon Formation Madison 11 Wolfe 100 Corbin 100 Estill Sandstone Paragon

Garrard Formation 0 Lee Floyd 0 Boyle Fm.

10 -100 Slade Breathitt Sunbury Shale Slade Formation -100 Jackson Pike

Member Grundy Formation Lincoln Poppin Rock -200 -200 Owsley Knott -300 Bedford Shale Rockcastle Berea Sandstone -300 Slade Formation Slade

member Bedford Shale Casey Perry Vernon Mt. Borden Formation MISSISSIPPIAN -400 9 n Formation -400 Clay Cleveland Member -500 Letcher Upper Huron Member -500 Pulaski 8 Laurel 20 Leslie VIRGINIA Fort Payne Adair Formation -600 Three Lick Beds MiddleHuron Member -600 Borden 7 Formation Lower Huron Member Russell -700 -700 5 6 Upper Olentangy Member Knox Outcrop section shown Shale 20 -800 -800 Wayne 4 Harlan in detail Chattanooga 300 ft 3 -900 -900

DEVONIAN 200 ft Whitley Bell For information on obtaining copies of 2 Pre-Pennsylvanian -1000 -1000 this map and other Kentucky Clinton 100 ft

McCreary ShaleBorde Chattanooga Geological Survey maps and 5 mi publications call: Pennsylvanian A B 0 8 km Outcrop 20. Daniel Boone Parkway. Near the Manchester exit, Manchester 7.5-minute quadrangle, Clay County, Publication Sales Ky. For more detailed description, see Cobb and others (1981, stop 2). This outcrop is not on the cross section. 859.257.3896 1 TENNESSEE Daniel Boone National Cross Section B–B' View the KGS World Wide Web site at Forest Boundary www.uky.edu/kgs