NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY OF INDIA
Development of 8-Lane Bangalore Chennai Expressway Phase-II from Km 71.000 Near Village N.G. Hulkur, Taluka Bangarpet, District Kolar (Karnataka) and Ends at Km 156.000 near 190.Ramapuram Village, Mandal Gudipala, Chittoor District (Andhra Pradesh)
SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
KOLAR DISTRICT (Km 71.000 to Km 75.300 & Km 82.407 to Km 83.598) Length 5.491 Km
March, 2021
In association with
SUMMARY EIA REPORT Bangalore – Chennai Expressway-Phase-II
TABLE OF CONTENT
SECTION TITLE PAGE NO.
E.1 INTRODUCTION E-1
E.1.1 Implementing Agency E-1
E.2 INTRODUCTION E-1
E.2.1 Salient Features of Project E-4
E.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT E-7
A Physical Resources E-7
B Ecological Environment E-9
C Social Environment E-10
D Cultural Environment E-10
E.4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES E-10
A. Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Pre-Construction Stage E-10
B. Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Construction Stage E-13
C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Operation Stage E-16
E.5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES E-17
E.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME E-17
E.7 ADDITIONAL STUDY E-20
E.8 PROJECT BENEFITS E-20
E.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN E-21
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SUMMARY EIA REPORT Bangalore – Chennai Expressway-Phase-II
E SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
E.1 INTRODUCTION
The Environment Impact Assessment study has been conducted for the proposed Phase-II of Bangalore-Chennai Expressway (BCE) in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh to investigate and assess the environmental concerns, potential environmental impacts associated with the project and their mitigation measures. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study covers anticipated potential impacts during different stages of the project viz., Design & Preconstruction Phase, Construction Phase and the Operational Phase and accordingly the mitigation measures have been suggested. The objective of the study is to identify and assess the potential impacts on different physical, ecological and socio-economic environment due to the proposed project within the project influence area and providing measures to offset or minimise the potential adverse impact and enhance the positive impact as well as effective implementation and monitoring plan the environmental safeguard measures during different stages of the project.
E.1.1 Implementing Agency
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is the Implementing Agency for the project including the environmental and social safeguard measures. The NHAI has appointed M/s Egis International (Formerly Egis-BCEOM International S.A.) in association with M/s SECON Pvt. Ltd. as consultants to carryout Consultancy Services for Feasibility Study cum Preliminary Design Report for the Bangalore-Chennai Expressway under NHDP Phase-VI including the EIA study.
E.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Government of India has decided to take up Bangalore Chennai Expressway Project under NHDP, Phase-VI Km of expressways to facilitate high speed travel. Bangalore-Chennai Expressway will be access controlled and operate with a closed toll system. The alignment passes through 3 States namely Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and six districts namely Rural Bangalore and Kolar Districts in Karnataka, Chittoor District in Andhra Pradesh and Vellore, Ranipet, Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur districts in Tamil Nadu. The project has been divided into 3 Phases for facilitating construction and better management of project. The phase-wise location of the project is as below:
Phases Alignment Stretch Location Length (in Km)
BCE PHASE-I Km 0.000 to Km 71.000 Rural Bangalore and Kolar District of 71.000 and Km Karnataka
BCE PHASE-II Km 71.000 to Km Kolar District of Karnataka and 85.000 156.000 Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh
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BCE PHASE-III From Km 156.000 to Km Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, 106.569 262.447 Vellore, Kanchipuram , Thiruvallur districts in Tamil Nadu
Total 262.447
The present summary report is related to the Phase-II of BCE which is located in the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
The project section of Phase-II starts from N.G.Hulkur of Bangarupet Talika in Kolar District of Karnataka at project Km 71.000 and ends at project Km 156.00 at Ramapuram village of Gudipala Taluk in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The project alignment of Phase-II passes through 39 villages.
The total length of proposed BCE Phase-II is 85.00 Km. The geographical extension of the project road section is between 13°0'28.14"N Latitude & 78°25'33.77"E Longitude 13°7'15.53"N Latitude & 79° 6'13.41"E Longitude. Design Chainage Sl. Length Bangalore-Chennai Phase-II (km) No. (km) From To A. Project Section in Karnataka State (Kolar District) Starts from Km 71.000 near N.G.hulkur Village, 71+000 75+300 4.300 Bangarpet Mandal, Kolar District, Karnataka and ends at 82+407 83+598 1.191 km 75.300 Puganahalli of Bangarpet Mandal and again at 1 and from Km 82.407 at Yethurahalli of Mulnagalu Mandal Total 5.491 to Km 83.598 in Chukkanahalli of Mulnagalu Mandal in Karnataka. B. Project Section in Andhra Pradesh State (Chittoor District) 75+300 82+407 7.107 Starts from Km 75.300 near state border KN/AP at Nernipalli village and ends at km 82.407 at Javunipalli near state border AP/KN and again starts at Km 83+598 2 at Totakanama village of Venkatagir Kota Taluk of 83+598 156+000 72.402 Chittoor District and ends at Km 156+000 near 190.Ramapuram Village, Gudipala mandal, Chittoor District in Andhra Pradesh. Total 79.509 Total length of BCE Phase-II 85.00 The location plan of the proposed project alignment is depicted in Figure E.1 below
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Figure E.1: LOCATION MAP OF BCE-PHASE-II
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E.2.1 Salient Features of the Project
The following table presents an overview of the project
Table E.1: Salient Features of the Project A. General Information:
S. Project Components Details For BCE- Kolar District Chitoor District No. Phase-II 1. Project Development of new Bangalore- Chennai Expressway Phase-II in the state of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. 2. Administrative locations Kolar district in Karnataka, Chittoor District in Andhra Pradesh, 3. State Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh 4. Length of the Project 85.000 Kms 5.491 Km Length in 79.509 Km Length road Kolar District in Chittoor District 5. Terrain The project road is in Plain Terrain Plain, Rolling and plain/Rolling/Hilly terrain Hilly terrain 6. Major Settlement along N.G. Hulkur, Venkatagiri N.G. Hulkur Venkatagiri Kota, the Project Stretch Kota, Totakanama, Totakanama, Kammanapalle, Jallipeta Kammanapalle, Palamaner, Yadamari. Jallipeta , Pullayagaripalle, Palamaner, Bandivadlavooru and Yadamari. Ramapuram Pullayagaripalle, Bandivadlavooru and Ramapuram 7. Rivers/Streams/Canals The project mainly Nil Kaundaniya Rive crosses rivers namely Kaundinya, Apart from this river, there are number of seasonal natural streams/nallahs crosses the project road. 8. Ponds/Tanks/Reservoirs The project alignment 1 minor irrigation 11 minor irrigation passes through 12 No. tank in N.G. Hulkur tanks in Chittoor irrigation Tanks. 9. Forest area 63.7 ha of forest land Nil 63.7 Ha Reserved involved in the project. Forest area to be Reserved Forest (RF) is diverted from located in Rayala Palamaner Reserved Elephant Reserve which Forest(Rayala is coming in Palamaner Elephant Reserve) in Chittoor District in the state of Andhra Pradesh. 10. Ecologically Protected One Kaundaniya Wildlife Nil Project falls in areas Sanctuary is located on ecosesitive zone of
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S. Project Components Details For BCE- Kolar District Chitoor District No. Phase-II southern side of the Kaundaniya Wildlife project alignment. The sanctuary proposed alignment of Bangalore-Chennai Expressway Phase-II doesnot pass through the Eco-sesnsitive area of Wildlife Sanctuary, but the projexct section from Km 86.500 to Km 135.500 falls within 10 Km radius from outer boundary of Kaundaniya Wildlife Sanctuary. The nearest distance of the projexct alignment is 2.2 Km from project Km 122.450. The Eco- sensitive zone of this sanctuary is yet to be notified. 11. Archaeological/ Nil Nil Nil Heritage Site
B. Other Project Features:
S. Proposed Total Kolar District Chittoor District Items No. BCE Phase-II 1. ROW 90 m 90 m 90 m 4- Lane dual carriageway 4- Lane dual carriageway 4- Lane dual with 21 m depressed with 21 m depressed carriageway with 21 m median for furture median for furture depressed median for expansion to 8-Lan toward expansion to 8-Lan furture expansion to 8- median side. toward median side. Lan toward median side. 2. Carriageway The Paved Carriageway The Paved Carriageway The Paved Carriageway shall be 22.50 meters for shall be 22.50 meters for shall be 22.50 meters for four lane sections excluding four lane sections four lane sections median but including edge excluding median but excluding median but strip. including edge strip. including edge strip. 3. Design Speed 120 Kmph 120 Kmph 120 Kmph 17 (16 Nos and 1 major 2 15 4. Major Bridge canal over bridge ) 5. Minor Bridge 34 Nos. 5 29 6. ROB Nil Nil Nil
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S. Proposed Total Kolar District Chittoor District Items No. BCE Phase-II 157 Nos. (129 Nos. along 6 151 Main Alignment & 23 Nos. 7. No. of Culverts along Interchanges and 5 on reconstruction of existing culvert) 8. Vehicular Underpass 20 Nos. 2 18 8 Nos. (7 in main Nil 8 9. Vehicular Overpass carriageway and 1 in interchange) Light Vehicular Nil 26 10 26 Nos. Underpass Padestrian/cattle/Small Nil Nil 11. Nil Vehicular Underpass 12. Interchange 4 Nos. Nil 4 11 Nos. (9 in main 2 9 13. Flyovers carriageway and 2 in interchange) 4 Nos. (Including Both Nil 4 Sides) 14. Rest Area (Both sides to BCE, At km 92+320 ) & 137+400 LHS and 142+050 RHS 2 Nos. (2 Nos on Nil 2 15 Toll Plaza Interchanges ) 3 Nos. Nil 3 Bothside at km 115+800, 16 Truck Lay Byes Vengasandra and at km 151+577 LHS, Mapakshi 2 location at km 73+300 1 1 State Border Check RHS, Kadriganakuppa and 17. Post km 84+400 LHS Totakanama The street light has been The street light has been The street light has been proposed for locations at proposed for locations at proposed for locations at LVUP, VUP, LVUP, VUP, Interchange, LVUP, VUP, Interchange, 18. Street Light Interchange, Check Check Post, Truck lay bye, Check Post, Truck lay bye, Post, Truck lay bye, Way Way side amenities and Toll Way side amenities and side amenities and Toll Plaza Locations. Toll Plaza Locations. Plaza Locations.
The High mast lighting has proposed along the proposed along the been proposed along the project highway locations project highway project highway locations in interchange locations, locations in interchange 19. High Mast Light in interchange locations, Rest area, Toll plaza locations, Rest area, Toll Rest area, Toll plaza locations and border plaza locations and locations and border check check post locations. border check post post locations. locations.
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S. Proposed Total Kolar District Chittoor District Items No. BCE Phase-II Nil 12.506 km on Main 12.506 km on Main Expressway and 3.480 20. Connecting Roads Expressway and 3.480 Km Km on Interchange on Interchange locations locations
Total: 918.5228 Ha Total: 52.6403 Ha Total: 865.8825 Ha 21. Land acquisition Pvt. Land: 686.5949 Ha Private Land: 48.7 Ha Pvt. Land: 637.89 Ha
Govt. Land: 231.9279 Ha Govt. Land: 3.9403 Ha Govt. Land:227.509 Ha Acquisition of 22. Structures 146 13 133
Project Affected Persons= Project Affected Project Affected Affected 23. 474 Persons= 43 Persons= 431 Persons/Families Project Displaced Family: Project Displaced Family: Project Displaced 80 4 Family: 76
Total Trees: 26918 Total Trees: 27703 Total Trees: 785 24. Tree Cutting Non Forest Trees: Non Forest Trees: 23041 Non Forest Trees: 785 22256 Forest Trees : 4662 Forest Trees : 0 Forest Trees : 4662 Acquisition of Reserved 25 Forest Land 63.7 Ha Nil 63.7 Ha Civil Construction Cost 26 Rs. 4121 crores. 266.2 Crores 3854.8 Crores of the Project
E.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
A) Physical Environment
Physiography: The project stretch is located over flat to rolling and hilly terrain. Hilly terrain is mainly met in the forest stretch of Palamaner in Chittoor district. Project area falls in Kaundinya river basin. There is only one rive called Kaundaniya river flows in the project area. Apart from this river, there are some local streams/nallahs which cross the project alignment all the streams and river are ephemeral in nature and carry water during rainy season. Apart from the rivers and streams, the area along the project alignment is dotted with a number of minor irrigation tanks.
E.3.1 Geology & Soil:
The area along the project alignment is underlain by formations of Archaean, Proterozoic, Jurassic Cretaceous Tertiary and Quaternary ages whereas. The soil within the study area is predominantly red loamy soil to red sandy soil and varies from brown clayey soil to black cotton soils.
E.3.2 Seismicity
The project stretch of Phase-II falls under ZONE II of seismic zone of India. This zone is classified as least active Zone.
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E.3.3 Climate
semi-arid climate, characterized by typical monsoon tropical weather with hot summers and mild winters. The year is normally divided into four seasons. They are; a) dry season during Jan-Feb, b) pre-monsoon season during Mar-May, c) Southwest Monsoon season during Jun-Sep and d) Post or Northeast monsoon season during Oct-Dec.
Mean maximum temperature of in the project area varies from 29.5°C to 40.5°C and mean minimum temperature varies from 18.2 °C to 28.3 °C. Relative humidity during morning hours varies from from 59.9% to 83.1% and during evening hours it changes from 39.6% to 70.6%. The district receives rainfall which varies from 85.4 mm to 151.00 mm through the South West Monsoon (From June to September) and it varies from 135.7 mm to 268.00 mm in North East Monsoon (From October to December). Average rainfall of the district is 1096 mm. The mean annual arianfall in the area is 1096 mm. The average wind speed in the project area varies from 3.8 Km/Hour to 6.1 Km/Hr.
E.3.4 Land Use
The land use along the proposed project in Kola and Chittoor districts is predominantly agriculture land followed by forest and waste land.
E.3.5 Water Resources
Surface water Resources
The BCE Phase-II alignment crosses the Kaundaniya River between Km 110.500 to 110.600 This river is ephemeral. Apart from Kaundaniya river, there are few local streams and nallahs located in the project area which carry water only during monsoon period. The project alignment is dotted with water tanks. The project alignment passes through 12 minor irrigation tanks, out of 12 water tanks, 1 water tank is in Kolar district section and 11 in Chittoor district. Elevated structures have been provided across these water tanks to avoid impacts on storage capacity of these water bodies.
Ground Water Resources
The project area falls under Safe to semi-critical zone with respect to groundwater utilizationand is suitable for artificial groundwater recharge. The water table in the study area during pre- monsoon ranges from 5 to 10 m bgl. The net annual groundwater availability varies from 29144 Ham in Kolar District to 153857 ha m in Chittoor District,.
Ground Water Quality
The ground water samples were tested from 4 locations to assess the physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater within project area and found that pH varies between varied from 6.8 to 7.93, TDS (mg/l) varies between 112 mg/l to 776 mg/l., Total Hardness ranged between 276mg/L and 329 mg/L, Heavy metals like, As, Hg, Lead, Boron were below detectable limit. No sign of microbial contamination found in any of the samples.
Surface Water Quality Results: The pH value ranged between 7.17 to 7.68, DO ranges 6.0 mg/l
to 6.7 mg/l, BOD (3 day 27 deg C) varies from 3mg/l to 15 mg/l and COD ranges from 37.2 mg/l to 46 mg/l l, Total dissolved solids varied from 332 mg/l to 402 mg/l, Total coliform (MPN/100ml) varies between 90 to 140.
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Ambient Air Quality
To assess the ambient air quality within the project area post-monsoon air quality monitoring was carried out at 4 locations between March-May 2018. All the stations fall in residential and 3 commercial zone. mean concentration of PM10 in ambient air varied between 68.5 µg/m at N.G. Hulkur and 93.9 µg/m3 in the study area, which were within the maximum permissible limit of the 3 National Ambient Air Quality Standards i.e. 100 µg/m . The highest mean concentration of PM10 93.9 µg/m3 was recorded in the air sample collected from Ramapuram Village near NH-4, which represents Residential and area with mixed activities. PM2.5 concentration were recorded in the range from 37.3 µg/m3 near N.G. Hulkur to 47.1 µg/m3 at Ramapuram Village near the end point 3 of the project stretch. The mean concentration of SO2 in air samples varied between 13.2 g /m 3 3 and 16.3 g /m which is well within the prescribed limits 80 g /m at all locations. Similar to SO2, the NOx levels at all monitoring locations were recorded well within the prescribed limits of 80 g 3 3 /m . The mean concentration of NOx in ambient air was recorded between 22.0 g /m to 31.8 g /m3. The CO levels in the air samples were found in the range of 0.253 mg/m3 to 0.631 mg/m3 which is within the prescribed limit of 4.0 mg/m3.
Noise Quality
The mean daytime equivalent noise levels were recorded between 60.3 Leq dB(A) to 62.3 Leq dB(A). The maximum mean daytime noise level was recorded at Bellu Palli Cross along NH-219 (62.3 Leq dB(A)) followed by RER forest section (61.8 Leq dB(A)), H.G. Hulkur (61.5 Leq dB(A)), and least in Yadamari (60.3 Leq dB(A)). At all the monitored locations, the equivalent noise levels exceeded the permissible limit for residential area (55 Leq dB(A) but were within the limit for commercial areas (65 Leq dB(A)). In the forest stretch the noise levels were recorded along the existing NH-4, where the traffic density is high. The number of curves and hilly gradient also caused more noise along the highway due to traffic movement.
The nighttime equivalent noise levels were also recorded at 4 locations along the project alignment. At all the monitoring locations the nighttime equivalent noise levels exceeded the maximum limit for Residential area but were within the limit of commercial area. The mean nighttime noise level was recorded between 46.9 Leq dB(A) at Yadamari to 48.1 Leq dB(A) at Forest Section of RER. The higher noise levels in the forest stretch of RER may be attributed to the heavy traffic movement on existing NH-4 throughout the period and the curves and gradient add to the noise generation by traffic in the area.
Soil Quality
The analysis results reflect that pH level of the soil in the study area is normal to saline with pH ranging from 7.46 to 8.40. The soil texture mainly varies from Silty Sandy Loam to sandy clay Loam to Silty clay loam along the proposed project alignment. Organic carbon in the soil varies between 1.12% to 1.63%. Electrical conductivity is normal and favourable for germination as all the samples have results below 1000 µS/ cm. The moisture retention capacity varies from 6.21% to 6.8% among all the soil samples taken along the project road. Infiltration rate varies from 6.34 mm/hr to 19.3 mm/hr.
B) Ecological Environment
Phase-II of the Expressway does not pass through any ecological protected area (Wildlife Sanctuary/ National Park, Tiger Reserve or Eco-sensitive zone). However, Kaundaniya Wildlife
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Sanctuary exist within 10 Km radius of the project alignment between Km Km 86.500 to Km 135.500. The project alignment is passing through Palamaner Reserved Forest Area, under Chittoor Forest Division and constitute part of Rayala Elephant Reserve. The RF land to be diverted for expressway is 63.7 Ha. There are about 4662 trees in Palamaner RF coming within PRoW of the project road.
There are about 23041 trees falling within proposed RoW in non-forest area. The predominant tree species are mango, neem, sheesham, coconut, etc.
Among the faunal species, common animals like dogs, cats, monkey, pig and cattle are spotted in non forest area. Avifauna includes common birds like peacock, myna, kingfisher, pigeon, kite, egret. In Reserved forest area around Kaundaniya Wildlife Sanctuary important mammals like Indian Elephant, Panther, Sloth bear, Wild boar, Chowsingha, Nilgai, Hyena, Jackal, etc are reported. In the hill slopes and valley several kinds of reptiles are found Cobras being very common. There are
C) Social Environment
Of the total surveyed households, a total of 474 persons are affected due to acquisition of houses and other assets. Among affected person due to acquisition of structures are 269 Male and 205 females. A total no. of 80 households (PAHs) consisting of 80 families (PAFs) will be affected. All the affected PAH and PAF will require to be displaced due to the project.
The analysis of Socio-Cultural profile of the surveyed households shows that along the project corridor, there were households belonging to two religions viz. Hindus (92.5%) and Muslims (7.5%). Social group-wise most of the affected people represents the backward caste (55.0%), General constitute (35%), Scheduled Castes comprises around 2.5%. The Scheduled tribe population constitute about 7.5% of total affected households. Observed across the family pattern majority (78.75%) of the affected households are joint families and of the remaining 21.25 % percent of the affected households live as nuclear families.
Most of the households are staying along the roadside from a long time where in nearly 37.8 % of them are living since more than 10 years. About 1.27% of them are found to have settled in the last 2-6 years. Occupation wise, most of them are engaged into Agriculture where around (25%), of the Daily Wages followed by housewife 37.5%, 21.3% shop owners, remaining involve in Trade/Business and Non-Agricultural Labours and other occupations such as Agricultural Labours, private service and others. The income levels of majority of the households fall under middle income families (37.50percent) who are earning between Rs. 50000 to Rs. 100000 per annum. The incidence of lower income families is about 25 percent who earn less than Rs. 50000 per annum.
D) Cultural Environment
There is no any archaeological sites protected monument located within 10 km radius of the project alignment. The project alignment has avoided settlement areas and no any religious/ cultural feature are affected due to the project.
E.4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The impacts of the project have been categorized into three phases: pre-construction, construction and operation phase.
(A) Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Pre-Construction Stage:
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In general, 90 m wide RoW has been proposed for development of Expressway. The environmental impacts associated with the pre-construction stages mainly include impacts due to design and location of the project as well as site preparation for construction. The main issues involve in the preconstruction stage are acquisition of land and properties, tree felling, diversion of forest land, encroachment of water tanks & ponds, acquisition of common property resources, relocation of public utilities etc. Most of the impacts of preconstruction stage are permanent in nature. The anticipated impacts associated with the preconstruction stage and their mitigation measures have been presented below
Table E.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase
Environmental S. Components/ Impacts Mitigation Measures No. Issues
1. Acquisition of Land A total area of 918.5228 Ha of land will be The acquisition of land and private required for acquisition for expressway properties will be carried out in development. Out of total land area accordance with the RAP and 686.5949Ha of Private Land, 231.9279 Haof entitlement framework for the project. Government Land, will be affected due to acquisition. Early identification of entitlement for The project section in Kolar District will involve Compensation and Advance planning acquisition of 27.8292ha (Private-15.0341ha, of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Government-12.7951ha.) of land. Action Plan to Compensate the Losses.
In Chittoor district total land acquisition envisaged is 865.8825 Ha (227.99 Ha The Compensation will be paid in Government land and 637.89 Ha Private Land) accordance with the LARR and Policy 2. Acquisition of A total number of 146 private (13 Nos of and NPRR, Govt of India and will be Properties structures in Kolar District and 133 structures decided by the Competent Authority of in Chittoor District) will be affected due to the State Government appointed by proposed project either partially or fully. Out the NHAI. 146 impacted structures of 60 are residential
(4 in Kolar District and 56 in Chittoor District) 15 commercials (all in Chittoor District) and 1 All the affected people will be structure is residential cum commercial compensated as per NPRR before structures in Chittoor District. Remaining 70 commencement of Construction works are other structures (9 in Kolar and remaining 61 in Chittoor District) the other structures
3. Resettlement and Due to acquisition of structures and other Rehabilitation of assets a total number of 474 person are People affected out of which 43 are from Kolar District and balance 431 from Chittoor District
4. Roadside Trees A total number of about 27703 tree will All efforts will be made to preserve required to be felled due to the proposed trees by restricting tree cutting within expressway development. Out of 27703 trees, the formation width.
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Environmental S. Components/ Impacts Mitigation Measures No. Issues 4662 trees are located in forest area of Palamaner Reserved Forest and rest 23041 Special attention will be given for trees area tress located in non forest area. protecting giant trees, and locally important trees (having cultural In the project section of Kolar district a total importance). number of 785 trees will require to be cut, whereas in Chittoor district a total number of Compensatory plantation will be 26918 trees will be impacted. carried out in the ratio of 1:10 within the proposed ROW along the project
highway by following NHAI Plantation Strategy.
5. Forest Area Diversion of 63.7 Ha of Reserved Forest area The forest area diversion has been from Palamaner Reserved Forest, Chittoor is identified based on the best option envisaged due to the project which is among alternate alignments in terms unavoidable. of social, environmental and engineering selecting alternative No forest land is involved in Kolar District alignment. However, diversion of Reserved Forest land is inevitable.
The Forest Clearance will be obtained as per Forest Conservation Act, 1980 and the compensation will be paid in accordance with the assessment of losses and cost of compensatory afforestation by the Forest Dept. as per FCA rules. Adequate attention has been given in design. At all 3 identified elephant movement routes, Elephant underpass has been proposed in the project.
As additional measures for Rayala Elephant ensuring free movement of wild Reserve Eco- Obstruction is movement of wild animals and animals in the forest stretch minor 7. sensitive zone of fragmentation bridges have been proposed Kaundaniya across all the streams intercepted Wildlife Sanctuary by the project alignment in the forest area. A total number of 3 box culverts have also been proposed which will also provide access to the small size wild animals.
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Environmental S. Components/ Impacts Mitigation Measures No. Issues 2 m and chain link fencing will be provided all along the project length on either side of the ROW
Comprehensive wildlife conservation plan has been prepared and separate budget allocation has also been made.
VUP, LVUP and flyover have been proposed. Pedestrian/ cattle underpasses have been provided for 8. Severance Severance Problem crossing the road for pedestrians, local traffic and cattle to avoid severance problem.
The Adequate number of Vehicular underpasses, Pedestrian/cattle under passes, service roads, geometric corrections, scientifically designed bus stand, traffic signals, zebra crossings, junction improvements, bus bays and truck lay byes, traffic lightings and 8. Traffic Safety Accident Hazards caution, regulatory and informative signboards have been provided in the project as per IRC codes. During operation there will be provision of highway patrolling, ambulance and recovery vans to deal with emergency situations.
(B) Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Construction Stage:
During construction period the major environmental issues will be related to dust generation, emission of gaseous emissions, borrow area and quarry operations, pollution due to operation of plants and equipments, contamination of land and soil, contamination of water bodies and public as well as workers health and safety. These anticipated impacts will mainly temporary and localised in nature and are likely to persist for short duration till the construction activities are over in a particular area. However, there are some long term adverse impacts due to construction. These impacts however can be mitigated effectively through proper planning, scheduling and by application of environmental friendly construction practices.
The microclimate is likely to be affected due to removal of trees and creation of impervious surface. for construction of road for the present proposal of 4-lane dual carriageway configuration with depressed median, service roads, connecting roads, etc. 1,88,82,311 cum soil and coarse materials, 7,58,700cum of sand and 28,10,300 cum aggregates would be required. These materials will be met through different borrow areas and quarry, which may lead to disturbance to land and
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SUMMARY EIA REPORT Bangalore – Chennai Expressway-Phase-II disfiguration of area due to haphazard excavation at borrow areas. The acquisition of agricultural land would cause loss of productive soil. Spillage of construction materials like bitumen, asphalt, oil & grease, fly ash etc. and the unwarranted disposal of construction spoils and debris will affect the core characteristics of the soil, which in turn can become unsuitable for agriculture. For meeting the earth requirement for construction of Expressway, 5 borrow areas and 15 quarry areas have been identified as source of earth and aggregates in the project influence area. Transportation of construction materials and movement of vehicles over haul roads will have impact in terms of dust and noise. During construction, the disposal of solid and liquid waste from labour camps, fuel and lubricant spills or leaks from construction vehicles, pollution from fuel storage & distribution sites is likely to affect water quality. The negative impacts on air quality during construction will be mostly localized and concentrated in the Right of Way (RoW)/COI. The noise levels in the project area during construction will increase though it will be intermittent and temporary in nature. Few of the settlement area are located in the vicinity of the project alignment and may face problem of noise pollution as well as dust problem. Regular sprinkling of water over exposed surface and dust operation of dust control device on the Hot mix plant, stone crusher plant, batching plant, etc, will however reduce the impacts. Further, noise barriers and greenbelt plantation is proposed for its mitigation. Sewage and domestic solid waste will be generated at the construction worker’s colony. Improper management of these wastes may lead to health and hygiene related problems among the construction workers and the local population.
The construction in forest stretch will require special attentions, as there is risk of interference with the movement of wild animals and chances of collision with wild animals. Sometime the wildlanimal may attached on the work force.
Mitigation Measures
The permanent loss of topsoil proposed to be avoided by conserving the topsoil from such areas and using it at other places for tree plantation, landscaping etc. Adequate slope protection measures will be provided next to water bodies mainly during the rainy season. To minimize the requirement of borrow areas the excavated materials generated for road bed preparation will be reused for construction. About 70% of the excavated material will be will be reused for construction. In addition, it is proposed to use fly ash in embankment for further reduction is material requirements from borrow areas. The operational stone quarries with valid license available will be utilized for meeting the aggregate quantity. Dust control measures such as regular water sprinkling in construction areas, camp site, plant site and other allied sites will be carried out to control dust. All the construction plants and equipment will be fitted with dust control and pollution control equipment and adhere to the emission standards. Disposal of construction waste shall be undertaken at landfill sites to minimize impacts. If a spill occurs, measures for safe incineration of spilled oil shall be taken to prevent seepage into the ground. Exhausted borrow areas shall be rehabilitated in environmentally sound manner. Aggregates will be sourced only from the licensed quarry, complying with the environmental and other applicable regulations, Quarry and crushing units will have adequate dust suppression measures like sprinkler in work area and along approach road to quarry site. To avoid contamination of the water bodies and drainage channels from fuel and lubricants, oil interceptor shall be provided at fueling locations, construction vehicle parking area, vehicle repair area and workshops. The sewage system (including septic tanks and soak pits) for
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construction camps will be properly designed and built so that no water pollution takes place in any water body or watercourse. The asphalt plants, crushers and the batching plants will be sited at least 500 m in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement. Avenue plantation and landscaping, to be carried out as part of the project, shall help in restoring the green cover along the corridor. Cut and fill is being balanced in the design to the extent feasible and fly ash is also to be used to minimize impacts on the physiography of the area. The permanent loss of topsoil proposed to be avoided by conserving the topsoil from such areas and using it at other places for tree plantation, landscaping etc. Aggregates will be sourced only from the licensed quarry, complying with the environmental and other applicable regulations, Quarry and crushing units will have adequate dust suppression measures like sprinkler in work area and along approach road to quarry site. To avoid contamination of the water bodies and drainage channels from fuel and lubricants, oil interceptor shall be provided at fuelling locations, construction vehicle parking area, vehicle repair area and workshops. The sewage system (including septic tanks and soak pits) for construction camps will be properly designed and built so that no water pollution takes place in any water body or watercourse. Construction vehicles, equipment and plants shall strictly adhere permissible noise standard during construction period. All necessary and adequate care has been taken to minimize impact on cultural properties. The affected religious structures will be relocated with proper compensation and community consultation to avoid any kind of local conflict.
Following protection measures during construction works in forest area is proposed:
The Contractor will obtain requisite permission from Forest & Wildlife Department for movement of manpower and machineries in the reserved Forest area and submit the copy of the same to AE and PIU-NHAI. The contractor will submit specific work plan with regard to temporary land width for diversion or any activity in accordance with the conditions of the respective Forest Department while working in RF sections. During continuance of the contract, the contractor and his sub-contractors, if any, shall abide at all times by all existing enactments on environmental protection and rules made thereunder, regulations, notifications and bye-laws of the State or Central Government, or local authorities and any other law, bye-law, regulations that may be passed or notification that may be issued in this respect in future by the State or Central Government or the local authority. State rules for hunting (wild life protection) will be adhered and rules for Bird catching (wild life protection) will be adhered to. It will be responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that there is no illegal poaching of wild animals around the area of activities by his staff, labours or sub-contractors personnel. Adequate measures will be taken to control dust generation during works along the Wildlife sanctuary area. The contractor will maintain a register for spotted animals in the vicinity of construction area in forest section during the construction period and submit the periodic report to the Authority Engineer and PIU. The construction activities in the forest area should be avoided during monsoon period as frequent movement of reptiles and other wild animals have been reported during monsoon period and therefore there is risk of damage to the wild animals will be more during this season. Construction vehicles will run along specified access to avoid accidents to cattle or wild animal In the forest section the construction work shall be restricted to day hours only and work shall not be carried out in the late evening hours/night hours /early mornings.
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The work force shall be oriented not to feed monkeys in order to avoid accident with the monkeys The Contractor will Strictly comply with the conditions stipulated by the Forest department during works and also ensure that the sub-contractor also follows the same. All work force shall be oriented to keep calm and walk away from the scene, in case, wild animals are sighted either during work hours. The site worker will strictly be advised not to try to catch wild animals on their own as the animal may hurt them in self-defense. On sighting of wild animal at site, the work will be stopped and the Wildlife Authority should immediately be informed and the work will be restarted after taking consent from the Forest/Wildlife Authority. The Contractor will develop emergency action plan in consultation with Forest Department to deal with forest fire or animal attacks The Contractor will maintain firefighting equipments at the site during construction activities to act immediately in case of forest fire.
(C) Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Operation Stage
Soil pollution due to accidental vehicle spills or leaks is a low probability but potentially disastrous to the receiving environment, if they occur. These impacts can be a long term and irreversible depending upon the extent and type of spill. Pollutants from vehicles, and accidental fuel spills may also make their way into surface water bodies across/along the project corridor. Higher traffic volume and speed will have impact on the ambient air quality as the due to construction of green field project. Increase in the number of vehicles would increase the pollutant load. Higher noise levels due to increased traffic volume and speed will affect the residential areas and sensitive receptor like educational institutes, hospitals and nursing homes.
Operation of the BCE Phase-II project will reduce traffic load on other parallel roads. Higher speed of the vehicle will reduce the time to reach origin to destination. Growth of the vegetative cover along the corridor with time shall again reduce impact of the air pollution. Plantation of green vegetative noise barriers and precast concrete wall of acoustic materials have been proposed along the settlement areas falling within 500 m from the Expressway. Altogether noise barriers have been proposed for a total length of 9.0 Km. These will reduce noise level. Air quality and noise level monitoring shall be conducted as per monitoring plan during operation phase of the project to confirm whether further mitigation measures required.
Although adequate measures have been provided in the forest stretch of Rayala Elephant Reserve and Eco-sensitive Zone of Kaundaniya Wildlife Sanctuary, but sit this section makes a sensitive and vulnerable site. During operation stage following mitigation measures has been proposed in the project:
Mitigation measures
Comply with condition stipulated in the forest clearance and recommendations of NBWL. Construction of water holes and habitat improvement measures away from road on either side will help in less movement of wild animals across the road. Roadside Warning and caution signboards to alert driver about presence of Wildlife crossing zone. Awareness signboards for conservation of ecology and wildlife
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Installation of Animal Detection System/Radio collar / or other technological devices for real- time monitoring for elephant and other wild animal movement to alert motorist about the presence of animals along road. Speed restriction and enforcement of no horn zone within forest stretch Deploy of patrolling staff for the protection of elephants and other wild animals along the highways Location specific Structure may be provided at the corridor areas to avoid any conflict between man and elephant and other wild animals Public education and awareness programmes Parking of vehicles, roadside shop along the expressway alignment in the forest stretch area should not be permitted.
Action Plan will be prepared in consultation with the forest department for action in case of presence of wild animals over road and collision with animals
The development of Expressway will have positive impacts on overall socio-economic condition of the entire project influence states by providing better connectivity and speedy transportation facilities. Majority of the potential adverse impacts on environmental due to the project can mitigated and managed through application of various mitigation measures.
E.5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
An analysis of “With” and “Without” Project scenario reveals that the positive impacts outnumbered the negative impacts due to the proposed development. The negative impacts are envisaged only during the construction period which will be temporary in nature and of short duration. Further mitigation measures will be adopted to limit the impacts during the construction phase. The proposed improvement and expansion will add in infrastructure development and will act as a catalyst to boost the economic progress. The Expressway will provide improved access to the commercial and industrial corridor to be developed between Chennai and Bangalore areas. It will also boost the tourism in the surrounding areas.
The present alignment of Bangalore-Chennai Expressway has been selected based on study of 6 various alignment options. The selected alignment has less interferences with the natural sensitive environmental features such as forests, wildlife sanctuary, least R&R issues and engineering feasibility.
E.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
Monitoring of environmental quality during construction and operation stages reflects the effectiveness of implementation of the mitigation measures. Also it provides a chance to review the suggested measure and improve upon the measures. To ensure the effective implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), it is essential that an effective monitoring plan be designed and carried out. The environmental monitoring plan covering various performance indicators including periodic monitoring of environmental quality in terms of Air, water, noise and soil quality, frequency and institutional arrangements for the project in the construction and operation stages has been formulated for the project. Environmental Monitoring of performance indicators will be conducted by the project authority. The monitoring plan has been suggested with performance indicators to be monitored, locations, frequency and timeframe of monitoring. Periodical monitoring of air, water, noise quality and survival rate of plantations, also has been
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SUMMARY EIA REPORT Bangalore – Chennai Expressway-Phase-II suggested. Following environmental performance indicators have been identified for monitoring during various stages.
Table E.3: Environmental Performance Indicators for Monitoring
S.No Performance Description of Item Project Monitoring Indicators Stage Mechanism No. of locations Pre- Checklist Method and 1 Construction Facilities identified for the Construction Physical review of such as HMP, Batching Plant, Camp sites etc. construction camp and documents based on the construction plant sites CEMP and site inspection Agreement Copy with for all sites incl. Land Owner construction zone and all Copy of Statutory allied sites to check the NOC/permits and their compliance as per EMP validity and statutory norms. No. of locations approved Lay-outs approved No. of sites for which site restoration and rehabilitation has been completed Environmental Construction Approved Schedule of 2 Ambient Air Quality, parameter monitoring and Environmental Noise levels, Water Quality and Soil testing in accordance with the Operation monitoring as per EMoP schedules and frequency and duration Verification of Sampling mitigation measures to of monitoring as well as and Monitoring through avoid any exceed from the locations as per the NABL accredited permissible limits Monitoring Plan given Laboratories and test in above table report Comparison with standards Quantity of debris and Construction Physical Verification of 3 Muck Disposal spoils to be disposed off disposal of site No. of locations Visual inspection of finalized for Debris disposal practices and disposal mitigation measures Necessary Approvals for disposal from line department No. of locations for which rehabilitation works have been completed
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S.No Performance Description of Item Project Monitoring Indicators Stage Mechanism Monitoring of Tree Construction Visual Observation at site, 4 Ecology felling and tree enumeration and Survival Rate of Operation recording of animals Roadside Plantation & movements and incidence Compensate Plantation with wild animals Spotting of Wild Animals and crossings the alignment No. of Borrow Areas Construction Visual Observation at site 5 Borrow Area identified and verified and and document review Agreement Copy with Operation Land Owner Copy of Statutory NOC/permits and their validity No. of sites for which restoration plans have been prepared No. of Sites restored and rehabilitated No. of sites handed over No. of Quarry Areas Construction Visual Observation at site 6 Quarries identified and verified and and document review Agreement Copy with Operation Land Owner Copy of Statutory NOC/permits and their validity No. of sites for which restoration plans have been prepared No. of sites restored and rehabilitated No. of sites handed over
The monitoring plan has been formulated for construction as well as operation stage. It also provide action plan in case of any parameters exceeds the limit. A separate budgetary provision of Rs 76,05,000/- has been made for environmental monitoring during construction period (2.5 Years) whereas for Operation Stage a budgetary provision of Rs. 3,82,40,000/- has been made.
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E.7 ADDITIONAL STUDY
Under additional studies during EIA study, Social Impact Assessment and R&R studies has been carried out for the project. The objective of the social Impact assessment is to create a baseline database on social aspects containing the features and population with in the COI, and road as well as the structures likely to be affected by the proposed ROW. The report aims to highlight the social problems and suggests general and typical mitigation measures to alleviate social problems that the project-affected people may face such as loss of livelihood, displacement and loss of access to community facilities through construction of service roads, underpasses and other facilities.
Under SIA the project affected persons and families have been identified and surveys for establishing their socio-economic profile. This in turns helped in formulating Resettlement & rehabilitation plan for project affected person. The summary of affected persons and families due to the Proposed Project section in Lucknow District is presented below:
Table E.4: Impact of the Project Due to Acquisition of Structure Impact of the Project Kolar District Chittoor District Total 1 No. of PAHs 4 76 80 3 No. of PAFs 4 76 80 2 No. of PAPs 43 431 474 4 No. of PDHs 4 76 80 5 No. of PDFs 4 76 80 Table E.5: Impact on structures in Proposed BCE-Phase-II
No. Of Affected Structures Others (Incl. Bath rooms, Sl. Residential District Cattle sheds, Arch, Total No. Residential Commercial cum Compound walls commercial etc.) 2 Kolar 4 0 0 9 13 1 Chittoor 56 15 1 61 133 Grand Total 60 15 1 70 146
E.8 PROJECT BENEFITS
Implementation of the Project will have following benefits:
Bangalore Chennai Expressway is a part of Chennai-Bangalore Industrial Corridor (CBIC), one of the largest Infrastructure Projects of Government of India. Accelerate regional economic development in terms of industry, tourism and agriculture Reduce vehicle operating and maintenance costs due to availability of express way, Minimize road accidents due to introduction better safety features, The project shall also generate local employment opportunities through the construction activities and local business. Increase in safety due to construction of median between two directions of traffic flow and plantation of shrub in median
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Provision of pedestrian and cattle underpasses shall provide safe movement from one side of the project RoW to the other side of the project RoW Construction of Road Over Bridge (ROBs) shall reduce travel time and enhance smooth flow of the traffic Project facilities included in the project preparation are Rest Area, Bus Bays, Truck Lay Bye, Road Side Furniture, Street Lighting, Traffic Aid Post, Highway Patrolling, Medical Aid Posts, Vehicle Rescue Posts etc.
E.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure effective implementation of environmental safeguard measures during different stage of the project. The project specific EMP has been formulated for mitigating and offsetting the anticipated adverse impacts arising out of the project activities. The EMP also includes provision of environmental enhancement of the proposed project road. The Environmental Management Plan includes implementation Framework, supervision, monitoring and reporting requirements. Based on identified potential environmental impacts due to the projects, Environmental Management Action plan has been developed for implementing the mitigation measures at different locations as well as different stages of the project. The institutional responsibility and timeframe have also been established in the EMP.
Several mitigation measures have been suggested along with the agency responsible for planning, execution, supervision and monitoring of the Environment Management Plan for pre-construction, construction and operation stages to avoid or mitigate the adverse impacts.
Pre-construction Phase
Pre-construction activities include acquisition of land and structures, relocation of utilities, removal of trees, relocation/compensation of common property resources viz. temple, hand pumps, obtaining Environmental Clearance, Consent to Establish from Karnataka Pollution Control Board and APPCB. NHAI/Concessionaire and concerned departments shall be responsible for those activities.
Construction Phase
Construction activities during this phase include setting up of Construction Camp, setting up of plants namely crusher plant, concrete batching plant, hot mix plant; clearing and grubbing, collection, storage and utilization of topsoil, identification of borrow pit & aggregate quarry (if other than those identified by design consultant), operation of the quarry, plantation on either side of the proposed expressway & at median, environmental protection & monitoring. Concessionaire shall be responsible for obtaining consent for establish and operate of those plants. Concessionaire shall also be responsible for implementation of the environmental protection measures during construction. The Independent Engineer/Authority Engineer shall be responsible for monitoring & supervision of the Concessionaire’s activities as per Contract & report it to PIU, NHAI time to time. Project Implementation Unit (PIU), NHAI shall be responsible for regulatory compliance.
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Operation Phase
Operation phase activities include environmental monitoring and monitoring of survival rate of the plantation etc. The Independent Engineer/Authority Engineer and Concessionaire shall be responsible for those activities.
Environmental costs
The costs for mitigation and management measures have been estimated. These costs along with the social costs have to be incurred by the implementing agency to include environmental and social safeguard measures into the proposed project. The environmental cost estimates are presented in E.6.
Table E.6: Environmental Cost Estimates Particulars Amount (Rs) Environmental Protection and Mitigation Cost during Pre-Construction Stage (A) 15,64,96,700 Environmental Protection and Mitigation Cost (B) 59,17,94,510 Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase (C) 76,05,000 Environmental Monitoring during Opertion Phase (D) 3,82,40,000 Total (A+B+C+D) 79,41,36,210 Say 79.414 Crores
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