DOCSLIB.ORG

Spruce Grouse (Falcipennis Canadensis) Damon Mccormick & Status: Special Concern (MNFI) R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spruce Grouse (Falcipennis Canadensis) Damon Mccormick & Status: Special Concern (MNFI) R Spruce Grouse (Falcipennis canadensis) Damon McCormick & Status: Special Concern (MNFI) R. Gregory Corace III © Andy Johnson (Click to view a comparison of Atlas I to II) In his seminal work, Robinson (1980) referred United States within the northern Rocky Mountains, New England, and Upper Great to the Spruce Grouse as the “Fool Hen”, a Lakes (Boag and Schroeder 1992). As a species pejorative deriving from the species’ frequently closely associated with coniferous forests, its indifferent reaction to human approach. Across pre-settlement range and density within Michigan, however, such close encounters are Michigan was likely impacted by the comparatively uncommon. Breeding within widespread UP and NLP logging of the 19th coniferous forest ecosystems primarily within Century, with episodic establishment of the UP, the Spruce Grouse is behaviorally and appropriate habitat thereafter (Robinson 1991). audibly less conspicuous than the slightly larger The assessment of Barrows (1912), which Ruffed Grouse and ecologically distinct from reported a stable eastern UP population the Ruffed Grouse and the Sharp-tailed Grouse bordered by declines in the central UP and NLP, along a habitat continuum of closed-canopy roughly presaged the modern-day statewide coniferous forests to open lands. Similar to the distribution of breeding Spruce Grouse as female Ruffed Grouse, female Spruce Grouse determined by Atlas surveying. have drab plumage characteristics that provide excellent camouflage against a backdrop of dry Although the species is associated with a variety conifer needles; they are distinguished from of short-needled conifers across its entire North their Ruffed Grouse counterparts by a pale American range, extensive study by Robinson terminal band in their rectrices and by the lack (1969, 1980) suggested that a preferred UP of a raised crown when alarmed. Male Spruce habitat is stands of jack pine mixed with black Grouse are more dramatically feathered, with spruce and interspersed by small openings of black-and-white dorsal and ventral barring, a blueberries trailing arbutus, and decaying pale rufous terminal band and, most arboreal material. However, Robinson’s work prominently, a scarlet superciliary comb (Boag primarily dealt with one study site (the Yellow and Schroeder 1992). Dog Plains of Marquette County), while others have frequently observed birds in a mosaic of Distribution boreal forest and more mature, mixed-pine The conterminous breeding range of the Spruce stands dominated by longer-lived red pine and Grouse extends across most of the Canadian and white pine within landscapes such as the Baraga Alaskan taiga, and dips into the contiguous © 2011 Kalamazoo Nature Center Spruce Grouse (Falcipennis canadensis) Damon McCormick & Status: Special Concern (MNFI) R. Gregory Corace III Plains (Baraga County), Seney NWR MBBA I. In the UP, the Spruce Grouse was (Schoolcraft County), Raco Plains and predominantly located in discrete township- Whitefish Point (both Chippewa County) level clusters stretching eastward from (McCormick and Corace pers. obs.). Although southeastern Houghton and northwestern Iron the Spruce Grouse is a year-round state resident, Counties to central Chippewa and eastern some birds undertake short migrations (<11 km) Mackinac Counties. Most of these MBBA II between their summer and winter ranges zones of UP occupancy did not overlap with (Robinson 1980, Schroeder 1985). MBBA I results. For example, among the 13 confirmed UP townships of MBBA II, only Breeding Biology three registered Spruce Grouse during the first The breeding Spruce Grouse is predominantly a Atlas, and only one in a confirmed capacity. terrestrial Tetraonid, favoring perambulation Although total statewide block- and township- over flight (Boag and Schroeder 1992). Its level records from MBBA I to MBBA II rose largely herbivorous diet consists primarily of 29% and 26%, respectively, breeding conifer needles, with a preference for pine over confirmations actually dropped 5% and 22% spruce (Crichton 1963, Pendergast and Boag during the two periods of sampling. To the 1970). Nests, which in Michigan are typically neighboring east and north, Atlas results from initiated in late May, are bowl-like depressions Ontario (Cadman et al. 1987, Szuba 2007) lined with needles or leaves, and are usually suggest a similar broad-scale pattern of overall located at the base of a conifer affording population stability amid substantial shifts in overhead cover (Redmond et al. 1982, Robinson township-level occupancy. Owing to 1991, Boag and Schroeder 1992). The female difficulties in species detection based upon its incubates a clutch of four to eight eggs for behavioral and vocal characteristics, a note of roughly three weeks (Boag and Schroeder caution should attend the interpretation of 1992). Her precocial, downy chicks are capable regional and statewide Spruce Grouse of short flight within one week, but generally population flux between MBBA I and MBBA remain in broods for two to three months before II. autumn dispersal (Robinson 1980, Schroader and Boag 1985). Although a wide variety of Conservation Needs mammalian predators may take Spruce Grouse The lack of specific or absolute geographic eggs, predation of adults or their young is convergence in NLP and UP breeding evidence primarily limited to Accipiter raptors, across Atlases may reflect the dynamic nature of particularly the Northern Goshawk (Robinson the conifer-dominated habitat of the Spruce 1980, Boag and Schroeder 1992). Grouse. Historically, these forest ecosystems were maintained by an intricate relationship Abundance and Population Trends between forests pests and associated diseases Echoing MBBA I results, MBBA II surveying and abiotic disturbances, mainly fire (Frehlich determined the Spruce Grouse to be absent from 2002). The frequency and impacts of these the SLP, highly localized in the NLP, and events differed, however, over time, space, and broadly, if irregularly, distributed across the forest type. At Seney NWR, for instance, mixed eastern, central, and western-central UP. In the pine-dominated habitats utilized by Spruce NLP, the species was documented in only four Grouse were maintained during pre-European contiguous townships within the jack pine- times by low-severity surface fire events dominated convergence of Crawford, Ogemaw approximately every 50 to 60 years (Drobyshev and Oscoda Counties; the six total block-level et al. 2008). In the modern era, fire suppression NLP records reflect a 63% decrease from and the impact of other land uses have altered © 2011 Kalamazoo Nature Center Spruce Grouse (Falcipennis canadensis) Damon McCormick & Status: Special Concern (MNFI) R. Gregory Corace III this regime, and the total area burned by each Crichton, V. 1963. Autumn and winter foods fire has decreased (Drobyshev et al. 2008). of Spruce Grouse in central Ontario. Conversely, areas dominated by spruce or jack Journal of Wildlife Management 27: 597. pine would historically expect fire frequencies Drobyshev, I., P.C. Goebel, D.M. Hix, R.G. that produced (rather than maintained) habitat Corace III, and M. Semko-Duncan. 2008. within this geographic range, as these fires were Interactions among forest composition, more likely stand-replacing canopy events structure, fuel loadings and fire history: a (Frehlich 2002). In recent times, the case study of red pine-dominated forests of management of jack pine and other conifer Seney National Wildlife Refuge. Forest species by even-aged silvicultural treatments Ecology and Management 256: 1723-1733. has become more comprehensively relevant for Frehlich, L.E. 2002. Forest stand dynamics Spruce Grouse conservation in Michigan. For and disturbance regimes. Cambridge example, if the maintenance of landscape-level University Press, Cambridge, UK. heterogeneity among coniferous forest types Monfils, M.J. 2007. Special animal abstract was more highly prioritized, the intensive, for Falcipennis canadensis (spruce grouse). broad-scale management of NLP and UP jack Michigan Natural Features Inventory, pine plantations for Kirtland’s Warbler could Lansing, MI. <http://web4.msue.msu.edu/ possibly benefit Spruce Grouse and many other mnfi/abstracts/zoology/Falcipennis_canaden bird species (Corace et al. 2010). Nonetheless, sis.pdf>. Accessed 6 January 2011. future conservation efforts on behalf of the Pendergast, B.A., and D.A. Boag. 1970. Spruce Grouse and its coniferous habitats Seasonal changes in the diet of Spruce should not neglect or trivialize the value of Grouse in central Alberta. Journal of natural disturbance forces and events. Wildlife Management 34: 605-611. Robinson, W.L. 1969. Habitat selection by spruce grouse in northern Michigan. Journal of Wildlife Management 33: 113- Literature Cited 120. Robinson, W.L. 1980. Fool Hen: the Spruce Barrows, W.B. 1912. Michigan Bird Life. Grouse on the Yellow Dog Plains. The Special Bulletin. Michigan Agricultural University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, College. Lansing, MI. WI. Boag, D.A., and M.A. Schroeder. 1992. Spruce Robinson, W.L. 1991. Spruce Grouse Grouse (Falcipennis canadensis). In The (Falcipennis canadensis). In Brewer, R., Birds of North America, No. 5. (A. Poole G.A. McPeek, and R.J. Adams Jr. (eds.). and F. Gill, eds.).The Birds of North The Atlas of Breeding Birds of Michigan. America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. Michigan State University Press, East Cadman, M.D., P.F.J. Eagles, and F.M. Lansing, MI. Helleiner. 1987. Atlas of the Breeding Schroeder, M.A. 1985. Behavioural differences
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nogth AMERICAN BIRDS
    CHECK-LIST OF NOgTH AMERICAN BIRDS The Speciesof Birds of North America from the Arctic through Panama, Including the West Indies and Hawaiian Islands PREPARED BY THE COMMITTEE ON CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION SEVENTH EDITION 1998 Zo61ogical nomenclature is a means, not an end, to Zo61ogical Science PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION 1998 Copyright 1998 by The American Ornithologists' Union All rights reserved, except that pages or sections may be quoted for research purposes. ISBN Number: 1-891276-00-X Preferred citation: American Ornithologists' Union. 1983. Check-list of North American Birds. 7th edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. Printed by Allen Press, Inc. Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A. CONTENTS DEDICATION ...................................................... viii PREFACE ......................................................... ix LIST OF SPECIES ................................................... xvii THE CHECK-LIST ................................................... 1 I. Tinamiformes ............................................. 1 1. Tinamidae: Tinamous .................................. 1 II. Gaviiformes .............................................. 3 1. Gaviidae: Loons ....................................... 3 III. Podicipediformes.......................................... 5 1. Podicipedidae:Grebes .................................. 5 IV. Procellariiformes .......................................... 9 1. Diomedeidae: Albatrosses .............................
    [Show full text]
  • Grouse of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, by Michael A. Schroeder
    WashingtonHistory.org GROUSE OF THE LEWIS & CLARK EXPEDITION By Michael A. Schroeder COLUMBIA The Magazine of Northwest History, Winter 2003-04: Vol. 17, No. 4 “The flesh of the cock of the Plains is dark, and only tolerable in point of flavour. I do not think it as good as either the Pheasant or Grouse." These words were spoken by Meriwether Lewis on March 2, 1806, at Fort Clatsop near present-day Astoria, Oregon. They were noteworthy not only for their detail but for the way they illustrate the process of acquiring new information. A careful reading of the journals of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (transcribed by Gary E. Moulton, 1986-2001, University of Nebraska Press) reveals that all of the species referred to in the first quote are grouse, two of which had never been described in print before. In 1803-06 Lewis and Clark led a monumental three-year expedition up the Missouri River and its tributaries to the Rocky Mountains, down the Columbia River and its tributaries to the Pacific Ocean, and back again. Although most of us are aware of adventurous aspects of the journey such as close encounters with indigenous peoples and periods of extreme hunger, the expedition was also characterized by an unprecedented effort to record as many aspects of natural history as possible. No group of animals illustrates this objective more than the grouse. The journals include numerous detailed summary descriptions of grouse and more than 80 actual observations, many with enough descriptive information to identify the species. What makes Lewis and Clark so unique in this regard is that other explorers of the age rarely recorded adequate details.
    [Show full text]
  • North American Game Birds Or Animals
    North American Game Birds & Game Animals LARGE GAME Bear: Black Bear, Brown Bear, Grizzly Bear, Polar Bear Goat: bezoar goat, ibex, mountain goat, Rocky Mountain goat Bison, Wood Bison Moose, including Shiras Moose Caribou: Barren Ground Caribou, Dolphin Caribou, Union Caribou, Muskox Woodland Caribou Pronghorn Mountain Lion Sheep: Barbary Sheep, Bighorn Deer: Axis Deer, Black-tailed Deer, Sheep, California Bighorn Sheep, Chital, Columbian Black-tailed Deer, Dall’s Sheep, Desert Bighorn Mule Deer, White-tailed Deer Sheep, Lanai Mouflon Sheep, Nelson Bighorn Sheep, Rocky Elk: Rocky Mountain Elk, Tule Elk Mountain Bighorn Sheep, Stone Sheep, Thinhorn Mountain Sheep Gemsbok SMALL GAME Armadillo Marmot, including Alaska marmot, groundhog, hoary marmot, Badger woodchuck Beaver Marten, including American marten and pine marten Bobcat Mink North American Civet Cat/Ring- tailed Cat, Spotted Skunk Mole Coyote Mouse Ferret, feral ferret Muskrat Fisher Nutria Fox: arctic fox, gray fox, red fox, swift Opossum fox Pig: feral swine, javelina, wild boar, Lynx wild hogs, wild pigs Pika Skunk, including Striped Skunk Porcupine and Spotted Skunk Prairie Dog: Black-tailed Prairie Squirrel: Abert’s Squirrel, Black Dogs, Gunnison’s Prairie Dogs, Squirrel, Columbian Ground White-tailed Prairie Dogs Squirrel, Gray Squirrel, Flying Squirrel, Fox Squirrel, Ground Rabbit & Hare: Arctic Hare, Black- Squirrel, Pine Squirrel, Red Squirrel, tailed Jackrabbit, Cottontail Rabbit, Richardson’s Ground Squirrel, Tree Belgian Hare, European
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Forests for Fish and Wildlife
    Wildlife Habitat Management Institute Managing Forests for Fish and Wildlife December 2002 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Management Leaflet Number 18 Forested areas can be managed with a wide variety of objectives, ranging from allowing natural processes to dictate long-term condition without active management of any kind, to maximizing production of wood products on the shortest rotations possible. The primary purpose of this document is to show how fish and wildlife habitat management can be effectively integrated into the management of forestlands that are subject to periodic timber harvest activities. For forestlands that are not managed for production of timber or other forest products, many of the principles U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station in this leaflet also apply. Introduction Succession of Forest Vegetation Forests in North America provide a wide variety of In order to meet both timber production and wildlife important natural resource functions. Although management goals, landowners and managers need commercial forests may be best known for production to understand how forest vegetation responds following of pulp, lumber, and other wood products, they also timber management, or silvicultural prescriptions, or supply valuable fish and wildlife habitat, recreational other disturbances. Forest vegetation typically opportunities, water quality protection, and other progresses from one plant community to another over natural resource benefits. In approximately two-thirds time. This forest succession can be described in four of the forest land (land that is at least 10% tree- stages: covered) in the United States, harvest of wood products plays an integral role in how these lands are managed. Sustainable forest management applies Fish and Wildlife Air and Water biological, economic, and social principles to forest Wood Products Habitat Quality regeneration, management, and conservation to meet the specific goals of landowners or managers.
    [Show full text]
  • Spruce Grouse Falcipennis Canadensis
    Appendix A: Birds Spruce Grouse Falcipennis canadensis Federal Listing N/A State Listing SC Global Rank G5 State Rank S3 Regional Status Very High Photo by Len Medlock Justification (Reason for Concern in NH) Although spruce grouse habitat in the East is naturally patchy, anthropogenic destruction of spruce‐fir habitat has further contributed to extreme isolation of spruce grouse populations (Keppie 1997). Additionally, spruce fir habitat types are the most likely to experience negative effects from climate change (NHFG, Climate Adaptation Plan 2013) as well as impacts from pest outbreaks such as spruce budworm and balsam woolly adelgid. Anecdotal evidence (limited chick and female sightings) suggests that spruce grouse are limited in New Hampshire. High market demand for spruce and fir has led to extensive cutting of mature softwood habitat at lower elevations. In New Hampshire, Weeks (quoted in Silver 1957) stated that spruce grouse were once common in New Hampshire at the time of settlement, but by 1880, they were seldom seen. Habitat loss, market hunting, and susceptibility of populations to harvest were thought to be the primary causes of decline (Silver 1957). Distribution Spruce grouse are distributed throughout boreal forests of North America. In the East, spruce grouse are at the southern extent of their range in northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan’s Lower Peninsula, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine (AOU 1983). Spruce grouse are listed in other states/provinces, including Vermont (endangered), New York (endangered), Nova Scotia (Uncommon), Minnesota (Uncommon), Wisconsin (Threatened), and Michigan (Uncommon) (Lumsden and Weeden 1963). In New Hampshire spruce grouse are found primarily within the White Mountain National Forests and isolated habitat fragments throughout Coos County and are a species of special concern.
    [Show full text]
  • Native & Naturalized Shoreland Plantings for New Hampshire
    Native Shoreland/Riparian Buffer Plantings for New Hampshire* * This list is referenced in Env-Wq 1400 Shoreland Protection as Appendix D Common Growth Light Soil Associated Birds and Mammals Latin Name Height Rooting Habitat Name(s) Rate Preference Preference (Cover, Nesting or Food) and Food Value Trees American Basswood Rich woods, valleys, Wildlife: Pileated woodpecker, wood duck, Medium-Large Full/Part Shade (American Linden) Tilia americana Moderate Deep Moist gentle slopes other birds; deer, rabbit, squirrel 60-100’ or Full Sun Food: Seeds, twigs Wildlife: Blue jay, chickadees, nuthatches, quail, ruffed grouse, tufted titmouse, wild Fagus Medium-Large Full/Part Shade Rich woods, turkey, wood duck, woodpeckers; bear, American Beech Slow Shallow Dry or Moist grandifolia 60-90’ or Full Sun well-drained lowlands chipmunk, deer, fox, porcupine, snowshoe hare, squirrel Food: Nuts, buds, sap Wildlife: Downy woodpecker, mockingbird, American purple finch, ring-necked pheasant, rose- Ostrya Small Full/Part Shade Hophornbeam Slow Shallow Dry or Moist Rich woods breasted grosbeak, ruffed grouse, wild turkey, virginiana 20-40’ or Full Sun wood quail; deer, rabbit, squirrel (Ironwood) Food: Nuts, buds, seeds Rich woods, forested Wildlife: Quail, ruffed grouse, wood duck; American Hornbeam Carpinus Small/Shrubby Full/Part Shade Dry, Moist, Flood (Blue Slow Moderate wetlands, ravines, beaver, deer, squirrel caroliniana 20-40’ or Full Sun Tolerant Beech/Musclewood) streambanks Food: Seeds, buds Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, catbird, American
    [Show full text]
  • Red Lake WMA Norris Camp Newsletter October 2020
    The Norris Camp News News from the Red Lake Wildlife Management Area Headquarters PO Box 100, 11536 Faunce-Butterfield Road SW, Roosevelt, MN 56673 Issue 42 October 2020 Big Falls and Roads & Trails Update at Norris Roads and trails are in good shape throughout Camp, with the area. Aside from about an inch of rain in the a technician past week, it’s been very dry. The Thompson stationed at Road, portions of which have been closed this fall each for construction, will be completely open by the location for end of this week – October 23. Conditions are two years. Volunteers with trained dogs and DNR great for the deer, trapping, and the last part of staff have helped in the capture effort which grouse season. And with the cold weather, have continued through this past summer using everything’s freezing up, including small ponds. hen and then chick distress calls. If you happen to harvest a radio marked or banded spruce grouse, Spruce Grouse Research please let us know. The spruce grouse survey work begun in 2014 One interesting note from the research was that resulted in a survey whereby a DNR staff person two grouse hens moved 6-8 miles from their or project volunteer walks transects in spruce winter range near Norris Camp to be in lowland grouse habitat during late winter and counts conifer habitat for the summer. They have spruce grouse pellets that have accumulated over recently returned to the jack pine. the winter. That survey will be continued annually throughout spruce grouse range in Browns Creek Campgrounds Minnesota and 2020 marked its third year.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
    Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York
    CHECKLIST OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS AND MAMMALS OF NEW YORK STATE Including Their Legal Status Eastern Milk Snake Moose Blue-spotted Salamander Common Loon New York State Artwork by Jean Gawalt Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Fish and Wildlife Page 1 of 30 February 2019 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Fish and Wildlife Wildlife Diversity Group 625 Broadway Albany, New York 12233-4754 This web version is based upon an original hard copy version of Checklist of the Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York, Including Their Protective Status which was first published in 1985 and revised and reprinted in 1987. This version has had substantial revision in content and form. First printing - 1985 Second printing (rev.) - 1987 Third revision - 2001 Fourth revision - 2003 Fifth revision - 2005 Sixth revision - December 2005 Seventh revision - November 2006 Eighth revision - September 2007 Ninth revision - April 2010 Tenth revision – February 2019 Page 2 of 30 Introduction The following list of amphibians (34 species), reptiles (38), birds (474) and mammals (93) indicates those vertebrate species believed to be part of the fauna of New York and the present legal status of these species in New York State. Common and scientific nomenclature is as according to: Crother (2008) for amphibians and reptiles; the American Ornithologists' Union (1983 and 2009) for birds; and Wilson and Reeder (2005) for mammals. Expected occurrence in New York State is based on: Conant and Collins (1991) for amphibians and reptiles; Levine (1998) and the New York State Ornithological Association (2009) for birds; and New York State Museum records for terrestrial mammals.
    [Show full text]
  • Foot-Freezing and Arrestment of Post-Juvenal Wing Molt in The
    December 1950 212 WILSON BULLETIN Vol. 62, No. 4 eyes. This area is not, however, so extensive as it is in an adult male Ring-neck. 6. There are distinct black ear tufts (see photo of dorsal surface). The bird resembles a Prairie Chicken thus: 1. The upper parts, especially the feathers of the upper back, are strongly barred. 2. The Hank feathers are strongly and completely barred on at least one web. 3. The tail has a dark brown terminal area on all but the middle pair of rectrices, and the color of this area is similar to that of the Prairie Chicken’s tail. 4. The markings of the primary coverts (which do not show in either photograph) are very much like those of the Prairie Chicken. 5. The tarsi are feathered, in front, half way down to the toes. The bare space on each side of the neck is somewhat larger than in a typical male Ring- neck, but the skin does not seem to have the slightly thickened quality characteristic of the booming sac of the Prairie Chicken. The reddish brown feathers of the underparts are tipped with black more or less as in the adult male Ring-neck, but they lack the brilliant metallic lustre. The tail is moderately graduated (wedge-shaped) but not nearly so long and pointed as that of a Ring-neck. The rectrices are neither square-tipped, as they are in the Prairie Chicken, nor extremely pointed, as they are in the Ring-neck. They are intermediate. The primaries are marked with white on their inner webs as are those of a pheasant, but the markings of the outer webs suggest those of the Prairie Chicken.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunting / Unit 15 Kenai
    Hunting / Unit 15 Kenai 7\RQHN *LUGZRRG +RSH 1LNLVNL .HQDL 6WHUOLQJ &RRSHU /DQGLQJ 0RRVH3DVV 6ROGRWQD .DVLORI &ODP*XOFK 1LQLOFKLN 6HZDUG $QFKRU3RLQW +RPHU 6HOGRYLD 1DQZDOHN 3RUW*UDKDP Federal Public Lands Open to Subsistence Use 70 2014/2016 Federal Subsistence Wildlife Regulations Unit 15 / Hunting (See Unit 15 Kenai map) Unit 15 consists of that portion of the Kenai Peninsula and adjacent islands draining into the Gulf of Alaska, Cook Inlet, and Turnagain Arm from Gore Point to the point where longitude line 150°00' W. crosses the coastline of Chickaloon Bay in Turnagain Arm, including that area lying west of longitude line 150°00' W. to the mouth of the Russian River; then southerly along the Chugach National Forest boundary to the upper end of Upper Russian Lake; and including the drainages into Upper Russian Lake west of the Chugach National Forest boundary. Unit 15A consists of that portion of Unit 15 north of the the north shore of Tustumena Lake, Glacier Creek, and north bank of the Kenai River and the north shore of Skilak Tustumena Glacier. Lake. Unit 15C consists of the remainder of Unit 15. Unit 15B consists of that portion of Unit 15 south of the north bank of the Kenai River and the north shore of Skilak Lake, and north of the north bank of the Kasilof River, Special Provisions ● The Skilak Loop Wildlife Management Area is ● Taking a red fox in Unit 15 by any means other than a closed to subsistence taking of wildlife, except that steel trap or snare is prohibited. grouse, ptarmigan, and hare may be taken only from ● Bait may be used to hunt black bear between April 15 October 1 - March 1 by bow and arrow only.
    [Show full text]
  • The Regions of Maine MAINE the Maine Beaches Long Sand Beaches and the Most Forested State in America Amusements
    the Regions of Maine MAINE The Maine Beaches Long sand beaches and The most forested state in America amusements. Notable birds: Piping Plover, Least Tern, also has one of the longest Harlequin Duck, and Upland coastlines and hundreds of Sandpiper. Aroostook County lakes and mountains. Greater Portland The birds like the variety. and Casco Bay Home of Maine’s largest city So will you. and Scarborough Marsh. Notable birds: Roseate Tern and Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Midcoast Region Extraordinary state parks, islands, and sailing. Notable birds: Atlantic Puffin and Roseate Tern. Downeast and Acadia Land of Acadia National Park, national wildlife refuges and state parks. Notable birds: Atlantic Puffin, Razorbill, and The Maine Highlands Spruce Grouse. Maine Lakes and Mountains Ski country, waterfalls, scenic nature and solitude. Notable birds: Common Loon, Kennebec & Philadelphia Vireo, and Moose River Downeast Boreal Chickadee. Valleys and Acadia Maine Lakes Kennebec & and Mountains Moose River Valleys Great hiking, white-water rafting and the Old Canada Road scenic byway. Notable birds: Warbler, Gray Jay, Crossbill, and Bicknell’s Thrush. The Maine Highlands Site of Moosehead Lake and Midcoast Mt. Katahdin in Baxter State Region Park. Notable birds: Spruce Grouse, and Black-backed Woodpecker. Greater Portland and Casco Bay w. e. Aroostook County Rich Acadian culture, expansive agriculture and A rich landscape and s. rivers. Notable birds: Three- cultural heritage forged The Maine Beaches toed Woodpecker, Pine by the forces of nature. Grossbeak, and Crossbill. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Scale of Miles Contents maine Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Philadelphia Vireo, Gray Jay, Boreal Chickadee, Bicknell’s Thrush, and a variety of warblers.
    [Show full text]