Volume 5 Number 1 Article 13

5-15-1978

An Inklings Bibliography (6)

Joe R. Christopher

Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore

Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons

Recommended Citation Christopher, Joe R. (1978) "An Inklings Bibliography (6)," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 5 : No. 1 , Article 13. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol5/iss1/13

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm

Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm

Abstract A series of bibliographies of primary and secondary works concerning the Inklings.

This article is available in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol5/iss1/13 AN INKLING BIBLIOGRAPHY (6) Compiled by Joe R. Christopher

“An Inklings Bibliography” is an annotated checklist appearing in publisher. (f) "New Books" (pp. 10-12). C. E. N[oad] each issue of Mythlore and covering both primary and secondary reviews Daniel Grotta-Kurska's J. R. R. Tolkien: Archi­ materials on J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and the tect of Middle Earth (p. 10). Lots of trivial errors. other Inklings. This installment covers most of the journals regularly C. E. N CoacQ reviews Clyde S. Kilby's Tolkien and "" (p. 11). Noad points out one error in discussing the Inklings for January through March 1977, with a selec­ Kilby's account of the early history of Middle-earth; tion of other material. Authors and readers are encouraged to send otherwise, he finds it biographically interesting. off-prints or bibliographic references to the compiler, Jessica Kemball-Cook reviews J. E. A. Tyler's The Dr. J. R. Christopher Tolkien Companion (p. 12). She points to several English Department minor errors, lists four reviews, and discusses a Tarleton State University few curious aspects of the book. (g) Jessica Kemball- Stephenville, TX 76402 U.S.A. Cook, "The " (pp. 13-14). Separately annotated, (h) Simon Musk and Jessica Kemball-Cook: two review- (For this sixth installment, items or information were provided by n o te s on J . R. R. T o lk ie n 's The Father Christmas Let­ Jessica Kemball-Cook and Kan Lindskoog.) te r s (p. 15). Praise for the book, with some mention of British publicity. (i) Jessica Kemball-Cook, Allan, Jim. A Speculation on "The Silm arillion". "Susan Cooper" (p. 16). An appreciation of Cooper's Baltimore, Maryland: T-K Graphics, 1977. [The work, with a mention of the secret of Bran's birthday place, publisher, and date are omitted; the latter in The Grey King indicating knowledge of Lewis and two are mentioned in the introductory note, p. (3) .] Williams. Note: this the following two items are part No pagination [24 pp., not counting the stiff of a survey of recent children's fantasy. (i2) Jessica covers of the chapbook]. [References to C. S. Kemball-Cook, "Alan Garner" (p. 17). Garner's The Lewis, pp. (16), (21), (22n); to W. H. Lewis, Weirdstone of Brisingamen , his first book, is said to p. (22n) .] be in the Tolkien tradition; Garner then attacked that A summary of what is known of Tolkien's invented tradition and moved away from it. Lewis is mentioned myths, w ritten before the publication of Humphrey in passing. (i3) Jessica Kemball-Cook, "For Reference" Carpenter's Tolkien: A Biography and Tolkien's The (p. 19). Three reference books on children's books Silmarillion. The substance is divided into nine sec­ with comments on Tolkien and Lewis. (j) "Letters" (pp. tions, with rows of asterisks between them. After the 20- 22) . first, introductory section (pp. [3-5]), Allan sums up the material on the creation and the Valar (pp. [5-8]); A ppendix, No. Q (February 1977), i, 1-19. Edited by the races of Middle-earth (pp. [8-11]) , with a discus­ Philip and Marci Helms for the American Tolkien sion of the subdivisions of the elves (pp. [11-13]); S o c ie ty . the early history of the Eldar through the coming of The main contents: (a) C[ynthia] Slims] Millan, "Bil­ the Noldor to Middle-earth in exile (pp. [13-15] ) ; the bo" (p. i). Drawing. (b) Marci Helms, "Editorial realms and kingdoms of Beleriand, and the history of Comments" (p. 2 ). (c) " S ilm a r illio n News" (p. 3 ) . A the elves through the marriage of and Cele- comparison of the Houghton M ifflin and the George Allen ( born (pp. [15-16]); the early history of the Edain, Unwin publicity releases. (d) James Strick, "Elves" including the love of Beren for Luthien, the parentage (pp. 4-5). A brief article which surveys Tolkien's of Earendil, and the concluding of the war with Morgoth references to elves in The H obbit and The Lord of the (pp. [16-19]); and the end of the First Age through the R in g s, and compares the comments of James Allan and founding of Numenor (pp. [19-20]). The conclusion (pp. Robert Foster trying to make order out of Tolkien's [20—21] ) discusses reasons for the slowness of Tolkien's references. (e) Marci Helms, "Mathoms" [a column] publishing of the book. (p. 6). A biographical sketch of C. S. Millan, the Bibliographic note: the basic material in this artist of "Bilbo" — cf. (a) above. (f) Charles Nel­ chapbook was published originally in M ellryn 7 and 8 son, "Teaching Tolkien" (pp. 7-11). Separately anno­ (1973 and 1974) as "The Story of The Silm arillion"; tated. (g) Marci Helms, "Drawings by Tolkien" (p. 12). a chapbook was published by , An A report on the British exhibit at the Ashmolean Extrapolation on "The Silm arillion" , in 1975, being a Museum, , and The National Book League, London, revxsed version of these articles (this chapbook was of "Drawings by Tolkien"; the catalogue is also des­ listed in "An Inklings Bibliography [4]"); for reasons cribed. (h) L [ouis] J. Halle, "History through the detailed in Jim Allan's "A Statement," Amon Hen, No. Mind's Eye" (pp. 13-14). A five-paragraph excerpt 24 (February 1977), 15, this chapbook was suppressed; (not so identified) from a review of The Lord o f the the current chapbook is slightly revised in content R ings; reprinted from The Saturday Review, 39:4 (28 but is essentially the same work, without the produc­ January 1956), 11-12, where it appeared with a repro­ tion errors of the first chapbook. duction of the map of and . (i) Michael Straight, "The Fantastic World of Professor Tolkien" Amon Hen: The Bulletin of the Tolkien Society, No. 22 (pp. 15-18). A review of r e ­ (October 1976) , 1-24. Edited by Jessica Kemball- printed from The Hew Republic, 134:3/2147 (16 January Cook. 1956), 24-26. The Tolkien-related contents: (a) Jessica Kemball-Cook, "From the Hill of Sight" (p. 2) . An editorial. (b) Stephen Lines, "" (p. 3). A drawing. (c) The Bakshi, Ralph (director). W izards. A full-length, Northfarthing Smial, "Oxonmoot" (pp. 4-5). An account animated film, released in 1977. PG rating; of an annual meeting, including visits to the graves distributed by Twentieth Century Fox. of Tolkien, Williams, and Lewis; the Kilns and surround­ Ralph Bakshi, known for such X-rated animated films as ing area, in the company of Humphrey Carpenter; Pris­ Fritz the Cat and Heavy Traffic, w ill next produce an cilla Tolkien's home, with the Rev. Walter Hooper also animated version of The Lord of the Rings. Two reviews there; and the and Child pub. Priscilla Tolkien and an editorial stress this emphasis: (a) Phil and told of her visit to America. (d) Mike Bunce and Marci Helms, " by Bakshi," A ppendix, No. 0. James Eisner, "Summermoot"; James Eisner, "Mar-Enforod- (December 1976), 3-4, 15. A review of a preview show­ waith"; anonymous, a meeting of the Northfarthing smial ing; the film was followed by a question-and-answer (pp. 6-7). Meeting reports. (e) Paul Segal, "Lord, o f session with Bakshi, in which most of the questions th e Rings — Reader's Digestion Style" (pp. 8-9). A reported here involve his production of three films what-if account of Tolkien submitting his ms. to a mass on The Lord of the Rings. (b) Bernard A. Zuber, Film 40 Review: W iza rd s," Fantasiae: The Monthly Bulletin of Bibliographies, by Robert E. Briney and Edward Wood The Fantasy Association, 5:3/48 (March 1977), 3-4, 7. (1972), which seems to have been a major source for Zuber mentions The Lord of the Rings w ill be made in the material here. It should be noted that all three two films, not the three the Helmses report. (The of the Lewis works — the Trilogy, the Chronicles, Of original announcement was three; the number is now re­ Other Worlds — as well as the Lewis checklist, make ported at two.) Zuber also offers a paragraph on the core collection. Finally, the "Library Collec­ W izards which is directly tied to Tolkien matters: "Tol­ tions" includes the holdings of the Wade Collection at kien fans should look for two scenes that are obviously Wheaton (p. 396), but it misses the Tolkien mss. at based on Tolkien material and should be an indication Marquette. In addition to the items mentioned in this of Bakshi's approach to LotR. When Weehawk tan e lf ] annotation, a number of comparisons to the Inklings falls into a pit he vainly swings his sword at noxious and other associated items appear (cf. the page ref­ and debilitating fumes. Suddenly an evil shape rears erences in the heading above.) before him. As Peace [a robot] comes to the rescue and shoots it down, the monster flails spidery limbs Berger, Harold L. Science Fiction and the Hew Dark and the comparison with is unavoidable. In the Age. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green Univer­ final battle scene there is a quick glimpse of an elfin sity Popular Press, 1976. xii + 232 pp. Biblio­ warrior maiden fighting off a dark warrior mounted on graphy; index of authors and titles. [References a flying dragon. Nazgul, anyone?" (p. 4) (c) Glen H. to Lewis, pp. xi, 10-16, 122-123, 203n, 222.] GoodKnight, "W izards — Dism al Warm-up fo r LotR F ilm ," "The anti-utopias of modern science fiction are the M yth lo re, 4:4/16 (June 1977), 11 (with two stills from subject of this study" (p. x). Berger divides his the film ). GoodKnight writes an editorial against book into three sections: The Threat of Science (pp. Bakshi's making of the film of The Lord of the Rings, 3-85), The New Tyrannies (pp. 86-146), and Catastrophe based on seeing W izards. "The animation, especially (pp. 147-198). He seems most interested in the third that of the characters, is too crude to handle the section, particularly the problem of world population; subtlety of Tolkien’s various personalities." Good­ but his treatment of the material is much the same in Knight lists five elements which are artistic shortcuts all sections: he subdivides each section, and describes or borrowings from other sources. He adds, "There are a substantial number of science-fiction works — mostly a number of thematic borrowings from Tolkien: a giant novels — which deal with the subsection's theme. It spider, the castle of the bad guy falling apart at the is this emphasis on individual works which distinguish­ climax, etc." Finally, GoodKnight does not find any es this book from such a survey of ideas and major moral vision in the work. works as Chad Walsh's From U topia to N ightm are; B erger probably averages a book every two pages. Barron, -Neil (ed.) Anatomy of Wonder: Science Fiction . Berger discusses Lewis in the first subsection — In "Eibliographic Guides for Contemporary Collec­ "The Hostility to Science" — of the first chapter. tions" series. New York: R. R. Bowker Company, Berger's tendency to take invented details slightly 1976. xxii + 472 pp. Selective index. [References too seriously is indicated in his opening statement: to Lewis, pp. xviii, xix, 73, 89, 93, 96, 112, 115, "Lewis combines anti-scientism with religious moral- 119, 220-221, 285, 293, 295, 324, 333, 346-350, 353, ism to argue seriously and vigorously that the super­ 356, 360, 387, 390, 391, 396; to Tolkien, pp. 85, natural Satanic powers of the universe are attempting 88-89, 93-97, 115, 119, 199, 221, 277, 346-348, 356, to establish a reign of evil incarnate on earth and 396; to Williams, pp. 89, 93, 115, 347, 356, 396.] are using the scientific community as the principal A substantial, annotated listing of over 1,100 science- instrument of their grand design" (p. 10). Berger's fiction works and criticism , which may well be the discussion modifies this overstatement: "a reading of standard library guide for the immediate future. The the trilogy and Lewis's other writings on ethics and basic listing of science-fiction works is in five sec­ r e lig io n [The A b o litio n o f Man3 Mere C h r is tia n ity j and tions, each consisting of an opening essay on the period The Screwtape Letters are cited in a footnote] reveals or type followed by a bibliography: Robert M. Philmus, that an enlightened humanism founded on Christian "Science Fiction: From Its Beginning to 1870" (pp. 3- theology . . . characterizes his leanings" (p. 11). 32); Thomas D. Clareson, "The Emergence of the Scien­ Despite Berger's lack of indication of knowledge of tific Romance, 1870-1926" (pp. 33-78); Ivor A Rogers, "A Reply to Professor Haldane," his summary of Lewis's "The Gernsback Era, 1926-1937" (pp. 79-116); Joe De position throughout this passage (pp. 10-16) is gen­ Bolt and John R. Pfeiffer, "The Modern Period, 1938- erally valid, and better than most such summaries in 1975" (pp. 117-301); and Francis J. Molson, "Juvenile discussions of science fiction. Science Fiction" (pp. 302-334). The Inklings are men­ The one use of Lewis in a comparison: "Perhaps tioned as a literary group (called "the Oxford Christian Pohl, Kornbluth, Silverberg and others have struck group") by Rogers (p. 89, 93) and Williams' War in Hea­ closer to a truth than Orwell and C. S. Lewis, in that ven is listed in his bibliography: "A good example of the former writers find ignorance and tastelessness the quasi-mystical novels of Williams. . . . Williams far more threatening than clear-sighted diabolism" (pp. transcends his genre by good writing. . . . his work is 122-123). Note: on pp. 76-77 and 201, there are ref­ more readable than Lewis at his most didactic" (p. 115). erences to "unham," but in context these refer to the The Greater Trumps is also recommended. In the modern concept of a mankind separated from those things — period De Bolt and Pfeiffer include Lewis's Ransom suffering, for instance — which have been typical of Trilogy (pp. 220-221) but omit Tolkien's Lord of the its humanity; the discussion arises from Colin Ander­ R ings as a fantasy (cf. p. 125). Lewis's Narnian s o n 's M agellan (1970). Chronicles are listed in the juvenile section (p. 324). Thus it seems a pity that different standards for the Blish, James. Black Easter; or3 Faust Aleph-Null. modern SF section kept Tolkien out. 1968. New York: Avon Books (An Epuinox Book: SF The second part of this volume consists of "Re­ Rediscovery Series, No. 27), 1977. 166 pp. [Ref­ search Aids": "History, Criticism, and Biography" (pp. erences to Lewis, pp. 5, (66), (89), 125; to Tolkien, 337-358), "Bibliographies, Indexes, and Teaching Aids" p . (8 2 ).] (pp. 359-366), "Magazines and Book Review Indexes" A fantasy novel (despite it being reprinted in a science- (pp. 367-369), "Periodicals" (pp. 370-372), "Literary fiction series) about a modern munition manufacturer who Awards (pp. 373-381), "Core Collection Checklist" (pp. so enjoys destruction that he pays a magician to loose 382-391), and "Library Collections of Science Fiction a large number of demons on the earth for one night; and Fantasy" (pp. 392-404). All of these are uncred­ the setting is about the time of original publication, ited except the last, thus they are probably by Barron, for there is a reference to the Vietnam War (p. 149). the volume's editor; the last one is by H. W. Hall. The book is dedicated to Lewis (p. 5) and has two quota­ In light of the omission of Tolkien earlier, it is tions from The Screwtape Letters as the epigraph to the interesting to find two books wholly on him ?. :.sted in fourth section (p. 125). In addition, there are two the first of these sections (Helms' Tolkien'^ World, probable allusions to The Screwtape Letters : (1) "The p. 346; Kocher's Master of Middle Earth, p . J 4 8 ); fact is that Dr. Stockhausen, like a good many theo­ L e w is's Of Other Worlds is included (p. 348), and so retical physicists these days, is a devout " (p. are two volumes on the Inklings (Hillegas' Shadows o f 66); cf. "do not attempt to use science (I mean, the Imagination, p. 347; Urang's Shadows of Heaven, p. real sciences) as a defence against Christianity. They 356). In the next section, on bibliographies, only w ill positively encourage him to think about realities the Lewis checklist appears (p. 360), although Glenn's he can't touch and see. There have been sad cases Williams checklist may have been published too late among the modern physicists" (Letter I). (2) "Father for consideration. Probably the omission of West's Domenico . . . was forbidden, now as before, even to Tolkien checklist is due to its omission from SF pray for the soul of the victim (or the patient, in 41 Ware's antiseptic A ristotelian terminology)" (p. 89); Tolkien's personality and a clear sequence of his cf. the use of p a tie n t throughout The Sarewtape Letters. creativity; he does not intend to offer any literary There is also a passing reference to Elvish writing criticism . Carpenter has been successful in his nar­ (p. 82), but the context does not insist on the refer­ rative purposes, with only a rare repetition jarring ence being Tolkienesque, except that it was Tolkien (e.g., discussion of W. H. Auden's calling the Tolkiens who created the modern association between Elves and home "hideous" [pp. 3, 2 4 9 ]). A few re a d e rs may ob­ curious scripts. Note: for the devout Lewis would ject to Carpenter's occasional use of a stated thesis not have approved of Blish's theology. followed by rejection of the thesis (e.g., the as fusing the two sides of Tolkien's imagination — Bridges, Linda. "A Consideration of An E xperim in stated, p. 172; rejected, p. 176). But about the con­ C r itic is m ." CSL, 8:3/87 (January 1977) , 1-6. tent generally no one is likely to have serious objec­ [Reference to Coghill, p. 5? to Tolkien, p. 6.] tions: it gives far more about Tolkien's life and A well-written summary of the major ideas in Lewis's working habits than one expects in a biography done so book. Bridges is the most interesting when she dis­ close to the person's death and authorized by the fam- agrees with Lewis and explains her contrasting theories. i l y . For example, she doubts Lewis's explanation of the de­ The basic description of the Inklings appears on cline in poetry reading; she believes the non-poetry pp. 149-152; unfortunately, there are several minor reading public is that which does not visualize images errors on the first page (errors are rare in Carpen­ as it reads (p. 3). She believes Lewis overstates his ter's book; the only other one noted by this biblio­ case about ,the lack of effect of fiction on the best grapher is mentioned below). Carpenter says "there was reader: she hopes this reader w ill not "refuse to learn no system of membership," but there was at least some something about his own psychology or his neighbor's, discussion of new members ahead of time: for example, or about materialism or Christianity just because it on 23 October 1947, W. H. Lewis proposed "Tom" Stevens happens to be in a work of fiction. If the author as a member, and after general acceptance, Stevens at­ hadn't cared about it, he wouldn't have put it there" tended for the first time on 27 November 1947. There (p. 5). She also gives her own experience of learning were some occasions when Tolkien upset some of the mem­ from criticism , indicating that Lewis's suggestion to bers by bringing guests wichout warning. There were re-read primary works rather than secondary presupposes also meetings outside of Lewis's rooms — fairly often someone of Lewis's critical abilities who does not at one time in Tolkien's rooms, and at least once out­ need much help in understanding what he reads (pp. 5-6). side of Oxford. But these are quibbles about one page in an excellent book. Brown, Judith. "The Pilgrimage from Deep Space." M yth- In the Appendices, there appear: lo r e , 4:3/15 (March 1977), 13-15. A Simplified genealogical table Without mentioning the term, Brown offers essentially B Chronology of events allegorical interpretations of the Ransom trilogy (a l l e ­ C The published writings of J. R. R. Tolkien g o r ic a l used as one of the four levels of meaning in D Sources and acknowledgements medieval criticism , not as used generally). She traces "The published writings" list about twenty poems not the birth imagery in the first part of Out o f the identified in previous bibliographies, as well as a Silent Planet, and Ransom's growing up in his learning lesser number of critical writings. A factual error how to speak (Old Solar); his fall in refusing to do appears in this "writings" list: Tolkien is credited immediately what the eldil commands; his acceptance of with translating the first draft of the Book of Jonah himself for what he is, at the end of the book. Brown fo r The Jerusalem Bible (p. 2 74), r a th e r th an th e Book applies this primarily to Lewis, however, rather than o f J o b . to everyone. P erelandra begins with a depiction of the But it would be foolish to overstress the above- nature of evil in the Un-man, but, near the end, Brown mentioned errors: they are important only because of suggests, it becomes a psychomachia in which Ransom the general excellence of the book. For the majority v s . Weston allegorizes the overcoming of inward evil. of users, the descriptions of such unpublished writings W ith That Hideous Strength, Brown returns to the par­ as "Mythopoeia," on the religious view of myths (pp. allel to Lewis, offering a chart which indicates the 147n, 148, 190-191), "The Notion Club Papers" (pp. 171- likenesses of some characters of that book and those 172), and the poem beginning "Ai lintulin da Lasse- o f The Pilgrim's Regress. But this last part of the lanta" (p. 76); the details of Tolkien's life and his essay is the weakest, and Brown runs through a number variable friendship with Lewis -- all these will be of "Miscellaneous ideas" (p. 15). enough to answer many questions. Carpenter, Humphrey. Tolkien: A biography. B oston: Cecil, Lord David. "Introduction." In Ruth Ritter: Houghton M ifflin Company, 1977. [xii] + 288 pp. Homage to a P o et, ed. Arthur Russell, pp. 13-18. Index. [References to Barfield, pp. 149, 277; to Chester Springs, Pennsylvania: Dufour Editions, Cecil, p. 200; to Coghill, pp. 102, 120, 214, 277; 1969. 128 pp. to Dyson, pp. 102, 146-149, 199, 259, 277; to Hardie, "For me," writes Cecil of Ruth Pitter, "she is the most pp. 254-255; to Havard, pp. 149, 241; to C. S. Lewis, moving of living English poets, ana one of the most pp. 266, 272, 274, 278, photo 10b (+ 28 page-refer­ original" (p. 13). He discusses her traditional dic­ ences in the index); to W. H. Lewis, pp. 149, 197- tion, and illustrates it, in a paragraph. "The quality 199, 259; to McCallum, p. 119; to Mathew, pp. 207, of her vision is as individual as is her use of lan­ 277; to Sayer, p. 213; to Christopher Tolkien, pp. guage. Two strains characterize it. The first is her 263, 266, 275, 277, 279, photos 9a, 10a (+ 18 ref­ response to the natural world. . . . The second char­ erences in the index); to Williams, pp. 150-151, acteristic strain in Miss P itter's poems is a religious 197-198, 200, 230, 259, 266, 272; to the Inklings strain, an intense awarness of a spiritual universe generally, pp. 149-152, 171, 207, 237, 241.] lying beyond the visible appearance of things" (pp. 14- As the dust jacket has it, "The Authorized Biography." 15)." The rest of the introduction is spent in illus­ The body of the book is divided into eight sections: trating the various combinations of these two rhemes. the first and last are brief, being an account of Car­ "Charles Williams" (in the "Table-Talk" section). B la ck­ penter's first meeting with Tolkien and a description wood's Magazine, 321: 1936 (February 1977) , 170-173. of Tolkien's grave respectively. The other sections, [Reference to Lewis, p. 170.] subdivided into from two to eight chapters, are chrono­ An appreciation of Williams, w’ith some biographical de­ lo g ic a l : tails. (The note indicates that he died following a II 1892-1916: Early Years hernia operation, for example [p. 172].) A paragraph III 1917-1925: The making of a mythology on his poetry, three paragraphs on his criticism (the IV 1925-1949(i): 'In a hole in the ground there lived anonymous author was an undergraduate at Oxford when a h o b b it' Williams lectured there), one on his biographies, and V 1925-1949( i i ) : The T h ird Age two on his novels; one brief mention of his dramas. VI 1949-1966: Success The essay mentions that some of the Taliessin poems VII 1959-1973: Last years were set to music by Robin Milford (Hadfreld's An I n tr o ­ The subdivided middle years contain the biography in duction to Charles Williams also refers to this). The IV and the writing of The H obbit and The Lord of the essay was intended to arouse some interest in Williams, Rings in V. As Carpenter explains later, he has not and it is nicely written to that purpose. footnoted his sources, nor has he given elipses in quotations in his text, in order to "not . . . inter­ Christopher, Vandy. "The Lady of the Green K irtle." rupt the narrative" (p. 276). He also stresses the Sign of the Hammer fanzine , 2:4 (September 1976), psychological (n o t psychoanalytical) understanding of 10-11. (Illustrated by the author, p, 11.) 42 A short history of one daughter of the White Witch (in and adventure stories); Green also recounts Lewis's Lewis's Narnia series), who in turn had three children, reading of the first part of The Lion3 the Witch and one of them the Lady of the Green K irtle. the Wardrobe to him, and Lewis's mention that Tolkien did not care for it. "I . . . pointed out how natural Cobb, Lawrence W. "Masculine and Feminine: The Shape it was that Tolkien should not like it: for his fantasy CSL of the Universe." , 8:4/88 (February 1977), world, the world of The H obbit, was so very different — 1- 6 . with a different greatness. As different; I think I A survey of Lewis's use of masculine and feminine as s a i d , 'a s The P rin cess and Curdie from The Wind in the dissim ilar terms of more than physical significance, Willows" (p. 104). Green goes on to discuss the Narnian ultimately as spiritual terms for the relationship of books less autobiographically, wishing that Father God (masculine) to His worshipper (feminine). Cobb Christmas had been omitted from the first (p. 10 5) , and c it e s The A lleg o ry o f Love b r i e f l y , P erelandra e x te n ­ sketching some of Lewis's childhood reading of child­ sively, "Priestesses in the Church?", That Hideous ren's books. "It was when he was ten or eleven that S tre n g th , and The Four Loves. romance began to creep into his writings. There was part of a story about vaguely medieval knights warring CSL: The Bulletin of the New York C. S. Lewis Society, against each other and attacking castles, perhaps sug­ 8:3/87 (January 1977), 1-8. Edited by Eugene g e ste d by S ir N igel; a ls o h is e a r l i e s t su rv iv in g poem McGovern. 'The Old Grey Mara* w ritten before he was twelve shows Contents: (a) Linda Bridges, "A Consideration of An in which direction his imagination was turning" (p. Experiment in Criticism " (pp. 1-6). Separately anno­ 106). This poem is printed on p. 105. tated. (b) "An Experiment in Criticism : Report of the 87th Meeting: January 14, 1977" (pp. 6-7). The discus­ "Grounded Dragon." British Book News: A review of new sion after (a) was read. (c) "Charles Colson's Born books, March 1977, p. 167. Again (pp. 7-8). A review of Colson's book, with empha­ Two paragraphs in the "Publishing News" section, on sis on the part played by Mere C h r is tia n ity in his con­ two movies planned of The Lord o f the R in gs, w ith v e rs io n . approval for a reported English Midlands setting, and on the Tolkien exhibit of art at the National Book E llis, Frances. "Evelyn Underhill." The L iv in g Church3 League. 173:20 (14 November 1976), 11-12, 18-19. [Reference to Lewis, p. 19; to Williams, p-. 19; to Williams, Harmon, Robert B., and Margaret A. Burger (compilers). p. 11.] An A nnotated Guide to the Works o f Dorothy L. A biographical sketch of Underhill, with an emphasis S ayers. New York: Garland Publishing, 1977. xii on her pastoral life {p a sto r a l in the religious sense, + 286 pp. [R eferen ces to L ew is, p . 170 (G47); to not in the rural). Williams is quoted on her appear­ W illiam s, pp. 71 (C l), 72 (C 6), 93 (C 66), 104 (C 96), ance near the end of her life; The Screw tape L e tte r s i s 105 (C98), 107 (C100), 110 (C 104), 115 (C 119), 159 quoted on the atmosphere of a Christian household -- in (G4), 167 (G42), 170 (G47), 259.1 this case, with application to the retreat house in A major enumerative bibliography of Dorothy L. Sayers' Pleshey, Essex, with which Underhill was associated. writings, weak only in her book reviewing and on sec­ ondary sources. Arranged in thirteen sections, usually Gilson, Christopher. "A Note on the Prelude to The with subsections: Novels, Short Stories, Essays (Sec­ Silmarillion ." F a n ta sia e: The Monthly N e w sle tte r tion C), Dramatic Works, Poetry, Translations, Miscel­ of the Fantasy Association, 5:3/48 (March 1977), laneous Works (including addresses; Section G), C riti­ 1, 4. cism (of Sayers' works), Sources, Adaptations, Chron­ Gilson discusses the linguistic details of two announced ology (of Sayers' writing career), The Dorothy L. Sayers p a rts o f The S ilm a r illio n : the "Ainuliandale" and the Papers (at the Wade Collection, Wheaton College, II.), "Valaquenta." (These are two parts in the British news Index. The latter is not useful for checking refer­ release on Tolkien's forthcoming book; in the American, ences to the Inklings, for it lists, under the names they are run together as one title.) The first is not of Lewis or Williams, only a published letter in col­ wholly certain, although - lin d a le means "the great la b o ra tio n w ith Lewis (p. 170 [G 47]). song"; possibly ainu- is related to a ir e , which means The references to Williams are almost all in title s: h o ly . The second one Gilson translates as "the utter­ Essays Presented to Charles Williams (pp. 71 [Cl] , 115 ance of the Valar" — or, possibly, "the story of the [C119]); "Charles Williams" Poet's C ritic," also pub­ Valar." Gilson suspects that the second is parallel to lished as "Dante and Charles Williams" (pp. 72 [C6], a creation by divine order ("Let there be light"), and 105 [C98], 110 [CIO4 ], 159 [G 4]); "The P o etry o f th e the first, to a holy Song of Creation. Image in Dante and Charles Williams" (pp. 93 [C66], 107 [C100], 165 [G34]); "Introduction" to James I by Graham, W. Fred. "Fantasy in a World of Monochrome: Charles Williams (p. 104 [C96]); "Charles Williams" Where C. S. Lewis Continues to Help" ("Fantasy (a review, p. 167 [G42]); and "Charles Williams" (the and Faith" on the cover). The C h ristia n Century, above letter, written with Lewis, p. 170 [G47]). In 92:39 (26 November 1975), 1080-1082. With a letter addition, in the list of mss. in the Wade Collection, by Stuart D. Robertson, "Lewis's Gift," The C h ris­ in a group of mss. mainly concerned with The Song o f tian Century, 93:1 (7-14 January 1976), 27-28. Re­ Roland, appears "1 p. note about 'C.W. paper,' and printed in CSL, 8:4/88 (February 1977), 6-9. 'Ch. W.'" (p. 259). The reason that several of the Graham finds the joy and other Christian emotions cap­ titles have more than one reference is that the same tured in Lewis's book-length fiction, much more than in essay may be listed as an essay, as part of a book of the theological writings of Tillich and Barth. But essays, and as a lecture (the latter being its first Lewis's apologetic works — Mere Christianity3 Miracles 3 appearance). and The Problem o f Pain — are quite unsatisfactory be­ This emphasis on titles means that many references cause of their attempt to treat major themes briefly. to the Inklings are unrecorded in this book. Both Graham's students were put off by Mere C h r is tia n ity ' s H ell and P urgatory of Sayers' translation of Dante's "condescending and narrow pedantics, unlit by any fire D ivine Comedy (p. 156 [F3]) are dedicated to Williams, of believableness" {CSL, p. 7). The modern problem is for example, and Sayers' essay "The Teaching of Latin: not lack of knowledge about God but lack of experience A New Approach" (p. 95 [C76]) quotes a passage from a of Him, and it is this which Lewis's autobiography, note from Lewis to Sayers about medieval Latin works Surprised by Joy, and his best fiction — Perelandra3 suitable for school texts. In short, more than a That Hideous Strength 3 the Narnian stories, T i l l We dozen works which refer to one of the Inklings — Have Faces — can give. usually Williams — are thus silently listed by Harmon Robertson's letter argues that the apologetics and and Burger. In addition, a very few works on the Ink­ the imaginative works are two "sides of a single coin" lings are simply missed in this volume. For example, {CSL, p. 9), and to divide them is to make Lewis's fic­ Sayers reviewed Williams' Many Dimensions in The New tion only an emotional experience, without substance. York Times Book Review, 21 August 1949, p. 7; and Sayers wrote a letter defending the theological struc­ Green, Roger Lancelyn. "C. S. Lewis." Puffin Annual3 ture of Lewis's Narnian Chronicles (in response to a No. 1. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, review), in The Spectator, 195 (22 J u ly 1955), 123. 1974. Pp. 104-106. [Reference to Tolkien, p. 104.] The snippets of letters from Sayers to Lewis quoted (Illustrated by .) in Roger Lancelyn Green and Walter Hooper, C. S. Lewis: Green writes about the beginning of his real friendship A Biography (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974), with Lewis (at a wedding reception in 1945, when they are also missed. (There are a substantial number of retreated to a window-recess and talked about fantasies secondary sources involving Sayers and one or more of 43 the Inklings which are also omitted, but as indicated the Second Age, Kocher discusses Celebrimbor and the in the first paragraph of this annotation, this volume other Noldor smiths in Eregion, who shape the nineteen is weak on secondary sources. It should be considered rings and allow the knowledge to shape the twen­ a very good primary bibliography instead; a few items tieth. And in the Third Age, the emphasis is on have been omitted, but that is inevitable with the G aladriel: "She has not been a kinswoman of Feanor first appearance of such works.) for nothing. She has the true Noldor preoccupation with light — its propagation, its containment, and Heath-Stubbs, John. "Helen in Egypt" and other plays. its projection" (p. 7). The essay is richer with London: Oxford University Press, 1958. xvi + 114 im plications than this outline suggests. (For dis­ pp. [Reference to W illiams, pp. x ii-x iii.] agreement about a few minor points, see Robert Foster's In his introduction, Heath-Stubbs says he has followed l e t t e r i n M yth lo re, 4:4/16 [June 1977], 28-29.) the model of Williams in the play Relen in Egypt in making the operations of magic "not merely arbitrary The Lamp-Post of the Southern California C. S. Lewis but also metaphysically plausible" (p. x iii). S o c ie ty , 1:1 (January 1977), 1-8. Edited by Bro. Peter Ford. Howard, Andrew. "Till We Have Faces and its Mytholog­ Contents: (a) "Birth of a Society" (p. 1). A brief ical and Literary Precursors." M yth lo re, 4 :3 /1 5 history of the South California C. S. Lewis Society. (March 1977), 30-32. (Illustrated by Bonnie (b) "Our Weight of Glory" (pp. 1 ,8 ). A report of an GoodKnight, p. 31). address by Bro. Peter Ford, O.S.B., on Lewis's sermon, A comparison of Lewis's novel and Apuleius' version of "The Weight of Glory." (c) James P. O 'Reilly, "A the myth which covers largely fam iliar ground, although Sentence-Outline of Mere Christianity" (pp. 2-3). in a clearly w ritten way. Howard stresses the jealousy T itle indicative; O 'Reilly finishes "Right and Wrong of Orual, and the Bildungs roman aspect of Lewis's work, as a Clue to the Meaning of the Universe" and "What with O rual's need for Istra at the end. Howard con­ Christians Believe" in this issue, and begins "Chris­ cludes with some comparisons of T ill We Have Faces and tian Behaviour." (d) "A Liturgy of Joy" (pp. 4-7). others of Lewis's works: O rual's psychological blind­ A Eucharistic liturgy, with extensive allusions to ness and that of the dwarves at the end of The L ast The Pilgrim's Regress and the Narnian chronicles, as B a tt le ; Orual's possessive desire for Istra and that well as lesser allusions to other works by Lewis. (e) of Pam for Michael in The Great Divorce. The essential "The Charter of the Southern C alifornia C. S. Lewis th em e o f T ill We Have Faces is love transformed. Society" (p. 8). Title indicative. (f) George Musacchio, "Editor's Notes" (p. 8). The new editor Kemball-Cook, Jessica. "" (Part I), Amon o f The Lamp-Post gives the background of some of the Hen, No. 22 (October 1976), 13-14. [Reference to items in the issue. Lewis, p. 14.) (Part II) Amon Hen, No. 23 (Decem­ ber 1976), 11-12. (Part III) Amon Hen, N o. 25 Lewis, C. S. "The Old Grey Mare." Puffin Annual, No. (April 1977), 12-15. 1. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1974. A survey of "as many facts as possible about the pub­ P . 1 0 5 . lishing history of this classic of children's litera­ Lewis's earliest surviving poem, w ritten when he was ture" (I, p. 13). The survey is also notable for its ten or eleven; twenty-seven lines, usually headless bibliographic detail: for example, that Rayner Unwin's iambic tetram eter and usually rhyming in couplets. report on the ms. of The Hobbit, in which he recom­ "Rushing o'er the bloody field, / She WILL face the mended publication, was reprinted in the color supple­ foeman's shield." ment to the Sunday Times on 2 January 1972. Kemball- Cook traces some of the original critical reaction to Minas Tirith Evening-Star: Journal of the American the book, higher in America than in B ritain; and she Tolkien Society, 6:2 (January 1977), i-ii, 1-34. places this in the context of the time (with a digres­ Edited by Philip W. and Marci Helms. sion on the reviewing of Lewis's The Lion, The Witch The main contents: (a) Marci Helms, "Westron Union" and the Wardrobe). She indicates generally the changes (p. 2). An editorial. (b) John Leland, "The Govern­ Tolkien made in the second edition (19 51) . She describes ment and the Politics of . Part One: The the first paperback edition (Puffin Books, 1961, with a Thain" (pp. 3-5, 12). "This paper may be described Pauline Baynes cover), and goes into the matter of the most accurately . . . as 'speculations' on the [titu­ different introductions to the second and third (1966) lar topics]" (p. 3). The Shire was a constitutional editions, and the five changes in text between those monarchy, based on a hereditary Thain and an elected two (in one passage, tom atoes is changed to p i c k l e s ) . Mayor; the Thain was essentially a deputy for the Two B ritish school editions are described, and an early King of Arnor. Leland discusses Musters and Moots, C hildren's Book Club edition (1942). Kemball-Cook and the succession to the Thainship. (c) Philip W. lists the various number of illustrations which appear Helms, "Longbottom Leaf" (pp. 6-7). This in stall­ in different impressions and editions (the color plates ment of this column surveys the references to pipes could appear or disappear between im pressions). There and smoking in The H obbit and The Lord of the Rings. seem to have been nine main black-and-white drawings, (d) Elessar Tetram ariner, "The Song of the Gulls: The with that of "" appearing only in the first Lay of Kiralune the and Linrath the Man" (pp. 8- edition; there are five color plates (although the 12). Illustrated by Marthe Benedict (p. 9). A poem "Hobbiton" of the first edition may have been a var­ of twenty-two sestets, in rough (sometimes very rough) iant of the one now used). Kemball-Cook lists the septam eters, rhyming ABCDEC (with two cases of Simp­ various B ritish posters and record covers by Tolkien, sonian rhyme). A narrative of a human-elf union unre­ and discusses several B ritish dram atizations and read­ corded by Tolkien. (e) Philip W. Helms, "The Halfling" ings — on radio, stage, and record. She closes with (pp. 14-24). Illustrated by the author. A story in the listing of h o b b it i n th e Concise Oxford Dictionary which Beothelm, a Beorning, comes to Ith ilien to take (Sixth Ed., 1976) and the Oxford English Dictionary service with . Included is a ballad about Earnur Supplement, Vol. II, H-N (1976). (the name is probably trisy llab ic), which is usually, not always, in tetram eters, and usually, not always, Kocher, Paul. "The Tale of the Noldor." M yth lo re, rhyming ABCB — the quatrains which are exceptions to 4:3/15 (March 1977), 3-7. (Illustrated by the latter do not rhyme at all. (f) James Strick, Annette Harper, “Feanor with Palantir" [p. 1] and "Tolkien Crossword" (pp. 25-31). The crossword is on "The Death of Gil-Galad” [p. 5]; by Bonnie Good- p. 25; the rest of the pp. are clues (the numbering Knight [p. 7].) system for the puzzle runs to 196). (g) Philip Helms, "Tolkien has made the deeds of the Noldor a continuing " Stewardson" (p. 32). A poem on Boromir's major thread in the whole fabric of his trilogy. What death; six quatrain rhyming ABCB, over half the time would the F irst Age be without the silm arilli, th e in trim eters. A mock historic note follows the poem. Second without the p a la n tir i and the , (h) Dave M arshall, back cover (p. 34). and the Third without the wonder that is Lothlorien?" (p. 7). Kocher w rites a history of the elven tribe Moynihan, M artin. "What Happens Next?" The Charles of the Noldor, particularly dealing with the exploits Williams Society Newsletter, No. 5 (Spring 1977), of Feanor in the F irst Age, including the fashioning 4-5. [Reference to Lewis, p. 4.] of the three s i l m a r i l l i which hold the light of the A short appreciation of W illiams' novels, stressing Two Trees; the waging of wars against Morgoth, during their charity, accuracy, depiction of evil, detachment which, probably, Feanor invented the p a la n t ir i f o r ("in the pages of Charles Williams the agnostic moves communication between the arm ies; and the shaping of toward m ysticism "), emphases on courtesy and romantic a script which became the standard, his Tengwar. In love, and joy. 44 M yth lo re: a journal of J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Noble, Jon. "Sauron as the Production of Social In­ and Charles Williams Studies, 4:3/15 (March 1977), eptitude." The Eye, No. 1 (1974), 48-50. Re­ 1-40. Edited by Glen GoodKnight for the Mythopoeic printed in Amon Hen, No. 26 (May 1977), 8-9; with S o c ie ty . a reply from E. ("Ted") Crawford, p. 10. Separately annotated: (a) Paul Kocher, "The Tale of The first paragraph suggests Noble's basic approach the Noldor" (pp. 3-7); (b) Veronica L. Skinner, "Guin­ (his odd use of semi-colons is retained): evere's Role in the Arthurian Poetry of Charles Williams" "The Lord of the Rings" is a tragedy, and like a Shakespearian tragedy it is named (pp. 9-11); (c) Judith Brown, "The Pilgrimage from after the tragic hero: the Lord pf the Rings is of course Sauron, Lord of Barad Dur Deep Space" (pp. 13-15); (d) Andrew Howard, "T i l l We and ruler of the Dark realm of Mordor. And like a Shakespearian tragic hero it is Have Faces and its Mythological and Literary Precur­ Sauron's one weakness that leads to his downfall. In Sauron's case this weakness sors" (pp. 30-32). was his kindness, a kindness not suited to the harsh world of Elves and Valar. It Also appearing are these Inkling-related, substan­ was his attempt to help Ores gain the basic social justice they deserved that brought tia l items: (e) Valerie Protopapas, "Angelic W aterfall about his downfall at the hands of the Elves, and their running dogs; men, , „ fro m The Great Divorce" (p. 12; title on p. 2). A d ra w in g . ( f ) "R ev iew s" (p p . 1 6 -2 0 ) . B ru ce McMenomy dwarves and hobbits; who sought to maintain their privileges. [The Eye, p. 48] re v ie w s J. R. R. Tolkien: Architect of Middle Earth Crawford replies (in part): (pp. 16-17). Nancy-Lou Patterson reviews The Fantastic in Literature , by Eric S. Rabkin (pp. 17-18), and The If comrade Noble had suggested that Sauron was a supporter of the slave mode of Father Christmas Letters, by J. R. R. Tolkien (p. 18). production at a time when this was a progressive force, this would be arguable Joe R. Christopher reviews Feng: A Poem, by John Wain though I would disagree. I would certainly point out that there does not seem to (pp. 18-19). (g) Glen GoodKnight, "Lament for Dene- be any development of the forces of production in Sauron's regime in the Third thor" (p. 20). A free-verse poem, illustrated by Age.... is different; his use of machinery is very developed. . . . Bonnie GoodKnight and in calligraphy by Mary Ann [Amon Hen, p. 10] Hodge. (h) Glen H. GoodKnight, "Some Photographs and Comments" (pp. 21-22). Photographs of Inklings scholars, Pellow, John. "Charles Williams in the Twenties." The with one artist and one creative w riter, at or near the Charles Williams Society Newsletter, No. 5 (Spring 1976 Modern Language A ssociation convention in New York 1977), 5-6. City. (i) "Letters" (pp. 23-27). (j) Eugene McGovern, A reminiscence: Pellow wrote a review praising D ivorce, "A Reply to Margaret Hannay" (pp. 27-28) , and M argaret and Williams wrote to him; they met and found mutual Hannay, "An Answer to Eugene McGovern" (pp. 28, 30). interests; the friendship continued, with the addition A debate about Hannay's article, "'Surprised by Joy': of their wives, until 1940, when they both left London C. S. Lewis' Changing A ttitudes toward Women," M ythlore, but to different locales. Pellow quotes the light 4:1/13 (September 1976), 15-20. (k) Mike Workman, verse he sent Williams in January 1940. "Saruman" (p. 29). A drawing. (1) Joe R. Christopher, "An Inkling Bibliography (4)" (pp. 33-38). Thirty Ruland, Vernon, S .J. Horizons of Criticism: An Assess­ annotated item s, all but two from 1976. ment of Religious-Literary Options. Chicago: Amer­ ican Library Association, 1975. x + 266 pp. Index. Myth-print: The Monthly Bulletin of The Mythopoeic [References to Lewis, pp. 13, 21-23, 27-28, 47-48, S o c ie ty , 15:1 (January 1977), 1-4. No editor 60, 117, 147-148, 245; to W illiams, pp. 32-33, 39, listed; presumably edited by Glen GoodKnight. 43, 47, 259.] Items of general interest: (a) David W. Toht, "The An im portant, award-winning study of the interdisci­ Ranger's Song" (p. 2). Illustrated by Bonnie Good­ plinary field of religious-literary criticism , which Knight. A poem in couplets, with four stanzas con­ w ill be an important guide to w riters in this area for sisting of five and three couplets alternately; the years to come. The book is divided into three parts: meter intended seems to be anapestic tetram eter, but "Religious-Literary Criticism " (pp. 1-52), "Religious there are numerous irregularities. The genre is that Aspects of Literary Criticism " (pp. 53-134), "Literary of the dramatic monologue: by one of the Rangers of Aspects of Religious Thought" (pp. 135-228). A "Bib­ The Lord of the Rings. (b) "Letter" (p. 4). liography" (pp. 229-260) contains the names of 365 w riters. Ruland's most inventive aspect is an iden­ Mythprint: The Monthly Bulletin of The Mythopoeic tical method of classification of literary critics S o c ie ty , 15:2 (February 1977), 1-4. No editor and theologians (in parts two and three) into four listed ; presumably edited by Glen GoodKnight. groups: A utotelistic, Humanist Semiotic, Ortho-Cul­ Items of general interest: (a) "The Silmarillion in tural, and Psycho-Mythic; but the first part is the 1977J" (p. 1). A reprinting of the publicity release most important in this annotation. from Houghton M ifflin. (b) Lee Grant, "Bakshi to make Lewis is given the status of one of the major Two LotR Films" (p. 1). Reprinted from The Los Angeles religious-literary critics, along with W. H. Auden, Tim es, 12 January 1977, IV, p. 8. (c) Jessica Kemball- R. W. B. Lewis, J. H illis M iller, Nathan Scott, and Cook, "Three Notes on Names in Tolkien and Lewis" (p. Amos W ilder, in Chapter 2, "Key C ritics and Texts" 2). Notes on M oria's use in Teutonic and Scandina­ (pp. 13-44). Ruland finds that, despite Lewis's doc­ vian folktales; B e le ria n d 1s reference to Cornwall; trinaire C hristianity, his criticism has "broad and N arnia's appearance as the name of a Roman town. humanist sympathies" and his theory of criticism Note the letter by Christopher Gilson more fully dis­ "slaps down theologians who presume to trespass with­ c u s s in g B eleria n d and commenting on the possible use in its boundaries" (p. 22). He surveys Lewis's of Latin in , Mythprint, 15:4 (April 1977), 1-3. th e o r y i n An Experiment in Criticism and several (d) "Letters" (pp. 2-4). short essays, and finds highly interesting the pas­ s a g e in A Preface to Paradise Lost" in which Lewis Nazgul [W akefield, West Yorkshire] No. 7 ("Late 1976?" says that he and F. R. Leavis agree in their descrip­ — actually 1977), 24 pp. Edited by John Abbott. tions of M ilton's verse but disagree about its value A small humor magazine produced for the Tolkien Society; (p. 22; cf. later discussions of this point on pp. the final issue. A number of. references.to Tolkien 48, 147-48). This discussion is part of Ruland's appear, but the main one of interest in this issue is praise of Lewis's ability to find and evaluate the an anecdote credited to P riscilla Tolkien about her implied value-system of another critic. Ruland also father's meeting with Evelyn Waugh (p. 12). considers Lewis's applied criticism in The A llegory of Love, A Preface to "Paradise Lost," and some short Nelson, Charles. "Teaching Tolkien." Appendix, No. essays. Ruland's most general passage on Lewis is Q (February 1977), 7-11. An account of Nelson's approach to a course in Tolkien, At its most unfortunate moments, there is a careless, kittenish, Chestertonian quality regularly offered at Michigan Technological U niversity. about Lewis's oral style that I actively dislike. It suggests the complacent, chatty The introduction uses Paul Kocher's Master of Middle- amateur, feeling superficially at home in too many specialties, with a clumsy profes­ e a rth . The genre is illustrated by a study of B eow ulf, sorial choice of dated slang phrase or quaint metaphor. My difficulty could be caused f o r s a g a ; Le Morte d ’A rth u r, for romance; and the by the indiscipline of the British informal essay style itself. But perhaps my feelings Nibelungenlied, for epic. Tolkien's work is studied give a clue to the cultural or personality factors that may deprive Lewis of a serious in this order: "Appendices" to The Lord of the Rings, hearing he legitimately deserves from fellow theologians and literary critics, (p. 23) The Hobbit, and the main portion of The Lord of the This is fairly stated, and Lewis's placement despite R ings. Nelson reprints a "Class Depiction" for the this qualification shows Ruland's rigor. He also in­ Spring Quarter, 1976 (pp. 10-11). His early discussion cludes in this chapter, under a subheading of Major includes some details of what the classes and the class Texts" which follows the discussion of the major c rit­ assignments have been like. ics , W illiams' The Figure of Beatrice (pp* 32-33). e 45 praises Williams' approach to human love as being "more Arthur and that of Lancelot and Guinevere begin at productive" critically than Denis de Rougemont's struc­ the same time. The red roses, in "Taliessin in the ture of agape v s. e ro s in Love in the Western World. Rose Garden," stand for the passion Guinevere has However, the lim its of this volume from the view­ surrendered to; the blood that w ill be shed for it; point of an Inklings' critic are also real. Ruland and the royalty and chalice-bearing chastity which does not mention Barfield's Poetic Diction or Tolkien's might have been. Williams, changing Malory, gives "On Fairy-Stories," both of which have had some influ­ Guinevere regret over her sin "midway in the cycle" ence in the field of religious-literary criticism , the (p. 11), in "The Son of Lancelot"; her eventual re­ latter directly. He does not cite the Inklings' neo- treat to the convent is a turn to repentence, and to Romantic theology; and when he discusses modern panen- being like Blanchefleur, like "what she had been meant theistic theologians as "creative mythmakers" (p. 226), to be — the spiritual mother of Galahad and a true his emphasis misses the conservative theological crea­ queen of Logres" (p. 11). tivity in such works as The Great Divorce, "L eaf by Niggle," and Williams' full-length plays. Tolkien, Priscilla. "My Father the A rtist." Amon Hen, No. 23 (December 1976), 6-7. Reprinted in Appen­ Russell, Arthur (ed.). Ruth F it te r : Homage to a P oet. d ix , No. T (May 1977), 6-8. With an introduction by David Cecil. Chester A chronological account of the type of art Miss Tolkien Springs, Pennsylvania: Dufour Editions, 1969. remembers her father working on at various periods, with 128 pp. [References to Cecil, pp. 9, 13-18, 38; a final summing up of his abilities as an artist. Coghill, p. 20; Lewis, pp. 28-29, 38, 122-123; Wain, pp. 120-125.] Trickett, Rachel, and David Cecil. "Is there an Oxford A Festschrift in honor of Pitter's seventy-first birth­ •School' of Writing?" The Twentieth Century, 157 day (November 1968), with twenty-nine contributors — (June 1955), 559-570. [References to Cecil's including such important names in modern poetry as John writings, p. 569; to Lewis, pp. 562-563, 565-567; Betjeman, Thom Gunn, Stanley Kunitz (a reprinted essay), to Tolkien, pp. 562, 566-567; to Wain, p. 567; to Edward Lucie-Smith, Kathleen Raine, and Robin Skelton. Williams, pp. 562-563.] The two essays by Inklings — "Introduction," by Lord A conversation on the titular topic, in which Cecil — David Cecil (pp. 13-18), and "Poet of Living Form," by one of the Inklings — cites the Lewis-Tolkien-Williams John Wain (pp. 120-125) — are separately annotated; group as an example. "I have been trying to think of as also is "Faithful to Delight: a Portrait Sketch," any definite instances of a group or circle of Oxford by Arthur Russell (pp. 19-40). writers in my time. So far as I know, there is none now; the last I can recall flourished round about 1939, Santoski, Tom (compiler), with Michael Logan and John and a little later. . . . It was simply that a few Pivovarnick. The Calendar of Imladris, 1977-78. friends, with tastes and interest in common, and all Scranton, Pa.: Permanent Press (a division of of them engaged in the practice of literature, used to Thorin & Co.), 1977. 16 pp. meet in Magdalen from time to time and talk about their The cover drawing, "," is by John Pivovarnick, work, and read to each other what they were writing" as is the small back-cover drawing, "The White Tree." (pp. 561-562). He speaks of Williams' war-time lectures The illustration for Tuile is " Vision" by Michael at Oxford: "listening to those oracular imaginings, Logan; for Laire, "Galathilion & Everwhite" by Tom delivered in that delightfully characteristic voice, Santoski; for Yavie, "Earendil Was a Mariner . . . " one couldn't help wondering a little whether Blake by Michael Logan; for Quelle, "Varda Tintalle" by might have been like that" (p. 562). Cecil lists three Michael Logan; for "Hrive, "Aglarond" by Tom Santoski; characteristics of the group: (1) "voluminous learn­ and for Coire, "Mithlond & Emyn Beraid" by Michael ing"; (2) "a strong liking for fantasy. But this Logan. The calligraphy throughout is by Michael Logan. fantasy was not indulged independently of their ideas; The calendar is printed in black and white, with an it was fantasy about their ideas"; further, it was "a account in the center of the six seasonal "months" as strain of what I might call (not, of course, dispar­ used at Rivendell. agingly) boyish fantasy; the imagination of a romantic, Schweitzer, Darrell. "The Fantastic Interview: Lin adventurous kind of boy"; (3) Christianity (all p. C a r te r ." Fantastic: Sword £ Sorcery and Fantasy 562). "This group had two very notable Oxford char­ S to r ie s , 26:1 (February 1977), 112-124 [references acteristics: they were all very eminent people in their to Tolkien, pp. 112, 113, 118-121]. (Note: the own line . . . and they had what seems to me an Oxford subtitle varies: Swords £ Sorcery and other Fan­ quality or 'flavour' about their religion. . . . in ta s ie s on the spine; Science Fiction and Fantasy Oxford one is inclined to accept [this religious as­ S to r ie s on the title page.) pect] as quite normal. . . . The Oxford quality of Carter describes his editing of the Adult Fantasy religion that I detect in Lewis and Williams is a High series for Ballantine, which developed from his Church and mediaevalist colouring. This shows very Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" (pp. strangely in Lewis's novels, with their curious 112-113); several comparisons to Tolkien's work de­ blend of Wellsian science-fiction and scholarly med- velop in Carter's description of his work on Khy- iaevalism" (p. 563). Trickett also offers a few myrium (pp. 118-120); two references to Tolkien appear comments on the writings of the three men. Cecil in a discussion of how many details of an imaginary later says of his own work: "I look on myself as a world should be invented (p. 121). w riter — though an unworthy one — in the Pater tradition: that is, I seek to illuminate the appre­ Shuttleworth, Thelma. "Commentary on T a lie s s in ciation of art, and to interpret past periods and through Logres, by people who talked with C. W. personalities; and to do so in a form which is itself about these poems in their time of w riting.” aesthetically satisfying" (p. 569). Newsletter No. S Supplement, also titled Supplem ent No. 1, being a supplement to The Wain, John. "Poet of Living Form." In Ruth Fitter: Charles Williams Society Newsletter, No. 5 Homage to a P o et, ed. Arthur Russell, pp. 120- (Spring 1977), with 4 pp. 125. [Lewis, pp. 122-123]. Chester Springs, Notes on the title of the book, on the dedicates, on Pennsylvania: Dufour Editions, 1969. 128 pp. "Prelude," and on "Taliessin's Return to Logres." "She is a poet of living form. Everywhere in her work, Skinner, Veronica L. "Guinevere's Role in the Arthur­ one sees the marks of a sensibility formed by the ian Poetry of Charles Williams." M yth lo re, 4 :3 /1 5 struggle with real materials: with wood, with paint, (March 1977), 9-11. (Illustrated by Bruce with soil and water and tendrils and leaves. This McMenomy, pp. 8, 40.) kind of work cannot be produced by someone whose life has been liv e d among a b s tr a c tio n s , who knows o n ly Skinner traces Arthur's transgression in Williams' those realities that can be theorised into being" (p. Arthurian cycle, when he decides "the kingdom is 121). Wain writes that he prefers P itter's poems "of made for the King" in "The Crowning of Arthur"; having chosen the way of pride and egotism, he cannot direct the full singing voice" (p. 122), those of the type Logres morally and spiritually. Guinevere's failure which Lewis called "golden"; and Wain contrasts this to be the true queen, the image of femininity, is thus with W. H. Auden's use of Lewis's terms — "golden" partly his fault, while her own responsibility. "Her and "drab" — in order to praise modern "drab" poetry. love and beauty, now lacking direction, are appropri­ Finally, Wain turns to Pitter's equal ability to pro­ ated by Lancelot's passion and energy, which also lack duce a certain mixed style — "lofty but at the same a guide" (p. 10); if Lancelot's passion had been time streaked with irony," "a vein of high extrava­ guided, it would have been a love for Guinevere as gance" (p. 123), and illustrates and praises that Dante had for Beatrice. Symbolically, the sin of ty p e a ls o . 48