ROSTER of the UNITED NATIONS (As of 31 December 1957)
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Excerpt from Elizabeth Borgwardt, the Nuremberg Idea: “Thinking Humanity” in History, Law & Politics, Under Contract with Alfred A
Excerpt from Elizabeth Borgwardt, The Nuremberg Idea: “Thinking Humanity” in History, Law & Politics, under contract with Alfred A. Knopf. DRAFT of 10/24/16; please do not cite or quote without author’s permission Human Rights Workshop, Schell Center for International Human Rights, Yale Law School November 3, 2016, 12:10 to 1:45 pm, Faculty Lounge Author’s Note: Thank you in advance for any attention you may be able to offer to this chapter in progress, which is approximately 44 double-spaced pages of text. If time is short I recommend starting with the final section, pp. 30-42. I look forward to learning from your reactions and suggestions. Chapter Abstract: This history aims to show how the 1945-49 series of trials in the Nuremberg Palace of Justice distilled the modern idea of “crimes against humanity,” and in the process established the groundwork for the modern international human rights regime. Over the course of the World War II era, a 19th century version of crimes against humanity, which might be rendered more precisely in German as Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit (crimes against “humane-ness”), competed with and was ultimately co-opted by a mid-20th- century conception, translated as Verbrechen gegen die Menschheit (crimes against “human- kind”). Crimes against humaneness – which Hannah Arendt dismissed as “crimes against kindness” – were in effect transgressions against traditional ideas of knightly chivalry, that is, transgressions against the humanity of the perpetrators. Crimes against humankind – the Menschheit version -- by contrast, focused equally on the humanity of victims. Such extreme atrocities most notably denied and attacked the humanity of individual victims (by denying their human rights, or in Arendt’s iconic phrasing, their “right to have rights”). -
Move Away from Bits Framework: a Need for Multilateral Investment Treaty?
Working Paper No. 15/2017 | November 2017 Move away from BITs framework: A need for multilateral investment treaty? Malebakeng Agnes Forere Senior Lecturer University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg [email protected] The objective of this paper is to critically evaluate the desirability of multilateral treaty that will take into account the needs of developed and developing countries alike as developed nations seek to protect their investment abroad while developing nations want to attract investment, be able to regulate and most importantly they want to limit access to international arbitration. In achieving this objective, the paper will give a snapshot of recent developments indicating a shift away from BITs framework, international investment arbitration and what was considered customary international law of investment. Following from these highlights, the paper will then consider the need of multilateral investment treaty against the current developments. Further, the paper will then discuss how such a multilateral treaty should look like in order to get a buy-in from both the developed and developing nations. Research for this paper was funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs under the SECO / WTI Academic Cooperation Project, based at the World Trade Institute of the University of Bern, Switzerland. SECO working papers are preliminary documents posted on the WTI website (www.wti.org) and widely circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. These papers have not been formally edited. Citations should refer to a “SECO / WTI Academic Cooperation Project” paper with appropriate reference made to the author(s). Move away from BITs framework: A need for multilateral investment treaty? Malebakeng Agnes Forere* I. -
60 YEARS of UNA-UK
60 YEARS of UNA-UK by FRANK FIELD The first session of the UN General Assembly, Central Hall Westminster, January 1946 UK delegation from left to right; Ernest Bevin (Foreign Secretary) and his Minister of State Philip Noel-Baker © UN Photo/Marcus Bolomey Acknowledgements Introduction I am most grateful to Peter Dyson, Thelma de Leeuw, This publication is a celebration of the collective efforts Leah Levin, Veronica Lie, Suzanne Long, Bob Lorimer, of UNA headquarters, regions and branches as a ‘people’s William Say, Sherie Snaith and David Wardrop, who movement’ for the United Nations. It is not intended in have provided materials and useful information and any way as a comprehensive history. Some months ago I given me the pleasure of working with them, as old and was asked by Sam Daws to prepare a text along these new friends. I would also like to express my warm thanks lines, based on material from members (as requested in to Janet Blackman for her helpful comments at succes- the January-March 2005 issue of New World), UNA sive stages of the work. In view of his record service as archives, my own remembrances and experiences and as UNA-UK Director for 23 years, we are fortunate to have much information as I could obtain from past and pres- a contribution from Malcolm Harper on his period in ent UNA workers. I have indeed been fortunate in work- office. ing for the UN cause for more than 50 years as a UNA branch officer, Regional Officer, Director, UN consult- ant and as Adjunct Professor (International Institutions) in the Geneva Programme of Kent State University, Ohio. -
Duke Basketball Coaches Clinic Registration & Order Form
Duke Basketball Coaches Clinic Duke Basketball Office Box 90556 Durham, NC 27708-0556 Duke Basketball Coaches Clinic Registration & Order Form Each coach/guest needs a separate Registration Form. (Please make copies) Order Form Due to NCAA rules, only coaches may attend! Duke Coaches Clinic Registration Fee.....................$60 Players/children of any age cannot attend. Please Detach and Return to: Name Duke Coaches Clinic Duke Basketball Office Home Address Box 90556 City State Zip Durham, NC 27708-0556 (919) 613-7505 • Make Checks Payable to Deblin, Inc. Phone (H) (W) *Cash (with correct change) and Checks are the only accepted School forms of payment. MIKE KRZYZEWSKI CLINIC SCHEDULE Be sure to visit Duke University Head Basketball Coach Saturday, October 31st DukeBluePlanet.com Duke University Basketball and United States National Head Coach Mike Krzyzewski cannot be defined solely by those accolades reserved for Cameron Indoor Stadium for all the latest a highly successful sports coach. Indeed, Coach K has led the Blue Devils to information! numerous winning seasons, coached players who have produced superb 7:00 AM-12:00 PM Registration graduation rates, crafted a tremendous on-court legacy, and most recently led Team USA to Gold in the Beijing Olympics. However, the Hall of Famer 7:30-8:30 AM Juice & Coffee Available also sets the bar as a humanitarian of sport, an ambassador of education, a coach, a teacher, a friend, a family man, and a leader. Coach K is a superb clinician, communicator, motivator and strategist. His record speaks for 8:30 AM Intro & Practice Preview with Coach K itself. -
American and British Reactions to Mexico's Expropriation of Foreign Oil Properties, 1937-1943
THE DIPLOMACY OF EXPROPRIATION: AMERICAN AND BRITISH REACTIONS TO MEXICO'S EXPROPRIATION OF FOREIGN OIL PROPERTIES, 1937-1943 Catherine E. Jayne Submitted for the Degree of Ph.D., Arts Department of International History London School of Economics University of London November 1997 UMI Number: U111299 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U111299 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ^<3 32 S191 H S3S: 2 ABSTRACT On 18 March 1938 Mexican labour problems in the oil industry culminated in Mexican President Ldzaro Cdrdenas' decision to expropriate the holdings of 17 American, Dutch and British oil companies.^ The purpose of this thesis is to fill the gaps in the literature on the Mexican oil nationalisation by analyzing the policies of the oil companies, and comparing and analyzing in detail how policy was determined in both Britain and the United States at a time when Britain was trying to win US cooperation in the face of increasing hostilities in Europe and the Far East. While Whitehall wanted US cooperation in taking a firm stance against Mexico, Washington refused. -
Honoring Duke's NCAA Championship
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA SESSION 2015 RATIFIED BILL RESOLUTION 2015-8 SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 714 A JOINT RESOLUTION HONORING THE DUKE BLUE DEVILS ON WINNING THE 2015 NATIONAL BASKETBALL CHAMPIONSHIP. Whereas, on April 6, 2015, the Duke University men's basketball team won the 2015 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Championship by defeating the University of Wisconsin by a score of 68-63; and Whereas, this championship gives Duke University its fifth Division I NCAA title for the men's basketball program, adding to the championships won in 1991, 1992, 2001, and 2010; and Whereas, the Blue Devils have achieved an outstanding record during their NCAA tournament history, which includes being selected 13 times as a No. 1 seed and appearing in 39 tournaments with 11 championship game appearances, 16 Final Four appearances, 20 Elite Eight appearances, and 24 Sweet 16 appearances; and Whereas, the Blue Devils finished the 2014-2015 season with a record of 35-4 and were ranked No. 1 by the USA Today Top 25 men's basketball coaches' poll; and Whereas, much of the Blue Devils' success can be attributed to the leadership of head coach, Mike Krzyzewski, a Hall of Fame coach, who during his 35 seasons at Duke has led his teams to a record of 945-251; and Whereas, Coach Krzyzewski along with his coaching staff of associate head coach Jeff Capel and assistant coaches Nate James and Jon Scheyer guided the Blue Devils to an 11-2 record against nationally ranked opponents, including a 6-1 mark against top 10 foes; and Whereas, Coach Krzyzewski maintains the record for the most number of NCAA tournament wins, capturing his 88th NCAA win during the 2015 tournament, and with five championship titles he owns the second most championships in NCAA history; and Whereas, Duke's historic run also saw Coach Krzyzewski become the first NCAA Division I men's basketball coach to amass 1,000 career victories with the monumental win coming by virtue of a 77-68 triumph over St. -
General Assembly of North Carolina Session 2009 Ratified Bill
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA SESSION 2009 RATIFIED BILL RESOLUTION 2010-16 SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 1456 A JOINT RESOLUTION HONORING THE DUKE BLUE DEVILS ON WINNING THE 2010 NATIONAL BASKETBALL CHAMPIONSHIP. Whereas, on April 5, 2010, the Duke University men's basketball team won the 2010 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Championship by defeating Butler University by a score of 61-59; and Whereas, this championship gives Duke University its fourth Division I NCAA title for the men's basketball program, adding to the championships won in 1991, 1992, and 2001; and Whereas, the Blue Devils have achieved an outstanding record during their NCAA tournament history, which includes being selected 11 times as a No. 1 seed and appearing in 34 tournaments with 10 championship game appearances, 15 Final Four appearances, 18 Elite Eight appearances, and 25 Sweet 16 appearances; and Whereas, the Blue Devils won the 2010 Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) tournament championship, increasing the program's record to 18 ACC tournament titles, the most titles of any ACC member; and Whereas, the Blue Devils were the ACC regular season cochampions, achieving a conference record of 13-3; and Whereas, the Blue Devils triumphed on their home court this season by going undefeated; and Whereas, the Blue Devils finished the 2009-2010 season with a record of 35-5 and were ranked No. 1 by the USA Today/ESPN Top 25 men's basketball coaches' poll; and Whereas, much of the Blue Devils' success can be attributed to the leadership of head coach, -
Summary of AG-011 United Nations Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG) (1946-Present)
Summary of AG-011 United Nations Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG) (1946-present) Title United Nations Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG) (1946-present) Active Dates 1919-2014 Administrative History The Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG) was established initially in 1946 to assist the Secretary-General with relations with members and organs of the United Nations, and with specialized agencies and non-governmental organizations, as well as to assist with policy and coordination of the Secretariat. It was established shortly after the first Secretary-General of the United Nations took office following appointment by the General Assembly on 1 February 1946. The Executive Office of the Secretary-General "assists the Secretary-General in the performance of those functions which he does not delegate to the departments and for which he retains personal responsibility. These functions include consultation with governments and the heads of the specialized agencies and the supervision of special projects" (YUN, 1947-1948) It also aids in policy creation and implementation, coordinates the activities of the departments, publications and correspondence, and advises on UN protocol. The following Secretariat bodies reported to the Secretary-General from the beginning: the Department of Security Council Affairs, the Department of Economic Affairs, the Department of Social Affairs, the Department of Trusteeship and Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories, the Department of Public Information, the Department of Legal Affairs, the Department of Conference and General Services, and the Department of Administrative and Financial Services. From 1946 through the 1950s the EOSG was responsible for protocol and liaison with diplomatic representatives, as well as for relationships with non-governmental organizations, communications with member state representatives and related, and for the coordination and support of General Assembly activities. -
H/Stoaij
M 00L UN/S/ H/SToAij /rs-)\//,n<" m INTERVIEW APP ? fl ]V*4 tos-J/U fy Brian Urquhart ^ q Q October 19, 1984 /-7^ 5 Interviewer: Leon Gordenker Table of Contents The Congo Operation Dag Hammarskjold 1-5,14-39 Ralph Bunche 1,2,5-7,12,18,20,37,38 Joseph Kasavubu 1,2,9,13,14,16,22,23,25, 26 Patrice Lumumba 1-3,9,11,13,14,16,19,20, 21,23-25 F.T. Liu 1,5,15,18 Article 99 2,4 Secession of Katanga 2,13,17,18,24,26-33 The Belgians 2,3,6,10,11,12,27 17 Congolese with College Degrees 2 Mutiny of the Army 3,5-8,10,13 The Whites Fled the Congo 3 NATO Airfields 4 Soviet Union 4,14,20,22,24 Civilian Personnel 4 UN Troops 5,18,19,21,23,24,34,44,48 General von Horn 5 Sture Linner 5,22 UN Flag 7,8 Moroccan Troops 7-9,13 Setting up Congolese Administration 9,10,21 Communications 11,32 East-West Issues 12,14,16 The Congolese Army 13,19 Moise Tshombe 13,17-19,24-30,33,39, 41,42,45-48 Baluba Tribe 13,14,23 Mobutu; Coup d'Etat 14,15,22 CIA 15,35 Andrew Cordier 20,35,38 Rajeshwar Dayal 20,22 Nikita Khrushchev 22 Godefroid Munongo 24,25,46 . Death of Lumumba 24,25 Cyrille Adoula 26 Paul Henri Spaak 27 Mercenaries 27,28,41 Conor Cruise O'Brien 28-40 Death of Hammarskjold 29,30,37-39 r — Mahraoud Khiary 31 Law Suit Against Urquhart 33,34 UN Crisis on Congo 35 B.F. -
Treaty Series
UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES Treaty Series Treaties and internationalagreements registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations VOLUME 183 Recueil des Traites Traites et accords internationaux enregistres ou classes et inscrits au rlpertoire au Secr6tariat de l'Organisationdes Nations Unies Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded vith the Secretariat of the United Nations VOLUME 183 1953-1954 I. Nos. 2426-2435 TABLE OF CONTENTS I Treaties and internationalagreements registered from 21 December 1953 to 8 January 1954 No. 2426. United States of America and Hungary: Page Note by which the Government of the United States of America, in pursuance of article 10 of the Treaty of Peace with Hungary, signed at Paris on 10 February 1947, notified the Hungarian Government of those pre-war bilateral treaties between the two countries which the United States of America desires to keep in force or revive. Budapest, 9 March 1948 . 3 No. 2427. United States of America and Libya: Point Four Agreement for technical co-operation. Signed at Tripoli, on 21 January 1952 Exchange of notes constituting an agreement amending the above-mentioned Agreement. Tripoli, 30 April and 20 May 1952 ............. .... 177 No. 2428. Greece and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Exchange of letters constituting an agreement supplementing the Agreement of 11 October 1945 concerning the use and disposal of United Nations vessels captured or found by their forces in the course of operations for the liberation of Europe. London, 30 November 1945 ........ ... 197 No. 2429. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Belgium: Exchange of notes constituting an agreement regarding the exchange of official publications. -
The International Court of Justice
STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED NATIONS 731 COMMITTEE ON CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATIONS AD HOC COMMITTEE ON THE BASIC QUESTIONNAIRE Appointed at end of 24th session to serve until end of 25th session: Australia, United Arab Republic. Chairman: J. A. Forsythe (Australia). Re-appointed at end of 25th session to serve until Members: Australia, India. end of 26th session: Australia, United Arab Re- public. THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE The Court consists of 15 Judges elected for nine-year PARTIES TO THE COURT S STATUTE terms by the General Assembly and the Security All members of the United Nations are ipso facto Council, voting independently. parties to the Statute of the International Court of The Judges of the Court serving in 1960, with the Justice. The following non-member states have also year their terms of office were due to end, were, in become parties to the Court's Statute: Liechtenstein, order of precedence, as follows: San Marino, Switzerland. Country of End of Judge Nationality Term STATES ACCEPTING COMPULSORY JURISDICTION Helge Klaestad, President Norway 1961 OF THE COURT Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Declarations made by the following states accepting Khan, Vice-President Pakistan 1961 the Court's compulsory jurisdiction (or made under Jules Basdevant France 1964 the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Green Hackworth United States 1961 Justice and deemed to be an acceptance of the juris- Bohdan Winiarski Poland 1967 diction of the International Court for the period for Abdel Hamid Badawi United Arab 1967 which they still had to run), were in force at the end Republic of 1960: Australia, Belgium, Cambodia, Canada, Enrique C. -
Defending Democracy & Kristin Skare Orgeret Nordicom-Information
Defending Defending Oslo 8–11 August 2013 Democracy The 2013 NordMedia conference in Oslo marked the 40 years that had passed since the very first Nordic media conference. To acknowledge this 40-year anniversary, it made sense to have a conference theme that dealt with a major and important topic: Defending Democracy. Nordic Defending and Global Diversities in Media and Journalism. Focusing on the rela- tionship between journalism, other media practices and democracy, the plenary sessions raised questions such as: Democracy & Edited by What roles do media and journalism play in democratization • Kristin Skare Orgeret processes and what roles should they play? Nordic and Global Diversities How does the increasingly complex and omnipresent media in Media and Journalism • Hornmoen Harald field affect conditions for freedom of speech? This special issue contains the keynote speeches of Natalie Fenton, Stephen Ward and Ib Bondebjerg. A number of the conference papers have been revised and edited to become articles. Together, the articles presented should give the reader an idea of the breadth and depth of Edited by current Nordic scholarship in the area. Harald Hornmoen & Kristin Skare Orgeret SPECIAL ISSUE Nordicom Review | Volume 35 | August 2014 Nordicom-Information | Volume 36 | Number 2 | August 2014 Nordicom-Information Nordicom Review University of Gothenburg 2014 issue Special Box 713, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden Telephone +46 31 786 00 00 (op.) | Fax +46 31 786 46 55 www.nordicom.gu.se | E-mail: [email protected] SPECIAL ISSUE Nordicom Review | Volume 35 | August 2014 Nordicom-Information | Volume 36 | Number 2 | August 2014 Nordicom Review Journal from the Nordic Information Centre for Media and Communication Research Editor NORDICOM invites media researchers to contri- Ulla Carlsson bute scientific articles, reviews, and debates.