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LUXEMBOURG (Luxembourg) CLASSROOM COUNTRY PROFILES LUXEMBOURG (Luxembourg) The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a country in Western Europe, bor- dering Belgium, France, and Germany. Founded in 963, it became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. In 1839, it lost a lot of its territory to Belgium but gained more autono- my in the process. Eventually, Luxembourg gained full independence in 1867 under the condition of staying perpetually neutral. After it was overrun by Germany in both world wars, it gave up the neutrality and joined both the Benelux Customs Union and NATO. Luxembourg op- erated under a constitutional monarchy, with Grand Duke Henry as the head of state and the government being led by Prime Minister Xa- vier Bettel since December 2013. June 23, Grand Duke Henry’s birth- day, is National Day, Luxembourg’s national holiday. Population: 582,291 (2016) The vast majority of people in Luxembourg are Roman Catholics, with Area: 2,586 sq. km. (slightly smaller than Rhode around 90% subscribing to this denomination. Other religions present Island) include protestants, Jews, and Muslims, Freedom of worship and pub- Capital: Luxembourg City (115,200) lic practice of religion and freedom to manifest religious beliefs are Languages: Luxembourgish, French, German guaranteed in the Luxembourg Constitution. Moreover, religions in (official) Luxembourg are considered to have a public role. Therefore, the con- GDP Per Capita: $102,000 stitution also governs the spheres that require cooperation between Head of State: Grand Duke Henri Church and State through conventions. In 2015, the Luxembourgish Head of Government: Prime Minister Xavier Bettel government and the religious communities signed an agreement to reform the relationship between each other. It is going to be adapted to social reality, a common “values education” - class is going to be Education in Luxembourg is compulsory between the implemented in public schools, and church property rights will be re- ages of 4 and 16 years, equal to eleven years of full- time attendance. The school system is multilingual and formed. leads up to an internationally recognized school leaving diploma or a certificate of aptitude, which is directed at working life. The University of Luxembourg is the only The outstanding feature of society in Luxembourg is its multiculturality. university in the country, although a few foreign univer- Almost 45% of the population of the grand Duchy are not Luxembourg sities have a campus in the Grand Duchy. nationals. In total, the country now counts more than 170 different na- tionalities. The most dominant ethnicities are, aside from the 53.3% Luxembourgers, Portuguese at 16.2%, French at 7.2%, Italians at 3.5%, Belgians at 3.4%, Germans at 2.2%, and British at 1.1%. Lux- embourg’s birth rate significantly outnumbers its death rate, and it pos- es an enormous positive net migration rate. Thus, Luxembourg had a 2.05% population growth rate in 2016, a trend that has been going on for many years now. Updated: 05/18/17 National Museum of History and Art Luxembourg constitutes a small, stable, high-income economy that has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unem- ployment. While the financial sector is the leading sector in Luxem- bourg’s economy, the industrial sector has become increasingly di- versified as well. The country continues to enjoy an extraordinarily Split high standard of living. GDP per capita is among the highest in the world and the highest in the euro zone, and it maintains a healthy budgetary position and the lowest public debt level in the region. Due to pressure from the EU and the OECD, Luxembourg has lost some of its advantages as a favorable tax location because it ended bank- Grand Ducal Palace ing secrecy in 2015 to comply with EU requirements. After giving up its perpetual neutrality because of the experiences of both world wars and joining NATO in 1949, Luxembourg became one Famous Luxembourgers include bicyclists Andy of the founding member states of the European Union in 1958. More- Schleck and Fränk Schleck, President of the Eu- over, it is also an initial member of the euro zone since 1999 and has ropean Commission Jean-Claude Juncker, author been part of the border-free Schengen area since March 1995. Lux- Hugo Gernsback, actress Désirée Becker, and embourg holds six seats in the European Parliament and has held historian Arno J. Mayer. the revolving presidency of the Council of the EU 12 times between 1960 and 2015. Hi ………………………………..………. Moien Bye …………………………..………. ……Äddi Good morning ………..………...Gudde Moien Yes ……………………………………….... ..Jo No ……………………………………….. ...Nee The Old Quarter, Please………………. ………..Wann ech gelift Luxembourg City You’re welcome …………………Gär geschitt! Thank you ………………………………..Merci How are you? ............................Wéi geet et? I do not understand ………...Ech verstinn net I understand ...............................Ech verstinn What is your name?..... …...Wéi heeschs du? My name is ……………….Mäin Numm ass… Between 1841 and 1890, Luxembourg experienced a series of poor Where are you from? ……Vu wou kenns du? harvest which led many Luxembourgers to emigrate to the United Do you speak English?...Schwätzt Dir Englesch? States. In total, about 50,000 Luxembourgers have emigrated to the United States by now, with most of them living in the Midwest in states such as Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa. In 2004, the Luxem- bourg American Cultural Society, Inc. was founded in Wisconsin, and a Luxembourg-American Cultural Center opened in 2010. The flag is composed USEFUL LINKS of three equal https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lu.html horizontal bands of red, white, and light http://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries/member-countries/ blue. The coloring is luxembourg_en derived from the Grand Duke’s coat of arms. http://www.luxembourg.public.lu/en/index.html .
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