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The Unknown Neighbour: the Jew in the Thought of Isidore of Seville

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The Unknown Neighbour: the Jew in the Thought of Isidore of Seville THE UNKNOWN NEIGHBOUR THE MEDIEVAL MEDITERRANEAN PEOPLES, ECONOMIES AND CULTURES, 400-1500 EDITORS Hugh Kennedy (St. Andrews) Paul Magdalino (St. Andrews) David Abulafia (Cambridge) Benjamin Arbel (Tel Aviv) Mark Meyerson (Toronto) Larry J. Simon (Western Michigan University) VOLUME 59 THE UNKNOWN NEIGHBOUR The Jew in the Thought of Isidore of Seville by Wolfram Drews BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2006 On the cover: Peter receiving the law of the New Testament (indicated by the combined letters Chi and Rho on the scroll, supplemented by Alpha and Omega), and Abraham being prevented by God from sacrificing his son Isaac. From the sacrophagus of Leucadius (Tarragona, Museo Paleocristiano), fifth century. © Sebastian Ristow Despite our efforts we have not been able to trace all rights holders to some copyrighted material. The publisher welcomes communications from copyrights holders, so that the appropriate acknowledglements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drews, Wolfram. [ Juden und Judentum bei Isidor von Sevilla. English] The unknown neighbour : the Jew in the thought of Isidore of Seville / by Wolfram Drews. p. cm. — (The medieval Mediterranean, ISSN 0928-5520 ; v. 59) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-14964-3 (alk. paper) 1. Isidore, of Seville, Saint, d. 636. De fide Catholica contra Iudaeos. 2. Christianity and other religions—Judaism. 3. Judaism—Relations—Christianity. I. Title. II. Series. BR65.I73D443313 2006 239’.2—dc22 2005058136 ISSN 0928–5520 ISBN 90 04 14964 3 © Copyright 2006 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS ListofAbbreviations................................................... vii Preface ................................................................. xi Introduction............................................................ 1 Chapter 1. The problem: Parameters of identity in Visigothic Spain ................................................................ 7 Chapter 2. Isidore of Seville’s de fide catholica contra Iudaeos ........... 33 2.1. Structure........................................................... 33 2.2.Argument.......................................................... 47 2.2.1.Sources ...................................................... 47 2.2.1.1.Thebiblicaltext..................................... 47 2.2.1.2.Churchfathers ...................................... 64 2.2.2.Method...................................................... 70 2.3.Theology .......................................................... 82 2.3.1. Fides .......................................................... 82 2.3.2.Sacraments.................................................. 89 2.3.3.Conversion.................................................. 91 2.4. The addressees of Isidore’s anti-Jewish treatise .................. 111 Chapter 3. Isidore’s attitude towards Judaism ........................ 137 3.1. A stereotypicalimage............................................. 137 3.2.TherelationshipbetweenJewsandgentiles ..................... 145 3.3. The present position of the Jews in the economy of salvation .. 148 3.4.Eschatology........................................................ 158 3.5 . Ecclesiology ....................................................... 160 3.6. The theological position of Jews and Judaism in Isidore’s entirecorpus ...................................................... 175 3.7. Isidore’spositioncomparedtootherpatristicauthors .......... 193 Chapter 4. Isidore’spositiononcontemporaryJewishpolicies...... 201 4.1. Forced baptism and its consequences ............................ 201 4.2.Theroleofforceandfreewillinconversion..................... 233 vi contents 4.3.“TheJew”asanoutsider:theCatholicnation .................. 252 4.4. Anti-Judaism as cultural and political “capital” ................. 292 Chapter 5. Conclusion ................................................ 307 5.1. De fide catholica within the context of Isidore’s theological argument .......................................................... 307 5.2. ThereceptionofIsidore’santi-Jewishtreatise ................... 313 5.3. Catholicfaith,Jews,andSpanishidentity ....................... 317 Bibliography ........................................................... 323 Sources.............................................................. 323 Secondary literature ................................................ 326 Index................................................................... 373 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AEM Anuario de Estudios Medievales, Barcelona 1964ff. AHC Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum. Internationale Zeit- schrift für Konzilienforschung, Amsterdam 1969ff. AHDE Anuario de la Historia del Derecho Español, Madrid 1924ff. AHI Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia, Pamplona 1992ff. AHR American Historical Review, Washington DC 1895ff. AKG Archiv für Kulturgeschichte, Berlin/Cologne/Graz 1903ff. AL Archivos Leoneses. Estudios y Documentación de los Reinos Hispano-Occidentales, León 1947ff. ALMA Auteurs Latins du Moyen Âge ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt. Geschich- te und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der Neueren Forschung, Berlin/New York 1972ff. AST Analecta Sacra Tarraconensia, Barcelona 1925ff. CCL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, Turnhout 1953ff. CCCM Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Mediaevalis, Turn- hout 1966ff. CD La Ciudad de Dios, Madrid 1881ff. CHE Cuadernos de Historia de España, Buenos Aires 1944ff. CIC Corpus iuris canonici (ed. Emil Albert Friedberg, Leipzig 1879) CIJ Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum. Recueil des inscrip- tions juives qui vont du IIIe siècle avant Jésus-Christ au VIIe siècle de notre ère, I: Europe, ed. Jean-Baptiste Frey, Rome 1936,repr.1952ff. CJ Codex Justinianus (ed. Paul Krüger, Berlin 1877) CQR The Church Quarterly Review, London 1875ff. CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. Acade- miae Vindobonensis, Vienna 1866ff. CTh Codex Theodosianus (ed. Theodor Mommsen/Paul M. Meyer, Berlin 1905) viii list of abbreviations DA Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters, Marburg/Cologne 1951ff. DACL Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne et de Liturgie, Paris 1907–1953 DThC Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique, Paris 1903– 1950 EE Estudios Eclesiásticos. Revista de Teología, Madrid 1922ff. EJ Encyclopaedia Judaica, Jerusalem 1971–1972 EME Early Medieval Europe, London 1992ff. FMSt Frühmittelalterliche Studien, Berlin 1967ff. GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte, herausgegeben von der Kirchenväter- Commission der (Königlich-)Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin (Leipzig) 1897ff. HAW Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft, Nördlingen/Mu- nich 1885ff. HJb Historisches Jahrbuch der Görres-Gesellschaft, Münster/ Munich/Freiburg 1880ff. HRG Handwörterbuch zur deutschen Rechtsgeschichte, Berlin 1964ff. HThR The Harvard Theological Review, Cambridge/Mass. 1908ff. HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual, Cincinnati 1924ff. HZ Historische Zeitschrift, Munich 1859ff. JbAC Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum, Münster 1958ff. JBL Journal of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 1881ff. JJS Journal of Jewish Studies, London 1948ff. JMH Journal of Medieval History, Amsterdam 1975ff. JQR The Jewish Quarterly Review, Philadelphia (London) 1888ff. JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenis- tic, and Roman Periods, Leiden 1970ff. JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Sheffield 1978ff. JThS The Journal of Theological Studies, London 1899ff. LdMA Lexikon des Mittelalters, Munich/Zurich 1980–1999 LV Leges Visigothorum, ed. Karl Zeumer (MGH, Leges, I: Leges Nationum Germanicarum, 1), Hannover/Leipzig 1902 list of abbreviations ix LRV Lex Romana Visigothorum (ed. Gustav Friedrich Haenel, Leipzig 1849) LThK Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, Freiburg 1930–1938, 21957–1966 MAH Mélanges d’Archéologie et d’Histoire de l’École Françai- se de Rome, Paris 1881ff. MGH, AA Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, Auctores Antiquissimi MGH, LL Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Leges (Fontes Iuris Germanici Antiqui) MGH, SRM Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum MIÖG Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichts- forschung, Munich 1880ff., Innsbruck 1948ff. Misc. Wisig. Miscellanea Wisigothica, ed. Ioannes Gil (Anales de la Universidad Hispalense. Filosofía y Letras, 15), Seville 1972 NTSt New Testament Studies, London 1954ff. OECT Oxford Early Christian Texts PG Jacques-Paul Migne (ed.), Patrologiae cursus comple- tus, series Graeca, Paris 1857–1866, repr. Turnhout 1959ff. PL Jacques-Paul Migne (ed.), Patrologiae cursus completus, series Latina, Paris 1844–1855, repr. Paris 1878–1890, Turnhout 1959ff. RAC Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum, Stuttgart 1950ff. RB Revue Biblique, Paris 1892ff. RBén Revue Bénédictine, Denée (Abbaye de Maredsous) 1884ff.
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