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UNI1'ED STATE3 DPAflTMENT OP AGRICULTURE C. FORLST 3VICEJ NORTH-PACIPJC REGiON l937. COL(1M8/A GOQGE AS' roLl. SI/DO RI VE R TOLL SQ/DOE BONE! VILLa 4449 BONNEVILLE EAGLE CR. CAMP CASCADE LOCKS MVLTNOMAH FALLS P OIkTLAND EZt4' $0 1ROUTDALE CROWN POINT PAR/cD.AL P.S UT. HOOD P.O. 0RIBHAM ELeV .ZS LI17 WU ASS. Zak. MT HOOD LODGE 0 5(0mw/A,, oP C000f4 500W .4000 CLOY. OS/C SANDY ELEY 107$ BRIGHT WOOD , OCLOUD CAP INN 4000 ZIoZA' RHODODENDRON .q.s. MT.HOOD'' FhIY 1Il5 " TIMBE.Q HORSE THIEF MDWS.jtg,353, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRtCULTURE FOREST SERVICE \ SOVEIINMENI CAMPFLEYnO JIlS " ''4f'IOO LINE LODGE -AMA.HOOD RIvEm MOWS. 555(44W, PASS F:v4gs' PA S EL,v4$ao MOUNT HOOD LOOP HIGHWAY MT. HOOD NAT'L. FOREST ORE1 ON SWIM poor TO MNO BARLOW PASSWHIlE RIVER" "0 EIEV 42iS EAST!RN OREGON Mr MCOZI4 N4TO,YAL S:,Lt FM ,W,tfl0 0 IIrcqzSr av /4 fl HISTORICAL STATISTICS
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
The Fundamental Act of March 3, 1891, establishing the present systemof National Forests was quickly followed by withdrawals and proclamationson the part of President ]3enjaxnin Harrison andPresidentGrover Cleveland, which actually designated certain tracts of land. for carrying out the provisions of the Act.
The first of these National Forests in Oregon was the Bull Run, which was the forerunnerof the present Mount Hood National Forest, i.e.
Bull Run Timberland Reserve - - - -June 17, 1892 Cascade Range Forest Reserve- September 28, 1893
President Theodore Roosevelt renamed a part of the :Cascade Reserve the Oregon National Forest on July 1, .1.908. President Calvin Coolidge renamed a part of the Oregon Naional Forest the Mount Hood National Forest on January 21, 1924.
AREA OF ThE NOtJNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
Gross Area - - 1,183,814 Acres Privately Owned Land - - - 84,499 Acres Net National Forest Area - 1,099,315 Acres MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST ORGMTIZATION
Position - No. flnployees
Permanent Organization -
Forest Supervisor i
Assistant Forest Supervisor 1
Forest Supervisor's Staff Assistants:
Superintendent of Construction 1
Timber Sales 2
Recreation 2
Administrative Assistant 1
Forest Rangers in Charge of Districts 6
Assistant Forest Rangers 1
Forest Clerks 4
TOTAL 19
Temporary Organization -
Forest Fire Guards 90
Administrative Guards 10
Improvements:
Civilian Conservation Corps 290
Emergency Relief Workers 130
Other Improvement
TOTAL 570
Average Size of Forest Ranger District 249,223 acres
Average Area per Protection Guard 16,615 acres (
MOUNT HOOD FROM LOST LAKE Mount Hood was named by Lieut. William R. Broughton of the British Navy in honor of his patron, Rear Admiral Sir Samuel Hood- It was christened Mount Hood on October 20, 1792, while the British and Spanish were exploring the NorthPacific coun- try f or the purpose of making a boundarysettlement. Lost Lake is one of several lakes on theMount Hood National Forest which is viewed from the Oregon SkylineTrail. The lake is noted as a camping spot and for itsfishing. USE OF TI RESOURCES
of the
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FORES'T
** *
All the resources of the Mount Hood Na- tional forest,--timber, recreation, water for irrigation and power, wild life and grass,are managed under a multiple use plan which coor- dinates and. systematizes theutilization of each resource so that the entire forest con- tributes most equitablyto the social and economic welfare of local coiunities, the State and the Nation. WATERS PROTECTION MID DOMESTIC WATER SUi-t'LY
WITHIN TIlE
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
Over384,800 people, using more thanthree million gallons of water per day, comprisingthe population of the cities of Portland, Oregon City, Cascade Locks, The Dalles, Gladstone, Gresham, Dufur, Corbett and Rhododendron, drink waterfrom streams rising within the Mount Hood National Forest.
The Bull Run Watershed, embracing 141,000 acres, has a potential supply of waterfor a future Portland of more than one million people.
Bull Run water is bottled and sold for domesticand office use in many Pacific Coast cities otherthan Port- land, for whose use this area is protected bythe Forest Service in cooperation with the City of Portland.
WATERSHEDS ON TIlE MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST DEDICATED BY SPECIAL ACT OF CONGRESS OR ORDER OF TIlE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
Watershed City Furnished Population
Bull Run Portland and suburbs 369,728
Oregon City Oregon City 5,761
The Dalles The Dallès 5,883
Dui'ur Dufur
Miscellaneous Cascade Locks, Small Areas Rhododendron, etc. 3,047 WATER USE
MOU1T HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
BULL RUN LAKE SOURCE OF PORTLA1'D WATER SUPPLY WATER USE
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
WATER SUPPLY OF CITY OF PORTJAND
BEAR CREEK DAM & RESERVOIR ON BULL RUN RIVER WATER FOR IRRIGATION
FROM TEE
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
Providing homes and industry for 7335 persons living on 1771 farms covering 40,469 acres, water from streams andlakes within the Mount Hood National Forest is carried through pipes and ditches to lands adjacent to the Forest boundary.
This use of water for irrigation pur- poses is carried on in cooperation with 1oze1 associations of farmers,State projects and other Federal Bureaus. WATER USE MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
ORCHARD IRRIGATION T PERPETUAL SNOWS OF MOUNT ROOD ASSURE GOOD CROPS IN THE HOOD RIVER VALLEY WATER POWER
WITkLu THE
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
Power for industry - light for the hundreds of thousands of persons living within the shadow of Mount Hood.
The electric powercompanies using hydraulic energy whose source is within the Mount Hood National Forest develop a total of 90,825 KW and supply electri- city for light, cooking, and water heatingto 60,513 homes.
HYDRAULIC POWER PL?NTS WITHIN THE
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
Three Links 38,000 KW 25,300 Homes
HYDRAULIC POWER PLANTS USING
WATER WHOSE SOURCE IS ON THE
MOUNT HOOD NATIONALFOREST
Cazadero 15,250 KW 10,150 Homes Bull Run 21,000 XW 14,000 " River Mill 14,050 104 9,380 " Tygh Valley 2,250 KW 1,500 Cascade Locks 275 KW 183 "
The Three Links Plant on theCluckemas River is the largest power development in the State of Oregon at the present time (1937).
Tfl' HANAGENT
on the
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
Timber Types
Approximately 86 per cent of the timber withinthe Mount Hood National Forestlies in the timber types conmion to the west slope of the Cascade Range. The remainder is in the pine and other types prevalent in eastern Oregon.
Volume
The total estimated volumein board feet by species is:
Douglas fir 12,446,000,000 Hemlock 4,876,000,000 Noble and silver fir 2,550,000,000 Ponderosa pine 953,000,000 Other 1,531,000,000 TOTAL, 22,356,000,000
Utilization of Timber Resource
Due to the fact that privately owned stands of timber are largely more accessible to market than those found on the Mount Hood National Forest, cuttingto date within theForest has been limited in amount. The total volume of timber cut within the past ten-year periodamounted to128,840,000 board feet, with a stumpage value of $l69,Ol8.00.
Future Production and Economic Effects
With the rapiddepletion ofprivately owned timber the demand for Mount Hood National Forest timber will increase, and within a reasonably short time production should reach that allowable under sustained yield management. When the maximum production has been reached,the annual cut end economic effects will approximate the following:
Annual cut in board feet 200,000,000 Number of men employed 1,987* Number of direct dependents supported 2, 633* Number of persons indirectly supported 7,120* Total number of persons supported 11,740
*Fjg.es based on assumption that 1/3 of total production will be utilized as pulp. Further refinement in manufacture would increase all figures. TIMBER MANAGINT
on the
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
Timber Types
Approximately 86 per cent of the timber within the Mount Hood National Forest lies in the tiinber typescommon to the west slope of the Cascade Range. The remainder is in the pine and other types prevalent in eastern Oregon.
Volume
The total estimated volume in board feet by species is:
Douglas fir 12,446,000,000 Hemlock 4,876,000,000 Noble and silver fir 2,550,000,000 Ponderosa pine 953,000,000 Other 1,531,000,000 TOTAL, 22,356,000,000
Utilization of Timber Resource
Due to the fact that privately ovnied stands of timber are largely more accessible to market than those found on the Mount Hood National Forest, cuttingto date within theForest has been limited in amount. The total volume of timber cut within the past ten-year period amounted to128,840,000 board feet, with a stumpage value ofl69,Ol8.00.
Future Production and Economic Effects
With the rapiddepletion ofprivately owned timber the derand for Mount Hood National Forest timber will increase, and within ,areasonably short time production should reach that allowable under sustained yield management. Whenthe maximum production has been reached,the annual cut and economic effects will approximate the following:
Annual cut in board feet 200,000,000 Number of men employed 1,987* Number of direct dependents supported 2,633* Number of persons indirectly supported 7,120* Total number of persons supported 11,740
*F1g.es based on assumption that 1/3 of total production will be utilized as pulp. Further refinement in manufacture would increase all figures. The estimated return to the Government from stuinpage sales, based on a conservative assumption of future values, at the time of full Droduction will amount to in excessof $400,000.00, of which 25 per cent, or $100,000.00will bepaid to the counties within which the Forest lies.
Total market value, or value to Society, of the annual sus- tained yield cut, depending on per cent of cut going into various products, will vary from $8,000,000.00 to $10,000,000.00.
Planted Areas
A total of 6,925 acres has beenplanted on the NountHood National Forest. Of this, 2,797 acres were onold burns which had failed to reforest and 4,128 acres were formerly private land cut over and afterward acquired by the United States. These areas were planted with an average of 650 trees per acre,almost entire- ly Douglas fir, and now have a very satisfactorystand of trees ranging from3 feet to 30 feet in height. TIMBER MANAGENT MOuNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
TYPICAL WEST SIDE DOUGLAS FIR, EELUOCK AND CEDAR STAND OF TIER
TEN YEAR OLD PLANTATION OF DOUGLAS FIR ON AN AREA DENUDED BY FIRE TIMEER MANAGEMENT MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
A VIRGIN STAND OF PONDEROSA PINE WITH ABUNDANT REPRODUCTION ALREADY ON THE GROUND WHICH WILL CREATE ni NEW FOREST WHEN THE OLD TREES ARE REMOVED
.4- -.--'- -- c
- --
YOUNG DOUGLAS FIRON A LOGGED-OFF AREA WHICH ELE CO FROM TEEGROUP OF SEED TREESIN THE BACKGROUND LEFT UNCUT FOR TEE PURPOSE OF RESTOCKING THE AREA. TIMBER MLNPGENT MOIJU HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
DOUGLAS FIR PLANTATION SHOWING CONTRAST BETWEEN PLANTED AND NON-PLANTED LAND.
NATURAL REPRODUCTIONOFDOUGLASFIRFOLLOWING LOGGING. TIMBER MANAGENT MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
SELECTIVE LOGGING AREA IN PONDEROSA PINE, SHOWING POR- TION OF ORIGINAL STAND LEFT FOR FUTURE CUTTING AND FOR RE- SEEDING, AND LOGGING DEBRIS INPILES FOR BURNING TO DECREASE TI FIRE HAZARD. RANGE MANAGT
INT}IE
MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
In the more open grown timber stands, particularly in the ponderosa or yellow pine type, on the east slopeof the Cascade Range within the Mount Hood National Forest, a valuable understory of nutritious herbaceous and shrubby vegetation isfound. This understory vegetationcomprises the all important food plants for both big game animals and domestic livestock. Proper management of this renewableannual crop offorage in such manneras to insure sustained productivity and to contribute most to community welfare is an important activityon the MountHood National Forest.
Therange livestock industryin the counties adjacent to this forest to the east contributes about 20% of the gross agri- cultural income in the region. Summer range, which is essential to the profitable operationof this important industry and which often constitutes the limiting factor, is furnished to the depend- ent areas in large measure onNationalForest land. General shortage of suitable summer range in the State as a whole empha- sizes the importance of the National Forest ranges where lush, succulentforage is available during mid-summer. About 2,000 cattleand 20,000 sheep from the dependent livestock communities ob±ain summer pasturage on the Mount Hood National Forest.
Otherforest uses are safeguardedby the applicationof management practices designed to provide, first of all, for such conservative use of forageas will insureagainst impairment of productivityof the forage crop, soil erosion and water losses. Where necessary, closures are made in the interests of timber, watersheds, recreational use andwildlife. Management of the rangeon the Mount Hood National Forest has demonstrated that grazing use, where properly planned and regulated, is compatible with the continued enjoyment of other forest uses. Adherence to the principle of givingpreferenceto the type or typesof use productive of the largest social benefit has prevented individual monopolizationof key areas and has resulted in balanced types of develoent and use. RANGE MANAGNT
MOIJNTHOOD NATIONAL FOREST
MID S1JWAER CATTLE GRAZING WILDLIYE
WITHIN
MOUNT hOOD NATIONALFOREST
The Mount Hood National Forest provides anideal habitat, food and covert, for a wide variety of wildlife. Here intheir native haunts may be observedseveral species of big game ani- mals including Columbia blacktail deer, whitetail, mule deer, Roosevelt elk, andblack bear. The large predators such as cougar, wildcat or lynx, timber wolf and coyote are present in considerable numbers. Valuablefur bearers, although depleted in numbers by heavy trapping during the past half century, are represented -by such species as red fox, marten, mink, badger, weasel or ermine, otter, skunk, raccoon and muskrat. This rein- nant of an originally largefur bearing animalpopulation is being conserved and gradually built up by regulation of trapping.
The earliest settlers in the Pacific Northwest were attra- ed by the lucrative returns from the fur trade. In the feverish rush and mad scramble typical of those times, the beaver, because of his highly prized pelt,was very nearlyexterminated. This valuable little animalS, so important in our mountains because of hisdam building andwater storage activities, which regulate and conservestrearnflow andcontrol erosion, has in the past several years been re-established in many areas where many years ago the originalpopulation hadbeen destroyed. Federal and State agencies haveunitedin aprogran oflivetrapping and transplanting beaver into areas where once more these resource- ful little engineers can perform, unmolested, theirbeneficial conservation and soil buildingactivities. Several thriving beaver colonfes are established on the Mount Hood National Forest These are protected at all times and are usedas a nucleus from which to draw transplanting stock.
Trout fishingin the mountain streams and lakes is excel- lent. Thousands of recreationalvisitorsannually enjoy this sport. Stream and lake improvement work designed to remove bar- riers to migrating fish and to improve natural spawthg conditions has been performed by qualified technicians. Artificial stocking of nearly one million fry and fingerlings in cooperation with the State ispart of theprogram of maintaininggood fishing- conditions.
A balanced wildlife population, such as is being develo-oed on the Mount Hood National Forest, where naturalconditions are favorable andnumbers are increasing, is of great economic and social value in promoting the fullestenjoyment and profit in meetinglocal and regional needs for hunting, fishing, andaes- thetic opportunities. Forest lands because of their abilityto supply the prime essentials needed for wildlifeproduction, the habitat or home and foods are of first importance in contributing to this public need. WILD LIFE MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
A BEAVER HO
FAVN, COLULA BLACK TAIL MOST ABUDANT DEER SPECIES ON MOUNT HOOD FOREST WILD LIFE MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
BEAVER TRANSPLANTING
BEAVER TRAPPER FOR TRANSPLANTING PUBLIC RECP.EATION
ON TI
NOUTT HOODNATIONAL FOREST
RECREATION VISITORS (F.Y. 1937)
Picnickers 225,932
Campers 52,964
Fishing 129,989
Hunting 31,704
Winter Sports 53,898
Other Recreationists 391,527 (Primarily to see scenery)
Transients, passing through - - 1,081,622
TOTAL, 1,967,636
RECREATIONAL SPECIAL USES (F.Y. 1937)
Summer Homes 452
Outdoor Organizations 11
Cooperative Youth Organizations - - - 3
Commercial Resorts
TOTAL, 474 0z CO?UIERCIAL RESORTS
UNDER SPECIAL USE PERMITISSUED BY THE
NOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
TThERLINE LODGE
Built and furnished by WPA funds and labor in 1936-1937. Locatedat 6000 feet elevation on south slope of Nount Hood. Size approximately 360 feet overall length byaverage width of 40 feet. Offers year round accommodations and sports for 230 guests with dining facilities forthrongs of recreationists.
CLOUD CAP II'N
At timberline on northeast slope of Nount Hood. Accom- modatidns for 30 guests in an area of extraordinary scenery.
OREGON TRAIL TAVERN
On the Mount HoodLoopHighway .52 milesfrom Portland.
-BLUE BUc:T TAVThN
On Mount Hood Loop Highway 33 miles south of Hood River.
LOSTLAKE RESORT
Offering cabins, groceries, boating and swimming at Lost Lake on north side of Mount Hood.
OLALLIE LAKE RESORT
On crest of Cascade Range of mountains, 40 miles south of Mount Hood. Offers cabins, groceries, boating and swiing..
MOUNT HOOD WAP1 MINERAL SPRINGS
Cabin colony v:ithgrocery and swixning pool, just off of Mount Hood Loop Highway 59 miles from -POrtland.
ZIGZAG AUTO PARK
Cabin colony in the center of the Rhododendron Recreation
Area, 45 miles from Portland. - WINTERSPORTS
The Mount Hood National Forest offersunlimited areas for all types of skiing from novice training areas to Class A jumps. Parking area isavailable for 2800 cars along the Mount Hood Loop Highway near the village of Government Camp and forone thousand cars near the site of the new Timberline Lodge.
NATIONAL FOPRT CA1IPS
The Mount Hood National Forest has144 public campgrounds, which offer natural sylvan camping and picnicking areas to the many thousandsof persons who annually visit the Forest.
IIt3NTING AND FIShING
Cooperation with theOregon State Game Coirimis- sion assures trout fishing to those hundred thousand or more fishezen who visit the Mount Hood National Forest to cast theirflieson therippling creeks that make the Mount Hood area one of the playgrounds of the Oregon Country.Native salmon use these same streams for spawaingand in addition to providing a great deal of sport, these water courses perpetunte the salmon industry of the Lower Columbia River..
Hunting for deer, bear and grouse, in season, provides sport for many personsfrom neighboring cities. In addition to those game animals the Mount Hood National Forest is the natural habitat for elk, beaver, cougar, marten, fox, coyotes, wolves, and many lesser animals as well as many species of song birds, eagles, hawks and buzzards.