2006
2007 3 Preface 4 Board Members 5 Our Team 6 Guests 7 Key Figures 9 Sponsors 10 Partners 11 Projects 12 Full-Wave SPICE Based EM-Circuit Co-Simulator in Time Domain 13 Engineering and Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 14 EM Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics 16 NIEHS/NTP – RF Radiation Research Program In Vivo Exposure Facility 17 Services 18 Infrastructure 19 Selected Publications 2007 20 IT'IS Foundation The IT'IS Foundation flourishes because so many diverse We continue to be invigorated by the opportunity to elements contribute to the organization. The numerous make a difference. That opportunity would not be achievements and changes in 2007 were substantial possible without the dedication of all our current and as we further laid the foundation for a dynamic and past employees, students, colleagues and collaborators powerful future. (Page 5), the support and counsel of our board members (Page 4) and the generosity of our sponsors (Page 9). True to our mission, we pursued promising new avenues It is through their collective energy and vision that we of science by broadening the scope of our research achieve our success. that accelerates the development and delivery of therapeutics. We are particularly proud of our recent Our foundation operates in a social and economic achievements in the areas of MR safety, MR-safe space with many other players who have coordinated implants, MR-guided intervention and thermal cancer their resources to achieve common aims. We extend treatments. Tangible evidence of the progress that we our sincere thanks to the public institutions and private have made in hyperthermia-based therapeutics was companies listed on page 10 for their visionary endorse reflected in the development of our novel treatment ment, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and planning tool (Page 14). Furthermore, the enhanced the National Research Foundation for funding several models of our Virtual Family also exemplify our specialized and beneficial research projects. We are also innovative progress to advance potential breakthroughs grateful to SPEAG and MMF for their long-term funding in MR safety and MR-safe implant design (Page 13). An which helps us to execute our multifaceted agenda important element of our strategy is to access a broad more effectively each year and to remain the leading diversity of thinking. Seeking and building new alliances center of competence in numerous areas of information with academia and industry will be key to making technology. sustainable breakthroughs in these emerging research fields. Our newest board member, the world-renowned From seeking out existing organizations that share our Prof. Paul Kleihues, will help us navigate the evolution of vision to helping with the creation of new collaborations, our priorities and strategic plan. working with others has been key to our progress. We are especially grateful to the laboratories and colleagues At the same time, we are building on our base of core who share infrastructure and co-advise PhD students/ competencies in experimental and computational PostDocs, especially Prof. Wolfgang Fichtner, Prof. Klaas electromagnetics to accelerate growth and innovation. Prüssmann, Prof. Gábor Székely, Prof. Heinz Jäckel, Prof. We achieved breakthroughs in the development of Olaf Schenk and Prof. Toshio Nojima. effective solutions for thin metals and new materials, and combined solvers with circuit simulators (Page If there is one thing that we have learned over the 12). In particular, our novel electro and magneto quasi- past eight years, it is that forging a path can take us in static solvers further extend our design, simulation and surprising directions. We have been through expansion optimization capabilities to any near-field application from and contraction; we have identified new issues and DC to light, from energy systems to optical devices, from become more skilled in knowing where we can make a nerve stimulations to microdosimetry. We complement measurable contribution. Through the ups and downs, our capabilities through an extended alliance with we have maintained our clarity of vision, ensuring that numerical competence centers, including two new the public can benefit from the safe and emerging partners at the EPFL and University of Basel. applications of electromagnetic fields in health and information technologies. Regardless of where this The successful completion of the largest ever RF in vivo evolving path leads us, we are poised to extend our exposure facility for NIEHS at the Illinois Institute of successes as we seize emerging opportunities to help Technology (IIT) in Chicago rounded off our great year change the world for the better. (Page 16). Zurich, March 2008 Prof. Niels Kuster 3 Board Members
Lifetime Honorary President Prof. Ralf Hütter, emeritus ETH Zurich, Switzerland
President Prof. Peter Niederer, emeritus ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Vice Presidents Prof. Peter Achermann, University of Zurich, Switzerland Prof. Quirino Balzano, University of Maryland, USA
Members Prof. Wolfgang Fichtner, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Prof. Paul Kleihues, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland Prof. Niels Kuster, IT'IS Foundation Michael Milligan, MMF, Belgium Dr. Mirjana Moser, BAG, Switzerland Prof. Toshio Nojima, Hokkaido University, Japan Prof. Klaas Prüssmann, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Former Board Members Prof. Alexander Borbély, Former Vice President, University of Zurich (1999 – 2005) Dr. Michael Burkhardt, TDC Switzerland AG, Switzerland (1999 – 2005) Dr. Christophe Grangeat, Alcatel, France (1999 – 2002) Prof. Albert Kündig, emeritus ETH Zurich, Switzerland (1999 – 2007) Prof. Masao Taki, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (1999 – 2002) Dr. Christer Törnevik, Ericsson, Sweden (1999 – 2005)
4 Our Team
Niels Kuster, Professor, Director Stefan Schild, PhD Student Myles H. Capstick, PhD, Associate Director Glen Stark, PhD Student Marc Wegmüller, PhD Student Nicolas Chavannes, PhD, Project Leader Andreas Christ, PhD, Project Leader Michael Ammann, Scientific Assistant Michael Oberle, PhD, Project Leader Marie-Christine Gosselin, Scientific Assistant Katharina Honegger, PhD, Scientific Assistant Stefan Benkler, PhD, Postdoc Salome Ryf, Scientific Assistant Eugenia Cabot, PhD, Postdoc Marcel Zefferer, Scientific Assistant Guillermo del Castillo, PhD, Postdoc Martin Dällenbach, Personal Assistant to the Director Verónica Berdiñas Torres, PhD Student Jonathan Gubler, Graphics & Support Clémentine Boutry-Viellard, PhD Student Jacqueline C. Pieper, Finance & Administration Matthias Christen, PhD Student Michelle von Issendorff-Stubbs, Text Editor Chung Huan Li, PhD Student Sven Kühn, PhD Student Philip Balzano, Academic Visitor Manuel Murbach, PhD Student Maria Christopoulou, Academic Visitor Esra Neufeld, PhD Student José Fayos-Fernández, Academic Visitor
External Advisors Prof. Quirino Balzano, University of Maryland, USA Charlie Götschi and Markus Müller, Untersee Composites, Switzerland Dr. Georg Klaus, maxwave AG, Switzerland Albert Lenherr, Mechanical Engineering Consultant, Switzerland Prof. Theodoros Samaras, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Dr. Balint Szentkuti, EMC & RF Consultant, Switzerland Dr. Roger Yew-Siow Tay, Motorola, Singapore
Former Employees Michael Burkhardt, Emilio Cherubini, Benedict da Silva, Valérie Dobler, Sven Ebert, Oliver Egger, Nicole Emmenegger, Sang Jin Eom, Francesca Dalia Faraci, Jürg Fröhlich, Peter Futter, Joachim Goecke, Jean-Claude Gröbli, Mona Hammad, Wolfgang Kainz, Ralph Kästle, Valentin Keller, Sinan Köksoy, Georg Klaus, Anja Klingenböck, Axel Kramer, Amit Kumar, Martin Loeser, Urs Lott, Klaus Meier, Rainer Mertens, Peter Müller, Neviana Nikoloski, Walter Oesch, Joanna Olszewska, Andrea Ott, David Perels, Katja Pokovic, Albert Romann, Darko Saik, Theodoros Samaras, Thomas Schmid, Frank Schönborn, Jürgen Schuderer, Eva Schumacher, Thomas Schwitter, Denis Spät, Magnus Sundberg, Roger Yew-Siow Tay, David Trudel, Markus Tuor, Ondrej Voles, Miriam Wanner, Chenghao Yuan, Oliver Zehnder
5 Guests
Gert Andersen, Antia Therapeutics AG, Switzerland Ulrich Konietzko, Rohde & Schwarz, Germany Viktoria Averina, Boston Scientific Corporation, USA Prof. Jan Korvink, IMTEK, Germany Felix Bagdasarjanz, Pfisterer, Switzerland Ann Tat Kuah, Rohde & Schwarz, Singapore Thomas Bartesaghi, SUPSI, Switzerland Dr. Yusuf Leblebici, EPFL, Switzerland Dr. Jim Bentsen, Boston Scientific Corporation, USA Prof. Mark Lundstrom, Purdue University, Indiana, USA Jean Bobgan, Boston Scientific Corporation, USA Graeme McKinnon, GE Medical Systems, USA Jeremie Bourqui, University of Calgary, Canada Dr. Donald McRobbie, Imperial College, UK Greg Carpenter, Boston Scientific Corporation, USA Prof. Luc Martens, INTEC, University of Gent, Belgium Martin Cholette, St Jude Medical, USA Prof. Ernst Martin-Fiori, Uni Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland David Chong, Precision Technologies, Singapore Stephan Menzl, Cochlear Acoustics, Switzerland Chris Collins, Penn State University, USA Thomas Minder, Swissphone Telecom AG, Switzerland Prof. Clemens Dasenbrock, Boehringer Pharma GmbH & Co, Germany Yukihiro Miyota, NTT Advanced Technology Company, Japan Wang DaYong, Panasonic, China Ricardo Monleone, SUPSI, Switzerland Dr. Catherine Dehollain, EPFL, Switzerland Prof. Juan R. Mosig, LEMA, EPFL, Switzerland Mario Della Vecchia, SUPSI, Switzerland Dr. Jacek Nadobny, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Germany Gordon DeMeester, Philips, Netherlands Dr. Georg Neubauer, ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH, Austria Dr. Benoît Derat, Sagem, France Jürgen Nistler, Siemens, Germany Qi Dianyuan, TMC, Taiwan Prof. Jacob Nüesch, ETH, Switzerland Dr. Dirk Diehl, Siemens, Germany Prof. John Nyenhuis, Purdue, USA Dr. Siegfried Eggert, BAUA, Germany Dr. Teruo Onishi, NTT DoCoMo, Japan Hans Engels, Philips Medical Systems, Netherlands Nellie Pang, Rohde & Schwarz, Singapore Richard Fitoussi, Lab. Clarins, Switzerland Pierfrancesco Pavoni, Pavoni Diffusion, Italy Dr. Patrick Furrer, Euresearch, Switzerland Damiano Pellegrini, SUPSI, Switzerland Sami Gabriel, Vodafone, UK Labros Petropoulos, MR Instruments, USA Willi Göldi, Mirad Microwave AG, Switzerland Ramadan Plicanic, Sony Ericsson, Sweden Dr. Paul Guckian, Qualcomm Inc., USA Dr. Shao QiShu, SRMC, China Prof. Anton Gunzinger, Supercomputing Systems AG, Switzerland Kan RunTian, SRMC, China Jake Hakkola, Boston Scientific Corporation, USA Kenichi Sato, NTT Advanced Technology Company, Japan Dr. Lira Hamada, NICT, Japan Joe Schaefer, GE, USA Prof. Jeffery W. Hand, Imperial College, UK Dr. Andrea Schiavoni, Telecom Italia, Italy Björn Hansson, Ericsson AB, Sweden Dr. Frank Seifert, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Germany Dr. Kjell Hansson Mild, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden Sangdon Seo, Samsung, South Korea Lin Hao, TMC, Taiwan Zhang Sha, SRMC, China Dr. Paul Harvey, Philips Medical Systems, Netherlands Hugh Shapert, Nokia, Finland Markus Haymoz, Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co., Switzerland Shmaryu Shvartsman, Hitachi, USA Benjamin Heldner, Phonak Communications AG, Switzerland Martin Siegbahn, Ericsson, Sweden Dr. Ashwini Hirlekar-Schmid, EPFL, Switzerland Kanber Mithat Silay, EPFL, Switzerland Prof. Heinrich Hofmann, EPFL, Switzerland Jeffrey M. Sill, University of Calgary, Canada Dr. S.C. Hong, Inje University, South Korea Alli Yahaya Simba, NICT, Japan Martin Hotz, Swissphone Telecom AG, Switzerland Michael Steckner, Hitachi, USA Hyo-Jung Jan, Samsung, South Korea Dr. Michael Szimtenings, Siemens Medical Solutions, USA Thomas Junker, Cochlear Acoustics, Switzerland Eiji Toge, Matsushita Techno Trading Co., Ltd., Japan Dr. Wolfgang Kainz, FDA, USA Anssi Toropainen, Nokia, Finland Jürgen Kausche, Rohde & Schwarz, Germany Stefan Tuchschmid, Virtamed, Switzerland Jun Nam Kil, Samsung, South Korea Tommy Vaughan, CMRR, USA Prof. Per-Simon Kildal, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Prof. Gerard C. van Rhoon, Erasmus MC, Netherlands Dr. Austin Kim, Samsung, South Korea Dr. Jeffrey von Arx, Boston Scientific Corporation, USA Dr. Brian Y. Kim, Samsung, South Korea Dr. Christoph von Gagern, Rohde & Schwarz, Germany J. J. Kim, South Korea Power Company, South Korea Dr. Roland Walthert, Pfisterer, Germany Prof. Nam Kim, Chungbuk National University, South Korea Prof. James Weaver, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Prof. Y. S. Kim, Hanyang University, South Korea Beat Werner, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland Rob Kleihorst, Philips, Netherlands Liu XiaoYong, SRMC, China
6 Key Figures 6135
Level of Funding (in 1000 CHF) 4557
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Services NIH USA
Government & Industry EU Services
MMF Donations
7 223 Key Figures
164
145
Number of Publications
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
161 163
Group Citation Index
126
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
(year) represents development at ETH before establishment as an independent foundation
8 Sponsors
Government Agencies Fifth Framework Programme of the European Union, Belgium Sixth Framework Programme of the European Union, Belgium Centre for Technology Assessment (TA-SWISS), Switzerland Commission for Technology and Innovation (CTI), Switzerland EUREKA, Switzerland German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Germany German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Germany National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), USA National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science (BBW), Switzerland Swiss Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), Switzerland Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (BAG), Switzerland Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland
Non-Profit Organizations Foundation for Behaviour and Environment (VERUM), Germany Research Association for Radio Applications (FGF), Germany Swiss Research Foundation on Mobile Communication (FSM), Switzerland
Mobile Manufacturers Forum Alcatel-Lucent, France Cisco Systems, USA Ericsson, Sweden Mitsubishi Electric, Japan Motorola, USA Nokia, Finland Nokia-Siemens Networks, Finland Panasonic, Japan Philips, Netherlands Sagem, France Samsung, Korea Sony Ericsson, Japan TCL & Alcatel Mobile Phones, France
Service Providers ARIB, Japan CTIA, USA GSM Association, Switzerland NTT DoCoMo, Japan Sunrise Communications AG, Switzerland
Medical Device Corporations Boston Scientific Corporation, USA Phonak Communications AG, Switzerland
Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) maxwave AG, Switzerland Matsushita Techno Trading Co. Ltd, Japan Schmid & Partner Engineering AG, Switzerland
9 Partners
Universities Metropolitan University of Tokyo, Japan Communication Photonics Group, ETHZ, Switzerland University of Tokyo, Japan Institut für Automatik, ETHZ, Switzerland University of Zhejiang, China Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, ETHZ, Switzerland Integrated Systems Laboratory, ETHZ, Switzerland Public Offices and Agencies Institute for Biomedical Optics, UNIZH, Switzerland BAG, Switzerland Institute for Pharmacology & Toxicology, UNIZH, Switzerland BAKOM, Switzerland Inselspital Academic Health Center, Switzerland BUWAL, Switzerland Neurology Clinic, UNIZH, Switzerland WHO, Switzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich, Switzerland BfS, Germany Institut für Mikrobiologie, UNIBE, Switzerland NICT, Japan Institute for Social & Preventive Medicine, UNIBE, Switzerland ETRI, Korea Center of Biomedicine, UNIBAS, Switzerland RRL, Korea Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana (SUPSI) FCC, USA Center of Radiation Medicine, TU Berlin, Germany FDA, USA IFBH Hannover, Germany NIST, USA IMST Institute for Mobile and Satellite Technology, Germany HPA, UK IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Germany IPK Gatersleben, Germany Private Industry Max Planck Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Germany AF Industri & System, Sweden Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Germany ARIB, Japan National Research Center for Environment and Health (GSF), Germany AT&T, USA UKBF, Germany Battelle, USA Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, F-A University, Germany Boston Scientific Corporation, USA University of Rostock, Germany Cetelco, Denmark University of Ulm, Germany Danish Cancer Society, Denmark AMUW, Austria E-Plus, Germany ARCS, Seibersdorf, Austria Ericsson Radio Systems AB, Sweden University of Vienna, Austria Exponent Inc., USA IRCOM, France Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum der Telekom, Germany PIOM, University of Bordeaux, France France Telecom, France Supélec, France Fraunhofer ITEM, Germany University Louis Pasteur, France Huber + Suhner AG, Switzerland Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the IBM, Switzerland Environment (ENEA), Italy Matsushita Techno Trading Co. Ltd, Japan ITC – ISRT, Italy maxwave AG, Switzerland UNIBO, Italy MCL, UK VERYC, Spain Mitsubishi, Japan University of Thessaloniki, Greece Motorola, USA Department of Information Technology, University of Ghent, Belgium Motorola, Singapore Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Netherlands Nokia Research Center, Finland Physics and Electronics Laboratory, TNO, Netherlands NTT DoCoMo, Japan University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands Perlos, Sweden Center for Personal Communications, Aalborg University, Denmark Phonak Communications AG, Switzerland Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Qualcomm, USA Karolinska Institute, Sweden RBM, Italy University of Uppsala, Sweden RCC, Switzerland Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland Rosenberger HF Technik GmbH, Germany University of Kuopio, Finland Sagem, France Haukeland University Hospital, Norway Schmid & Partner Engineering AG, Switzerland University of Bergen, Norway Siemens AG, Medical Solutions MREA, Germany Keele University, UK STUK Finnish Center for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, Finland Illinois Institute of Technology, USA Swisscom, Switzerland University of California Davis, USA Synopsys Inc., USA University of California Riverside, USA T-Mobil, Germany University of Maryland, USA TDC Sunrise, Switzerland Washington University, USA TILAB, Italy Hokkaido University, Japan
10 Projects
Measurement and Computational Techniques
TD SENSOR development of a field sensor in the time and frequency domains CSCIENCE HANDHELD research on the scientific bases to test compliance of handheld and body-mounted transmitters EXPA INDOOR – BAG development of procedures for the assessment of human exposure to electromagnetic radiation from wireless devices in home and office environments BASEXPO I & II development of procedures for assessing human exposure to EMF from base stations EX-T research on the effects of torso exposure to wireless devices with respect to existing compliance testing standards STANDARDIZATION participation in regulatory activities (standards committees & governments) EX-AGE characterization of mobile system exposures considering age dependent anatomical and physiological changes EX-BASE characterization of exposures close to base station antennas EX-KIDS evaluation of the whole body exposure of children with respect to present EMF exposure standards EX-Headsets assessment of the human exposure to EMF when using mobile phones with wired or wireless hands-free kits LOVESim development of a versatile and robust low frequency electromagnetic simulator
Health Risk Assessment
PERFORM C human studies related to mobile phones and base stations EMF & BRAIN – SLEEP effects of EMF on sleep, sleep EEG and brain function REPLICATIONS replication studies of bio-experiments sXc – 900 / 1800 / 1900 / ELF development of optimized exposure systems for in vitro studies from static to GHz sXv – NTP / NIEHS development, manufacturing, installation and detailed dosimetry of the reverberation chamber based exposure system for the in vivo studies by the NIEHS sXh – RF / ELF development of an optimized exposure system for human provocation studies from static to GHz sX3P dosimetric evaluation of third party exposure systems CAHM generation of anatomical CAD models of an adult male, an adult female and two children for dosimetric and medical applications EXPA EPI – CTIA exposure assessment for epidemiological studies of mobile phone users BRAIN-X assessment of the brain functional region specific exposure to EMF for near- and far-field sources FETEX assessment of the exposure of the fetus to electromagnetic fields from ELF to RF in uncontrolled environments sXc – LIVE microscopic life imaging of cells during exposure to RF and ELF electromagnetic fields NRP Genotox genotoxic effects of electromagnetic fields (RF and ELF) on cells NRP Worms effects of c.elegans worms exposure to electromagnetic fields NRP Sleep effects of RF electromagnetic radiation on human sleep EEG and cognitive tasks ZonMw assessment of the exposure of children to electromagnetic fields from ELF to RF in uncontrolled environments
Health Support Systems
HYCUNEHT research and optimization of hyperthermia treatment quality EX-MRI-OCC evaluation of the occupational exposure to EMF of medical personnel working in the close environment of MRI scanners COLHA characterization and optimization of the RF link of hearing aids
11 Full-Wave SPICE Based EM-Circuit Co-Simulator in Time DomaiN
The increasing functionality of RF/wireless The actual value of the electric field at each port communication products in reduced volumes has forced attached to the IC device can be retrieved, allowing the exploration of new packaging technologies that can the continuation of the next updating step in the FDTD satisfy today's size, cost and performance demands. solver. This operation is repeated at every time step. The design process of transceivers with embedded To accelerate the SPICE circuit response, the circuit RF-circuits requires fast EM simulation with full mutual state at each time step (all node voltages/currents) is coupling among all embedded components. Most stored and used as the initial conditions for the next commercial EM packages apply full-wave solvers that iteration. The computation time on the SPICE side is evaluate the frequency characterization of microwave reduced considerably, thus reducing numerical errors and devices (antennas, filters, etc.). These solvers, increasing the stability of the SPICE solver. however, neglect the real EM effects such as non-linear interactions, require long run times of hours to days to The computation of the different SPICE circuits model these phenomena at the circuit level and cannot embedded in the FDTD grid is performed either in always accommodate the circuit complexity. IT'IS has parallel with the E-field update schedule or sequentially. developed a novel approach to accurately characterize For problems larger than 100'000 cells, the SPICE and improve the design of entire devices including the circuit computation time is faster than the updating non-linear response of integrated circuits by full-wave schedule of the FDTD algorithm, allowing a sequential simulation in the time domain. This allows us to detect implementation of the method without slowing down the electromagnetic interference (EMI) and to identify and FDTD solver. optimize noise sources in the device, for example. This novel and unique technique can potentially localize The novel method efficiently integrates the leap-frog noise sources within a full CAD phone, including all the update scheme of FDTD with SPICE-like circuit solvers electronics that contribute to the overall interference in in the time domain without slowing down the update the phone. The bias circuit and all DC circuitry can be scheme of the FDTD part. The IC circuits are defined integrated into the SPICE model, whereas, all the SPICE as SPICE syntax circuits, and they are connected to the defined circuits (ICs) are connected to the FDTD grid full EM-solver through special combined electric and through the above-mentioned special E/H ports. magnetic (E/H) ports. The E/H ports consist of a set of edges that represent the physical connection between A typical example is the effect of a buffer on the the IC ports and the CAD model to be simulated, i.e., performance of an RF-circuitry. This situation can easily edge sources embedded into the FDTD grid. The edges arise when a line connected to a high-speed buffer function as current equivalent sources from the circuit radiates and couples to other components integrated in side, which together with the parasitic capacitance of the mobile phone. Our novel and unique simulator can the port location form the Norton equivalent circuit of the detect the possible noise sources produced by a buffer grid. placed at different locations within the different layers of the mobile phone PCB. Since the noise interference is By integrating the magnetic field at every H-field update characterized as a function of the buffer location, finding around the ports, the current, which is delivered to the optimum location in a given device is essential to the SPICE simulator, can be obtained as an equivalent minimize EMI effects. Norton current generator.
12 Engineering and Medicine Meets Virtual Reality
An accurate and clear understanding and representation Since human beings are not static creatures, of the anatomy of the human body is not only a postural changes and motion must be prerequisite for assessing the impact of electromagnetic considered when generating these models exposure on health and in developing information for accurate evaluation, diagnostic and technologies for diagnostic and therapeutic systems but testing purposes. The Poser program we also for other physical agents such as heat, ultrasound, have developed together with SPEAG shockwaves, etc. The optimized applications of many and ZMT accounts for these variations by therapies are a function of the external shape of the allowing the articulation of all the joints of human body and the vast complexity and individual our models within their anatomical range. In variability of its underlying anatomy. For nearly a electromagnetics, the coupling of the incident decade, the IT'IS Foundation has been at the forefront electromagnetic fields is a strong function in the development of accurate anatomical models for of whole-body and partial-body resonances. numerical dosimetry, especially adult and child head As a consequence, any movement such models. Our models have contributed to establishing as bending the body alters the effective safety and compliance testing standards of wireless absorption cross section at higher equipment and to the design and interpretation of frequencies, hands and fingers can detune human studies on the risks and effects of RF exposure. the antennas of wireless devices, the position Furthermore, our highly detailed animal models have of a worker's arms must be considered when yielded precise insight into actual exposures in numerous operating specific machines in large scale in vivo studies. The Virtual Family models high field environments (e.g, RF welding), represent a cutting edge technology in the numerical a patient's arms may form closed loops representation of the human body. with the trunk of the body during MRI examinations or small movements during The Virtual Family evolved from a MMF and GSMA hyperthermia can alter diagnostic and sponsored project to provide better human models treatment results, etc. for safety evaluations of mobile communications. The novel, high-resolution, anatomical, whole-body CAD As we reported last year, in addition to our models consisting of an average man, woman, and two high-end RF and low frequency EM solvers, children, Duke (34 year old man, 1.74 m), Ella (26 year we developed a powerful thermal solver with old woman, 1.60 m), Billie (11 year old girl, 1.48 m) and novel tensorial blood flow and discrete vessel Thelonious (6 year old boy, 1.07 m), as depicted on the tree models. By continuously improving cover page, were developed in cooperation with the our models, we further expanded their FDA, the Hospital of the Friedrich-Alexander-University, capabilities by implementing the Talairach Erlangen and Siemens Medical Solutions. High-resolution coordinate transformation, enabling the MR-imaging data of four volunteers were segmented to evaluation of the functional subregions of the yield up to 84 different tissues and organs. The models Talairach space in all of our available human were reconstructed as 3D CAD objects with high fidelity models. anatomical detailedness using our novel segmentation and 3D CAD reconstruction tools. From assessing Inspired by these successes, we progressed electromagnetic exposure for common procedures such our research focus to virtual patient modeling as MRI and computed tomography (CT) scans without and its applications. Strategic collaborations invasive probing to testing and improving the design of with the Laboratory of Computer Vision and medical implants, the Virtual Family is a vital fundament the Biomedical Laboratories at ETH as well to potential advances in these areas. All four models and as equivalent partners and industries around the Virtual Family Tool are provided gratis by IT'IS to the the world will be an essential element to scientific community for research purposes only. advancing innovation in this emerging field.
13 EM Cancer Diagnostics and therapeutics
A Healthy Breakthrough temperature are used in such treatment. High Innovation. Discovery. Commitment. These words temperatures (>60°C) applied in thermal ablation and RF represent the scope and essence of our research, surgery, for example, kill targeted tissue directly. Lower and underscore the theme for our current and temperatures (40-45°C) activate apoptotic, immunologic future endeavors in medical/cancer diagnostics and and other responses. The technique involves heating therapeutics. We choose these words because they the tumor using electromagnetic (EM) fields, generally suggest a clear and vital progression in the direction of using antenna arrays to focus the energy. Administering our multifaceted research agenda – a continuum from effective and optimized treatment to reliably heat the the search for knowledge to benefit the public with safe entire tumor while reducing energy deposition in healthy and emerging applications of electromagnetic fields in tissue is difficult due to the complexity of the applicators health and information technologies to the development and the intricate relationship between the settings of tangible and practical applications that improve the and the resulting temperature distribution. Despite the quality of life for cancer patients. proven potential of hyperthermia therapy in combination with other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy Cancer remains one of the most prevalent, complex and radiation, further research is necessary to optimize and virulent diseases. There is a growing demand the operational conditions for achieving enhanced for innovative devices and applications aimed at the hyperthermic effects in targeted tumors. diagnosis and treatment of cancers. IT'IS seeks to play an essential role in translating practical research into IT'IS and various research partners are developing and results that advance patient care by developing and improving a novel, reliable treatment-planning platform improving new and existing treatments through sustained to help define the optimal parameters for effective and scientific research and collaboration. The foundation has dependable treatment. The planning tool is based on the been at the forefront of EM research for nearly a decade, SEMCAD X software co-developed by IT'IS – software and has earned an international reputation for delivering optimized for studying electromagnetic field distributions high quality, innovative and competent applications, and induced temperature changes in complex models, strategies and solutions that accelerate engineering especially in living tissue. We are developing generators and medical breakthroughs. Our growing and trusted and applicator hardware that enable precise computer relationship with physicians and researchers in hospitals control of the antenna array excitation, and hence and other clinical centers allows direct translation of heating, while providing real-time feedback. our research into practice. We are currently involved in various self-initiated and collaborative projects including Treatment planning for hyperthermia involves the RF and ultrasound ablation with and without MRI following steps: generating an individual patient model, guidance, RF hyperthermia, low frequency hyperthermia simulating the EM field distributions induced by the by adding nano-magnetites to bone cement, strong various antennae, determining the resulting temperature pulses that directly interfere with the cell membranes, increase while optimizing the antenna settings, and finally direct interactions with the signaling pathways, and calculating the effect at the cellular level. The treatment- breast cancer detection by inverse scattering. While IT'IS planning tool has to permit modeling and planning to is a recent arrival to the field of EM cancer diagnostics a very high level of detail, accuracy and reliability. This and therapeutics, our focused research efforts are is necessary to reduce hotspots and guarantee good yielding promising results and a measurable impact, coverage of the tumor area. particularly in heat based cancer treatments. Segmentation – The first step towards generating Heat Based Cancer Treatments patient-specific treatment is to have a detailed model Hyperthermia therapy is a type of cancer treatment of the patient. A toolbox has been developed that in which tumors are exposed to high temperatures to allows the flexible combination of various segmentation kill or damage cancer cells. Two ranges of targeting techniques, ranging from fully automatic to highly
14 interactive. This is necessary to enable the toolbox to work with various types of input data (CT/MRI) of potentially low quality. Furthermore, there is no general- purpose automatic segmentation method that can handle all of the tissue types that must be identified for reliable treatment planning. The toolbox contains pre- and postprocessing methods to remove noise, close holes and extract surfaces. Provision of interaction types tailored to the specific segmentation methods is critical. The segmentation must be a simple task performable by radiology and technical staff in hospitals.
EM Simulation – Solvers have been developed that can handle complex models of both the patient and the applicator. In general, the FDTD method is used as it is ideally suited to these types of inhomogeneous models. Dedicated FDTD hardware accelerator cards are used to reduce the simulation time. Special techniques such as conformal subcell models, ADI and transient excitations be assigned individual heating priorities and sensitive are employed to reduce numerical errors and speed up regions can be specified. Information about hotspots the simulations. (both simulated and experienced by the patient) can be used to devise a modified treatment plan. Thermal Simulation – Since the temperature rise A cooperative effort with the Computer Science causes increased cell death in tumors, it is important Department of the University of Basel and IBM is to determine the EM field as well as the temperature exploring new possibilities arising from recent advances distribution. To correctly account for perfusion cooling, in nonlinear optimization. A new interior point method the bioheat equation with temperature and time- has been developed that allows the optimization of dependent tissue parameters is solved. However, to nonlinear models for temperature increases on large account for the discreteness of blood vessels and the rectangular grids as they appear in FDTD. Together with directivity of blood flow, an improved model has been the hyperthermia unit of the Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, developed. It couples the continuous 3D simulation the practical use of this treatment-planning tool is to a pseudo-1D simulation of the vessel tree and uses currently being explored. An additional collaboration is information about the location and orientation of the studying the development of new applicators and the use nearest vessel to assess a tensorial effective heat of simulation software to help create new devices. conductivity. Extensive experiments are underway to validate the planning software. Customized phantoms and Effect Assessment – Various methods for quantifying measurement devices are being developed and MRI tissue damage are being studied. These include using thermometry is being applied to monitor the treatment an Arrhenius model that can account for the transient of real patients. Close cooperation with the University behavior of the temperature increase and a CEM43 Hospital in Geneva and the MRI group of the University dose concept. Children's Hospital Zurich has been established.
Optimization – A fast generalized eigenvalue method With the vision to improve the cure rate and the quality is used to determine the optimal antenna steering of life for cancer patients, we are committed to fully parameters. Both temperature and EM energy exploring all promising EM treatment modalities together distributions can be optimized. Multiple targets can with our partners in Switzerland, Europe, USA and Asia.
15 NIEHS/NTP RF Radiation Research Program In Vivo Exposure Facility
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences The developed exposure facility consists of 21 (NIEHS, USA) mandated the IT'IS Foundation under reverberation chambers (7 for mice and 14 for rats). Each the National Toxicology Program (NTP) to develop, chamber has an internal dimension of 2.2 x 3.7 x 2.6 m, manufacture and install the largest ever RF in vivo giving an overall chamber volume of 20.6 m³. The size exposure facility at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) was optimized with respect to the constraints posed by in Chicago. In addition, we provided the dosimetry as the required RF performance, transport, available room well as supervision/technical support. The Life Sciences height and weight. The chambers have two mode stirrers Group of the IIT Research Institute (IITRI) will perform a (to provide a statistically homogeneous field distribution), series of studies designed to characterize the potential lighting, and ventilation. The materials used were only toxicity and carcinogenicity of long-term exposure to the stainless steel, gold, polycarbonate and epoxy to meet RF radiation emitted by cell phones. The total cost of the non-toxic requirements of NTP. this program will exceed $US 22 million, of which $US 6 million was dedicated to the exposure facility. Each chamber also has sensors for E-field, H-field, light level, noise, temperature, humidity and air flow; In the NTP studies, rats will be chronically exposed at all these parameters are recorded to the system log 900 MHz and mice at 1.9 GHz, different exposure groups files to give a complete record of the experimental will be subjected to either GSM or IS95 signals at one of conditions. The RF field probes are also used to control three SAR levels (up to 6 W/kg) or sham for 20 hours per the RF exposure to the required average field strength day over an entire lifespan. The use of a range of SAR level given the required SAR and the average animal levels will provide the ability to elicit any possible dose weight. The correct performance was extensively and response. Such explicit experimental requirements can experimentally validated by IT'IS and verified by experts only be met with the use of reverberation chambers. from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA). The achieved performance and precision values exceeded initial expectations, e.g., SAR uniformity between animals was 0.46 dB and 0.40 dB respectively for rats and mice; therefore, the chambers provide comparable performance with the best systems using constrained animals. The software enables continuous monitoring of the entire system from Zurich, and it will generate automated alarms in Zurich and Chicago in case of any malfunctions. The system was also designed to replace damaged equipment quickly to minimize or eliminate any downtime, e.g., < 24 h.
The uniqueness and superiority of this exposure facility compared to previous exposure systems is its ability to use unconstrained animals, allowing exposure periods of up to 20 hours per day. In other words, it is the first system that can provide high SAR homogeneity, and hence low uncertainty along with SAR levels approaching the limit for thermal regulation within the exposed animal group. The combination of high SAR and long exposure time will provide enhanced potential for the observation of toxicity or carcinogenicity.
16
Services
The IT'IS Foundation is an internationally renowned to draft safety white papers for existing and future competence center for analysis in all areas of the technologies, as well as for the devices needed for their electromagnetic near-fields from DC to the high GHz implementation. range. Although the primary activities of the foundation are dedicated to advanced research, it also offers R&D EMF Workshops and evaluation services ranging from communication link The IT'IS Foundation organizes customized workshops system design, EM safety evaluations to EMC/EMI. on EMF-related issues of current interest in collaboration with our national and international partners. On-site RF Safety and Compliance Testing and specialized workshops and seminars can also be The IT'IS Foundation developed many of the procedures arranged upon request. and instrumentations for the demonstration of wireless device compliance with respect to EM safety guidelines that are currently applied to national and international EMF product standards. Globally regarded as the preeminent, truly independent institute for dosimetric evaluations, the foundation continues to be at the forefront in developing the most accurate and suitable testing procedures, with particular emphasis at present on compliance testing within MR environments. It is equipped with the most advanced laboratories for compliance testing of inductive heaters, wireless devices to medical implants in MR environments (several DASY5 systems, iSAR, EASY4MRI, MITS1.5, etc.). We are also currently enhancing our capabilities to conduct state-of- the-art EMI/EMC evaluations.
Communication Link System Design Consultations regarding standards and homologation rules include the revision of technical requirements, the assessment of regulation procedures and the evaluation of impending standards. We offer the development of custom-specific antenna designs with optimized link budgets when operated in complex environments, e.g., on-body or inside the body. To accomplish these tasks, we use the latest development tools in our labs, including DASY5NEO and SEMCAD X.
Safety White Papers As a leading player in the global effort on health risk assessment research and an active participant in commissions developing EMF and MRI safety guidelines as well as numerical and experimental product compliance standards for the aforementioned guidelines, the IT'IS Foundation provides a full range of safety white papers. Numerous international organizations, industries and governments have entrusted the foundation
17 Infrastructure
Dosimetric, Near-Field and EMC/EMI Facilities 1 SPEAG TSIL, Temperature Probe 5 SPEAG T1V3LA, Temperature Probes Semi-Anechoic Chamber 2 SPEAG H3DV6, H-Field Probes This shielded, rectangular chamber has the dimensions 7 x 5 x 2.9 m 2 SPEAG H3DV7, H-Field Probes (L x W x H). It is equipped with a reflecting ground plane floor, and half 1 SPEAG EX3DV3, Dosimetric Probe of its walls are covered with electromagnetic absorbers. The chamber 2 SPEAG EE3DV1, E-Field Probes contains an integrated DASY5NEO system and can be utilized for 2 SPEAG ER3DV6, E-Field Probes all research activities involving dosimetric, near-field and far-field 1 SPEAG EF3DV6, E-Field Probe evaluations, the optimization and synthesis of handheld devices, body- 3 SPEAG ET3DV6, Dosimetric Probes mounted transmitters, implants, desktop applications, micro-base and 1 SPEAG ET1DV1, Dosimetric Probe pico-base station antennas, exposure setups, calibration procedures, 2 SPEAG ET1DV2, Dosimetric Probes EMI tests, MRI safety tests, compliance testing of implants, etc. Tissue Simulating Liquids 27 MHz – 6 GHz
Two Reverberation Chambers Meters The Blue and NIEHS Reverberation Chambers have the dimensions 1 Rohde & Schwarz NRP, 2 NRP Z-91 Power Meter 4 x 3 x 2.9 m and 3.7 x 2.2 x 2.7 m (L x W x H), respectively. Both 2 Agilent E4419B, 4 HP 8482A, Power Meters chambers are equipped with two mechanical stirrers and provide con- 3 HP 436A, 3 HP 8481A, Power Meters trolled and consistent environments for EM emissions and immunity 3 Agilent 34970A, Data Acquisition Units testing, as well as shielding effectiveness and susceptibility testing of 1 Magnet Physik FH49 – 7030, Gauss/Teslameter electromagnetic equipment. Amplifiers Facility for Dosimetric Compliance Testing 1 LS Elektronik 2450, Amplifier, 400 W / 900 MHz IT'IS shares a facility with Schmid & Partner Engineering AG 3 LS Elektronik 2449, Amplifiers, 200 W / 900 MHz which meets the requirements for dosimetric evaluations. Class C 2 LS Elektronik 2448, Amplifiers, 60 W / 900 MHz accreditation is expected in 2008 through METAS for all types of 3 LS Elektronik 2452, Amplifiers, 200 W / 1800 MHz dosimetric evaluations. 1 LS Elektronik 2451, Amplifier, 60 W / 1800 MHz 1 LS Elektronik 2447, Amplifier, 5 W / 1800 MHz 2 LS Elektronik 2780, Amplifiers, 40 W / 2140 MHz Technical Equipment and Instrumentation 1 Amplifier Research 10S1G4A, Amplifier 800 MHz – 4.2 GHz 1 Kalmus 717FC, RF Power Controller 200 – 1000 MHz Spectrum and Network Analyzers 1 Nucletudes ALP336, Amplifier 1.5 – 2.5 GHz 1 Rohde & Schwarz FSP, Spectrum Analyzer 9 kHz – 30 GHz 8 Mini-Circuits, Amplifiers, ZHL42, 700 – 4200 MHz 1 HP 8753E, Network Analyzer 30 kHz – 6 GHz 1 HP APC 85033B, Calibration Kit Other Equipment 1 Narda H2304/101 Exposure Level Tester 1 Hz – 400 KHz Signal Generators and Testers 8 Maury 1878B, 3-Step Tuners 1 Agilent E8251A, Signal Generator, 250 KHz – 20 GHz 1 Siemens, Universale Messleitung (0.5) 1 – 13 GHz 1 Rohde & Schwarz SMU200A, Signal Generator 6 Validation Dipoles D835, D900, D1640, D1800, D2450, D5GHz 1 Rohde & Schwarz SMT06, Signal Generator 2 SPEAG Dipoles SCC34 Benchmark 1 Rohde & Schwarz SMIQ02B, Signal Generator 8 Various Antennas 1 Rohde & Schwarz SML03, Signal Generator 1 Tektronik 2235, Oscilloscope 2 Rohde & Schwarz SML02, Signal Generators 1 Heraeus BB6620, Incubator 1 Rohde & Schwarz SMY02, Signal Generator 1 Opus 10 Thermo-Hygrometer 1 HP 8647A, Signal Generator 250 KHz – 1000 MHz 1 PTM 3000 Thermometer 1 Agilent 33250A, Waveform Generator 3 Agilent 33120A, Waveform Generators Computers 1 Rohde & Schwarz CTS55, Digital Radio Tester 22 MacOS X: 2 PowerMac G5, 3 PowerMac G4, 1 iMac G4, 1 eMac G4 1 Rohde & Schwarz CMU200 7 MacBook Pro, 2 MacBook, 5 PowerBook G4, 1 iBook G4 52 16 Dalco AMD Dual Opteron 2.61 GHz, 1 Dalco Dual-Core AMD DASY, iSAR, EASY4MRI, MITS Opteron 2.21 GHz, 1 Dell Precision 870 Xeon 3 GHz, 3 Dell 1 SPEAG DASY5NEO Dimension 8400 P4 3.4 GHz, 4 Dell Dimension 8300 P4 2.6-3 GHz, 1 SPEAG iSAR 3 Dell Dimension 8250 P4 1-3.4 GHz, 5 Dell Dimension 8200 P4 1-3 2 MITS1.5 w/Phantoms GHz, 1 Dell Dimension 5000 P4 3.2 GHz, 1 Dell Dimension 4700 P4 1 INDY (3 year child head) Phantom 2.0 GHz, 1 Dell Dimension 4300 P4 1.5 GHz, 2 Dell OptiPlex GX110, 1 ISABELLA (6 year child head) Phantom 2 Dell OptiPlex GX100, 1 Compaq EVO, 2 HP vl420MT P4 1.5 GHz 1 SPEAG SAM V6.0 Phantom 1 Pathworks Laptop, 1 Dell Precision M90 2 GHz, 1 IBM T43p 1.86 2 SPEAG ELI4 Phantoms GHz, 2 IBM T42p PM 1.7 GHz, 1 Dell Latitude D800 1.6 GHz, 1 Dell 1 SPEAG ASTM Phantom Inspiron 6400 1.66 GHz, 1 Dell Inspiron P4 2.5 GHz, 1 IBM PM 240 1 SPEAG HAC Extension MHz 2 SPEAG EASY4 9 LINUX: 8 AMD Dual Opteron aXware ClusterInABox (3 Dual-boot 2 SPEAG DAEasy4MRI, Data Acquisition Electronics Windows XP 64 Professional), 1 Silverstone MiniCIB AMD Athlon 2 SPEAG DAE4, Data Acquisition Electronics 64 X2 Dual 2.41 GHz (Dual-boot Windows XP 64 Professional)
18 Selected Publications 2007
Marc Simon Wegmüller, Intra-Body Communication for Biomedical Sabine J. Regel, Gilberte Tinguely, Jürgen Schuderer, Martin Adam, Sensor Networks, PhD-thesis, Diss. ETH No. 17429, Swiss Federal Niels Kuster, Hans-Peter Landolt, and Peter Achermann, "Pulsed radio- Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland, Hartung-Gorre Verlag frequency electromagnetic fields: Dose-dependent effects on sleep, Konstanz, July 2007. the sleep EEG and cognitive performance", Journal of Sleep Research, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 253–258, September 2007. Verónica Berdiñas Torres, Exposure Systems and Dosimetry of Large- Scale In Vivo Studies, PhD-thesis, Diss. ETH No. 17429, Swiss Federal Paul Smith, Niels Kuster, Sven Ebert, and Hans-Jörg Chevalier, "GSM Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland, Hartung-Gorre Verlag and DCS wireless communication signals: Combined chronic toxicity/ Konstanz, September 2007. carcinogenicity study in the Wistar rat", Radiation Research, vol. 168, no. 4, pp. 480–492, October 2007. Theodoros Samaras, Andreas Christ, Anja Klingenböck, and Niels Kuster, "Worst case temperature rise in a one-dimensional tissue Marc Simon Wegmueller, Andreas Kuhn, Jürg Fröhlich, Michael model exposed to radiofrequency radiation", IEEE Transactions on Oberle, Norbert Felber, Niels Kuster, and Wolfgang Fichtner, "An Biomedical Engineering, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 492–496, March 2007. attempt to model the human body as a communication channel", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. Thomas Tillmann, Heinrich Ernst, Sven Ebert, Niels Kuster, Wolfgang 1851–1857, October 2007. Behnke, Susanne Rittinghausen, and Clemens Dasenbrock, "Carcinogenicity study of GSM and DCS wireless communication Margarethus M. Paulides, Jurriaan F. Bakker, Nicolas Chavannes, signals in B6C3F1 mice", Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. and Gerard C. van Rhoon, "A patch antenna design for application 173–187, April 2007. in a phased-array head and neck hyperthermia applicator", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. Sabine J. Regel, Julie M. Gottselig, Jürgen Schuderer, Gilberte 2057–2063, November 2007. Tinguely, Julia V. Rétey, Niels Kuster, Hans-Peter Landolt, and Peter Achermann, "Pulsed radio frequency radiation affects cognitive Margarethus M. Paulides, Jurriaan F. Bakker, Esra Neufeld, Peter performance and the waking electroencephalogram", Neuroreport, vol. P. Jansen, Peter C. Levendag, and Gerard C. van Rhoon, "The 18, no. 8, pp. 803–807, May 2007. hypercollar: A novel applicator for hyperthermia in the head and neck", Int. J. of Hyperthermia, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 567–576, November 2007. Maarten de Bruijne, Theodoros Samaras, Nicolas Chavannes, and Gerard C. van Rhoon, "Quantitative validation of the 3D SAR profile Gernot Schmid, Stefan Cecil, Christoph Goger, Michael Trimmel, Niels of hyperthermia applicators using the gamma method", Physics in Kuster, and Hamid Molla-Djafari, "New head exposure system for use Medicine and Biology, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 3075–3088, June 2007. in human provocation studies with EEG recording during GSM900- and UMTS-like exposure", Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. Andreas Christ, "Requirements for reliable worst-case assessment 636–647, December 2007. of human exposure to RF electromagnetic fields with known uncertainty", Health Physics, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 554–564, June 2007. Stefan Schild, Nicolas Chavannes, and Niels Kuster, "A robust method to accurately treat arbitrarily curved 3-D thin conductive sheets in Andreas Christ, Theodoros Samaras, Esra Neufeld, Anja Klingenböck, FDTD", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. and Niels Kuster, "SAR distribution in human beings when using body- 12, pp. 3587–3594, December 2007. worn RF transmitters (invited paper)", Radiation Protection Dosimetry, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 6–14, July 2007. Clémentine M. Boutry, Sven Kühn, Peter Achermann, Albert Romann, Jafar Keshvari, and Niels Kuster, "Dosimetric evaluation and Esra Neufeld, Nik Chavannes, Theodoros Samaras, and Niels Kuster, comparison of different RF exposure apparatuses used in human "Novel conformal technique to reduce staircasing artifacts at material volunteer studies", Bioelectromagnetics. Online August 2007. boundaries for FDTD modeling of the bioheat equation", Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 52, no. 15, pp. 4371–4381, August 2007. Robert Hruby, Georg Neubauer, Niels Kuster, Wolfgang Kainz, and Michael Frauscher, "Study on potential effects of 902-MHz GSM- Maarten de Bruijne, D. H. M. Wielheesen, J. van der Zee, Nicolas type Wireless Communication Signals" on DBMA-induced mammary Chavannes, and Gerard C. van Rhoon, "Benefits of superficial tumours in Sprague-Dawley rats", Mutation Research/Genetic hyperthermia treatment planning: Five case studies", International Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. Online September 2007. Journal of Hyperthermia, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 417–429, August 2007. Adam S. Dawe, Reetta Nylund, Dariusz Leszczynski, Niels Kuster, Sven Kühn, Urs Lott, Axel Kramer, and Niels Kuster, "Assessment Tom Reader, and David I. De Pomerai, "Continuous wave and methods for demonstrating compliance with safety limits of wireless simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce devices used in home and office environments", IEEE Transactions on hsp16-1 heat-shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans", EMC, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 519–525, August 2007. Bioelectromagnetics. Online September 2007.
Germano Oberto, Katia Rolfo, Ping Yu, Michela Carbonatto, Sergio Lena Hillert, Torbjörn Åkerstedt, Arne Lowden, Clairy Wiholm, Niels Peano, Niels Kuster, Sven Ebert, and Santo Tofani, "Carcinogenicity Kuster, Sven Ebert, Clementine Boutry, Scott Douglas Moffat, study of 217 Hz-pulsed 900 MHz electromagnetic fields in Pim1 Mats Berg, and Bengt Birger Arnetz, "The effects of 884 MHz GSM transgenic mice", Radiation Research, vol. 168, no. 3, pp. 316–326, wireless communication signals on headache and other symptoms: September 2007. An experimental provocation study", Bioelectromagnetics. Online November 2007.
19 History The IT'IS Foundation was established in 1999 through the initiative and support of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH), the global wireless communications industry and several government agencies. IT'IS stands for Information Technologies in Society.
Legal status IT'IS is a non-profit tax-exempt research foundation.
Vision The Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society is dedicated to expanding the scientific basis of the safe and beneficial application of electromagnetic energy in health and information technologies.
IT'IS is committed to improving and advancing the quality of life of people with disabilities through innovative research and application of emerging technologies.
IT'IS Foundation is an independent research institute.
IT'IS Foundation endeavors to provide a proactive, creative and innovative research environment for the cultivation of sound science/ research and education.
Funding Private and industry sponsorship, public and industry research projects and information services.
President Dosimetry Prof. Peter Niederer Dr. Andreas Christ +41 44 245 9696 +41 44 245 9685 [email protected] [email protected]
Director Health Risk Assessment Prof. Niels Kuster Manuel Murbach +41 44 245 9690 +41 44 245 9794 [email protected] [email protected]
Associate Director Health Support Systems Dr. Myles H. Capstick Dr. Michael Oberle +41 44 245 9743 +41 44 245 9692 [email protected] [email protected]
Sensing Techniques EM Cancer Treatment Dr. Myles H. Capstick Esra Neufeld +41 44 245 9743 +41 44 245 9698 [email protected] [email protected]
Computational Techniques Services Dr. Nicolas Chavannes Sven Kühn +41 44 245 9740 +41 44 245 9694 [email protected] [email protected]
Main Office Address Mailing Address and Labs IT'IS Foundation IT'IS Foundation ETH Zentrum ETZ Zeughausstrasse 43 CH-8092 Zurich CH-8004 Zurich Switzerland Switzerland
Phone +41 44 245 9696 [email protected] Fax +41 44 245 9699 www.itis.ethz.ch