DOCSLIB.ORG

“Against the Good Widdow No Harme We Doe Know:” Examining Aristocratic and Gentry Widows' Roles and Influence in England F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Against the Good Widdow No Harme We Doe Know:” Examining Aristocratic and Gentry Widows' Roles and Influence in England F University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, History, Department of Department of History 8-2019 “Against the good Widdow no harme we doe know:” Examining Aristocratic and Gentry Widows’ Roles and Influence in England from 1500-1650 Alyson D. Alvarez University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the European History Commons, and the Women's History Commons Alvarez, Alyson D., "“Against the good Widdow no harme we doe know:” Examining Aristocratic and Gentry Widows’ Roles and Influence in England from 1500-1650" (2019). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 92. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/92 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. “AGAINST THE GOOD WIDDOW NO HARME WE DOE KNOW:” EXAMINING ARISTOCRATIC AND GENTRY WIDOWS’ ROLES AND INFLUNCE IN ENGLAND FROM 1500-1650 by Alyson D. Alvarez A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: History (Women and Gender Studies) Under the Supervision of Professor Carole Levin Lincoln, Nebraska August 2019 “AGAINST THE GOOD WIDDOW NO HARME WE DOE KNOW:” EXAMINING ARISTOCRATIC AND GENTRY WIDOWS’ ROLES AND INFLUNCE IN ENGLAND FROM 1500-1650 Alyson D. Alvarez, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2019 Advisor: Carole Levin This dissertation explores how English aristocratic and gentry women utilized their widowhoods to actively craft their personal image as well as influence and alter their communities. Free from the common law principles of coverture, English widows gained new legal autonomy. Additionally, many affluent women received substantial inheritances at the deaths of their husbands thus providing them with the financial freedom. While widowhood offered English women new independence, it was also accompanied by a multitude of expectations. Sixteenth and seventeenth century authors and scholars developed and perpetuated specific conduct deemed appropriate for widows. The behaviors for created for widowed women contributed to their negative depiction in popular culture. Knowing the expectations and the popular representations of widows helps to better understand the opportunities and challenges these women encountered. Although widows remained burdened by numerous societal expectations and traditions these women challenged generalizations and demonstrated personal agency and capability. Women utilized their widowhoods to fashion their own identities and legacies by the commission of art and charitable endowments. In creating their own legacies through the patronage, philanthropy, and bequests widows actively contributed to their communities. iii Acknowledgments I sincerely hope in the future that I can help to guide and inspire in students in the same manner that I received during my time as a graduate student. From professors’ academic advice to the gentle words of encouragement from family and friends, this dissertation is a result of immeasurable support from many individuals. I am indebted to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and History Department for continually providing the opportunities for me to research and write. The University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s Othmer Fellowship allowed me to focus on my graduate courses as I began thinking about and preparing for this project. Additionally, The Marguerite C. and Clare McPhee Memorial Fellowship, awarded by UNL History Department, was instrumental in allowing me the time to complete this dissertation. The financial support and personal experience that I gained from my involvement with the Medieval and Renaissance Studies Program also played a significant role in my ability to work on this project. Completing this dissertation without my advisor, Carole Levin, would have been impossible. Dr. Levin’s constant optimism and encouragement has been immensely influential in my graduate career, as she worked endlessly to help me improve my scholarship. From the first day that I met Dr. Levin she has been more than just an attentive and generous mentor, she has also been a wonderful friend. I am very thankful to my committee Amy Burnett, James Coltrain, Jessica Coope, and Julia Schleck. They have not only guided me on this project, but have also graciously provided me the with their time and mentorship throughout my time as a graduate student. The knowledge and feedback that I have received during my time in their courses has been invaluable to my education. I wish that could adequately thank my friends and family for their never-ending encouragement. I owe many thanks to so many friends for taking time to discuss my ideas and work with me. I want to thank Catherine Medici-Thiemann and Courtney Herber for carefully reading my drafts. My parents, Angelo and Cindy Alvarez, not only provided unending support as I pursued my education, but modeled dedication and hard work. My sisters’ continual reassurance helped me as I sought to balance all aspects of iv my life. I am beyond grateful to my brother, whose memory inspired me to persevere during the long days. I could not dream of chasing my dreams without my husband, Daniel, and daughter, Josephine. I remain eternally grateful for Daniel’s steadfast faith in me. As I reflect on the time I took to complete this dissertation, I could not feel more blessed to have had the opportunity to work every day with my Josephine Ida by my side. v Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..1 Historiography………………………………………………………………....….5 Chapter 1: Expectations of Widows …………………………………...………….........17 Chapter 2: Representations of Widows ……………………………………………........46 Historiography of Literary widows……………………….……………………..47 Remarried Widows in Ballads ……………………………………………….….52 Cautionary Tales for Widows in Ballads……………………………………...…64 Chapter 3: Authority and Challenges of Widowhood…………………………………...76 Rights of Widows……………...………………………………………………...81 Fighting for Inheritance………………………………………………………….87 Problems with Male Kin ………………………………………………………...92 Widows Challenged by Sons……………………...……………………………..96 Chapter 4: Widows’ Patronage and Charity………………………………………...….106 Widows’ Patronage …………………………………………………………….107 Widows’ Charity………………………………………………………...……...116 Chapter 5: Widows’ Wills……………………………………………………………...130 Widows Awarding Heirs…………………………………...……………..........135 Widows Charitable Bequests………………………………………………..….140 Widows Helping the Poor………………………………………………………146 Widows Helping Women……………………………………………………….154 Chapter 6: Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….…160 Epilogue: Widows in North American British Colonies……………………………….165 vi Historiography of Early Colonial Women……………………………………...167 Widows in Massachusetts and Connecticut………………………………….…175 Widows in Virginia …………………………………………………………….180 Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………….184 1 Introduction In her 1619 will, Margaret Hawkins, widow of Sir John Hawkins, stated that £800 was to be given towards the maintenance of a free school in Keinton. Hawkins’ will also specified monetary gifts were to be awarded the poor of the parishes of Keinton, Amelly, Hereford, Debtford, Woodford, Chigwell, Essex, and S. Dunstan. Only after Hawkins stipulated how her money should be distributed for charitable causes, did she award any of her estate to specific members of her family.1 Margaret Hawkins’ donations are not unique from the endowments of other wealthy widows in England, as many of these women made efforts to continue supporting specific charities and individuals through their bequests. Hawkins’ will reveals that English widows were able to contribute to their communities through financial support. By closely examining the lives of widows like Margaret Hawkins we can better understand how early modern widows influenced their communities. English aristocratic and gentry widows, although burdened by numerous societal expectations and traditions, actively engaged and participated with their communities. Affluent women challenged negative generalizations concerning widows by demonstrating personal agency and capability during their widowhoods. English women utilized the legal and economic autonomy most women gained when they became widows to alter their personal, communal, intellectual, and religious surroundings through patronage and charity. This analysis explores how English widows defied expectations and stereotypes and actively fashioned their image and actively contributed to their communities. 1 Margaret Hawkins, 'Wills: James I (1603-25)', in Calendar of Wills Proved and Enrolled in the Court of Husting, London: Part 2, 1358-1688, ed. R R Sharpe (London, 1890), pp. 730-751 https://www.british- history.ac.uk/court-husting-wills/vol2/pp730-751. 2 Under the common law principles of coverture, when women married, they lost a number of their legal rights, as man and wife were viewed as one person, and that person was the husband.2 The concept and customs of coverture were legally solidified in statutes passed in the reign of King Henry VIII.3 As widows, women gained back their full legal status, which awarded them more legal autonomy. Under English common law, widows
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'All Wemen in Thar Degree Shuld to Thar Men Subiectit Be': the Controversial Court Career of Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness Of
    ‘All wemen in thar degree shuld to thar men subiectit be’: The controversial court career of Elisabeth Parr, marchioness of Northampton, c. 1547-1565 Helen Joanne Graham-Matheson, BA, MA. Thesis submitted to UCL for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Declaration I, Helen Joanne Graham-Matheson confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This thesis reconstructs and analyses the life and agency of Elisabeth Parr, marchioness of Northampton (1526-1565), with the aim of increasing understanding of women’s networks of influence and political engagement at the mid-Tudor courts, c. 1547- 1565. Analysis of Elisabeth’s life highlights that in the absence of a Queen consort the noblewomen of the Edwardian court maintained and utilized access to those in power and those with political significance and authority. During the reign of Mary Tudor, Elisabeth worked with her natal family to undermine Mary’s Queenship and support Elizabeth Tudor, particularly by providing her with foreign intelligence. At the Elizabethan court Elisabeth regained her title (lost under Mary I) and occupied a position as one of the Queen’s most trusted confidantes and influential associates. Her agency merited attention from ambassadors and noblemen as well as from the Emperor Maximilian and King Erik of Sweden, due to the significant role she played in several major contemporary events, such as Elizabeth’s early marriage negotiations. This research is interdisciplinary, incorporating early modern social, political and cultural historiographies, gender studies, social anthropology, sociology and the study of early modern literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Speakers of the House of Commons
    Parliamentary Information List BRIEFING PAPER 04637a 21 August 2015 Speakers of the House of Commons Speaker Date Constituency Notes Peter de Montfort 1258 − William Trussell 1327 − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Styled 'Procurator' Henry Beaumont 1332 (Mar) − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Sir Geoffrey Le Scrope 1332 (Sep) − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Probably Chief Justice. William Trussell 1340 − William Trussell 1343 − Appeared for the Commons alone. William de Thorpe 1347-1348 − Probably Chief Justice. Baron of the Exchequer, 1352. William de Shareshull 1351-1352 − Probably Chief Justice. Sir Henry Green 1361-1363¹ − Doubtful if he acted as Speaker. All of the above were Presiding Officers rather than Speakers Sir Peter de la Mare 1376 − Sir Thomas Hungerford 1377 (Jan-Mar) Wiltshire The first to be designated Speaker. Sir Peter de la Mare 1377 (Oct-Nov) Herefordshire Sir James Pickering 1378 (Oct-Nov) Westmorland Sir John Guildesborough 1380 Essex Sir Richard Waldegrave 1381-1382 Suffolk Sir James Pickering 1383-1390 Yorkshire During these years the records are defective and this Speaker's service might not have been unbroken. Sir John Bussy 1394-1398 Lincolnshire Beheaded 1399 Sir John Cheyne 1399 (Oct) Gloucestershire Resigned after only two days in office. John Dorewood 1399 (Oct-Nov) Essex Possibly the first lawyer to become Speaker. Sir Arnold Savage 1401(Jan-Mar) Kent Sir Henry Redford 1402 (Oct-Nov) Lincolnshire Sir Arnold Savage 1404 (Jan-Apr) Kent Sir William Sturmy 1404 (Oct-Nov) Devonshire Or Esturmy Sir John Tiptoft 1406 Huntingdonshire Created Baron Tiptoft, 1426.
    [Show full text]
  • Fra Sabba Da Castiglione: the Self-Fashioning of a Renaissance Knight Hospitaller”
    “Fra Sabba da Castiglione: The Self-Fashioning of a Renaissance Knight Hospitaller” by Ranieri Moore Cavaceppi B.A., University of Pennsylvania 1988 M.A., University of North Carolina 1996 Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Italian Studies at Brown University May 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Ranieri Moore Cavaceppi This dissertation by Ranieri Moore Cavaceppi is accepted in its present form by the Department of Italian Studies as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date Ronald L. Martinez, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date Evelyn Lincoln, Reader Date Ennio Rao, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Ranieri Moore Cavaceppi was born in Rome, Italy on October 11, 1965, and moved to Washington, DC at the age of ten. A Fulbright Fellow and a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, Ranieri received an M.A. in Italian literature from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1996, whereupon he began his doctoral studies at Brown University with an emphasis on medieval and Renaissance Italian literature. Returning home to Washington in the fall of 2000, Ranieri became the father of three children, commenced his dissertation research on Knights Hospitaller, and was appointed the primary full-time instructor at American University, acting as language coordinator for the Italian program. iv PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I deeply appreciate the generous help that I received from each member of my dissertation committee: my advisor Ronald Martinez took a keen interest in this project since its inception in 2004 and suggested many of its leading insights; my readers Evelyn Lincoln and Ennio Rao contributed numerous observations and suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • Nobility in Middle English Romance
    Nobility in Middle English Romance Marianne A. Fisher A dissertation submitted for the degree of PhD Cardiff University 2013 Summary of Thesis: Postgraduate Research Degrees Student ID Number: 0542351 Title: Miss Surname: Fisher First Names: Marianne Alice School: ENCAP Title of Degree: PhD (English Literature) Full Title of Thesis Nobility in Middle English Romance Student ID Number: 0542351 Summary of Thesis Medieval nobility was a compound and fluid concept, the complexity of which is clearly reflected in the Middle English romances. This dissertation examines fourteen short verse romances, grouped by story-type into three categories. They are: type 1: romances of lost heirs (Degaré, Chevelere Assigne, Sir Perceval of Galles, Lybeaus Desconus, and Octavian); type 2: romances about winning a bride (Floris and Blancheflour, The Erle of Tolous, Sir Eglamour of Artois, Sir Degrevant, and the Amis– Belisaunt plot from Amis and Amiloun); type 3: romances of impoverished knights (Amiloun’s story from Amis and Amiloun, Sir Isumbras, Sir Amadace, Sir Cleges, and Sir Launfal). The analysis is based on contextualized close reading, drawing on the theories of Pierre Bourdieu. The results show that Middle English romance has no standard criteria for defining nobility, but draws on the full range on contemporary opinion; understandings of nobility conflict both between and within texts. Ideological consistency is seldom a priority, and the genre apparently serves neither a single socio-political agenda, nor a single socio-political group. The dominant conception of nobility in each romance is determined by the story-type. Romance type 1 presents nobility as inherent in the blood, type 2 emphasizes prowess and force of will, and type 3 concentrates on virtue.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Titles of Nobility
    11/8/2020 Italian Titles of Nobility - A Concise, Accurate Guide to Nobiliary History, Tradition and Law in Italy until 1946 - Facts, no… Italian Titles of Nobility See also: Sicilian Heraldry & Nobility • Sicilian Genealogy • Books • Interview ©1997 – 2015 Louis Mendola Author's Note An article of this length can be little more than a precis. Apart from the presentation of the simplest facts, the author's intent is to provide accurate information, avoiding the bizarre ideas that color the study of the aristocracy. At best, this web page is a ready reference that offers a quick overview and a very concise bibliography; it is intended as nothing more. This page is published for the benefit of the historian, genealogist, heraldist, researcher or journalist – and all scientific freethinkers – in search of an objective, unbiased summary that does not seek (or presume) to insult their knowledge, intelligence or integrity. The study of the nobility and heraldry simply cannot exist without a sound basis in genealogical science. Genealogy is the only means of demonstrating familial lineage (ancestry), be it proven through documentation or DNA, be it aristocratic or humble. At 300 pages, the book Sicilian Genealogy and Heraldry considers the subject in far greater detail over several chapters, and while its chief focus is the Kingdom of Sicily, it takes into account the Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946) as well. That book includes chapters dedicated to, among other things, historiography, feudal law and proof standards. Like this web page, the book (you can peruse the table of contents, index and a few pages on Amazon's site) is the kind of reference and guide the author wishes were available when he began to study these fields seriously over thirty years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • GIPE-001848-Contents.Pdf
    Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library III~III~~ mlll~~ I~IIIIIIII~IIIU GlPE-PUNE-OO 1848 CONSTITUTION AL HISTORY OF ENGLAND STUBBS 1Lonbon HENRY FROWDE OXFORD tTNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN CORNEl!. THE CONSTITUTIONAL mSTORY OF ENGLAND IN ITS ORIGIN AND DEtrLOP~'r BY WILLIAM STUBBS, D.D., BON. LL.D. BISHOP OF CHESTER VOL. III THIRD EDITIOlY @d.orlt AT Tag CLARENDON PRESS J( Deco LXXXIV [ A II rig"'" reserved. ] V'S;LM3 r~ 7. 3 /fyfS CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVIII. LANCASTER AND YORK. 299. Character of the period, p. 3. 300. Plan of the chapter, p. 5. 301. The Revolution of 1399, p. 6. 302. Formal recognition of the new Dynasty, p. 10. 303. Parliament of 1399, p. 15. 304. Conspiracy of the Earls, p. 26. 805. Beginning af difficulties, p. 37. 306. Parliament of 1401, p. 29. 807. Financial and poli­ tical difficulties, p. 35. 308. Parliament of 1402, 'p. 37. 309. Rebellion of Hotspur, p. 39. 310. Parliament of 14°40 P.42. 311. The Unlearned Parliament, P.47. 312. Rebellion of Northum­ berland, p. 49. 813. The Long Parliament of 1406, p. 54. 314. Parties fonned at Court, p. 59. 315. Parliament at Gloucester, 14°7, p. 61. 816. Arundel's administration, p. 63. 317. Parlia­ mont of 1410, p. 65. 318. Administration of Thomae Beaufort, p. 67. 319. Parliament of 14II, p. 68. 820. Death of Henry IV, p. 71. 821. Character of H'!I'l'Y. V, p. 74. 322. Change of ministers, p. 78. 823. Parliament of 1413, p. 79. 324. Sir John Oldcastle, p. 80. 325.
    [Show full text]
  • THE Curious Case of Lady Purbeck Is Here Pre S Sented Without Embelli Hment, Much As It Has Been F Old Ound in Old Books and Manuscripts, Chiefly at The
    THE CURIO US CASE O F LADY P URBEC K Y H THOR B T E SAME A U . ROCHESTER AND O THER LITERARY RAK ES OF H i some Account T E CO URT O F CHARLES II . W th of their u oun n . ith Po t a ts . 8vo 1 65 . gs W x i , S rr di _ 5 r r LK L N it 8 Po a ts and other I ust a ons . FA A DS. W h rtr i ll r ti 8vo mu. d , 6 . TH BY t I ust a E LIFE O F SIR K ENELM DIG . Wi h 7 ll r t ons . 8vo 16s . i , C L PEN AND PO N OR BENVENUTO HISE , IG ARD ; , Wltb CELLINI HI S IMES AND HIS CONTEMPO IES . , T RAR 1 I C v 5 ust at ons own 8 o . 9 ll r i . r , 5 Y N M N P V P P chiefl of the PR I GS A O G RI ATE A ERS, y even en t a tee Cen u ies 8v 5 d e e nd E nt . o . 6 . n t S t h igh h t r , 7 . THE F EN ADVENTURES O F K ING J AMES II . O G L N . t 2 Po t a s and ot e I ust ation s 8vo A D Wi h 7 r r it h r ll r , s d n 13 . 6 . et. M H TUR NN an Int o uct on b Br ad e ARS AL E E.
    [Show full text]
  • Bryan Family History
    BRIANIANA A BIOGRAPHICAL PEDIGREE BY EDWARD A. BRYAN About the middle of the sixteenth century, Sir Francis Bryan, Knight, rendered his government a rather curious service. In 1548 James Butler, ninth Earl of Ormonde, an Irish noble, whose powerful influence was obnoxious to the government at Dublin, died in London of poison. Thereupon his widow, Joan, daughter and heiress of James Fitz-Gerald, tenth Earl of Desmond, sought to marry her relative, Gerald Fitz-Gerald, heir of the fifteenth Earl of Desmond. To prevent this marriage, which would have united the leading representatives of the two chief Irish noble houses, Sir Francis was induced to prefer a suit to the lady himself. In 1548 he married the widowed countess, was shortly nominated Lord Marshal of Ireland, and arrived in Dublin with his wife in November 1548. This marriage united the scions of two royal houses, the one English, the other, Irish. Sir Francis Bryan was the son of Sir Thomas Bryan and Margaret, daughter of Sir Humphrey Bourchier, and sister of John Bourchier, Lord Berners. Sir Thomas Bryan was Knighted by Henry VII in 1497, was "knight of the body" at the opening of Henry VIII’s reign, and served repeatedly on the commission of the peace of Buckinghamshire, where the family property was settled. Sir Francis’ grandfather, Sir Thomas Bryan, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1471 until his death in 1500, is believed to have been a descendant of Sir Guy de Bryan on Walwyn’s Castle, County Pembroke, and Tor Brian, Devon. Sir Guy was summoned to Parliament in 1350 by Edward III, whereby he was held to have become Lord Bryan.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Elizabethan Women Correspondence of Joan and Maria Thynne 1575-1611
    %iltalJir2 imzturh éutietp (formerly the Records Branch of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society) VOLUME XXXVIII FOR THE YEAR 1982 THIS VOLUME IS PUBLISHED WITH THE HELP OF A GRANT FROM THE LATE MISS ISOBEL THORNLEY'S BEQUEST TO THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Impression of 450 copies TWO ELIZABETHAN WOMEN CORRESPONDENCE OF JOAN AND MARIA THYNNE 1575-1611 EDITED BY ALISON D. WALL DEVIZES 1983 © Wiltshire Record Society ISBN: 0 901333 15 8 Set in Times New Roman 10/1 lpt. PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY J. G. FENN LTD. (Print Division) STOKE-ON-TRENT STAFFS. CONTENTS Frontispiece P4895 ii. vi Ralph Bernard Pugh ix Preface xi Abbreviations xiii List of Frequently Mentioned Persons xv INTRODUCTION Joan Hayward and the Thynne Marriage xvii Expansion to Caus Castle xxii A Secret Marriage xxv The Documents and Editorial Method xxxii THE LETTERS, nos. 1 to 68 I APPENDIX Other Relevant Letters, nos. 69 to 75 54 Joan Thynne’s Will, no. 76 61 INDEX OF PERSONS AND PLACES 63 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 70 List of Members 72 Publications of the Society 78 RALPH BERNARD PUGH Ralph Bernard Pugh, President of the Wiltshire Record Society, died on 3rd December 1982. Ralph Pugh was the principal founder of the Records Branch of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, which in 1967 became the Wiltshire Record Society. Editing the first volume himself he remained general editor and honorary secretary of the Branch until 1953. From that date until his death he was continuously Chairman of the Branch, and President of the Society. Three further volumes were edited by himself, and in every other one he took a close personal interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Court Chivalry and Politics: Nominations and Elections to the Order of the Garter: 1461-83
    COURT CHIVALRY AND POLITICS: NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS TO THE ORDER OF THE GARTER: 1461-83 A Ph.D. Dissertation By T. Tolga GUMUS THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA APRIL 2007 To Ekrem, Taskin, Ovgu and Orkun COURT CHIVALRY AND POLITICS: NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS TO THE ORDER OF THE GARTER: 1461-83 The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University By T. Tolga GUMUS In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA APRIL 2007 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. --------------------------------- Assist. Prof. David E. Thornton Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. --------------------------------- Assist. Prof. Paul Latimer Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. --------------------------------- Assist. Prof. Edward Kohn Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. --------------------------------- Assist. Prof. Julian Bennett Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History.
    [Show full text]
  • Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate from the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty
    Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate From the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty By Jessica J. Stephens A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor David Potter, chair Professor Bruce W. Frier Professor Richard Janko Professor Nicola Terrenato [Type text] [Type text] © Jessica J. Stephens 2016 Dedication To those of us who do not hesitate to take the long and winding road, who are stars in someone else’s sky, and who walk the hillside in the sweet summer sun. ii [Type text] [Type text] Acknowledgements I owe my deep gratitude to many people whose intellectual, emotional, and financial support made my journey possible. Without Dr. T., Eric, Jay, and Maryanne, my academic career would have never begun and I will forever be grateful for the opportunities they gave me. At Michigan, guidance in negotiating the administrative side of the PhD given by Kathleen and Michelle has been invaluable, and I have treasured the conversations I have had with them and Terre, Diana, and Molly about gardening and travelling. The network of gardeners at Project Grow has provided me with hundreds of hours of joy and a respite from the stress of the academy. I owe many thanks to my fellow graduate students, not only for attending the brown bags and Three Field Talks I gave that helped shape this project, but also for their astute feedback, wonderful camaraderie, and constant support over our many years together. Due particular recognition for reading chapters, lengthy discussions, office friendships, and hours of good company are the following: Michael McOsker, Karen Acton, Beth Platte, Trevor Kilgore, Patrick Parker, Anna Whittington, Gene Cassedy, Ryan Hughes, Ananda Burra, Tim Hart, Matt Naglak, Garrett Ryan, and Ellen Cole Lee.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms. Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan
    7 0 -m -,1 1 9 WILLIS, Craig Dean, 1935- THE TUDORS AND THEIR TUTORS: A STUDY OF SIXTEENTH CENTURY ROYAL EDUCATION IN BRITAIN. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1969 Education, history University Microfilms. Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by Craig Dean W illis 1970 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE TUDORS AND THEIR- TUTORS: A STUDY OF SIXTEENTH CENTURY ROYAL EDUCATION IN BRITAIN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University SY Craig Dean W illis, B.A., M.A. IHt- -tttt -H-H- The Ohio State U niversity 1969 Adviser t School of Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To Dr. Robert B. Sutton, my major adviser, I owe a major debt of gratitude for his guidance, encouragement, and scholarly qualifies* I also wish to thank the members of the reading committee for their contribution; and in particular, I want to express appreciation to Dr. Richard J. Frankie and the late Dr. Earl Anderson for their professional and meaningful assistance. It is appropriate to thank the administrative officers at Ohio Wesleyan University for their encouragement and willingness to let me arrange my work around my graduate studies. Persons of particular help were Dr, Allan C. Ingraham, Dr. Elden T. Smith, Dr. Emerson C. Shuck, and Dr. Robert P. Lisensky. My family has been of invaluable assistance to me, and it is to them that I dedicate the study of the education of the Tudor family. My parents, J. Russell and Glenna A. W illis, have helped in many ways, both overt and subtle.
    [Show full text]