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Vega Nr. 123 CUPRINS Revista.Vega@Astroclubul.Ro ISSN 1584 - 6563 123 Vega ianuarie 2009 nebuloasa Cap de Cal Astroclubul by Alex Conu Bucureşti Vega nr. 123 CUPRINS [email protected] ISSN 1584 - 6563 Foto copertă: Nebuloasa Cap de Cal (Orion) Bogdan Dinicuţu 23 ianuarie 2006 Galeria Camera: Canon EOS 1Ds mkII fără filtru Obiectiv: Canon EF 600 f/4 L Timp de expunere: 6 x 660s Cătălin Timosca, Mona Constantinescu Galeria Diafragma: 5.6 Sensibilitate: ISO 800 Pauleasca, România Galeria Laurenţiu Alimpie, Mátis István „Marea Unire” din decembrie Mihai Rusie Redactori Zoltan Deak Conjunctie, Mihaela Şonka Oana Sandu Ca vântul şi ca gândul Oana Sandu Redactor şef Zoltan Deak Scurtã istorie a teoriei Big Bang Ruxandra Popa Astroclubul Am adunat 40 de stele Oana Sandu Bucureşti Vega nr. 123 [email protected] ISSN 1584 - 6563 Luna, Venus şi Jupiter 02.12.2008 Bucureşti Bogdan Dinicuţu Canon 400D Astroclubul 1 Bucureşti conjuncţie Lună, Venus şi Jupiter 01.12.2008, 16:30 UT Catalin Timosca Vega nr. 123 ap. foto: Nikon D40X [email protected] obiectiv: Nikkor, f=50mm, f/2.8 expunere: 5 sec. la 800 ISO ISSN 1584 - 6563 Luna, Venus şi Jupiter 02.12.2008 Bucureşti Mona Constantinescu ap. foto: Canon S5 IS obiectiv: f=7,6mm, f/5 Astroclubul 2 Bucureşti expunere: 2 sec. la 400 ISO Vega nr. 123 [email protected] ISSN 1584 - 6563 conjuncţie Lună, Venus şi Jupiter 01.12.2008 Cluj-Napoca Mátis István ap. foto: KODAK CX6330 conjuncţie Lună, Venus şi Jupiter 01.12.2008, 15:37 UT comuna Şag (10 km S de Timişoara) Laurenţiu Alimpie ap. foto: Nikon D50 obiectiv: Nikkor, 70-300mm @ 300mm, f/5.6 expunere: 3 sec. la 200 ISO Astroclubul 3 Bucureşti „Marea Unire” din decembrie Vega nr. 123 Iarna a fost întotdeauna un anotimp al reîn- tre observator (O) şi astrul (B) tregirii, un bun prilej pentru a fi aproape de ocultat, astfel încât B dispare [email protected] cei dragi, fie şi numai pentru a ne mai încălzi pentru un timp din câmpul vi- un pic (la propriu sau la figurat..). Aşa s-a în- zual al lui O; acest timp variază ISSN 1584 - 6563 tâmplat şi acum 90 de ani, când ne-am hotărât în funcţie de viteza cu care A să răspundem cu toţii unei singure “chemări”, traversează aparent bolta şi de aşa s-a întâmplat şi anul acesta, când pe cerul latitudinea la care se găseşte de seară, cu puţin după asfinţit, ne-a fost dat O. Cu alte cuvinte, o ocultaţie să vedem un spectacol rarisim. Spre deosebire este un caz special de conjunc- de bucureşteni, care alături de mai bine de ju- ţie, dar nu în orice conjuncţie mătate din ţară s-au “bucurat” din plin de cea- se poate ajunge la ocultaţie. ţă, câţiva observatori mai norocoşi au reuşit să Înclinaţiile planelor orbitale ale surprindă în imagini spectacolul. astrelor A si B au mare impor- tanţă. La ce mă refer? La conjuncţia iernii, desigur. Chiar dacă nici de data asta vremea nu s-a Mai exact, cum s-a petrecut fe- arătat un aliat al observatorilor amatori, pu- nomenul? ţinele “ferestre” printre nori au fost fructificate În călătoria sa de-a lungul con- cât s-a putut mai bine, în jurul datei de 1 De- stelaţiilor zodiacale, Luna pare cembrie. Între 26 noiembrie şi 6 decembrie, că şi-a reglat pasul de cca. 13 planetele Venus şi Jupiter au etalat un veri- grade pe zi cu suficientă pre- tabil dans pe bolta cerească, fiind separate de cizie încât să treacă exact prin mai puţin de 2 grade la momentul de maximă dreptul planetei Venus, dar apropiere (nu doi centimetri, cum s-a mai spus numai pentru locuitorii din prin mass-media...). Europa de Nord, Groenlan- da, Estul Canadei şi cei care Dar ce s-a întâmplat cu adevărat? Au fost şi au traversat Atlanticul... În alte fenomene ce merită menţionate? Ei bine, timpul ocultaţiei Luna pre- da. Pe lângă cele două planete, în acelaşi câmp zenta o fază crescătoare, fiind vizual a putut fi observată şi Luna, care a fost la numai 4 zile de la faza de protagonista de drept a adevăratului specta- Conjuncţia Venus - Jupiter; Bucureşti; 02.12.2008, 16:15 UT Lună Nouă, iar Venus prezenta o fază col. În afară de conjuncţia dintre aceşti astrii, de 69%, o dimensiune unghiulară de zontul vestic liber între orele 18:30 şi 19:20 cerul ne-a oferit şi o ocultaţie, cel puţin unora 16.6” şi o magnitudine vizuală în jur de -4.2. s-au putut bucura de întregul show. Ceilalţi dintre noi. vor trebui să se mulţumească cu pozele făcu- Zona de pe cer unde a putut fi observat fe- Deoarece Luna se mişcă mult mai repede pe te de cei norocoşi sau să aştepte următoarele nomenul se regăseşte în dreptul constelaţiei cer, numai într-un interval restrâns de timp a conjuncţii şi ocultaţii vizibile de la noi. Sagittarius (Ceainicul), care în momentul re- putut fi observată cum trece printre Venus şi spectiv ocupa zona de SW (azimut 212º), la o Date tehnice poză: Tair 300/4.5, Canon 400D, Jupiter: doar pe 1 Decembrie, în puţinele ore înălţime deasupra orizontului de aprox. 15º EQ5 cu urmărire manuală, expuneri multiple: de după apusul Soarelui. Imaginea alăturată (± 2 grade). 4x1s ISO100 f/5.6 + 4x10s ISO400 f/4.5; de- a fost surprinsă pe data de 2 decembrie, deci cupaj 60% (câmp: 2 grade). fără Lună (se pot vedea şi cei patru sateliţi ga- La cca. 2 grade în continuarea direcţiei date lileeni ai lui Jupiter – dreapta-sus) de Venus şi Lună (spre Vest) veghea gigantul Mihai Rusie sistemului solar - Jupiter, de la 5.8 unităţi as- Ce deosebeşte o conjuncţie de o ocultaţie? tronomice depărtare de Terra (şi 4.8 de Venus), Răspunsul este cât se poate de simplu: o ocul- cu o magnitudine de doar -2 şi o dimensiune taţie este un fenomen oarecum legat de cel de Bibliografie: de 34 arc-secunde. http://www.astroclubul.org/sorin/home/occ_luna-venus_08.html conjuncţie, dar diferit ca manifestare; în tim- http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/24nov_skyshow.htm Astroclubul pul unei ocultaţii, un astru (A) se interpune în- Cei care s-au aflat în România şi au avut ori- Stellarium (Free Planetarium Software) 4 Bucureşti Vega nr. 123 Conjuncţie [email protected] Poze frumoase în galeria noastră! Un fenomen ISSN 1584 - 6563 surprins în mai multe moduri. Fiecare cu viziu- nea şi posibilităţile sale. Aş vrea să vă arăt puţin ce se află în spatele unei fotografii (cea alăturată), realizată în cca 20 minute şi prelucrată în 2 ore! Am început cu alegerea locului. Doream să am în cadru un element urbanistic de referinţă al oraşului nostru: Televiziunea Română. Implicit un câmp foto foarte larg. De pe trepied, am rea- lizat două serii de imagini. De la 2 sec. la 1/30 sec. prin înjumătăţirea timpului de expunere. Şi de la 1/30 sec. la 15 sec. prin dublarea tim- pului. Diafragma f/5.6, ISO 100 pentru un zgo- mot minimal, obiectivul pus pe infinit. Focala de 5,8mm (pe film echivalent 35mm). Am ales momentele expunerilor în aşa fel încât să evit farurile maşinilor şi am ignorat cu bună ştiinţă existenţa în câmp a cablurilor. Întors acasă, în faţa calculatorului am selectat acele imagini care erau „optime” pentru anumi- te elemente. O fotografie cu autobuz pentru că acesta obtura un reflector puternic şi accentua aspectul citadin al fotografiei finale. Să-i spu- nem imagine de referinţă. Un prin retuş local: personal. Din cauza folosirii unei focale foarte Este destul demult de muncă şi de aceea îi aver- am selectat autobuzul, am inversat selecţia şi scurte câmpul era puternic deformat: clădirea tizez pe cei ce doresc să facă asemenea „sca- am „întunecat” cerul (Levels) făcând simultan Televiziunii Române era înclinată nefiresc de matorii” să folosească numai cópii ale pozelor o corecţie a nuanţelor de culoare. Dintr-o altă mult spre stânga. Funcţia Transform/Distort originale şi să salveze des etapele intermediare imagine am ales partea întunecată a Lunii şi din meniul Edit mi-a permis corectarea acestui ale imaginii/imaginilor prelucrate pentru a evi- din alta partea iluminată. Din a patra poză am lucru. Am insistat în mod evident mai mult pe ta posibilele accidente. Căci se poate întrerupe ales planetele. Aici cuvântul „ales” înseamnă partea dreaptă a pozei ca să nu deformez aspec- curentul sau obţinem un efect/aspect nedorit selecţia elementului respectiv şi transferarea tul Lunii şi al planetelor. A urmat o decupare sau am lucrat din greşeală la o rezoluţie nepo- lui în poza cu autobuzul. Am îmbunătăţit as- (Crop) pentru a obţine forma dreptunghiulară trivită tiparului sau... pectul fiecăruia dintre aceste elemente folosind şi încadrarea necesară. Din păcate nu puteam Am prezentat un fel personal de procesare a funcţia Levels. Le-am suprapus perfect peste finaliza aici căci se vedeau în cadru cablurile imaginii. A fost doar o modalitate să vă dau poziţia lor din imaginea de referinţă. Cea mai reţelelor de televiziune prin cablu şi Internet ce idei. Aşa cum există mai multe moduri de fo- dificilă aliniere a fost la îmbinarea părţii întu- străbăteau aproape pe mijloc toată imaginea. O necate cu cea luminată a Lunii. Au mai existat tografiere a aceluiaşi fenomen, tot aşa există muncă de retuşare cam anostă dar care solici- mai multe moduri de prelucrare a imaginii şi mici retuşuri locale ale cerului, în jurul pla- tă multă atenţie şi este consumatoare de timp. netelor si a Lunii, căci nuanţele acestuia erau depinde de imaginaţia fiecăruia cum va arăta Nu eram prea mulţumit nici de aspectul clădirii fotografia finală.
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