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Download Alfonsina Storni Datos Bio, Peso Ancestral Y Preguntas..Pdf Alfonsina Storni _,,,.-)j'./�.�� '�� ...,,,, � --- ( 1892-1938) Datos biograficos Aunque Alfonsina Storni nac10 en Suiza el 29 de mayo de 1892, cuatro afios mas tarde su familia volvi6 a Argentina. Como sus padres tenian grandes dificultades econ6micas, Storni tuvo que trabajar de adolescence para ayudar a la familia. Consigui6 su primer puesto de maestra en una escuela elemental en Rosario y, despues de una relaci6n amorosa con un hombre casado, se fue a Buenos Aires en 191 I.Allf naci6, el afio siguiente, su hijo Alejandro, a quien Storni cuidaria sola. Su primer libro apareci6 en 1916, pero en esa epoca la poeta tenia problemas econ6micos. Amado Nervo, el gran poeta mexicano, public6 algunos de los poemas de Storni en la revista Mundo Argentino, lo que represent6 un reconocimiento importance para ella. En I 920, su Ii bro Languidez gan6 el Primer Premio Municipal de Poesfa y el Segundo Premio Nacional de Literatura. Storni intervino en la creaci6n de la Sociedad Argentina de Escritores y en dos viajes a Espana, uno durance 1928 y el otro en 1931, conoci6 a otras escritoras. Despues de ocupar varios puestos de profesora, obtuvo dos catedras en 1923 y 1926, una de "Lectura y declamaci6n" y otra en el conservatorio de Musica y Declamaci6n, que dictarfa hasta su muerte. Asisti6 a una conferencia en Montevideo en 1938 con Gabriela Mistral y Juana de lbarbourou, dos poetas suramericanas muy conocidas. Fue operada de un cancer de seno en 1935, que reapareci6 tres afios mas tarde. La poeta se suicide en el Mar del Plata el 25 de octubre de 1938, un afio despues del suicidio de su gran amigo Horacio Quiroga. La poesia de Storni La trayectoria poetica de Storni se divide en dos etapas, una temprana con poemas publicados entre 1916 y _1925; dentro de estos El du lee dano (1918), lrremediab/emente ( I 919) ( de los cuales se extraen los poemas a continuaci6n), y Languidez (1920) contienen sus poemas mas fuertes. En esta epoca, su estilo es generalmente de un lirismo subjetivo con rasgos del romanticismo y modernismo, y habla del amor y de sus fracasos. Algunos de sus temas son la deshumanizaci6n del mundo moderno, la fatalidad y la injusticia social, pero su tema principal es la guerra entre los sexes. Storni articula de manera muy elegance la situaci6n de la mujer .victima de la opresi6n general del hombre. Lucho coda su vida contra la desigualdad de derechos entre el hombre y la mujer, y expres6 su dolor contra el hombre hispanico que quiere que la mujer sea pura, y contra el encarcelamiento de la mujer: "Hombre pequefiito,hombre pequefiito, / suelta a tu canario, que quiere volar." Pero en un ensayo humorfstico y autobiografico que escribi6 poco tiempo antes de su muerte, Storni rechaz6 su primer libro La inquietud def rosa/, que caracteriza como "sencillamente abominable; cursi, mal medido a veces". Demostr6 mas caridad hacia lrremediablemente: "Los versos son como los panes que se sacan de un horno arrebatado. De vez en cuando se salva un panecillo que no esta ni crudo ni quemado". En estos poemas se destaca sobre todo el temor al amor desde el punto de vista de la mujer. En el mismo trabaio autobiografico, Storni admite que Ocre, su quinto volumen de poesias, "es ya un poco mejor; alga cerebral, pero se advierte que quien lo hizo gobernaba con alguna propiedad su instrumento". Publicado en 1925, Ocre funciona coma punto de transici6n a la segunda etapa poetica, marcada por la introspecci6n, no solamente sabre sus propias emociones personales, sine sabre la condici6n humana, tanto del hombre como de la mujer. Ya no muestra una hostilidad tan aguda contra el hombre. En esta epoca Storni empez6 a escribir teatro y, al volver·a la poesfa en 1934 con Mundo de siete pozos y el ultimo volumen p6stumo, Mascari/la y trebol, muestra una nueva libertad, rompiendo con la rima y la versificaci6n tradicionales.Algunos de las poemas, "antisonetos", muestran mas tension e intensidad. Es aquf principalmente donde Storni se aparta de ser etiquetada come una poeta femenina para reclamar su posici6n coma poeta mas universal. Peso ancestral Tu me dijiste: no llor6 mi padre; tu me dijiste: no llor6 mi abuelo; no han llorado los hombres de mi raza, eran de acero. Asf diciendo te brot6 una lagrima y me cay6 en la boca; mas veneno yo no he bebido nunca en otro vaso as1, pequeno.~ Debil mujer, pobre mujer que entiende, dolor de siglos conocf al beberlo. Oh, el alma mfa soportar no puede todo su peso. 3. El poema contiene un discurso machista en la primera estrofa y otro sobre la mujer "Peso ancestral" en la tercera. Compara los dos. ' ? Nota: recuerda que el ultimo verso es mas corto y se llama "pie quebrado". ' • Al fin, c'.quien tiene que sufrir el desahogo de la persona que llora ■□■ J • c:Que indica que ese peso es "ancestral"? j 4. Explica el efecto poetico de lo siguiente: ·-1 La literatura y la vida 'A .1itj • la oposici6n binaria de pesos 1. <'.Crees que tos hombres que lloran son menos masculines? <'.Por que? >-ij • la lagrima y el acero ' . � " . - . ,;;� 2. iQuien, segun tu opinion, es mas sensitive: el hombre o la mujer? iPor que? ;� • la transformaci6n del signo de lagrima en veneno • la metafora de la boca como vaso pequeii.o. "Peso ancestral" 5. Cementa sobre los efectos poeticos de las siguientes figuras: La anafora con la cual Tu me.dijiste: no llor6 mi padre; Debil mujer, pobre que entiende, empieza el poema. tu me dijiste: no llor6 mi abuelo; dolor de siglos conoci al beberlo. • Los hiperbatos de la segunda y tercera estrofas. no han llorado los hombres de mi raza, Oh, el alma mfa soportar no puede • La aliteraci6n de! primer verso de la tercera estrofa (ten en cuenta que los sonidos eran de acero. todo su peso. /bl, Ip/ y /ml son todos bilabiales). Asi diciendo te brot6 una lagrirna 5 y me cay6 en la boca ... ; mas veneno Cultura, conexiones y comparaciones yo no he bebido nunca en otro vaso asi pequeno. 1. Storni pertenece a la segunda generaci6n de modernistas, cuya poesia sigue el for­ malismo de! movimiento, pero incorpora una nueva tematica mas humana y de Comprension compromiso social. Explica c6mo este poema es formal y humane a la vez. 1. Segun el yo lirico, ique no hacen los hombres? 2. Aunque Storni dice que los hombres hispanos no lloran, el concepto machista en la cultura hispanica no prohibe del todo la muestra de sentimientos del hombre. 2. iQue siente al probar la lagrima? Hay muchos boleros, rancheras y tangos, por ejemplo, que pintan al hombre su­ 3. <'.Que pena expresa eri. la ultima estrofa? friendo y llorando. En la epopeya de El Cid, del siglo XII, una de las primeras obras compuestas en castellano, vemos al gran heroe llorar cuando tiene que separarse de lnterpretacion su mujer e hijas (ver Capztulo IV). <'.Como se puede explicar la discrepancia entre el estereotipo y la realidad? 1. iCuantas silabas hay en los versos largos del poema? iC6mo se denomina es_ 3. En grupos haz una lista de otros ejemplos que recuerdas de la literatura hispanica_ de verso? donde las mujeres sufren y las causas de su sufrimiento. Diccionario termi • lCuintas silabas hay en los versos cortos? Busca en el de 4. Para comentar e� grupo: <'.Crees que hay una diferencia entre el comportamiento rarios lo que significa''pie quebrado". del hombre en cuanto a la expresi6n de sus sentimientos en la cultura hispanica en • Hay un esquema de rima en los versos pares·. <'.Cual es? comparaci6n a la cultura anglosajona? <'. Y el dolor y sufrimiento que sienten las ? mujeres? <'.Crees que las obligaciones familiares son iguales en ambas culturas 2. El destinatario del poema (el "tu" a quien se dirige el yo lirico), <'.eshombre;! Explica. jer? Ojo:la respuesta a esta pregunta no es fija.El poema es muy impresi9: el sentido de que no es explicito en cuanto al "tu" ni al "peso ancestral''.} 5. El suicidio de Alfonsina Storni es el tema de una canci6n muy popular, "Alfonsina esto ocur.re,el lector no tiene mas remedio que intuir. , y el mar", que foe interpretada por una de las grandes cantantes de la Nueva can­ ci6n latinoamericana, la argentina Mercedes Sosa (1935-2009) Busca la letra por Internet y leela. <'.Que podrian ser los "dolores viejos (que) call6 tu voz"? Ahora, si quieres, escucha a Mercedes Sosa cantar la canci6n por YouTube. PESO ANCESTRAL Vocabulario por versos 4. acero, el: steel 5. brotar: to flow, to sprout 6. veneno, el: venom, poison Sugerencias para el amilisis del poema "Peso ancestral" I. En la primera estrofa, iquien habla? iA quien? Explica la funci6n de la repetici6n de las formas del verbo 1/orar. 2. Analiza el impacto del verso corto, "eran de acero". iCual es el valor simb61ico del acero? 3. iA quien le brot6 una lagrima, al hombre o a la mujer? iPor que le parece venenosa a la poeta? La metafora del vaso "asf pequerio", ia que aspecto de la vida del hombre se refiere? 4. La "debil mujer" de la tercera estrofa, ies la madre de la poeta? iRepresenta a las generaciones de mujeres que estoicamente han sufrido esa opresi6n y ese destine? iPor que dice que conoci6 el "dolor de siglos" al beber la lagrima? 5. Al enunciar el poema, ilogra la poeta quitarse algo del "peso ancestral"? iSe puede decir que su arte es una experiencia catartica? Temas de discusi6n y ensayos para ambos poemas I. Los dos poemas de Storni toman la forma de un ap6strofe de la poeta a un hombre a quien se habla de "tu".
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