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Fauna Acompanhante: Um Universo Químico a Ser Explorado

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Fauna Acompanhante: Um Universo Químico a Ser Explorado UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Instituto de Química - Campus Araraquara Marcelo Marucci Pereira Tangerina Fauna Acompanhante: Um Universo Químico a Ser Explorado Tese de Doutorado apresentada como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Química. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wagner Vilegas Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wagner C. Valenti Araraquara 2016 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Tangerina, Marcelo Marucci Pereira T164b By-catch: a chemical universe to be explored = Fauna acompanhante um universo químico a ser explorado / Marcelo Marucci Pereira Tangerina. – Araraquara: [s.n.], 2016 122 p.: il. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química Orientador: Wagner Vilegas Coorientador: Wagner Cotroni Valenti 1. Fauna marinha. 2. Produtos naturais. 3. Invertebrados marinhos. 4. Bactérias. 5. Actinobactéria. I. Título. Elaboração: Seção Técnica de Aquisição e Tratamento da Informação Biblioteca do Instituto de Química, Unesp, câmpus de Araraquara SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Institute of Chemistry - Campus Araraquara Marcelo Marucci Pereira Tangerina By-catch: A Chemical Universe To Be Explored Doctoral Thesis presented as part of the requirements for obtaining the title of Doctor in Chemistry. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Wagner Vilegas Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Wagner C. Valenti Araraquara 2016 Dados Curriculares Dados Pessoais Nome: Marcelo Marucci Pereira Tangerina Endereço Profissional: 1) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Laboratório de Fitoquímica Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55. Jd. Quitandinha, CEP: 14800-900 – Araraquara – SP. Telefone: 16 3301-9792 2) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n. Parque Bitaru CEP: 11330-900 – São Vicente – SP. Telefone: 13 3569-7169 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Formação Acadêmica Graduação Bacharelado Instituição: Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Instituto de Química, Campus Araraquara Local: Araraquara - SP Curso: Bacharelado em Química com Atribuições Tecnológicas Período: 2006-2009 Trabalho Orientado em Química – Departamento de Química Inorgânica: - Investigação de Compostos de Ni(II) Coordenado a Diaminas e Pseudohaletos – Bolsista CNPq - Investigação de compostos de Ni(II) coordenado a azida e aminoalcoois como precursores de filmes metálicos – Bolsista FAPESP Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Vânia Martins Nogueira Pós Graduação Mestrado Instituição: Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Campus Araraquara Local: Araraquara - SP Período: 2010-2011 Bolsista: FAPESP – Processo no. 2010/04077-0 Título da Dissertação: Extratos Padronizados para o Tratamento de Doenças Crônicas: Machaerium hirtum Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wagner Vilegas Co-Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Miriam Sannomiya Doutorado Instituição: Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Campus Araraquara Local: Araraquara – SP/ São Vicente – SP Período: 2012-2016 Bolsista: FAPESP – Processo no. 2011/23159-0 Título da Tese: Fauna Acompanhante: Um Universo Químico a Ser Explorado Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wagner Vilegas Co-Orientador: Prof.ª Dr.ª Wagner C. Valenti Estágio em Instituição de Ensino no Exterior: 1) Instituição: University of Regensburg – UR Local: Regensburg, Alemanha Período: Agosto/2013 – Dezembro/2013 Bolsista: CAPES Projeto: Diversidade e ecologia de caranguejos de manguezal do sudeste do Brasil exemplificado pelas comparações genéticas, morfológicas, etológicas, fisiológicas e ecotoxicológicas de duas espécies intimamente relacionadas de caranguejos violinistas. Orientador no Exterior: Prof. Dr. Christoph D. Schubart Orientador no Brasil: Prof.a Dr.a Tânia Márcia Costa 2) Instituição: University of Prince Edward Island – UPEI Local: Charlottetown, PE, Canadá Período: Julho/2014 – Março/2015 Bolsista: FAPESP (BEPE – Processo no. 2014/08787-2) Projeto: Fauna Acompanhante: Um universo Químico a Ser Explorado Trabalho realizado: Isolamento de bactérias marinhas e bioprospecção das mesmas Orientador no Exterior: Prof. Dr. Russell G. Kerr Orientador no Brasil: Prof. Dr. Wagner Vilegas “Aos meus pais que sempre me apoiaram em todas as decisões que tomei até aqui e à toda minha família, dedico este trabalho.” Agradecimentos Agradeço aos meus pais, minha avó e meu irmão por ser quem são, pessoas excepcionais que sempre me apoiaram, compartilharam minhas alegrias, minhas angústias e se fizeram presentes por todo caminho que trilhei. Ao meu orientador, Wagner Vilegas, que formou o profissional que sou hoje. Sempre será meu orientador, o qual respeito muito, mas considero também um grande amigo que ganhei durante minha pós-graduação e hoje tenho em grande estima. Aos meus colegas e amigos do laboratório Claudinha, Douglas, Polly, Mayara, Marcelo, Julia, Lucas, Luiza, Nis, pela ajuda no laboratório, conversas informais, desabafos, cafés e todas as confraternizações. Aos meus grandes amigos que conheço desde minha graduação Jerso, Miguel, Glauco, Mari e Fabi pelas risadas e amizade verdadeira. Ao bando de biólogos que conheci durante o período no Campus de São Vicente da UNESP, Pri, Kiwi, Tixa, Dona, Shan, Ana, Cala, Bartira, Vem, Fer e a tantos outros aqui não citados. Aos professores da UNESP de São Vicente, Wagner C. Valenti e Tânia Márcia Costa e à professora do Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Lourdes Campaner pelas oportunidades e ótimo convívio. Ao Prof. Russell Kerr pela oportunidade de estágio em seu laboratório na University of Prince Edward Island – Canada e a todos que me ajudaram, em especial Hebelin, Brad e Fabrice. À Rede SAO-MAR/CNPq. À Capes pelo financiamento do estágio no exterior na Alemanha. À FAPESP pelas bolsas concedidas no país (Processo no. 2011/23159-0) e no exterior (BEPE - Processo no. 2014/08787-2). “It must be a strange world not being a scientist, going through life not knowing – or maybe not caring about where the air came from, where the stars at night came from or how far they are from us. I Want To Know.” - Michio Kaku Resumo Expandido O desperdício de recursos provenientes da biodiversidade é enorme no Brasil e no mundo. A grande variedade de organismos marinhos (algas, moluscos, esponjas, corais, etc) que são pescados em conjunto com peixes e camarões, chamada de fauna acompanhante, é completamente ignorada como fonte de novas substâncias. Devido ao baixo valor agregado, os pescadores os desprezam, pois não são comercializáveis como alimento. A pesca de camarões é uma das mais impactantes aos ecossistemas marinhos: o uso de sistemas de arrasto do fundo marinho provoca a destruição de todo a região onde ele é empregado, capturando até 21 kg de fauna acompanhante/kg de camarão. Diversas substâncias encontradas em organismos marinhos são extensamente aplicadas em diversas áreas para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da humanidade, incluindo a área de alimentos, de geração de energia e medicamentos. Tendo em vista esse quadro, este projeto visou o estudo químico de espécies da fauna acompanhante da pesca do camarão no litoral paulista, visando obter substâncias de potencial interesse econômico, que possam aumentar o valor agregado desse material desperdiçado. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram realizados três arrastos de fundo nas regiões de Ubatuba, Guarujá e Itanhaém, no estado de São Paulo, juntamente aos pescadores camaroeiros locais. O material coletado foi levado ao Campus de São Vicente da UNESP, onde foi triado e as espécies coletadas devidamente identificadas. Um total de 23 taxa de invertebrados (entre crustáceos, moluscos, cnidários e equinodermos), 07 elasmobrânquios (peixes cartilaginosos) e 64 peixes ósseos foram identificados, sendo os invertebrados identificados pela Prof.a Dr.a Tânia M. Costa, e os vertebrados pelos Prof. Dr. Otto Gadig (elasmobrânquios) e Prof. Dr. Teodoro Vasquez (peixes ósseos), docentes da UNESP/CLP. Esta parte do trabalho gerou o artigo intitulado “Biological and preliminary chemical characterization of the by-catch of the shrimp fishery from the São Paulo State coast, Brazil”, submetido ao periódico Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research Os peixes ósseos e os elasmobrânquios, por não ser foco do trabalho, não foram avaliados quimicamente. Quanto aos invertebrados, apesar de uma grande variedade de espécies, a primeira dificuldade encontrada foi a quantidade de indivíduos coletados por espécie. Assim, a maioria dos invertebrados coletados não apresentou massa suficiente para estudos aprofundados de composição química. Dentre as espécies de invertebrados que apresentaram uma maior quantidade de material, foram estudadas as águas-vivas Olindia sambaquiensis, Chrysaora lactea e Chiropsalmus quadrumanus, os gastrópodes Olivancillaria urceus e Buccinanops cochlidium, os cefalópodes Lolliguncula brevis e Dorytheutis plei e o equinodermo Luidia senegalensis. Entretanto, excetuando a espécie de equinodermo, as demais apresentaram apenas metabólitos primários nos estudos realizados. O estudo de L. senegalensis foi possível por meio de espectrometria de massas uma vez que não foi capturado um número elevado de indivíduos. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma combinação de extração em fase sólida (SPE) seguida de cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência acoplada a um espectrômetro
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