Emotion Elicitation Using Films. in J.A
Elicitation Using Film Clips 1 Rottenberg, J., Ray, R.R., & Gross, J.J. (in press). Emotion elicitation using films. In J.A. Coan & J.J.B Allen (Eds.), The handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment. New York: Oxford University Press. Emotion Elicitation Using Films Jonathan Rottenberg University of South Florida Rebecca D. Ray James J. Gross Stanford University Elicitation Using Film Clips 2 Research on emotion has undergone explosive growth during the past few decades, marked by new theories (e.g., evolutionary analyses; Tooby & Cosmides, 1990), methods (e.g., anatomically-based systems for coding facial expressive behavior, see Cohn this volume), and findings (see Cacioppo & Gardner, 1999). Some of the research in this area has been correlational, focusing on factors that naturally co-vary with emotional processes, such as chronological age, physical health, or social status. However, experimental research also has flourished, focusing on emotional processes in the context of relatively well-controlled laboratory environments. Our chapter on the use of emotion-eliciting films, like many of the contributions to the Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment, lies squarely within this second, experimental tradition. Scientists who take an experimental approach have had at least two distinct motives for eliciting emotion. First, emotion has been used as an independent variable, in manipulations demonstrating the important contribution made by emotion to a diverse array of phenomena ranging from aggression (Zillman & Weaver, 1999) to helping behavior (Isen, Daubman, & Nowicki, 1987). Second, emotion has been used as a dependent – or outcome – variable, in work that has illuminated several emotion-related phenomena such as self-reported experience (Duclos & Laird, 2001), facial expressive behavior (Ekman, Friesen, & Ancoli, 1980), autonomic or central nervous system activation (LeDoux, 1996; Levenson, 1988), and individual differences in emotion responding (e.g., Gross, Sutton, & Ketelaar, 1998; Rottenberg, Kasch, Gross, & Gotlib, 2002).
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