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Sample from: 'The Nystrom Wolrd History Series' | Product code: NYS0474 | ISBN: 9780782509526 Available for purchase at www.nystromeducation.com or www.socialstudies.com

Teacher’s Guide Contents

1 Empires of the ...... 4 17 Age of Exploration ...... 68

2 Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt ...... 8 18 Maya, Aztec, and Inca ...... 72

3 Dynasties of Ancient China ...... 12 19 in the ...... 76

4 Religions of Ancient India ...... 16 20 Ghana, Mali, and Songhai ...... 80

5 Ancient Greece ...... 20 21 Ottoman Empire ...... 84

6 Alexander’s Empire...... 24 22 Reformation and Counter Reformation ...... 88

7 ...... 28 23 European Trading Empires ...... 92

8 Barbarian Invasions of Roman Empire ...... 32 24 India and the Mughal Empire ...... 96

9 and Eurasian Trade ...... 36 25 Independence in the Americas...... 100

10 Byzantine Empire ...... 40 26 Napoleon’s Europe ...... 104

11 Medieval Europe ...... 44 27 Europe After the Congress of Vienna ...... 108

12 Spread of Islam...... 48 28 Under Foreign Rule...... 112

13 The ...... 52 29 War I ...... 116

14 China in the Middle Ages ...... 56 30 World War II ...... 120

15 Mongol Conquests ...... 60 31 Cold War Conflicts ...... 124

16 Shogun Japan...... 64 32 World Conflicts Since 1991 ...... 128

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The Nystrom World History Series 1WH60_LS01_p004_007_rpr5_12.qxd:1WH60_LS01_p004_007_rpr5_12.qxd 5/2/12 8:40 AM Page 4

Sample from: 'The Nystrom Wolrd History Series' | Product code: NYS0474 | ISBN: 9780782509526 Available for purchase at www.nystromeducation.com or www.socialstudies.com

page 4 Empires of the Fertile Crescent 1 3500–539 B.C.

Key Elements The Nystrom world history Series I Fertile Crescent map 1 1 I TURKEY Caspian means HITTITE 1813–1781 B.C. controls map Sea “land between rivers.” EMPIRE Kanesh by force. S. S. S. S MT T S MT M T S MT RU ig RU E ig RU TAU ri TAU S ri TAU I s O s Nineveh Assyria and map Euph R Z Euph R Z E Z ra . A ra P . A up A Cyprus te Cyprus te O Cyprus h s G s T G ra G KASSITE R Ashur R t Ashur R R O IRAN R A O e O I . . M s KINGDOM S S R S New Babylonian Empire map LEBANON M I M . M O Mari A O O Mediterranean U Mediterranean Akshak U Mediterranean U N SYRIAN N N I Sea ISRAEL SYRIAN TA Sea TA Sea SYRIAN TA Locator map DESERT IN IN DESERT Babylon IN S 2 Sumer is the earliest Susa S S known civilization. Uruk Uruk Persian Gulf EGYPT Ur Persian Gulf SINAI SINAI Ur SINAI DESERT SAUDI DESERT DESERT 2 EGYPT ARABIAN 1792–1750 B.C. Babylonia Getting Started ARABIA conquers most of Assyria. Rivers and good soil KUWAIT DESERT To give students an overview of let people live Red Sea Red Sea and farm in the Empires of the Fertile Crescent, ask them: “Fertile Crescent.” Fertile Crescent Sumer, 3500–2350 B.C. Assyria and Babylonia Sumerian city-state, 2900 B.C. 1813–1600 B.C. G Fertile Crescent What part of the world is shown Present-day boundary Other city-state, 2900 B.C. Assyria, 1800 B.C. IRAQ Present-day country Mesopotamia on these maps? Babylonia, 1750 B.C. Babylonian conquest G What is the title of the main map? 50ºE A 1 G NATOLIA 612 B.C. Babylonians win control What years does the map cover? of most of Assyrian Empire. Caspian Kanesh a G Se What does the orange color Tigri . s S 605 B.C R represent? T . . S M Carchemish EUROPE RU 60 G TAU 5 B.C. What do the arrows represent? s N n Nineveh a E G i up ns 35ºN Cyp c h a Z EDIA rus i ri M On the Fertile Crescent map, what ra sy Ashur n s A te A e s G does the green color represent? o R R AFRICA h . . C P O . 60 G Medit B 5 s On the map, what do the errane B n S Sumer an 1 .C nia 0 . ylo B.C. Sea 6 s SYRIAN ab 539 red symbols represent? w B e ERSIA r DESERT P 612 B.C.– New Babylonian G b s M Which is larger––the e Babylon n 539 B.C. Empire H a T Jerusalem ae S Fertile Crescent or Mesopotamia? ld . ha C tline Assyrian Empire, 664 B.C. G EG coas On the Assyria and Babylonia map, YPT today Babylonian Empire, 600 B.C. Memph 3 is SINAI 587–586 B.C. Siege ends Babylonian attack what does the purple outline rebellion. Hebrew captives P . e R DESERT are taken to Babylon. r Persian attack e represent? l s i ia N Babylonian conquest 2 n 601 B.C. Babylonian Empire 4 fails to conquer Egypt. 539 B.C. Persian Empire G Persian conquest conquers Babylonians. u Teaching Notes and lf Assyrians Culture group R Desert Mapping Activities e ERT d ARABIAN DES Wetland S Birth of Civilization e 0 100 200 300 miles Thebes a 25ºN ~People of the Fertile Crescent 25ºN 0 100 200 300 kilometers ~New Babylonian Empire Empires of the Fertile Crescent MARKABLE 3456789-0-321 ~ DIVISION OF HERFF JONES, INC. Use water-soluble ink. Clean shortly after use. © NYSTROM Division of Herff Jones, Inc. Map No. WH1 1 1WH60_LS01_p004_007_rpr5_12.qxd:1WH60_LS01_p004_007_rpr5_12.qxd 2/27/13 9:40 AM Page 5

Sample from: 'The Nystrom Wolrd History Series' | Product code: NYS0474 | ISBN: 9780782509526 Available for purchase at www.nystromeducation.com or www.socialstudies.com

Birth of Civilization Objective: To describe factors that led to the rise of the first civilization.

Teaching Notes and Mapping Activity the trade symbol, draw a writing symbol . You or your students can mark the following on d. Canals were needed to drain marshes and irrigate fields. In the the Fertile Crescent map and the Sumer map. wetland area, draw a canal symbol . 1. Fertile Crescent agriculture The was ideal for . e. Organizing workers to build the canals required a more complex a. Rivers provided water and enriched the soil with minerals. On form of government than had previously existed. The result was the Fertile Crescent map, read and outline the callout. the first city-state. Under the canal symbol, draw a city-state sym- b. Much of the Fertile Crescent was dominated by two rivers, the bol . and the . Trace these two rivers. 4. The Sumerians built the first civilization around 3500 B.C. Each c. The area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers had the richest Sumerian city-state was made up of a major city and the surround- soil in the Fertile Crescent. This area was called Mesopotamia, ing farms and had its own king and laws. the “land between the rivers.” Between the Tigris and Euphrates a. On the Sumer map, circle all the Sumerian city-states. Rivers, write MESOPOTAMIA. b. The Sumerians had a common language, culture, and religion. 2. Human society changed dramatically when people began to grow Below the Sumerian city states, write COMMON CUSTOMS. plants and raise animals. This was the beginning of agriculture. c. Many people no longer needed to grow their own food. They a. Agriculture began just north of the Fertile Crescent around 9000 traded their special skills for food and other supplies. Under B.C. In present-day Turkey, draw an agriculture symbol . COMMON CUSTOMS, write SPECIALIZED LABOR. b. People settled in areas with good soil and water for their crops. d. The Sumerians had a large enough population to build huge The earliest villages, Jericho and Catal Huyuk, were built around pyramid-like temples called . Under SPECIALIZED 7000 B.C. West of the and in the southwest LABOR, draw a symbol . corner of the Fertile Crescent, draw city symbols G. 3. The southern end of Mesopotamia presented unique challenges. + For further discussion: These challenges led to the first civilization. G How did the environment help lead to the development of the Sumerian Correlates with: a. The region was mainly wetlands. Circle the area of wetlands. civilization? G The Nystrom Atlas of b. People in this region had no stone or metal for tools. This G What characteristics are found in all World History, pages 8–11 meant that they needed to trade with other areas. Draw a line civilizations? G Mapping World History from the wetland area to the Persian Gulf. At the end of that Lesson 5 Have the students research and line, draw a trade symbol . + re-create a work of art from Sumer. c. People needed to keep records of trade. As a result, they devel- oped , wedge-shaped writing on clay tablets. Under

1 Empires of the Fertile Crescent page 5 1WH60_LS01_p004_007_rpr5_12.qxd:1WH60_LS01_p004_007_rpr5_12.qxd 2/27/13 9:41 AM Page 6

Sample from: 'The Nystrom Wolrd History Series' | Product code: NYS0474 | ISBN: 9780782509526 Available for purchase at www.nystromeducation.com or www.socialstudies.com

People of the Fertile Crescent page 6 Objective: To locate different cultures of the Fertile Crescent.

Teaching Notes and Mapping Activity 3. Civilizations outside of Mesopotamia became dominant. You or your students can mark the following on the Sumer map, the a. Egypt had a civilization almost as old as the Sumerian’s. In 1490 Assyria and Babylonia map, and the New Babylonian Empire map. B.C. the Egyptians began conquering an empire along the east- 1. Mesopotamia, in present-day Iraq, was the home of the world’s earli- ern Mediterranean coast. Draw an arrow northeast from Egypt. est civilizations. b. The in discovered how to make iron weapons. a. The Sumerians had the earliest known civilization. They built Iron was stronger than earlier bronze weapons. Next to the cities in southern Mesopotamia around 3500 B.C. On the Sumer label for the Hittite Empire, draw a weapon symbol . map, label the southern area SU for Sumerians. c. The Hittites expanded south along the Mediterranean shore. b. Around 3200 B.C., Semites built cities in northern Mesopotamia From the Hittite Empire, draw an arrow to the Syrian Desert. and Syria. They spoke languages related to modern Hebrew and d. Between Egypt and the Hittites, small kingdoms of Semites devel- . Next to Ashur, Mari, and Ebla, write SE for Semites. oped. On the eastern Mediterranean shore, write SE. c. Other Semite groups were . They herded sheep and e. The northern group of Semites, the Phoenicians, were great other animals. They lived between Mesopotamia and the Syrian traders and navigators. On the New Babylonian Empire map, and Arabian . On the southwestern border of next to the label for Phoenicians, draw a ship symbol . Mesopotamia, draw a shepherd symbol labeled SE. f. The Hebrews were Semitic nomads from Sumer. Around 1000 d. Around 2000 B.C. a very strong group of Semitic nomads, the B.C. they conquered a kingdom. Underline the label for , invaded Mesopotamia. From the shepherd symbol to Hebrews. the Tigris River, draw an arrow labeled AM. g. Unlike other people in the Fertile Crescent, the Hebrews 2. The Amorite invasion ended Sumerian civilization. New civiliza- worshiped only one god. Below the label for the Hebrews, write tions emerged in Mesopotamia. 1 GOD. a. The most important Amorite city was Babylon. On the Assyria and Babylonia map, circle the symbol for Babylon. + For further discussion: G b. The city-state of Ashur conquered northern Mesopotamia in What are some important accom- plishments of these civilizations? 1813 B.C. Ashur’s empire was called Assyria. Outline Assyria. Correlates with: G What are some reasons why empires c. G The Nystrom Atlas of In 1792 B.C. Babylonian king began conquering rose and fell at this time? Assyria and the city-states of Mesopotamia. Outline Babylonia. World History, pages 10–15, Have students create a timeline of the 17 d. + Hammurabi had a major law code written to create stability in different empires who controlled the G Mapping World History his empire. Above Babylon, draw a law code symbol . Fertile Crescent. Lessons 6, 7, 8, and 11 e. After the death of Hammurabi, Babylonia declined. eventually took over the city of Babylon. From the Kassite Kingdom to Babylon, draw an arrow. 1WH60_LS01_p004_007_rpr5_12.qxd:1WH60_LS01_p004_007_rpr5_12.qxd 2/27/13 9:42 AM Page 7

Sample from: 'The Nystrom Wolrd History Series' | Product code: NYS0474 | ISBN: 9780782509526 Available for purchase at www.nystromeducation.com or www.socialstudies.com

New Babylonian Empire Objective: To map the rise and fall of the New Babylonian Empire.

Teaching Notes and Mapping Activity c. The Egyptians tried to organize an alliance of the Hebrew king- Judah You or your students can mark the following on dom of and several Phoenician city-states to defeat the the New Babylonian Empire map. Babylonians. Underline the labels for Egypt, the Hebrews, and the Phoenicians. 1. By 664 B.C. the New Assyrian Empire was the feared in both the Fertile Crescent and in Egypt. d. The alliance payed dearly for their actions. Their cities were attacked and looted. Outline the conquest symbol at Jerusalem. a. On the New Babylonian Empire map, outline the Assyrian Empire. e. The rebellion ended with the exile of all Hebrew nobles, priests, b. City-states and kingdoms sent “gifts” called tribute to Nineveh, and skilled workers to Babylon. Draw an arrow from Jerusalem the capital of the empire. At Nineveh, draw a tribute symbol . to Babylon. Label it EXILE. c. However, local kings still fought one another. In 626 B.C. the 4. After the death of Nebuchadrezzar, Babylon faced serious challenges. nomadic Chaldaeans took control of Babylon. Draw an arrow from the Chaldaeans to Babylon. a. In 556 B.C. Nabonidus became king. His religious reforms angered many Babylonians, leading to unrest. Draw a conflict 2. Chaldaean Babylon wanted to rule the Assyrian Empire. symbol next to the symbol for Babylon. a. The Babylonians, Chaldaeans, and launched an attack on b. At about the same time, King Cyrus united the Medes and Assyria in 612 B.C. From Babylon and Media, draw arrows to Persians. Draw a line connecting Persia and Media. Nineveh. c. The Persians under Cyrus conquered the areas north and west of b. The New Babylonian Empire took control of Mesopotamia. the Babylonian Empire. Draw an arrow from Persia to Anatolia. Circle Mesopotamia. (See the Sumer map.) d. In 539 B.C. Cyrus conquered Babylon itself and took control of c. The Assyrians and Egyptians wanted to stop the Babylonians. In its empire. Outline the Persian conquest symbol at Babylon. 605 B.C. they assembled an army to take the city of Carchemish. Draw an arrow from Egypt to Carchemish. For further discussion: d. + The Babylonians were ready for the attack. Outline the G Why was the New Babylonian Empire Babylonian conquest symbol at Carchemish. able to grow so quickly? Correlates with: 3. After Carchemish, Babylonia’s new king Nebuchadrezzar tried to G What led to the fall of the New G The Nystrom Atlas of conquer the lands of the Assyrian Empire. Babylonian Empire? World History, pages 12–14 G a. Have the students research what life was Mapping World History Some Phoenician cities offered tribute to the Babylonians to + Lessons 6 and 7 avoid being attacked. East of the label for Phoenicians, draw a like in the New Babylonian Empire. tribute symbol . b. Nebuchadrezzar attempted to conquer Egypt but was unable to cross the desert. Trace the arrow from Carchemish to the Sinai Desert.

1 Empires of the Fertile Crescent page 7 1WH60_LS21_p084_087_rpr5_12.qxd:1WH60_LS21_p084_087.qxd 5/2/12 9:33 AM Page 84

Sample from: 'The Nystrom Wolrd History Series' | Product code: NYS0474 | ISBN: 9780782509526 Available for purchase at www.nystromeducation.com or www.socialstudies.com

page 84 Ottoman Empire 21 1300–1922

Key Elements The Nystrom world history Series I Rise of Ottoman Empire map 50°N 10 W ENG I ° LAND POLAND S S I A Ottoman Rise and Fall timeline R U Syr D A HO arya TL LY 5 Ottoman Empire 2 I AN R Byzantine l Locator map O T OMAN conquers Hungary. Kiev V ra C IC Empire falls. olg A A EA a R ea N EMPIR R. . S I E B Dnie on S 7 16 E per D Poland and Holy 83 Vienna S R. han A SA strak Roman Empire end Buda RA Azov A Getting Started BIA Ca Ottoman expansion. sp Am L P S 1526 Mohacs a ia u Darya A Crime CA n FR VEN HUNGARY UCASUS M To give students an overview of ANC ICE TS. S 3 E M Danube st e Wars with Persia 40 N ilan R Buchare flis a ° . a Ti lack Se last until 1639. Ottoman Empire, ask them: Barce PAP B P lona AL 1389 Kosovo OR S Co STAT le TU PAI rsica ES BALKAN ntinop zond iran d G GA N Consta Trebi ald oa What is the title of the main map? L Rome PENINSULA 1453 4 Ch R 151 Silk 1 Ottoman victory leads to G NAPLES 1356 Gallipoli kara 02 An igri iz ran N What part of the world does this domination of . S O 14 T s R Tabr Teh IA N ardinia . Z S E Ta T A R R ngie T L I A G E I map show? r Algiers O A N A T O R P P M a OS EM Sicily 1571 AN Kony Lepanto EM E MT G Tuni PIR S. What years does the map cover? CO s M E dad C Crete Cyprus up agh O e hr B R S. d ate G O MT i s R ATLAS t . sra z What do the shades of purple M e r Ba rmu r a Ho represent? Tripoli n e a n S e a Pe Benghazi rsi G iro an What do the blue symbols 1517 Ca Gulf cat 6 Europeans win us represent? YPT M N E EG UROPE naval battle. H A N A 4 1517–1518 Mecca, Egypt E B I G I A J R A M What do the red lines represent? A S (Mamluk Empire), and A A 60 E Z T O ° Algiers fall to Ottomans. dina S E R G Me D E Look at the timeline. What AFRICA S A H A R A happened in 1699? R a e Mecc d . G R e Who was the first Ottoman ruler? il S N e 1300–1683 Rise of Ottoman Empire uakin a G When did the Ottoman Empire S awa N Socotra end? Ottoman lands in 1360 Ottoman capital A F R I C A Mass E M after 1453 E 10°N Added 1360–1481 ER Y A IT den Trade route SSINI R A Added 1481–1683 ABY EA N 0 300 600 miles IA Teaching Notes and Ottoman victory IND N CEA Mapping Activities Ottoman defeat 0 300 600 kilometers O Rise of the Ottoman Empire 50°E ~Trade and the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Rise and Fall 1683 ~ 1516–1639 Defeatat 1853 1920 1517 Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1300 1356 Persian Empire Defeatof Mamluk Empire Vienna begins 1710 1811 Russian seizure of Ottoman Osman I begins Capture of Gallipoli is first and Ottomans doubles Ottoman lands. Ottoman military Algiers becomes Egypt becomes Bessarabia leads Empire is ~ Ottoman dynasty. major victory in Europe. are at war. decline. autonomous. autonomous. to Crimean War. split apart. 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 1402 1453 1699 1832 1300–1400 1389 Timur defeats Byzantine Empire 1520–1566 1574 Hungary is Greece wins 1914–1918 1922 Ottomans Victory at Kosovo Ottomans. falls to Ottomans. Suleiman rules Conquestof Tunis lost to Austria. independence. Central Powers, Turkey replaces conquermost leads to control of at empire’s height. completes North African including the last of the of Anatolia. Balkans. expansion. Ottomans, lose empire. World War I.

Ottoman Empire, 1300–1683 MARKABLE 3456789-0-321 DIVISION OF HERFF JONES, INC. Use water-soluble ink. Clean shortly after use. © NYSTROM Division of Herff Jones, Inc. Map No. WH21 21 1WH60_LS21_p084_087_rpr5_12.qxd:1WH60_LS21_p084_087.qxd 3/11/13 4:28 PM Page 85

Sample from: 'The Nystrom Wolrd History Series' | Product code: NYS0474 | ISBN: 9780782509526 Available for purchase at www.nystromeducation.com or www.socialstudies.com

Rise of the Ottoman Empire Objective: To map the growth of the Ottoman Empire.

Teaching Notes and Mapping Activity 4. A new Persian Empire in the east threatened the Ottomans. You or your students can mark the following on the Ottoman Rise and a. Ottoman Sultan Selim I launched an attack on the Persians. Fall timeline and the Rise of Ottoman Empire map. Draw an arrow from Trebizond to Chaldiran. 1. The Ottoman dynasty began as a group of Turkish nomads from b. Selim also attacked the Mamluks who supported the Persians. . They moved to Anatolia to fight for Islam as ghazis. Draw an arrow from Constantinople to Cairo. a. Ghazis were warriors who fought on the boundaries of Muslim c. The defeat of the Mamluks gave the Ottomans control over the lands. Osman I wanted to spread Islam into the Byzantine Arab lands of Syria, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Mecca. On the Empire. On the timeline, next to the entry for 1300, draw a timeline, read and circle the entry for 1517. Muslim symbol . 5. Selim and his son Suleiman continued to expand the empire. b. Osman also began to take over other Turkish ghazi kingdoms in a. Suleiman launched attacks into Hungary. On the map, draw an Anatolia. On the map, underline the label Rise of Ottoman Empire arrow from Constantinople to Mohacs. for Anatolia. b. Muslim ports in the and were 2. By 1360 the Ottomans were a growing power. They focused their threatened by Spanish and Portuguese attacks. Many Muslim attention on Europe, especially the Balkan Peninsula. rulers asked for Ottoman support. On the map, draw arrows a. Outline the Ottoman lands in 1360. from Constantinople to Algiers, Tripoli, Aden, and Muscat. b. The Ottomans fought almost every year to expand their empire. 6. After Suleiman the empire continued to expand—at a slower pace. Draw arrows from Ottoman lands to Gallipoli and to Kosovo. a. Ottomans took control of Christian colonies in North Africa and c. In conquered Christian lands, the Ottomans took boys to serve the eastern Mediterranean. Draw arrows from Constantinople to as slave soldiers. These soldiers, Janissaries, were loyal to the sul- Tunis, Crete, and Cyprus. tan. West of the Balkan Peninsula, write SLAVE SOLDIERS. b. They also expanded in Europe. Draw an arrow from 3. In 1451 Mehmed II, later called the Conqueror, became sultan. Constantinople to Bessarabia. a. In 1453 Mehmed conquered Constantinople––ending the c. Outline the extent of the Ottoman Correlates with: Byzantine Empire. He renamed the city Istanbul and made it his Empire in 1683. G The Nystrom Atlas of capital. Circle the capital symbol for Constantinople. World History, pages 75, 90 b. Mehmed expanded into eastern Anatolia. From Constantinople + For further discussion: G Mapping World History to Trebizond, draw an arrow. G What motivated the Ottomans to Lesson 45 c. He took control of the Mongol kingdoms on the Black Sea. expand their empire? G From Constantinople to Azov, draw an arrow. Why were the Janissaries effective sol- diers for the Ottomans? d. Outline the extent of the Ottoman Empire in 1481.

21 Ottoman Empire page 85 1WH60_LS21_p084_087_rpr5_12.qxd:1WH60_LS21_p084_087.qxd 3/14/13 2:04 PM Page 86

Sample from: 'The Nystrom Wolrd History Series' | Product code: NYS0474 | ISBN: 9780782509526 Available for purchase at www.nystromeducation.com or www.socialstudies.com

Trade and the Ottoman Empire page 86 Objective: To describe the importance of trade to the Ottoman Empire.

Teaching Notes and Mapping Activity b. As the Ottomans gained control of Anatolia and the Balkan You or your students can mark the following on Peninsula, their navy could seize ships in the eastern the Rise of Ottoman Empire map. Mediterranean. South of Anatolia and west of the Balkan Peninsula, draw ship symbols . 1. Anatolia and the eastern Mediterranean Sea have been at the cross- roads between Europe, Asia, and Africa since ancient times. c. Trace the trade routes in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. a. During the Ottoman Empire, silk continued to come from China 4. The Ottomans heavily taxed goods that travelled across their over the Silk Road. On the Rise of Ottoman Empire map, at the empire. These taxes helped pay for Ottoman conquests. eastern end of the Silk Road, draw a silk symbol . a. In Anatolia and east of the , draw money symbols $. b. Spices and gems came across the Indian Ocean to Basra and b. Italian traders in the eastern Mediterranean paid the Ottomans Cairo. At the eastern end of the Indian Ocean, draw spice to protect their markets. Under Crete and Cyprus, write $. and gem symbols. 5. The taxes charged by the Ottomans and the mark-up charged by c. Timber, slaves, and furs moved down the Dnieper River to the the Venetians made Asian goods very expensive in . Black Sea. On the Crimea, draw fur , slave , and tim- a. In the western Mediterranean, write $$$ GOODS. ber symbols. b. Western Europeans sought new trade routes to bypass the d. Gold and slaves were transported from Africa up the Nile River Ottomans and Italians. Draw an arrow from Portugal south. and to the Red Sea coast. In Abyssinia, draw gold and c. slave symbols. New trade routes around Africa threatened the Ottomans’ tax base. Draw a Christian ship symbol in the Indian Ocean . e. Europeans traded glass, wool cloth, and silver. In Venice, draw d. glass , wool , and silver symbols. The Ottomans fought the Portuguese for control of Indian Ocean trade in the mid-1500s. Below the Christian ship symbol, 2. In the 1400s several groups had access to the eastern Mediterranean. draw a conflict symbol . a. Christian kingdoms left over from the Crusades were slowly con- quered by Italian cities—especially Venice. On both Crete and For further discussion: Cyprus, write a V for Venice. + G How were the Ottomans able to dom- b. Syria and Egypt were ruled by the Mamluks. In Egypt and the inate the main trade routes? Correlates with: area southeast of Anatolia, write M for Mamluks. Have the students compare trade routes G The Nystrom Atlas of + World History, pages 75, 90, 3. The Ottomans expanded their empire in the 1400s. between Asia, Europe, and Africa 92–93 a. By 1483 the Ottomans controlled the routes between the Black through the Ottoman Empire with new G Mapping World History Lessons 37, 45, and 46 Sea and the Mediterranean Sea and through Anatolia. Trace the routes discovered by the Portuguese. trade routes between the Black Sea and Mediterranean and in Anatolia. 1WH60_LS21_p084_087_rpr5_12.qxd:1WH60_LS21_p084_087.qxd 3/11/13 4:28 PM Page 87

Sample from: 'The Nystrom Wolrd History Series' | Product code: NYS0474 | ISBN: 9780782509526 Available for purchase at www.nystromeducation.com or www.socialstudies.com

Decline of the Ottoman Empire Objective: To describe the factors that led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

Teaching Notes and Mapping Activity flict symbol . Label it 1602–1639. You or your students can mark the following on the Ottoman Rise and c. The Persian Wars drained the empire, just as it was losing even Fall timeline and the Rise of Ottoman Empire map. more money from the decline in Middle Eastern trade. Cross 1. Suleiman I the Magnificent was the greatest of the Ottoman sultans. out one of the dollar symbols above Constantinople. During his reign, Ottoman armies were virtually undefeated. 4. After a few decades, the Ottomans seemed to recover from the a. On the Ottoman Rise and Fall timeline, read and circle the entry Persian Wars. However, the Europeans had grown even stronger. for 1520–1566. a. New Ottoman leaders hoped to relive the glory days of Suleiman b. Money from the trade routes still flowed into the empire. On by capturing Vienna, the capital of the Holy Roman Empire. the map, above Constantinople, draw two money symbols $$. Draw an arrow from Constantinople to Vienna. 2. When Suleiman died, his son Selim II became sultan. During b. The Ottomans were defeated. Read and outline callout ˆ. Selim’s reign, weaknesses began to emerge in the empire. c. Poland and Austria (part of the Holy Roman Empire) attacked a. Selim was not as respected as his father. Many of the sultans the Ottomans—forcing them south and taking Hungary. On the after Selim were also poor leaders. Above the money symbols, timeline, read and circle the entry for 1699. write POOR LEADERS. d. Russia wanted control of the Black Sea and attacked the empire. b. Western Europe was at the height of the Renaissance, a scientific On the map, draw an arrow from Russia to the Crimea. and cultural “rebirth.” One result of the Renaissance was e. The Ottomans ignored their defeats by saying that only Christian improvements in weapons. South of Venice, draw an improved lands were lost. However, in 1798, the French invaded Ottoman- weapons symbol . controlled Egypt. They were expelled—not by Egyptian or c. These weapons proved devastating at the Battle of Lepanto. The Ottoman troops, but by British troops. The empire could no combined European fleet had twice as many cannons as the longer defend itself. Draw an arrow from France to Egypt. Ottomans. Draw an arrow from the weapons symbol to the bat- tle symbol for Lepanto. + For further discussion: G Correlates with: 3. Lepanto didn’t end Ottoman expansion, but it showed that the How was technology important to empire was vulnerable to new European weapons. the decline of the Ottomans? G The Nystrom Atlas of G Why was the change in trade routes World History, pages 75, a. The shah of Persia hired English soldiers to train a new 86–87, 90 important to the decline of the European-style army. In the Persian Empire, draw a improved G Mapping World History Ottomans? weapons symbol . Lessons 45 and 47 Have the students research the impact b. In the early 1600s, the Ottomans fought the Persians. On the + of Ottomans on European religion and border between the Ottoman and Persian Empire, draw a con- culture.

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