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IBRL Events Institute of Bill of Rights Law

1991 Freedom of Expression Past, Present and Future (Program) Institute of Bill of Rights Law at the William & Mary Law School

Repository Citation Institute of Bill of Rights Law at the William & Mary Law School, "Freedom of Expression Past, Present and Future (Program)" (1991). IBRL Events. 52. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/ibrlevents/52

Copyright c 1991 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/ibrlevents FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

A 1991 Research Conference For the Bicentennial of the First Amendment

April 5-7, 1991 in Williamsburg, Virginia

Sponsored by: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication

and The Institute of Bill of Rights Law of the College of William and Mary, Marshall-Wythe School of Law FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

Friday, April 5

Law School Lobby 8:30 a.m. Registration Student Lounge Coffee

Room 119 9:00 a.m. Welcome Timothy 1. Sullivan, Dean of the Marshall-Wythe School of Law, John Stewart Bryan Professor of Jurisprudence, and Executive Director of the Institute of Bill of Rights Law 9:15 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. The FIrst Amendment as Ideology--Frederick Schauer, Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment, Kennedy School of Government,

10:00 a.m. Break

Room 119 10: 15 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. Presentations from Scholarly Paper Competition Susan Gellman, Adjunct Professor, Capital University Law School, and Assistant Public Defender, Ohio Public Defender Commission. "Sticks and Stones May Put You in Jail, But Can Words Increase Your Sentence?" Alan J. Howard, Professor of Law, Saint Louis University, 'The Constitutionality of Deceptive Speech Regulations: Replacing the Commercial Speech Doctrine with a Tort-Based Relational Framework" Bill Loving, Student, Southern Methodist University School of Law, "An Inquiry / into the Constitutionality of an Act for the Punishment of Certain Crimes (The Sedition Act)" 11:00 a.m. - 11:45 a.m. Question and Answer with Audience and Session Speakers Morning Moderator: Rodney A. Smolla, Hanson Professor of Law and Director, Institute of Bill of Rights Law

11:45 p.m. Break for Lunch (on your own)

Room 119 1:00 p.m. - 2:15 p.m. Presentations from Scholarly Paper Competition Larry D. Eldridge, Recent PhD, History, Vanderbilt University, "The Seeds of Our Freedom: The Growth of Free Speech in Early America, 1607-1700" Timothy W. Gleason, Assistant Professor of Journalism, University of Oregon. "Seeking Shelter from the 'Best Man' (and Newspaper Editors): Libel Litigation in the Late 18oos" Richard W. Steele, Professor of History, San Diego State University, "Curbing the Beast Within: Free Speech and the Control of Sedition in the U.S., 1919- 1941." Question and Answer With Audience and Session Speakers Afternoon Moderator: Professor Betty Winfield, University of Missouri School of Journalism

Room 119 7:00 p.m. EVENING SESSION The Scholarly Paper Competition Presentation of Scholarly Paper Awards-Richard Hixson, Professor of Journalism and Mass Media, School of Communication, Information and Library Studies, Rutgers University Keynote Address-The Unanswered Questions of the First Amentment--Vincent A. Blasi, Corliss Lamont Professor of Civil Liberties, Columbia University School of Law; Visiting Distinguished Lee Professor of Law, Institute of Bill of Rights Law Student Lounge 8:00 p.m. Reception Saturday, April 6

Student Lounge 8:00 a.m. Coffee

Room 119 8:30 a.m. - 9:15 a.m. Does the First Amendment Protect More Than Freedom of Speech? Stephen L. Carter, Professor of Law, Student Lounge 9:15 a.m. Break 9:30 a.m. - 10:30 a.m. Presentations from Scholarly Paper Competition William V. Luneburg, Professor of Law, University of Pittsburg, "Civic Republicanism, The First Amendment, and Executive Branch Policymaking" Maurine H. Beasley, Professor of Journalism, University of Maryland, "Women Journalists and Freedom of the Press: A Preliminary Historical Inquiry" Hosoon Chang, Student, Journalism and Mass Communication, University of North Carolina, 'The Book Burning Controversy of 1953: The McCarthy Committee's Investigation of the International Information Agency Overseas Libraries" 10:30 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. Question and Answer with Audience and Session Speakers Morning Moderator: Bill F. Chamberlin, Joseph L. Brechner Eminent Scholor of Freedom of Information and Director, Brechner Center for Freedom of Information, University of Florida

11:00 a.m. - 11:45 a.m. Small-Group Seminar Sessions (See next page for details)

11:45 a.m. Break for Lunch (on your own)

Room 119 1:15 p.m. - 2:00 p.m. Speech as Speech, Speech as Property: A First Amendment Conundrum Diane L. Zimmerman, Professor of Law, New York University School of Law Student Lounge 2:00 p.m. Break (Vending machines available)

2:15 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. The American Urge to Censor: Freedom of Expression vs. the Desire to Sanitize Society-Margaret Blanchard. Professor of of Journalism. University of North Carolina 3:00 p.m. - 3:45 p.m. Question and Answer With Audience and Session Speakers Afternoon Moderator: Vincent Blasi

3:45 p.m. - 4:30 p.m. Small Group Seminar Sessions (See next page for details)

Sunday, April 7

Student Lounge 8:00 a.m. Coffee

Room 119 8:30 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. Discussion: Alternative Perspectives on First Amendment Research. Focusing on Critical Studies, and Feminist, Historical. Economic. and Policy Approaches to the First Amendment Panel: Margaret Blanchard; Kathryn Abrams. Professor of Law. Boston University; Timothy Brennan. Professor of Policy Sciences. University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Robert Entman, Professor of Communications Studies. Panel Moderator: Robert Trager. Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication. University of Colorado

Room 119 10:15 a.m. - 10:40 a.m. Workshop: "Preparing First Amendment Scholars for the Twenty-First Century" Speaker: Robert C. Berring, Professor of Law and Law Librarian. University of California, Berkeley 10:45 a.m. - 11:10 a.m. Discussion Sessions (See next page for details) Room 119 11:15 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. Conclusion Workshop Moderator: Tom Eveslage, Professor of Communications. Temple University. Department of Journalism Admlnl.tratlv. ON/e.. Law Schoo I First Floor

/

Law Ubr.ry

Second Floor GROUP SESSIONS

Saturday. April 6 11:00 a.m. - 11:45 a.m. SMALL-GROUP SEMINAR SESSIONS Room 127 Leader: Tom Collins. Professor of Law. College of William and Mary Participants: Last Names Beginning with K. S. W Room 124 Leader: T. Barton Carter. School of Public Relations and Mass Communications, Boston University Participants: Last Names Beginning with B, F, L, T Room 120 Leader: Santiago Sanchez. Professor of Constitutional Law. UNED (Madrid) Participants: Last Names Beginning with H, I. M, N, Y Room 239 Leader: Claudia Haskell, Executive Director, First Amendment Congress Participants: Last Names Beginning with C, 0, P, U Room G-5 Leader: Stephen Carter Participants: Last Names Beginning with D, G, R. Z Room G-16 Leader: Kathy Abrams Participants: Last Names Beginning with A, E, J, N

3:45 p.m. - 4:30 p.m. SMALL GROUP SEMINAR SESSIONS Room 127 Leader: Tom Collins Participants: Last Names Beginning with K, S, W Room 124 Leader: T. Barton Carter Participants: Last Names Beginning with B, F, L, T Room 120 Leader: Santiago Sanchez Participants: Last Names Beginning with H, I, M, N, Y Room 239 Leader: Claudia Haskell Participants: Last Names Beginning with C, 0, P, U Room G-5 Leader: Bill Chamberlain Participants: Last Names Beginning with D, G, R, Z Room G-16 Leader: Rod Smolla Participants: Last Names Beginning with A, E, J, N

Sunday. April 7

10:45 a.m. - 11:10 a.m. DISCUSSION SESSIONS Room 127 Leader: Fred Schauer Participants: Last Names Beginning with K, S, W Room 124 Leader: Ruth Walden, Associate Professor, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Participants: Last Names Beginning with B, F, L, T Room 120 Leader: Betty Winfield Participants: Last Names Beginning with H, I, M, N, Y Room 239 Leader: Bill Chamberlin Participants: Last Names Beginning with C, 0, P, U Room G-5 Leader: Bob Drechsel, Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin, Madison Participants: Last Names Beginning with D, G, R, Z Room G-16 Leader: Don Gillmore, Silha Professor of Media Ethics and Law, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota Participants: Last Names Beginning with A, E, J, N THE PAPER COMPETITION

AEJMC and the Institute wish to extend special thanks to Professor Richard Hixson of the Rutgers University Department of Journalism and Mass Media who selected the paper competition judges and coordinated the judging process and to the readers and judges who worked with him.

Each paper was read by at least two subject specialists who were asked to recommend whether the paper should be rejected, accepted, or accepted conditionally. Readers who screened papers in their areas of specialty included: Gerald Baldasty, School of Communications, University of Washington; Ross Baker, Department of Political Science, Rutgers University; Louise Benjamin, Department of Telecommunications Radio-TV, Indiana University; Dorothy Bowles, School of Journalism, University of Tennessee; Sandra Braman, Institute of Communication Research, University of Illinois, Charlene Brown, School of Journalism, Indiana University; Richard W. Budd, School of Communication, Information and Library Sciences, Rutgers University; Gifford Christians, College of Communications, University of Illinois; Anne Cooper, E. W. Scripps School of Journalism, Ohio University; Elaine English, Licthman, Trister, Singer & Ross, Washington, D.C.; Tom Eveslage, Department of Journalism, Temple University; Dee Garrison, Department of History, Rutgers University; Terry Hynes, Department of Communications, California State University at Fullerton; Montaque Kern, Department of Journalism and Mass Media, Rutgers University; Linda Lawson, School of Journalism, Indiana University; Paul Marcus, College of Law, University of Arizona; Marion Marzolf, Department of Communication, University of Michigan; Charles McCormick, Division of Social Science, Fairmont State College; Kent Middleton, College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia; Abraham Mund, president, BRAINS, International, Inc.; Robert Nagel, School of Law, University of Colorado; John Nichols, School of Journalism, Pennsylvania State University; John Nowak, College of Law, University of Illinois, Cathy Packer, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of North Carolina; Patrick Parsons, School of Communications, Pennsylvania State University; Cathy Pratt, School of Journalism, Ohio State University; Ivan Preston, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin; Norman Rosenberg, Department of History, Macalester College, John Stevens, Department of Communication, University of Michigan; Dwight Teeter, Department of Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee; Robert Trager, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Colorado; Ruth Walden, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of North Carolina; Jay Wright, Newhouse School of Public Communication, Syracuse University; and Harvey L. Zuckman, Director, Institute for Communications Law Studies, Catholic University School of Law, Washington, D.C.

The four judges who selected the final papers were: Margaret Blanchard, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of North Carolina; Don Gillmore, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota; Franklyn Haiman, Department of Communication Studies, School of Speech, Northwestern University; and Steven Shiffrin, Cornell Law School, Cornell University. Each judge read each of the 18 semi-finalist papers, deciding which four should receive the $1000 prize money and which of the others should be presented in Williamsburg.

Copies of the winning papers are not available at the conference, but will be published in a book under the direction of W. Wat Hopkins, Assistant Professor of Communications Studies, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. WINNERS

Susan Gellman, Adjunct Professor, Capital University Law School, and Assistant Public Defender, Ohio Public Defender Commission. (Ohio Public Defender Commission, 8 E. Long Street, Columbus, OH 43215). Paper, "Sticks and Stones May Put You in Jail, But Can Words Increase Your Sentence?"

Alan J. Howard, Professor, School of Law, Saint Louis University. (Saint Louis University, 3700 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63108). Paper, "The Constitutionality of Deceptive Speech Regulations: Replacing the Commercial Speech Doctrine with a Tort-Based Relational Framework," accepted for publication by Case Western Reserve Law Review.

Bill Loving, Student, SMU School of Law. (Home, 5612 Woodway Drive, Forth Worth, TX 76133). Paper," An Inquiry into the Constitutionality of an Act for the Punishment of Certain Crimes (The Sedition Act)."

William V. Luneburg, Professor, School of Law, University of Pittsburg. (University of Pittsburgh, 3900 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburg, PA 15260). Paper, "Civic Republicanism, The First Amendment, and Executive Branch Policymaking," accepted for publication by William and Mary Administrative Law Review.

HONORABLE MENTION

Maurine H. Beasley, Professor, College of Journalism, University of Maryland. (University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742). Paper, "Women Journalists and Freedom of the Press: A Preliminary Historical Inquiry."

Hosoon Chang, Student, Journalism and Mass Communication, University of North Carolina. (Home, 237-C Jackson Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27514). Paper, "The Book Burning Controversy of 1953: The McCarthy Committee's Investigation of the International Information Agency Overseas Libraries."

Larry D. Eldridge, Recent PhD, History, Vanderbilt University. (Home, P. O. Box 120605, Nashville, TN 37212). Paper, "The Seeds of Our Freedom: The Growth of Free Speech in Early America, 1607-1700."

Timothy W. Gleason, Assistant Professor, School of Journalism, University of Oregon. (University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1275). Paper," Seeking Shelter from the 'Best Man' (and Newspaper Editors): Libel Litigation in the Late 1800s."

Craig Smith, Chair and Professor of Speech Communication and Director of the Center for First Amendment Studies, California State University. (California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840-2407). Paper, "Freedom of Expression in the Fractured Forums of Public Policy Debate: A Case Study."

Richard W. Steele, Professor, Department of History, San Diego State University. (San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182). Paper, "Curbing the Beast Within: Free Speech and the Control of Sedition in the U.S., 1919-1941." BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

KATHRYN ABRAMS is Associate Professor of Law at Boston University Law School. She writes and teaches in the areas of constitutional law, civil rights, feminism, and gender discrimination. Forthcoming articles include "Feminist Lawyering and Legal Method", which will appear in Law and Society Inquiry, and "Hearing the Call of Stories," an examination of the use of narrative in feminist scholarship, which will appear in the California Law Review.

ROBERT C. BERRING is a Professor of Law and Law Librarian at the University of California at Berkeley (Boalt Hail). He teaches courses in legal research and in Chinese law at the Law School, and courses in law librarianship, legal bibliography, and the management of college and university libraries at the Library School. Professor Berring received his B.A. degree from Harvard University and his J.D. and M.L.S. degrees from the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of numerous books and articles on legal research and database technologies, as well as two videotape series on legal research techniques.

MARGARET A. BLANCHARD is a Professor of Journalism at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Formerly a reporter with the Palm Beach Post-Times and a reporter and editor with the Miami Herald, Professor Blanchard's teaching and research interests include the history and development of the First Amendment, media history, news editing, feature writing, and news writing. Professor Blanchard has B.SJ. and M.A. degrees from the University of Florida, and a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is the author of Revolutionary Sparks: Freedom of Expression in Modern America (in press with Oxford University Press), and Exporting the First Amendment: The Press-Government Crusade of 1945-1952 (New York: Longman, 1986).

VINCENT BLASI is the Corliss Lamont Professor of Civil Liberties at Columbia Law School, where he has taught since 1982. He has also taught at the law schools of the University of Michigan, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Texas, Stanford University, and the College of William and Mary. He graduated from Northwestern University in 1964 and the University of Chicago Law School in 1967. He / has published articles on a variety of constitutional law subjects and has edited two books, The Burger Court: The Counter-Revolution That Wasn't (Yale University Press, 1983) and Law and Liberalism in the 1980s (1990). He specializes in the law and history of the First Amendment.

TIMOTHY J. BRENNAN is an Associate Professor of Policy Sciences at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. His research on First Amendment issues has appeared in law, communications, policy, and economic journals. It includes assessments of content regulation, vertical integration, and the Fairness Doctrine. Prior to re-entering academia in 1986, he served for eight years with the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, analyzing regulation, commercial practice, and market structure in the broadcasting and telephone industries. His other research and teaching interests include ethics and policy, methodology of economics, industrial organization, and intellectual property.

STEPHEN L. CARTER is a Professor of Law at Yale Law School where he teaches constitutional law, contracts, and intellectual property, among other subjects. He received his undergraduate degree from Stanford University and his law degree from Yale Law School. Prior to joining the Yale law faculty in 1982, Professor Carter clerked for Judge Spottswood W. Robinson, III of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the United States Supreme Court, and practiced law with the firm of Shea & Gardner in Washington, D.C.

WILLIAM (BILL) F. CHAMBERLIN is the Joseph L. Brechner Eminent Scholar of Journalism and Director, Brechener Center for Freedom of Information at the University of Florida, a position he has held since 1987. He is co-author (with Kent Middleton) of a major undergraduate textbook in mass media law, The Law of Public Communication, and the co-author (with Charlene Brown) of the First Amendment Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the meaning of Freedom of Speech and Press. Professor Chamberlin has been an officer in the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication for nearly 15 years. He speaks regularly to the general public and media groups on access to government information, the First Amendment, regulation of electronic media, and libel. He received his B.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Washington, and an M.A. from the University of Wisconsin. ROBERT M. ENTMAN is Associate Professor of Communication Studies, Journalism, and Political Science at Northwestern University. Author of Democracy Without Citizens: Media and the Decay of American Democracy (Oxford University Press, 1989) and co-author of Media Power Politics (Free Press, 1981), he holds a Ph.D in political science from Yale and a masters degree in policy analysis from Berkeley. One of his current projects involves reconciling economic and non-economic approaches to the analysis of communications policy issues.

THOMAS E. EVESLAGE is Professor of Journalism at Temple University. His teaching areas include mass communications law and ethics, mass media and society, news writing and editing, and public relations. Professor Eveslage earned his B.S. degree from St Cloud State University, his M.A. from the University of Minnesota and his Ph.D. from Southern Illinois University. He writes and speaks on First Amendment issues. His professional activities include long-standing membership in AECMJ.

FREDERICK SCHAUER is the Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. He received his A.B. and M.B.A. degrees from Dartmouth College and his J.D. from Harvard. He is the author of Playing by the Rules: A Philosophical Examination of Rule-Based Decision-making in Law and in Life (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1991); the 1983-1990 Supplements to Gunther, Constitutional Law (Foundation Press, 1983-1990); Free Speech: A Philosophical Enquiry (Cambridge University Press, 1982) (Spanish translation, Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1990) (Second edition, 1991), and, The Law of Obscenity (BNA Books, 1976).

RODNEY A. SMOLLA is the Arthur B. Hanson Professor of Law and Director of the Institute of Bill of Rights Law at the College of William and Mary, Marshall-Wythe School of Law. He is a graduate of Yale College and of the Duke Law School, and clerked for Chief Judge Charles Clark of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. His publications include Suing the Press: Libel, the Media, and Power (Oxford University Press, 1986), which won the ABA Gavel Award Certificate of Merit, Law of Defamation (Clark Boardman, 1986), a legal treatise, and Jerry Falwell v. Larry Flynt: The First Amendment on Trial (St. Martin's Press, 1988), and Free Speech in an Open Culture (Knopf Press, forthcoming, 1992).

ROBERT TRAGER is Professor and Director of the doctoral program in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He has practiced media law, first in Washington, D.C., then in Colorado, since earning his J.D. from Stanford Law School in 1982. He earned his Ph.D. in mass communication from the University of Minnesota in 1972, and subsequently was associate professor and head of graduate studies in the School of Journalism at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. He is author or co-author of books, book chapters, journal and law review articles, and scholarly papers on media law topics.

BETTY H. WINFIELD is Professor of Journalism at the University of Missouri. She is currently serving as the 1991 Barone Fellow at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, where she is completing a book, The First Amendment and the Presidency. Professor Winfield received her B.S. degree from the University of Arkansas, her M.A. from the University of Michigan, and her Ph.D. from the University of Washington. She is the author of a number of other publications including, FDR and News Media (University of Illinois Press, 1990) and The Edward R. Murrow Heritage: A Challenge for the Future (as co-author; Iowa University Press, 1986).

DIANE L. ZIMMERMAN is a Professor of Law at New York University. She teaches in the areas of constitutional law (with emphasis on the First Amendment), real property, torts, environmental law, copyright, and communications law. Before joining the NYU faculty in 1977, Professor Zimmerman clerked for Chief Judge Jack B. Weinstein of the United States District Court of the Eastern District of New York. She has also worked as a features and investigative reporter for the New York Daily News and in a variety of editorial positions with Newsweek magazine. Currently on leave from NYU for the 1990-91 term, Professor Zimmerman is of counsel to the law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Rom in New York. Freedom of Expression Conference Attendees

Abrahamson. David; New York Unlv Carter. Shirley; Unlv of North Florida Friedheim. Jeny; ANPA

Abrams. Kathryn: Boston Unlv Carter. Stephen; Yale Unlv Gallimore. Tim; Univ ofMlssourl

Alexander. Sherry, Univ of Florida Carter. T. Barton; Boston Untv Gellman. Susan; Ohio Public Defender Commission Anderson. Douglas. Arizona State Unlv Chamberlin. Bill; Unlv of Florida Gilligan. Gregory; Richmond Times- Arant. David; Univ of North Carolina Chang. Hosoon; Unlv of North Carolina Dispatch

Babblll, Anantha; Texas Christian Clofalo, Andrew; Loyola College Gillmor. Donald; Unlv of Minnesota Untv Click. J. William; Winthrop Collge Gleason. Tim; Unlv of Oregon Beasley. Maurine; Unlv of Maryland Cole. Richard; Univ of North Carolina Goldberg. Stephanie; American Bar Bekken. Jon; Univ of Central Arkansas Association Journal Conn. Earl; Ball State Unlv Berring. Robert; Unlv of California. Gordon. David; Emerson College Berkeley Copeland. David; Univ of North Carolina Gorman. James; Otterbein College Bertazzonl, Donna; Hood College Coulson. David; Unlv of Nevada-Reno Greco. Albert; New York Unlv Blanchard. Margaret; Unlv of North Carolina Cox. Sharon; Lynchburg College Gumpert. Gary; Queens College

Blanchard. Robert; Trinity Univ Dary. David; Unlv of Oklahoma Gutierrez. Felix; Gannett Foundation

Blast, Vincent; Columbia Univ Dickerson. Donna; Unlv of South Hamada. Junichi; Unlv of Tokyo Florida Bopp, Mary Louise; Marist College Hamilton. Mary; St. Bonaventure Univ Dietrick. William; Public Relations Bowman. Nancy; Unlv of Missouri Council Hanson. Gary; RfNDA

Braman. Sandra; Unlv of Illinois Dobler. Judith; Loyola College Haskel. Claudia; First Amendment Congress Brennan. TImothy; Unlv of Maryland Dow. Caroline; Unlv of Evansville Helle. Steve; Unlv of Illinois Brinkman. Del; Univ of Kansas Drechsel. Robert; Unlv of Wlsconsln- Madison Hermanson. Louise; Univ of South Brock. Sharon. Ohio State Univ Alabama Droppelt, Jack; Northwestern Unlv Brod, Donald; Northern Illinois Unlv Hixson. Richard; Rutgers Unlv Drucker. Susan; Hofstra Unlv Brooks. Terri; New York Unlv Hodges. Louis; Society & the Dunn. Gregory; Rutter & Dunn Professions Bunge. Judith Associates Hopkins. Wat; Virginia Tech Univ Bunge. Walter; Ohio State Unlv Eastham. Thomas; Hearst Foundation Howard. Alan; Saint Louis Unlv Bunker. Matt; Unlv of Florida Eldridge. Larry; Vanderbilt Unlv Huttenstlne, Marian; Univ of Alabama Busby. Linda; Univ of South Florida Emery. Edwin; Unlv of Minnesota Hynes. Terry; California State Unlv, Bush. Ellen; Unlv of Florida Emery. Mary; Unlv of Minnesota Fullerton

Campbell. Ken; Univ of South Carolina Entman. Robert; Northwestern Unlv Izard. Ralph; Ohio Univ

Campbell. Suzanne; Univ of Alabama Ervin. Ferrell; SE Missouri State Univ Jasper. Laura Gintz; Univ of Wisconsin Caravella. Miriam; USIA Eveslage. Thomas; Temple Univ Jennings. John: Washington & Lee Okeowo, David: Alabama State Unlv Soffln, Stan; Michigan State Unlv Univ Omachonu, John; Bethune-Cookman Sparks. Mary: Texas Woman's Untv Jenson. John: Texas A&I Unlv College Stager-Snow. Dania; Rutgers Univ Johnstone. Monica: Loyola College Oukrop. Carol; Kansas State Unlv Starck. Ken; Unlv of Iowa Jones. Lisa; Univ of Missouri Overby. Charles; Gannett Foundation Stark. Rosalind; ANPAFoundation Kautsch, Mike; Unlv of Kansas Packer. Cathy; Unlv of North Carolina Steele. Richard; San Diego State Univ Keel.Vernon; Wichita State Unlv Petersen. Barbara: Untv of Michigan Stein. Judith; Ohio State Unlv Konner, Joan; Columbia Unlv Petersen. Keith Stevens. Hugh; Everett Gaskins Lambeth. Edmund; Unlv of Missouri Phelps. Michael; Michael Phelps & Hancock Assoc. Loving. Bill; Southern Methodist Unlv Taylor. Orlando; Howard Unlv Prior-Miller. Marcia; Iowa State Unlv Lowenstein. Ralph; Unlv of Florida Taylor. Richard; Penn State Untv Quinn. Eugene; USIA Luneburg. William; Univ of Pittsburgh Teeter. Dwight; Univ of Wisconsin. Robeck. Mark; Unlv of Chicago Milwaukee Mallonee. Barbara; Loyola College Rowland. Willard; Unlv of Colorado Trager. Robert; Unlv of Colorado Markin. Karen; Univ of North Carolina Sachsman. David; California State Tucker. Jean; Unlv of Maryland Marshall. Hal; Unlv of Arizona Unrv, Fullerton VanSlyke Turk. Judy; Kent State Unlv Martin. Shannon; Unlv of North Scanlan. Linda; NorfolkState Unlv Carolina Viall. Elizabeth; Univ of Alabama Schauer. Fred; Harvard Unlv Matheson. Jean; Univ of Wisconsin Walden. Ruth; Unlv of North Carolina Schwarzlose. Richard; Northwestern Mazer. Roslyn; Dickstein Shapiro & Unlv Washko. Lynne Mary: Lynchburg Morin College Scott. Byron; Univ of Missouri McChesney. Inger Stole; Unlv of Watten. Jan; Hearst Foundation Wlsconsln- Madison Self. Charles; Texas A&MUnlv White. Katherine; Everett Gaskins Middleton. Kent; Unlv of Georgia Shain. Russ; Arkansas State Unlv Hancock

Mills. Dean; Univ of Missouri Shaw. Susanne; Unlv of Kansas Winfield. Betty. Unlv of Missouri

Morris. Leeann; Everett Gaskins Smith. Craig; California State Univ, Winter. Bill; American Press Institute Hancock Long Beach Wright, Jay; Syracuse Unlv Murphy. Sharon: Marquette Unlv Smith. Katharine; Unlv of Virginia Zimmerman. Diane; NewYork Unlv Neuzil. Mark; Univ of Minnesota Smith. Hampden; Washington & Lee Unlv Zuckman. Harvey; Catholic Univ "Freedom of Expression: Past, Present and Future" is co-sponsored by The Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication and the Institute of Bill of Rights Law. We are particularly grateful for the grant from the Gannett Foundation. Further financial support for this conference was provided by the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern Univesity and the College of Journalism and Communications at the University of Florida. AEJMC members who helped plan the conference include Margaret Blanchard, University of North Carolina; Tom Eveslage, Temple University; Dick Hixson, Rugers , University; W. Wat Hopkins, Virginia Tech; Cathy Pratt, Ohio State University; Dwight Teeter, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee; Robert Trager, University of Colorado; j and Betty Winfiled, University of Missouri. Additional assistance was provided by Kay Kindred and Millie Arthur, on the staff of the Institute, Jennifer McGill, Fred Williams, and Richard Burke on the staff of AElMC, and Sue Ellen Smith of the Brechner Center.

The Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication AEJMC is composed of more than 2,600 journalism/communication faculty from across the United States and Canada and in 25 foreign countries. It publishes three quarterly research journals, Journalism Quarterly, Journalism Educator, Journalism Monographs, and two annuals, Journalism Abstracts, and Journalism and Mass Communication Directory. Founded in 1912, this non-profit, educational association promotes research in the field, and seeks to improve teaching of journalism and mass communication in an effort to achieve better professional practice, a better informed public and wider human understanding. Staff: Jennifer H. McGill, Executive Director; 1621 College Street, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-0251; (803) 777-2005. AEJMC Freedom of Expression Conference Coordinator: Bill F. Chamberlin, Joseph L. Brechner Eminent Scholar of Journalism and Director, Brechner Center for Freedom of Information, College of Journalism & Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; (904) 392-2273.

The Institute of Bill of Rights Law The Institute was established at William and Mary in 1982 to support research and education on the Constitution and Bill of Rights. One of the principal missions of ) the Institute is to facilitate interaction between the professions of law and journalism. Today the Institute is a dynamic center for mediating the past and the future, making J debate over the meaning of the Bill of Rights relevant to policy conflicts in the modern world. Staff: Rodney A. Smolla, Director and Art?~r B. Hanson Professor of Law, and Kay P. Kindred, Deputy Director; College of William and Mary, Marshall-Wythe School of Law, Williamsburg, VA 23185; (804) 221-3810.

The Gannett Foundation Funding for this symposium has been provided by the Gannett Foundation the nation's largest foundation devoted to fostering First Amendment freedoms. The ' Gannett Foundation is dedicated primarily to supporting national and community programs that foster the freedoms of press, speech, assembly, petition and religion and the free exercise thereof by and for all peoples. Staff: Felix Gutierrez, Vice President. Gannett Foundation, 1101 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22314; (703) 284-2850. '