STEVEN LIVINGSTON Curriculum Vita 25 June 2020 School of Media

STEVEN LIVINGSTON Curriculum Vita 25 June 2020

School of Media and Public Affairs; Elliott School of International Affairs The George Washington University 805 21st Street NW, MPA Bldg, #433 Washington, DC 20052 202.321.8054 (Mobile) 202.994.5888 (Office) [email protected]

Steven Livingston is Professor of Media and Public Affairs and International Affairs with appointments in the School of Media and Public Affairs (SMPA) and the Elliott School of International Affairs (ESIA). He is also the founding director of the Institute for Data, Democracy, and Politics (IDDP). He is also affiliated faculty in the Department of Political Science and in the Space Policy Institute at GW.

Livingston’s research and teaching focus on information and communication technology, development and governance, open source investigations, and transnational advocacy, especially concerning human rights, and disinformation. Among other publications, he has written The Terrorism Spectacle (Westview Press, 1994); When the Press Fails: Political Power and the News Media from Iraq to Katrina (with W. Lance Bennett and Regina Lawrence) (University of Chicago Press, 2007); Bits and Atoms: Information and Communication Technology in Areas of Limited Statehood (with Gregor Walter-Drop) (Oxford University Press, 2014); Africa’s Evolving Infosystems: A Pathway to Security and Stability (NDU Press, 2011) and Africa’s Information Revolution: Implications for Crime, Policing, and Citizen Security (NDU Press, 2013); and The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology, and Disruptive Communication in the United States (an edited volume with W. Lance Bennett) (Cambridge University Press, in press).

Livingston received a Ph.D. (1990) in political science from the University of Washington and joined the faculty of the George Washington University in 1991 following a year at the University of Utah. He served as the director of the Political Communication Program, then

a degree-granting department within SMPA, for a total of eight years (1996-2002; 2004- 2006) and as interim director of the School of Media and Public Affairs, from 2004 - 2006. He is also the founder of the Institute for Public Diplomacy and Global Communication at GWU in 2000 and served as the chairman of the Board of Directors until 2008. In the 1992- 93, Livingston was a Social Science Research Council Senior Research Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies (funded by the Ford Foundation). In 1995, he received funding from the Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation to investigate the role of the military and the media in humanitarian crises. In 1996, he was a Research Fellow at the Shorenstein Center on Press, Politics and Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School. In April 2004, he was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship. In 2015, he was awarded an Erskine Canterbury Fellowship at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. Later in 2015, he was appointed as senior research fellow at the Collaborative Research Center (SFB) 700 "Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood" at the Freie Universität Berlin. In 2016, he was a guest scholar in the Governance Studies program at the Brookings Institution. Concurrently, he was a Senior Fellow in residence at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard University. Since 2018, Livingston has served on the Technology Advisory Board of the International Criminal Court at The Hague. He also serves on the Scientific Freedoms and Responsibilities Committee of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In spring 2017, he was a visiting professor at St. Gallen University, Switzerland. In the summer of 2017, Livingston was a Visiting Senior Research Associate at the Centre for Governance and Human Rights, Cambridge University.

Livingston has lectured at the National Defense University, the Army War College, the Strategic Studies Group at the Naval War College, the Brookings Institution, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, the U.S. Institute for Peace, European Institute of Diplomacy, Vienna, the Foreign Service Institute, the U.S. Department of State, and at universities and think tanks in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, New Zealand, and Australia. He has appeared on CNN, CNN-International, ABC, CBC, BBC, NPR, VICE News, al Jazeera, al Jazeera English and many other news organizations. He has also been quoted in The Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, The Economist, and other newspapers around the world. He has also written for Newsday, USA Today, and La Stampa in Rome.

His research has taken him on extended stays in Russia, Europe, South America, throughout the Middle East, South Asia and Africa. At the invitation of the US Embassy in Baghdad, he was in Iraq twice in 2008 and for a third time in 2009. At the invitation of the Canadian government and NATO, he was in Afghanistan in 2009 and again in 2010. He has advised a wide range of governments, the U.N. and NGOs, and the World Bank on matters relating to international affairs, media, and technology. He has visited over 50 countries, many multiple times, in the last decade.

EDUCATION

PhD, Political Science, University of Washington, 1990 M.A., Political Science, University of Washington, 1984 B.A., Political Science, (Magna Cum Laude), University of S. Florida, 1981

ACADEMIC POSITIONS

• Professor of Media and Public Affairs and International Affairs, George Washington University, 2007- present.

• Interim Director, School of Media and Public Affairs, George Washington University, 2004-2006.

• Director, Political Communication Program, The George Washington University, 1996 - 2002; 2004 -• 2006.

• Associate Professor of Media and Public Affairs, The George Washington University, 1996 -• 2007.

• Associate Professor of International Affairs, The Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University, 1996 -• 2007.

• Assistant Professor of International Affairs, The Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University, 1992 -• 1993.

• Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Utah, 1990 -• 1991.

• Visiting Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Washington, summer 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004.

OTHER PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS

• Founding Director, Institute for Data, Democracy, and Politics, 2019 – present.

• Member, Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2017 – present.

• Technical Advisory Board, Office of the Chief Prosecutor, International Criminal Court at The Hague, 2018.

• Advisory Council of the Media and Peacebuilding Project at GW's School of Media and Public Affairs (SMPA)

• Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Public Diplomacy Institute (The Institute for Public Diplomacy and Global Communication), The George Washington University, 2000- 2008.

AWARDS, FELLOWSHIPS, & GRANTS

• Knight Foundation Grant, $5 million to establish the Institute for Data, Democracy, and Politics, 2019.

• GW University Seminar Series (with Neil Johnson and David Broniatowski), 2019- 2020.

• Visiting Senior Research Associate at the Centre for Governance and Human Rights, Cambridge University, May – July 2017.

• Visiting professor at St. Gallen University in St. Gallen, Switzerland, April 2017.

• August 2016 – present, Senior Fellow, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard University.

• Guest scholar, Governance Studies program at the Brookings Institution, May – December 2016.

• Doris Graber Outstanding Book Award, American Political Science Association, for When the Press Fails: Political Power and the News Media from Iraq to Katrina, With W. Lance Bennett and Regina G. Lawrence, September 2016.

• Canterbury Fellowship, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, July – August 2015.

• Senior Research, SFB 700, Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood, (Der Sonderforschungsbereich 700: Governance in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit), Die Freie Universität, September – December 2015.

• Staub Faculty Excellence Award for 2015, School of Media and Public Affairs, The George Washington University

• Research grant, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, 2013. (Approximately $50,000)

• Research Fellow, SFB 700, Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood, (Der Sonderforschungsbereich 700: Governance in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit), Die Freie Universität, December 2011.

• Research Grant, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, 2011 (Approximately $50,000)

• Best Paper Award (with Sean Aday), Broadcast Association Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, 2004.

• Fulbright Scholarship to Beirut, Lebanon, 2004-2005 (Declined to assume interim directorship of SMPA).

• Senior Research Fellow, Center for American Politics and Public Policy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 2002 – 2003.

• Research Grant, Elliott School of International Affairs, 1999.

• Goldsmith Research Grant, Joan Shorenstein Center of the Press, Politics and Public Policy, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1996.

• Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation, grant to organize a conference on humanitarian crises, news coverage and military operations. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General John Shalikashvili, keynote speaker.

• Junior Faculty Incentive Award, The George Washington University, 1994.

• Faculty Research Grant, The George Washington University, 1992.

• Social Science Research Council Senior Research Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies, 1992-1993.

PUBLICATIONS

Books and Monographs

• The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology, and Disruptive Communication in the United States, edited volume with W. Lance Bennett, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020).

• Bits and Atoms: Information and Communication Technology in Areas of Limited Statehood, edited volume with Gregor Walter-Drop, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014).

• Africa’s Evolving Infosystems: A Pathway to Security and Stability, (Washington, DC: NDU Press, 2011).

• Africa’s Information Revolution: Implications for Crime, Policing, and Citizen Security, (Washington, DC: NDU Press, 2013).

• When the Press Fails: Political Power and News Media from Iraq to Katrina, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007). With W. Lance Bennett and Regina G. Lawrence.

• “Beyond the CNN Effect: An Examination of Media Effects According to Type of Intervention,” (Cambridge, MA: The Shorenstein Center on Press, Politics and Public Policy, 1996).

• “Humanitarian Crises: Meeting the Challenges,” (Chicago: The Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation, 1995).

• The Terrorism Spectacle: The Politics of Terrorism and the News Media, (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).

Refereed Journal Articles

• Steven Livingston and Mathias Risse, Lucius N. Littauer Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University, “The Future Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Humans and Human Rights,” Ethics & International Affairs, a journal of the Carnegie Council. June 7, 2019.

• Steven Livingston and Jack Nassetta, “Framing and Strategic Narratives: Synthesis and Analytical Framework,” The SAIS Review of International Affairs, Summer-Fall 2018, Vol 38, no 2.

• Steven Livingston. Guest edited a special issue of the Journal of International Affairs. The issue is built around Contentious Narratives: Digital Technology and the Attack on Liberal Democratic Norms.

• W. Lance Bennett and Steven Livingston, “The Disinformation Order: Disruptive Communication and the Decline of Democratic Institutions,” European Journal of Communication, 2018, Vol. 33(2) pp. 122–139.

• Catie Snow Bailard and Steven Livingston, “Crowdsourcing Accountability in a Nigerian Election, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 11:4, 2014, pp. 349 – 367.

• Steven Livingston, “From Regimes to Ecologies: Globalizing Bruce Bimber’s Model of Information and Politics,” Revista Internacional de Sociologia, Vol 69, No. 3, September – December 2011.

• Steven Livingston and Gregory Asmolov, “Networks and the Future of Foreign Affairs Reporting,” Journalism Studies (2010), Volume: 11, Issue: 5, Pages: 745-760.

• Sean Aday and Steven Livingston, “NGOs as Intelligence Agencies: The Empowerment of Transnational Advocacy Networks and the Media by Commercial Remote Sensing in the Case of Iranian the Nuclear Program,” Geoforum, 40 (2009) 514-522.

• Steven Livingston and Sean Aday, "Taking the State Out of State-Media Relations Theory: How Transnational Advocacy Networks Are Rewriting (Some) of the Rules about What We Think We Know about News and Politics." Media, War, and Conflict. Volume 1, Number 1, April 2008, pp. 99-107.

• Robert M. Entman, Steven Livingston and Jennie Kim, “Doomed to Repeat: Iraq News, 2002-2007,” American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 52, No. 5, 689-708 (2009).

• W. Lance Bennett, Regina Lawrence, Steven Livingston, “None Dare Call It Torture: Indexing and the Limits of Press Independence in the Abu Ghraib Scandal,” Journal of Communication, vol. 56, 2006. pp. 467-485.

• W. Lance Bennett, Regina Lawrence, Steven Livingston, “Evitar a palavra tortura. Os media norte-americanos e o enquadramento politico de Abu Ghraib,” Media & Jornalismo, (Portugal) Semestral, No 7, September 2005, pp. 7-37.

• Sean Aday, John Cluverius, Steven Livingston. “As Goes the Statue, So Goes the War: The Emergence of the Victory Frame in Television Coverage of the Iraq War.” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, Vol 49, No. 3, pp. 314-331.

• Sean Aday, Steven Livingston, and Hebert, Maeve (2005). “Embedding the Truth: A Cross- Cultural Analysis of Objectivity and Television Coverage of the Iraq War.” Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, Volume 10 no. 1, pp. 3-21.

• Steven Livingston and Douglas Van Belle, “The Effects of New Satellite Newsgathering Technology on Newsgathering from Remote Locations,” Political Communication, Volume 22, No 1, January – March 2005, pp. 45-62.

• Steven Livingston and W. Lance Bennett, “Gatekeeping, Indexing and Live-Event News: Is Technology Altering the Construction of News?,” Political Communication, Volume 20, No 4, October-December 2003, pp. 363-380.

• W. Lance Bennett and Steven Livingston, “Editors Introduction: A Semi-Independent Press: Government Control and Journalistic Autonomy in the Political Construction of News,” Political Communication, Volume 20, No 4, October-December 2003, pp. 359-362.

• Steven Livingston, “Diplomacy in the New Information Environment,” Georgetown Journal of International Affairs,” Volume 4, No 2, Summer/Fall 2003, pp. 111-116.

• Steven Livingston and Lucas Robinson, “Mapping Fears: The Use of Commercial High- Resolution,” AstroPolitics, Volume 1, no. 2, Autumn 2003, pp. 3-25.

• Steven Livingston and Todd Eachus, “Indexing News After the Cold War: Reporting U.S. Ties to Latin American Paramilitary Organizations,” Political Communication, Volume 13, No. 4, October-December 1996, pp. 423-436.

• Steven Livingston and Todd Eachus, "Humanitarian Crises and U.S. Foreign Policy: Somalia and the CNN Effect Reconsidered,” Political Communication, Volume 12, No. 4, October- December 1995-96, pp. 413-429.

Book Chapters

• Steven Livingston, “Crossing Borders: Culture, Identity, and access to High Education,” Cultural Values in Political Economy, J. P. Singh (ed.), (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press), forthcoming July 2020.

• Steven Livingston and Alice Musabende, “Advanced Digital Technology and Genocide and Mass Atrocities Prevention,” Allan Thompson (ed.) Media and Mass Atrocity: the Rwanda Genocide and Beyond, (Waterloo, Ontario: Au Centre pour l'innovation dans la gouvernance internationale (CIGI), 2019).

• Steven Livingston, “Media, Human Rights, and Forensic Science,” in Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights, Howard Tumber and Silvio Waisbord (eds.), (London: Routledge Handbooks, 2017).

• Steven Livingston, “Indexing Theory and Implications for Adversarial Journalism,” in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, Shanto Iyengar (ed.), (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017).

• Steven Livingston, “Theorizing State-Media Relations During War and Crisis,” in the Routledge Handbook of Media, Conflict and Security, Piers Robinson, Philip M. Seib, and Romy Frohlich, (eds.), (London: Routledge Handbooks, 2017).

• Steven Livingston and David Karpf, “Leveraged Affordances and the Specter of Structural Violence” in State Power 2.0: Authoritarian Entrenchment and Political Engagement Worldwide, Muzammil M. Hussain and Philip N. Howard (eds.) (Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2013).

• Robert Entman, Steven Livingston, Sean Aday, and Jennie Kim, “Condemned to Repeat: Media and the Accountability Gap in Iraq War Policy,” in Public Policy and Mass Media: The Interplay of Mass Communication and Political Decision Making, Sigrid Koch-Baumgarten and Katrin Voltmer, (eds.) (London and New York: Routledge, 2010), pp. 194-214.

• Sean Aday, Robert Entman, & Steven Livingston, “Media, Power and US Foreign Policy,” Sage Handbook of Political Communication, Holli Semetko and Maggie Scammell (eds.), in press.

• Steven Livingston, “Reaping an Uncertain Result: American Media and the Iraq War” in Iraq Uncensored, James M. Ludes (Ed), Washington, DC: American Security Project, 2009.

• Steven Livingston, “The Nokia Effect: The Reemergence of Amateur Journalism What it Means for International Affairs,” From Pigeons to News Portals: Foreign Reporting and the Challenge of New Technology, David Perlmutter and John Maxwell Hamilton (eds.) LSU Press, 2007.

• Steven Livingston, “American Media and Genocide in Rwanda,” The Media and the Rwanda Genocide, Allan Thompson (ed.) Pluto Press & Fountain Press in Uganda, 2007.

• Steven Livingston and Lucas Robinson, “Strange Bedfellows: The Emergence of the Al Qaeda – Baathist News Frame Prior to the 2003 Invasion of Iraq,” Leading to the 2003 Iraq War: The Global Media Debate, Alexander G. Nikolaev and Ernest A. Hakanen (eds.) Palgrave, 2006, pp. 23-37.

• Steven Livingston, W. Lance Bennett, and W. Lucas Robinson, “International News and Advanced Information Technology: Changing the Institutional Domination Paradigm?” in Media and Conflict in the 21st Century, Phil Seib (ed), Palgrave, 2005, pp. 33-55.

• Steven Livingston, “The New Information Environment and Diplomacy,” Cyber-diplomacy in the 21st Century, Evan Potter (ed.), McGill University Press, 2002, pp.110-127.

• Steven Livingston, “Remote Sensing Technology and the News Media,” Commercial Observation Satellites: At the Leading Edge of Global Transparency, John Baker, Kevin O’Connell, and Ray Williamson (eds.) Rand Corporation and the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2001, pp. 485-502.

• Steven Livingston, “Media Coverage of the War: An Empirical Assessment,” Kosovo and the Challenge of Humanitarian Intervention, Albrecht Schnabel and Ramesh Thakur (eds.) Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press, 2001, pp. 360-384.

• Steven Livingston, “Transparency and the News Media,” Power and Conflict in the Age of Transparency, Bernard Finel and Kristin Lord (eds.) St. Martins Press, 2000. Paperback edition published 2002, pp. 257-285.

• Steven Livingston and Todd Eachus, “Rwanda: U.S. Policy and Television Coverage,” The Path of a Genocide: The Rwandan Crisis from Uganda to Zaire, Howard Adelman and Astri Suhrke (eds.), (Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1999), pp. 209-228.

• Steven Livingston, “Mass Media and the Military: Technology One Factor Determining Coverage of the Military," in History of the Mass Media in the United States: An Encyclopedia, Margaret A. Blanchard, (ed.) (Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1998).

• Steven Livingston and David Stephen, “American Network Coverage of Genocide in Rwanda in the Context of General Trends in International News,” Early Warning and Early Response, Susanne Schmeidl and Howard Adelman (eds.), (New York: CIAO, 1998), pp. 1-18.

• Steven Livingston, "Beyond the CNN Effect: The Media-Foreign Policy Dynamic," Politics and the Press: The News Media and Their Influences, Pippa Norris (ed.), Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1997. (This is a modified version of a monograph noted above).

• Steven Livingston, "Sustaining Press Attention A Comparison of the Cases of Somalia and the Sudan” in From Massacres to Genocide: The Media, Humanitarian Crisis, and Policy Making, Robert Rotberg and Thomas Weiss (eds.), Brookings Institution Press, 1996), pp. 68-89.

• Steven Livingston, “Political Structures and Media Ethics: The Authoritarian, Libertarian, and Social Responsibility Theories of the Press” in Broadcasting and Multiparty Democracy in Africa, Charles Okigbo, (ed.) (Nairobi, Kenya: African Council for Communication Education, 1995).

• William Dorman and Steven Livingston, “Historical Content in the News: Policy Consequences for the 1990-91 Persian Gulf Crisis” in Taken By Storm: The Media, Public Opinion, and U.S. Foreign Pony in the Gulf War, W. Lance Bennett and David L. Paletz, (eds.), (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), pp. 63-81.

Other Publications (Partial listing)

• Steven Livingston, “Hyper-Connectivity and Publics in Governance,” a commissioned research monograph for the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). July 3, 2018.

• Scott Edwards and Steven Livingston, “Fake News is About to Get a Lot Worse,” Washington Post, April 3, 2018.

• Steven Livingston and Sushma Raman, “Human Rights Documentation in Limited Access Areas: The Use of Technology in War Crimes and Human Rights Abuse Investigations”. Carr Center White Paper 5/15/2018.

• Steven Livingston and Sushma Raman, “Human Rights & Technology in the 21st Century,” Conference Report, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University. November 3 & 4, 2016. https://carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/cchr/files/technologyandhumanrights.pdf

• Steven Livingston, “Digital Affordance and Human Rights Advocacy,” SFB 700: Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood, SFB-Governance Working Paper Series, No. 69, February 2016.

• Steven Livingston, “Commercial Remote Sensing Satellites and the Regulation of Violence in Areas of Limited Statehood,” Center for Global Communication Studies, Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, January 2015. http://www.global.asc.upenn.edu/publications/commercial-remote-sensing-satellites-and-the- regulation-of-violence-in-areas-of-limited-statehood/

• Steven Livingston and Gregor Walter-Drop, “Information and Communication Technology in Areas of Limited Statehood,” SFB 700: Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood, SFB- Governance Working Paper Series • No. 38 • September 2012. http://www.sfb governance.de/publikationen/sfbgov_wp/wp38_en/WP38.pdf?1347891603

• Catie Bailard, Rob Baker, Matt Hindman, Steven Livingston and Patrick Meier, Mapping the Maps: A Meta-Level Analysis of Crowdsourced Data, A Report of the Internews Center for Innovation & Learning May 2012, Washington DC. http://crowdglobe.net/report

• Steven Livingston, “La dieta base della TV: il Dramma,” Reset, Maggio – Giugno 2008 – Numero 107, pp. 72-74. (An Italian intellectual periodical based in Rome)

• W. Lance Bennett, Regina G. Lawrence, and Steven Livingston, "When the Press Fails," From a New Book by Lance Bennett, Regina Lawrence, and Steven Livingston,” Pressthink: Ghost of Democracy in the Media Machine, June 4, 2007. http://journalism.nyu.edu/pubzone/weblogs/pressthink/

• Steven Livingston, “Diplomacy and Remote Sensing Technology: Changing the Nature of Debate,” Diplomacy in the Information Age, iMP Magazine [Published by the Center for Information Strategy and Policy (CISP) of Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)], 2001.

• Steven Livingston, “Diplomacy and Remote-Sensing Technology: Changing the Nature of Debate,” Net Diplomacy: 2015 and Beyond, Virtual Diplomacy Series Number 16, US Institute of Peace, August 2002, pp. 1-7

• Steven Livingston, “The Battle for Information: Can We Know What’s True?” Newsday, October 14, 2001, pp. B4, B15.

• Steven Livingston, “Are Media Professionals Ready for High-Resolution Imagery?” Imaging Notes, May/June 2000, Vol. 15 mo.3.

• Steven Livingston, "Mines a Deadly Legacy in Bosnia," USA Today, August 19, 1997. Written as special assignment reporter in Bosnia.

• Steven Livingston, "International News Coverage of the Conflict in Southern Sudan: An Assessment with Suggestions for Improvement," (Copyright UNICEP, United Nations, 1994).

• Steven Livingston and William Dorman, "Historical Content and the Persian Gulf War, Deadline, Summer 94.

Book Reviews

• Disruptive Power: The Crisis of the State in the Digital Age, by Taylor Owen. The International Journal of Press/Politics, January 2016. http://hij.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/01/20/1940161215626552.full.pdf+html

• Making Democratic Governance Work: How Regimes Shape Prosperity, Welfare, and Peace, by Pippa Norris and Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson. Political Communication, Vol. 30, No. 4, October-December 2013, pp. 654658.

• Communication Power, by Manuel Castells. Political Communication, Volume 27, 2010, pp. 471-483.

• On Bullshit, by Harry G. Frankfurt, Political Communication, Volume 24, Issue 4, 2007.

• On Truth, Harry G. Frankfurt, Political Communication. Volume 24, Issue 4, 2007

• The CNN Effect: The Myth of News, Foreign Policy and Intervention, by Piers Robinson. Political Communication, Volume 22, No 1, January – March 2005, pp. 113-115.

• Becoming Citizens in the Age of Television, David Thelen, Public Opinion Quarterly, Fall, 1998 Volume 62, pp. 429-430.

• Questioning the Media: A Critical Introduction, John Downing, Ali Mohammadi, Annabelle Sreberny-Mohammadi (eds.). Journal of Communication, Volume 41, No. 1, Winter 1991, pp. 147-150.

• Attack Politics, Michael Pfau and Henry Kenski, American Political Science Review, Winter 1991.

SCHOLARLY PAPERS PRESENTED (Incomplete list)

• W. Lance Bennett and Steven Livingston, “The Disinformation Age: Political Polarization and Information Warfare,” International Communication Association, Washington, DC, May 30, 2019.

• Steven Livingston, and Jack Nassetta, “Inverting Cascades: Network Framing Contestation Following Chemical Weapons Attacks in Syria,” International Studies Association meetings, Toronto, Ontario. March 29, 2019.

• Babak Bahador and Steven Livingston, “Systematic Disinformation and the Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence in Conflict-Fragile States,” International Studies Association meetings, Toronto, Ontario. March 30, 2019.

• Steven Livingston and Scott Edwards, “The Ironic Potential Effects of Abundant Commercial Satellite Imagery for War Crimes and Human Rights Abuse Documentation,” International Studies Association, San Francisco, CA, April 4 – 7, 2018.

• Steven Livingston and Gregory Asmolov, “Digital Affordances and the Role of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), Communities in Framing Contests,” International Studies Association, San Francisco, CA, April 4 – 7, 2018.

• Babak Bahador and Steven Livingston, “Media Interventions for Peace: A Theoretical Context,” International Studies Association, Atlanta, GA, March 16 – 20, 2016.

• Steven Livingston, “Digital Activists Without Borders,” American Political Science Association, San Francisco, September 3 – 6, 2015.

• Steven Livingston, “Digitally Enabled Collective Action in Areas of Limited Statehood,” American Political Science Association, San Francisco, September 3 – 6, 2015.

• Steven Livingston, “Commercial Remote Sensing Satellites and the Regulation of Violence in Areas of Limited Statehood,” International Studies Association, New Orleans, LA, February 18 – 21, 2015

• Steven Livingston and Gregor Walter-Drop, “Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood and Electronically Enabled Organizations: A New Form of Governance?,” International Studies Association, San Diego, CA, April 1-4, 2012.

• Steven Livingston, “Mobile Security and Grassroots Organization: How ICTs Influence Policing in African Communities,” International Studies Association, San Diego, CA, April 1-4, 2012.

• Steven Livingston, “On the Edge of Governance: Exploring the Use of Cellular Telephony by NGOs in Governance Capacity Building,” International Studies Association, March 16-19, 2011, Montreal, Canada.

• Steven Livingston and Sean Aday, “NGOs as Intelligence Agencies: The Empowerment of Civil Society by Commercial Remote Sensing,” Association of American Association of Geographers, San Francisco, CA., April 17-21, 2007.

• Steven Livingston, “News Media Emphasis and the Reality of War,” Media, War and Conflict Conference, Marquette University, April 19-20, 2007.

• Robert Entman and Steven Livingston, "From Failure to Fiasco: Media and Misrepresentation in Iraq,” a panel sponsored by The Claus M. Halle Institute for Global Learning and the new Arabic Media Center at Emory University at the International Communication Association, San Francisco, CA., May 26, 2007.

• W. Lance Bennett, Regina G. Lawrence, and Steven Livingston, “None Dare Call it Torture: Indexing and the Limits of Press Independence in the Abu Ghraib Scandal,” National Communication Association, San Antonio, TX, November 18, 2006.

• Robert M. Entman and Steven Livingston, “When Policy Fails: War and Accountability in Iraq and Beyond,” American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, August 31-September 3, 2006.

• W. Lance Bennett, Regina Lawrence, Steven Livingston, “Event-driven News and Counterframing: The Role of Technology in the Emergence of Counterframes in the Iraq War,” International Studies Association, Honolulu, Hawaii, March 1-5, 2005.

• Sean Aday, John Cluverius, and Steven Livingston, “As Goes the Statue, So Goes the War: The Evolution and Effects of the Victory Frame in Television Coverage of the Iraq War,” Broadcast Education Association, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 16-18, 2004. (Best Paper Award)

• Steven Livingston, “Comparative Media: News, Reporting Technology, and the 2003 War in Iraq,” International Studies Association, Montreal, Canada, March 17 – 21, 2004.

• W. Lance Bennett and Steven Livingston, “Indexing and Live-Event News: Is Technology Altering the Construction of News?,” American Political Science Association, Boston, August 26 – September 1, 2002.

• Steven Livingston and Lucas Robinson, “Mapping Fears: The Use of Commercial High- Resolution Satellite Imagery in International Affairs,” International Studies Association, March 24- 27, 2002, New Orleans, LA.

• Steven Livingston and Douglas Van Belle, “The Effects of New Satellite Newsgathering Technology on Newsgathering from Remote Locations,” International Communication Association, Hong Kong, August 29 – September 2, 2001.

• Steven Livingston, “Transparency or Opacity? Technology and Deception Operations,” International Studies Association, Chicago, February 21-25, 2001.

• Steven Livingston and Kurtis Cooper, “The Changing Nature of CNN ’Live Events’ Coverage and the Consequences for International Affairs,” International Studies Association, Chicago, February 21-25, 2001.

• Steven Livingston, “Private Remote Sensing & News Media: What are the Policy Implications of Private Spy Satellites?,” International Studies Association, Los Angeles, March 15 – 19, 2000.

• Steven Livingston and John Riley, “Television Pictures in Multilateral Policy Decision-making: An Examination of the Decision to Intervene in Eastern Zaire in 1996,” British International Studies Association, Manchester, United Kingdom, December 20, 1999.

• Steven Livingston, “New Information Technology and Global Transparency: Consequences for Military Operations,” Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society, Baltimore, MD, October 23, 1999.

• Steven Livingston, “The New Information Environment and Diplomacy,” International Studies Association, Washington, D.C. February 16-20, 1999.

• Steven Livingston and David Stephen, “U.S. Foreign Policy and Media in the Zaire Crisis,” International Studies Association, Washington, D.C. February 16-20, 1999.

• Steven Livingston and Eric Shiryaev, "A Preliminary Inquiry Into Post-Cold War Cognitive Schemata: A Comparative Analysis of Russian and American Interpretation of the Balkans Conflict," International Society of Political Psychology, Washington, D.C., July 68, 1995.

• Steven Livingston, "Reporting U.S. Ties to Latin American Paramilitary Organizations: Evolving Post-Cold War News Norms?” International Communication Association, Albuquerque, New Mexico, May l995.

• William Dorman and Steven Livingston, "Media, Enemy Formation, and Historical Memory: the 1990 - 91 Persian Gulf Crisis," (Revised) International Communication Association, Miami, FL., May 1992.

• William Dorman and Steven Livingston, “Media, Enemy Formation, and Historical Memory: the 1990 - 91 Persian Gulf Crisis," Speech Communication Association, Atlanta, GA., September 1991.

• Steven Livingston, 'Cued' Stories and 'Marginalized' News: News as Hegemonic Socialization," American Political Science Association, San Francisco, September 1990.

• Steven Livingston, "’Cued’ Terrorism and 'Marginalized' Violence: Reconsidering the Relationship Between Terrorism and the News Media. International Communication Association, Dublin, Ireland, June 1990.

• Steven Livingston, "Political Violence Coverage and the Mass Media: Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy." Western International Studies Association, Provo, Utah, November 1989.

• Steven Livingston, "'Marginalizing the Death Squad Story" (A revision of the PNPSA paper). International Communication Association, San Francisco, CA., May l989.

• Matt Hirshberg and Steven Livingston, "My Enemies are Allies: the Soviet Union, Iran and the Cognitive Connection," International Society of Political Psychology, Meadowlands, New Jersey, July, 1988.

• Steven Livingston, "Defining the Undefined: Terrorism as reported in The New York Times and the CBS Evening News," International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA., May 1988.

• Steven Livingston, "The News Paradigm Revisited: Reporting Links Between the United States and Salvadoran Death Squads. Pacific Northwest Political Science Association, Spokane, WA., October 1987.

OTHER PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE ACTIVITIES

• Plenary (keynote) speaker, International Communication Association Conference, Washington, DC, May 24, 2019. “Transnational Framing in a Digital Age.” Each year, a “panel” of keynote speakers are selected to give the opening presentations.

• Panel Chair, Strategic Narratives and Frame Contestation: Unifying a Fractured Paradigm, International Studies Association, March 29, 2019.

• Panel Chair and Organizer, “Power and Counter Power: State Responses to Digitally Enabled Non-State Actors,” International Studies Association, San Francisco, CA, April 4 – 7, 2018.

• Panel Discussant, “International Protest and New Media,” American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA, August 31 – September 3, 2018

• Panel Discussant, “Manipulating the News: Public Relations and Disinformation Campaigns,” American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA, August 31 – September 3, 2018.

• Keynote Address, International Communication Division, International Studies Association, Preliminary Conference Meeting, March 15, 2016.

• Chair, The International Communication Division of ISA Honors the Work of Robert Entman, International Studies Association, Atlanta, GA, March 16 – 20, 2016.

• Panel Discussant, “Areas of Limited Statehood: What Makes State and Non-ˇstate Governance Effective and Legitimate?,” International Studies Association, March 16 – 20, 2016

• Panel Chair, Improving transparency, American Political Science Association, San Francisco, September 3 – 6, 2015.

• Panel Chair, Governance in the Digital Age: The Promise and Perils of E-Government, American Political Science Association, San Francisco, September 3 – 6, 2015.

• Keynote address, Australia-New Zealand Communication Association, Queenstown, New Zealand, July 4, 2015.

• Roundtable participant, “Digital Media, Development and Social Change: Research from Africa, the Americas, Europe, China and India,” American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, August 28 – 31, 2014.

• Theme Plenary Roundtable participant, “Internet Politics in Authoritarian Contexts,” American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, August 28 – 31, 2014.

• Conference Co-Chair, Political Communication Division of the American Political Communication Association Pre-conference, Washington, DC August 27, 2014.

• Roundtable participant, “Getting Glocal: Reaching Beyond the CNN Effect to Study New Media and Conflict,” International Studies Association, New Orleans, LA, February 18 – 21, 2015.

• Discussant, “Remote Sensing and GIS in Areas of Limited Statehood, Challenging the Assumptions about Media and Conflict,” International Studies Association, New Orleans, LA, February 18 – 21, 2015.

• Chair, The International Communication Division of ISA Honors the Work of Monroe Price, International Studies Association, New Orleans, LA, February 18 – 21, 2015

• Co-chair, Special Conference of the Political Communication Section of the American Political Science Association, “Conflict and International Communication,” August 31, 2005, Washington, DC.

• Co-chair, “Global Media and the 2003 Iraq War,” International Studies Association, Montreal, Canada, April 17 – 21, 2004.

• Discussant, “Media, Communications and Constructivism,” International Studies Association, Montreal, Canada, April 17 – 21, 2004.

• Co-chair, “Constructing News in a Changed Environment: Indexing and Event-driven News,” American Political Science Association meeting, Boston, August 26 – September 1, 2002.

• Co-chair, “Military Operations and Deception in the Age of Transparency,” International Studies Association meeting, Chicago, February 21-25, 2001.

• Roundtable Participant, “Implications of the War in Kosovo,” International Studies Association meeting, Los Angeles, March 15 – 19, 2000.

• Discussant, “Internet and Politics,” American Political Science Association, Atlanta, GA., August 31 – Sept 4, 1999.

• Chair, “Evolving News Norms,” Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association, Albuquerque, New Mexico, May 1995.

• Chair, “News and Foreign Policy,” Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, New York, New York, September 1994.

• Chair, Panel on Mass Media, Gulf War, and the Public Mind, Annual Meeting of the International Communications Association, Miami, FL, May 1992.

• Chair, Panel on Press and Politics, International Communication Association, Dublin, Ireland, June 1990.

• Co-chair, Panel on News Media and Foreign Policy, Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Political Science Association, Spokane, WA., October 1987.

Editorial Boards

• Political Communication, 2000 – 2015.

• Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 2014 – present; associate editor for international affairs, 2017-present.

• Media, War and Conflict, 2010 – present.

• Palgrave Macmillan Series in International Political Communication

PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION ACTIVITIES (partial listing)

• David Swanson Award for Service to Political Communication Scholarship, American Political Science Association, 2016.

• Chair, The Carey McWilliams Award Committee, American Political Science Association 2016.

• Executive Committee, International Communication Division of the International Studies Association, 2014 – present.

• Chair, Distinguished Scholar Awards Committee for the International Communication Division, International Studies Association, 2015, 2016.

• Secretary/Treasurer, Political Communication Division, American Political Science Association (re-elected in 2001 for a two-year term).

• Secretary/Treasurer, Political Communication Division, American Political Science Association (elected in 1999 for a two-year term).

• Program Committee Chair, Political Communication Division, 1999 American Political Science Association meeting.

• Organizing Committee Member, Panel on Communication in the 1992 Presidential Campaign, Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association, Washington, D.C., May 1993.

• Chair, Search Committee for Secretary of the Political Communication Division, International Communication Association, June -ˇ August 1993.

• Member, Working Group on 'the Media and U.S. Foreign Policy," Social Science Research Council, 1990-1993.

ORGANIZED OR INVITED SYMPOSIA (partial list)

• Advisory Panel of Three, Roundtable Discussion on Technology and the Future of United States Foreign Assistance, United Department of State, Washington, DC, May 13, 2019.

• Panelist, “Media and Atrocity Book Launch,” National Press Club, Washington, DC. May 16, 2019.

• Steven Livingston, “Chess, Go, and AI: When Computers Outwit Humans.” Towards Life 3.0: Ethics and Technology in the 21st Century, Harvard Kennedy School, April 8, 2019.

• Participant, Accountable, Responsive, Inclusive, and Democratic Platforms: A Public Interest Dialogue, NetGan, Washington, DC, April 10, 2019. NetGan is a consortium of foundations.

• Panel organizer and presenter, eMerge Americas, Miami, FL, April 29-30, 2019.

• Lecture Series, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard Kennedy School, Spring 2019. These university lectures are open to students and faculty from across the Harvard campus.

▪ February 13: Technology and Opensource Investigations 12:00pm – 1:15pm ▪ March 6: Disinformation 12:00pm – 1:15pm ▪ April 17: Superintelligent AI and Rights 12:00pm – 1:15pm (with Mathias Risse)

• Deepfakes Workshop, cosponsored with the human rights group Witness and co-chaired with Sam Gregory. Computer-generated synthetic content – so called deepfakes – constitute a threat to the assumed soundness of visual evidence used to document news reporting and human rights violations. This workshop brought together computer scientists and other experts from universities and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). February 17, 2019.

• Participant, Knight Media Forum, Miami, FL. February 26-27, 2019.

• Panelist, Technology and Disability Rights Workshop, German Marshall Fund, February 22, 2019.

• Organized (with Babak Bahador) Contentious Narratives: Digital Technology and the Attack on Liberal Democratic Norms, Washington, DC, April 3 7 4, 2018. Supported by the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard University, the World Bank; the School of Media and Public Affairs and the Elliott School of International Affairs. The conference brought together approximately 30 scholars and practitioners from across North America and Europe to discuss the implications of advanced digital technology, including AI, in disinformation campaigns concerning war crimes and conflicts.

• Harvard Human Rights Colloquium paper presentation, Disinformation Campaigns in Response to Documentation of War Crimes and Human Rights Abuse (with Gregory Asmolov). February

2, 2018. The Colloquium brings together faculty and staff associated with the five human rights- related programs and initiatives at Harvard.

• Carr Center for Human Rights sponsored public talk at the Harvard Kennedy School, February 5, 2018. This was a forum open to all Harvard students, faculty, and staff. About 100 persons were in attendance.

• Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond,” Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, December 1 - 3, 2017.

• “Digital Fact-Finding Beyond Borders: Transnational Advocacy in the 21st Century,” Centre for Governance & Human Rights, POLIS, Cambridge University, May 23, 2017.

• “Information & Communication Technology and Human Rights Documentation,” St. Gallen University, St. Gallen, Switzerland, March 29, 2017.

• “Information & Communication Technology in Areas of Limited Statehood,” St. Gallen University, St. Gallen, Switzerland, March 29, 2017.

• Organizer & Co-chair with Shuma Raman, “Human Rights & Technology in the 21st Century,” Conference Report, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University. November 3 & 4, 2016. https://carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/cchr/files/technologyandhumanrights.pdf

• Discussant, “The Strategic Consequences for the U.S. Use of Torture, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, October 7 & *, 2016. http://www.westpoint.edu/crol/SiteAssets/SitePages/Programs/Strategic%20Consequences%20of %20Torture.pdf

• Presentation, “Use of Digital Technology by Human Rights Organizations,” Westfalische Wilhelms- Universität, Munster, Germany, November 16, 2015.

• Presentation, “Use of Digital Technology by Human Rights Organizations,” Freie Universität, Berlin, November 25, 2015.

• Presentation, “Use of Digital Technology by Human Rights Organizations,” Der Sonderforschungsbereich 700: Governance in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit), Die Freie Universität Berlin, November 25, 2015.

• Presentation, “Digital Technology and Transnational Advocacy,” Politics Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, August 11, 2015.

• Presentation, “Transnational Advocacy and Digital Technologies,” University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, August 31, 2015.

• Presentation, “Transnational Advocacy and Digital Technologies,” Department of Government and International Relations, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, August 30, 2015.

• Presentation, “Technology and Transnational Advocacy,” University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia, August 13, 2015.

• Participant, “Breaking Digital NGO Debate,” The Maxwell School of Syracuse University and hosted by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC. April 2, 2015.

• Fellows Mentor, Bellagio/PopTech Fellows Program, Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center, Bellagio, Italy, August 2014.

• Participant, World Development Report 2016 Berlin, Germany meetin. Internet and Development and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, June 9 – 10, 2014.

• Keynote Address, "Beyond the Ivory Tower: Communication Science in Practice," University of Amsterdam, June 12, 2014.

• Working Group on Media and Governance, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, December 4, 2009. Joined Leonard “Len” Downie, Jr. was the Executive Editor of the Washington Post, Roderick P. Hart is Dean of the School of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin; Tom Rosenstiel is the Director of Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism.

• Steven Livingston, “New Media in a New International System: How Technology Transforms the Role of ‘Publics’ in War,” Keynote Address at the Danish Institute for Military Studies, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 29, 2007. http://www.difms.dk/files/upload/Livingston_Copenhagen_speech.pdf

• Global Media between Dialogue & War: When Enemies Boost the Ratings, International Conference, Doha – Qatar, Weill Cornell Lecture Hall, February 26, 2008.

• New Media and War, US Marine Corps Command and Staff College, March 6, 2008, Quantico, VA

• Worldwide Public Affairs Symposium, Army Public Affairs, April 1, 2008, Tyson’s Corner, Virginia.

• President’s Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, U.S. Department of State, February 21, 2008. I organized presentations to the Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, an advisory body nominated by the President and confirmed by the US Senate.

• “Truth and the Iraq War,” The Paley Center, November 27, 2007, New York, New York. I joined former CBS anchor Dan Rather and New York Times columnist Frank Rich, and ABC Producer Tom Yellin for a discussion of the war in Iraq.

• “The Marshall Plan and 21st Century Diplomacy,” U.S. Department of State, November 2, 2007. Speaker at event commemorating anniversary of the Marshall Plan. U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC.

• “The Role of the News Media in Governance Reform,” Harvard University-World Bank Workshop, Shorenstein Center for Press, Politics and Public Policy, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, May 29 – 31, 2008. Participant.

• Keynote Speaker at Marine Corps Command and Staff College, Quantico, VA. Spoke to 200 Marines and a smaller number of officers from other U.S. Armed Services about advanced information technology, May 29, 2007.

• Presenter to Media Working Group, Center of Innovation, Media and Conflict, U.S. Institute of Peace, United States Institute of Peace, May 4, 2007.

• Presentation on Remote-Sensing Satellites and the news media at the National Defense University, "International Perspectives on Space-power Theory," a study group commissioned by the Office of the Secretary of Defense. December 4-5, 2006.

• The National Bureau of Asian Research, Securing the Future – A Strategic Form, Washington, DC, April 5, 2006. This invitation-only symposium included former defense secretary William Perry, Ashton Carter of Harvard and Zbigniew Brzezinski.

• Presentation to US Department of State Task Force on Internet Freedom, US Department of State, Washington, DC, March 24, 2006. One of four experts called to discuss the creation of a diplomatic initiative to promote Internet freedom in Asia.

• “Public Diplomacy: Key Challenges & Priorities,” chaired panel: “Looking to the Future” and offer closing remarks. Wilton Park, West Sussex, United Kingdom, March 10-12, 2005.

• “We Hold These Truths?: How New Technology is Changing Foreign Affairs Reporting,” symposium and book project sponsored by the Manship School at Louisiana State University and the LSU Press. November 11, 2005.

• State Department sponsored talks in Helsinki and Tampre, Finland, September 27 – October 2, 2004. In several public lectures and newspaper and television interviews, I commented on the US presidential elections.

• “Media’s Impact on International Affairs,” Frank Church Symposium on International Affairs, Idaho State University, March 3-5, 2004.

• “The Technology Revolution: Implications for Diplomacy,” eDiplomacy, a US Department of State conference on diplomacy and advanced information technology, March 10, 2004.

• “International Media Coverage of Rwanda,” presented at a conference organized by Carleton University in Ottawa and sponsored by the Canadian Foreign Ministry. March 12-14, 2004.

• “The Suffering of Strangers: Global Humanitarian Intervention in a Turbulent World.” A debate with Los Angeles Times reporter Ann Maria Simmons regarding the role of media in humanitarian crises. The symposium is organized by the international affairs program at Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon. April 6, 2004.

• “Tools of The New Media” The keynote speaker at the Lebanese National University, Faculty of Information and Documentation, May 17, 2002. Beirut, Lebanon.

• “Journalism and New Information and Communication Technology,” Lebanese American University, Institute for Professional Journalists, May 18, 2002, Beirut, Lebanon.

• “The New Eyes of Journalism: Commercial Remote Sensing Satellites,” paper co-authored with Lucas Robinson, Media, War and Terrorism, Mount Scopus Campus, The Hebrew University, May 20, 2002, Jerusalem.

• Lecture to faculty and students of the Faculty of Mass Communications, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, May 23, 2002.

• “Covering Crises: Journalism Access and Use of New Technologies,” Ambassador Milton Wolf Seminar on Media and Diplomacy, Dipolmatische Akademie, Vienna, Austria, October 14 – 17, 2002.

• “CNN Effect: Evaluating the Influence of the Media on Foreign Policy Decisions,” Ambassador Milton Wolf Seminar on Media and Diplomacy, Dipolmatische Akademie, Vienna, Austria, October 14 – 17, 2002.

• “Crisis and the Press: Balancing Civil Liberty, Press Freedom, and Security,” Commission on Radio and Television Policy: Central, East and Southeastern Europe, Vienna, Austria, October 18 –19, 2002.

• “Live-event News: Is Technology Altering the Construction of News?,” Presentation of research findings of a project with W. Lance Bennett. Communications, Technology, and the International System in the Twenty-first Century, CISS Millenium Series Workshop, November 9-10, 2002, Heidelberg, Germany.

• State Department Sponsored Lectures and Briefings in Israel, May 13 and May 17, 2001.

• Briefing at the Naval War College: “New Information Technology and Operations Other Than War,” Strategic Studies Group on Information Other Than War, November 20, 2001, Newport, RI.

• Panelists at the Carnegie Endowment: “Winning Hearts and Minds: Propaganda and Public Diplomacy in the Information Age,” The Project on the Information Revolution and World Politics, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,” November 27, 2001.

• Panelists at the Brookings Institution: “The CNN Effect: How 24-Hour News Coverage Affects Government Decisions and Public Opinion,” a Brookings/Harvard Forum: Press Coverage and the War on Terrorism, January 23, 2002. The other panelists were former Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger and CNN anchor Judy Woodruff.

• Panelist at a Duke University Conference: “Crisis and the Press: Balancing Civil Liberty, Press Freedom, and Security,” sponsored by the Commission on Radio and Television Policy, DeWitt Wallace Center for Communications and Journalism, Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University, March 19-20, 2002.

• Presented a paper entitled “US and European Public Opinion and NATO’s Kosovo Bombing Campaign,” at the 17th Colloquium on Communication and Culture, European Institute for Communication and Culture, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences. The conference was sponsored by the Republic of Slovenia, Ministry of Science and Technology, Piran, Slovenia, October 12-15, 2000.

• United States Institute of Peace symposium “Partners or Partisans?: NATO and the Media in Kosovo.” Washington, D.C. April 4, 2000.

• Presenter and book chapter contributor, “Kosovo and the International Community: Selective Indignation, Collective Intervention, and the Changing Contours of World Politics,” a project funded by a grant from the United Nations University. Conference in Budapest, Hungary, September 19-21, 1999.

• Speaker, “No More Secrets?: Policy Implications of Commercial Remote Sensing Satellites,” Transparency and Civil Society, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 26, 1999.

• Moderator, “Allies or Adversaries?: The Role of Press Spokespersons and Media During Peace Negotiations,” United States Institute of Peace, Washington, D.C., May 13, 1999.

• Speaker and Panelist, “Space and International Relations: Challenges for the Twenty-First Century,” Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., March 25, 1999.

• Participant, “The Implications of Commercial Satellite Imagery for Arms Control,” February 4 & 5, 1999, an Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Conference prepared by the Center for Global Security and Cooperation of Science Applications International Corporation, Contract # AC 961C1001, Task Order 98-12.

• Panel Chair and Speaker, “Commercial Observation Satellites and International Security; Trends, Applications, and U.S. Policy Issues,” Space Policy Institute, GWU, Washington, D.C., May 7 & 8, 1998.

• Speaker, “Secrets No More: The Security Implications of Global Transparency,” Space Policy Institute and the National Air and Space Museum, May 21 & 22, 1998.

• Speaker, “The Impact of the Global Information Revolution on International Relations: A Revolution in Culture?,” Wilton Park Conference, Wiston House, West Sussex, United Kingdom, September 14-18, 1998.

• Speaker, "Impact of Humanitarian Assistance and the Mass Media on the Evolution of Conflict Situations," International Institute of Humanitarian Law, San Remo, Italy, September 3, 1997.

• Conference Moderator, "Media-Military Relationship: Preparing for the Next Century," The Cantigny Foundation Conference Series, Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation, August 2022, 1997, Wheaton, Illinois.

• Speaker, "The CNN Effect," Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society, Ft. Meyer’s Officer’s Club, Washington, D.C., May 1, 1997.

• Speaker, Symposium on Humanitarian Reporting. Sponsored by the International Center for Humanitarian Reporting, Geneva, Switzerland. Symposium held in Boston, MA., April 6 & 7, 1997.

• Delivered paper, "Synergy in Early Warning." Sponsored by the Prevention/Early Warning Unit of the Centre for Refugee Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada, March 15 - 18, 1997.

• Speaker and Panelist, "White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security International Conference on Aviation Safety and Security in the 21st Century." Sponsored by the White House. Washington, D.C., January 13 - 15, 1997.

• Delivered Paper, "Humanitarian Action and the News Media. Sponsored by the Humanitarianism and War Project. Thomas J. Watson institute for International Studies, Brown University, at the National War College, Ft. McNair, October 1996.

• Speaker, “The National Strategy Forum Conference on Media and the Military,” Cantigny Foundation, Wheaton, August l995.

• Delivered Paper, "Sustaining Media Attention: a Comparison of the Cases of Somalia and the Sudan,” World Peace Foundation Conference on Humanitarian Crisis, Policy Making, and the Media, Cambridge, Massachusetts, December 1994.

• Delivered Paper, "Ethics and Broadcast News," Conference on the Broadcast Media and Multi- Party Democracy, African Council for Communication Education (a Pan-Africa Academic Organization), Nairobi, Kenya, May 1994.

• Participant, National Foreign Policy Conference for Teachers in Higher Education, United States Department of State, Washington, D.C., April 1994.

• Speaker, "Post-Cold War International News and Public Opinion in the United States," Presentation to the faculty and students of the Department of Political Science, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Moscow, Russia, October 1992.

• In addition to the engagements noted above, I have lectured on multiple occasions at the National Defense University, National War College, Army War College, the Naval War College, and the Foreign Service Institute.