APPENDIX 1 – Extended Phase 1 Survey, 2007

VSM Estates Limited

Project MoDEL, RAF Ecological Appraisal March 2007

Halcrow Group Limited

VSM Estates Limited Project MoDEL, RAF Uxbridge Ecological Appraisal March 2007

Halcrow Group Limited

Halcrow Group Limited Red Hill House 227 Road Worcester WR5 2JG Tel +44 (0)1905 361361 Fax +44 (0)1905 361362 www.halcrow.com

Halcrow Group Limited has prepared this report in accordance with the instructions of their client, VSM Properties Limited, for their sole and specific use. Any other persons who use any information contained herein do so at their own risk.

© Halcrow Group Limited 2009

Halcrow Group Limited Red Hill House 227 London Road Worcester WR5 2JG Tel +44 (0)1905 361361 Fax +44 (0)1905 361362 www.halcrow.com

VSM Estates Limited Project MoDEL, RAF Uxbridge Ecological Appraisal

Contents Amendment Record This report has been issued and amended as follows:

Issue Revision Description Date Signed

1 0 Draft 05/03 DGW

1 1 Minor Amendments 09/03 DGW / SH

1 1 Approved 13/03 NM

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Methodology 2 2.1 Desk Study 2 2.2 Field Survey 2 2.3 Evaluation 3

3 Legislative, Planning Policy and Biodiversity Action Plan Context 4 3.1 Legislative Framework 4 3.2 Planning Policy 4 3.3 Biodiversity Action Plan 7

4 Baseline Conditions 9 4.1 Context 9 4.2 Natural Area 9 4.3 Designated Sites 9 4.4 Habitats 11 4.5 Species 13

5 Evaluation and Recommendations 16 5.1 Designated Sites 16 5.2 Habitats 16 5.3 Species 18 5.4 Summary 21

Figure 1 Site Location Plan Figure 2 Application Site Boundary Figure 3 Habitats Plan

Appendix 1 Target Notes

Executive Summary

Halcrow Group Ltd has been commissioned by VSM Estates Ltd. to carry out an ecological appraisal of RAF Uxbridge, to identify the likely impacts of the proposed re-development on the habitats and species present. The site is situated in Uxbridge, on the western fringe of , in the London Borough of Hillingdon., centred on Ordnance Survey Grid Reference TQ 063 835

This ecological appraisal updates a previous assessment undertaken by Entec Ltd. in February 2005 and is required to inform proposals for the re-development of the site for residential and commercial purposes.

The ecological appraisal involved undertaking a desk study combined with a field survey of the site. The report sets out the findings of this work and discusses these findings in relation to relevant legislation, planning policy and local Biodiversity Action Plans.

The site is not covered by any statutory or non-statutory designated sites of ecological note. ‘The River Pinn and Manor Farm Pastures Site of Borough Importance Grade 2’ is approximately 1km south of the site, with potential to be impacted by the proposed re- development as it is downstream of the site. The implementation of best practice measures to prevent pollution incidences to the River Pinn will ensure that there are no adverse ecological impacts on the designated site and will be in line with Policies EC1 and EC3 of the London Borough of Hillingdon Unitary Development Plan.

The site consists predominantly of buildings and amenity grassland with a number of trees, woodland, some semi-improved grassland and the River Pinn which runs north to south through the site. The habitats present are considered to be of value ranging from within the immediate zone of influence only, up to borough importance. Recommendations are included within the report for the retention, protection, enhancement or re-creation of some features. The recommendations are made to minimise and mitigate ecological impacts of the proposed re-development on habitats.

The ecological assessment has identified the potential for the site to support bats, great crested newt, otter, water vole, badger, reptiles, birds and stag beetle. The appraisal has recommended undertaking further detailed surveys of those areas, trees and buildings potentially suitable for bats, great crested newt, otter, water vole, badger, reptiles and kingfisher during optimal survey times if these potential habitats are to be affected.

Outline recommendations are also included for the incorporation of enhancement measures within the re-development for certain species.

The appraisal concludes that subject to the implementation of the recommended measures, and the findings of the recommended surveys, the proposed re-development of the site could be implemented without significant adverse ecological impacts.

1 Introduction

Halcrow Group Ltd has been commissioned by VSM Estates Ltd., to carry out an ecological appraisal of RAF Uxbridge, hereafter referred to as the ‘site’, to identify the likely impacts of the future re-development on the habitats and species present. This ecological assessment updates a previous assessment, undertaken by Entec Ltd. on behalf of Ministry of Defence Estate in London (MoDEL) in February 2005, in order to determine whether there has been any change to habitats and potential for protected species.

The site is situated in Uxbridge, on the western fringe of Greater London, in the London Borough of Hillingdon., centred on Ordnance Survey Grid Reference TQ 063 835 (Figure 1). The site is bordered by residential development to the north and east, the Hillingdon Road (A4020) to the west and by the River Pinn and Hillingdon golf course to the south. The site is proposed for mixed residential, leisure, retail and office development (Figure 2).

This report is structured as follows:

• Section 2 – Methodology. This section summarises the methodology used for undertaking the desk study and field survey. In addition it describes the basis for the evaluation of ecological features;

• Section 3 – Legislative, Planning Policy and Biodiversity Action Plan Context. This section sets out the considerations made while undertaking the ecological appraisal and informs the recommendations set out in Section 5;

• Section 4 – Baseline Conditions. This section describes the findings and context of the site with respect to the Natural Area profile, designated sites, habitats and flora and fauna. In addition, it identifies any actual or potential protected/notable habitat or species issues which have been identified; and

• Section 5 – Evaluation and Recommendations. This section sets out the conclusions and recommendations of the ecological appraisal in relation to relevant legislation, planning policy and nature conservation strategies as set out in Section 3.

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2 Methodology

2.1 Desk Study A desk study was conducted for a 2km radius of land encompassing the site. This area was considered to be sufficient to cover the likely zone of influence of the future re- development. The agencies and organisations contacted are as follows:

• Greenspace Information for Greater London (GiGL), (includes all records for the London Bat Group);

• London, Essex and Hertfordshire Amphibian and Reptile Trust (LEHART);

• London Mammal Group; and

• Hertfordshire and Badger Group (no response to date).

With respect to statutory designations, Natural England recommends consulting the Government’s ‘Multi-agency Geographic Information for the Countryside’ (MAGIC) website1. This source was consulted as part of the desk study.

This consultation exercise is valuable in identifying past records and nature conservation designations. Understanding nature conservation issues within the wider area helps in the assessment of the ecological value of a site and the habitats and species that a site supports.

Where applicable, information supplied by these organisations has been incorporated into the following account with due acknowledgement where they are particularly informative or relevant.

2.2 Field Survey An extended Phase I Habitat Survey of the site was undertaken by an experienced ecologist on the 21st February 2007. The field survey technique adopted was at a level intermediate between the Joint Nature Conservancy Council (JNCC) standard ‘Phase I’ habitat survey and ‘Phase II’ more detailed survey (JNCC, 2004)2. The scope and detail of the survey

1 www.magic.gov.uk 2 Joint Nature Conservancy Council (2004) Handbook for Phase I Habitat Survey – a Technique for Environmental Audit. Reprint 2003. Joint Nature Conservancy Committee, Peterborough

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undertaken follow the recommendations made by the former Institute of Environmental Assessment (1995)3.

The dominant plant species were recorded and habitats classified and mapped. Note was taken of the more conspicuous fauna, and any evidence of, or potential for the presence of protected animals was recorded.

The weather conditions during the survey were cloudy with sunny intervals (75% cloud cover) and a light south-westerly breeze. Air temperature during the survey was approximately 9-110C.

February is a sub-optimal time for undertaking an extended Phase I survey, with many plant species not visible. However, it is still possible to identify the habitat types present at the site, together with their dominant species, and potential for the occurrence of protected species.

2.3 Evaluation The habitats and species evaluations are based on the guidance from the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM)4. The level of value of specific ecological receptors is assigned using a geographic frame of reference, i.e. international value being most important, then national, regional, county, district/borough, local and lastly, within the immediate zone of influence of the proposals.

Value judgements are based on various characteristics that can be used to identify ecological resources or features likely to be important in terms of biodiversity. These include site designations (such as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)), or for undesignated features, the size, conservation status (either locally, nationally or internationally), and the quality of the ecological resource. In terms of the latter, ‘quality’ can refer to habitats (for instance if they are particularly diverse, or a good example of a specific habitat type), other features (such as wildlife corridors or mosaics of habitats) or species populations or assemblages.

3 Institute of Environmental Assessment (1995) Guidelines for Baseline Ecological Assessment. E. & F.N. Spon 4 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, 2006, Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment within the United Kingdom

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3 Legislative, Planning Policy and Biodiversity Action Plan Context

3.1 Legislative Framework Specific habitats and species receive legal protection in the UK under various pieces of legislation, including:

• The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended);

• The Badger Protection Act 1992;

• The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994; and

• The Hedgerow Regulations 1997.

Where relevant, the ecological appraisal takes account to the legislative protection afforded to specific habitats and species.

3.2 Planning Policy 3.2.1 Planning Policy Statement Note 9 – Biodiversity and Geological Conservation Planning Policy Statement 9 (PPS9), published in August 2005, outlines the Government’s commitment to the conservation of wildlife and natural features. It is mainly concerned with the protection of statutorily designated sites, although PPS9 also seeks to ensure that planning policies maintain, enhance, restore or add to biodiversity and geological conservation interests. The policies and guidance within PPS9 are material planning considerations.

3.2.2 London Plan: Spatial Development Strategy for London 2004 The London Plan has been produced by the Mayor of London setting out an integrated social, economic and environmental framework for the future development of London. The London Plan is supported by the biodiversity strategy which includes 14 detailed policies for London’s biodiversity, and 72 proposals for their implementation. These provide a comprehensive framework to deliver the Mayor’s vision and objectives in this area. Within this framework, the Mayor will give particular priority to four areas:

• Protection of biodiversity; • Positive measures to encourage biodiversity action, promoting the management, enhancement and creation of valuable green space;

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• Incorporating biodiversity into new development; and • Access to nature and environmental education. The London Plan contains the following biodiversity and nature conservation policies which were considered during the preparation of the ecological appraisal.

Policy 3D.12 Biodiversity and nature conservation ‘The planning of new development and regeneration should have regard to nature conservation and biodiversity, and opportunities should be taken to achieve positive gains for conservation through the form and design of development. Priority for habitat creation should be given to sites which assist in achieving the targets in Biodiversity Action Plans (BAPs) and sites within or near to areas deficient in accessible wildlife sites.

The Mayor will and boroughs should resist development that would have a significant adverse impact on the population or conservation status of protected species or priority species identified in the London Biodiversity Action Plan and borough BAPs.’

Policy 4B.6 Sustainable design and construction ‘The Mayor will, and boroughs should, ensure future developments meet the highest standards of sustainable design and construction and reflect this principle in UDP policies. These will include measures to… conserve and enhance the natural environment, particularly in relation to biodiversity.’

3.2.3 West London Sub-regional Development Framework (May 2006) The Sub-regional Development Frameworks are intended to help implement the London Plan by identifying issues that the relevant Boroughs should address in the preparation of their new Local development Frameworks and other planning policy documents. Guidance given in respect of nature conservation protection and river corridors, respectively includes:

Policy 4E Wildlife and biodiversity

Paragraph 215 ‘In line with best practice it is recommended that all major development in West London should generate a net increase in the quality and quantity of wildlife habitat…..’

Policy 4F The Blue Ribbon Network

Paragraph 218 ‘The Blue Ribbon Network in West London includes……[the] River Colne system…..’. Paragraph 221 ‘Some of the tributary rivers….have suffered from unsympathetic development and have become degraded. Restoration of these rivers will add to the environmental and amenity value of West London. Opportunities to implement recommendations from the North London River Restoration Strategy, to be published by the Environment Agency in 2006, should be taken…’.

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In turn, the North London River Restoration Strategy (actually published as Bringing Your Rivers Back to Life; A Strategy for Restoring Rivers in North London, Environment Agency February 2006) identifies that the reaches of the River Pinn upstream and downstream of RAF Uxbridge should be considered for full river restoration and in-channel habitat enhancement, respectively, although the river through the site itself is not identified for restoration.

3.2.4 London Borough of Hillingdon Unitary Development Plan 1998 The London Borough of Hillingdon, under The Town and Country Planning (Local Development) (England) Regulations 2004, is preparing a development plan known as the Local Development Framework (LDF). The LDF will eventually replace the existing Unitary Development Plan (UDP), which was adopted in 1998. The UDP contains the following ecology and nature conservation policies, which were considered during the preparation of the ecological appraisal.

Trees and Woodlands Policy OL26 ‘The local planning authority will protect trees and woodlands and encourage the preservation, proper management and in appropriate locations, the extension of woodlands.’

During the preparation of this appraisal the impacts of the proposed re-development on trees and woodlands is considered in accordance with Policy OL26.

Protection of Habitats Policy EC1 ‘The local planning authority will not permit development which would adversely affect the integrity of Sites of Special Scientific Interest, or be unacceptably detrimental to Sites of Metropolitan or Borough (Grade I) Importance for nature conservation, designated Local Nature Reserves and other nature reserves.’

During the preparation of this appraisal the impacts of the proposed re-development on Sites of Special Scientific Interest, Sites of Metropolitan or Borough (Grade I) Importance and Local Nature Reserves are considered in accordance with Policy EC1.

Policy EC2 The protection of species afforded by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (amended 1985) will be a material consideration.’

Protected species are considered in accordance with Policy EC2.

Policy EC3 ‘The local planning authority will require proposals for development in the vicinity of Sites of Nature Conservation Importance to have regard to the potential effects on such sites of changes in the water table and of air, water, soil and other effects which may arise from the development.’

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Sites of Nature Conservation Importance are considered as part of this appraisal in accordance with Policy EC3.

Creation of Habitats Policy EC5 ‘In determining planning applications the local planning authority may require certain on-site ecological features to be retained in new developments and seek to enhance the nature conservation and ecological interest of sites or create new habitats.’

Opportunities for enhancement are considered as part of this appraisal in accordance with Policy EC5.

3.2.5 Emerging Site Specific Policy London Borough of Hillingdon Site Allocations Development Plan Document (DPD) (Proposed Changes) (2006). The site is subject to a site-specific allocation in the Site Allocations DPD (Proposed Changes) (2006) which is the subject of Policy SA2 which includes the following:

• Creation of public open space/parkland in the green belt; and

• Environmental enhancement of River Pinn corridor and aim to protect and enhance local biodiversity.

3.3 Biodiversity Action Plan Following The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), the UK Biodiversity Action Plan was published in 1994 to guide national strategy for the conservation of biodiversity through Species Action Plans (SAPs) and Habitat Action Plans (HAPs), which set conservation targets and objectives. Most areas now possess a local Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) to complement the national strategy where priority habitats and species are identified and targets set for their conservation. BAPs are the key nature conservation initiative in the UK, working at national, regional and local levels.

The London Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP) has been produced by the London Biodiversity Partnership 2001 as an over-arching BAP for the Greater London area. The LBAP contains eleven HAPs for key habitats, of which the following are considered potentially relevant to the site and adjacent areas: Woodland; and Parks and Green Spaces.

The LBAP contains sixteen SAPs, of which the following are considered potentially relevant to the site and adjacent areas: Bats; Water Vole; House Sparrow; Stag Beetle; Reptiles; Swifts; and House Martin.

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The Hillingdon Biodiversity Action Plan Partnership is in the process of producing a Hillingdon BAP.

Both the UKBAP and LBAP were considered during the preparation of the ecological appraisal.

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4 Baseline Conditions

4.1 Context The site is situated in Uxbridge in the London Borough of Hillingdon. The site is bordered by residential development to the north and east, the Hillingdon Road (A4020) to the west and by the River Pinn and Hillingdon golf course to the south. The site is approximately 44.6ha and is comprised of a series of mainly military buildings with large areas of hardstanding and amenity grassland, characterised by numerous immature, semi-mature and mature trees, including some areas of woodland and the River Pinn, which flows north-south through the middle of the site.

4.2 Natural Area The site lies within the London Basin Natural Area (number 66). The London Basin is a large, trough-like basin which was formed around 50 million years ago, and is filled with mostly sands and clay sediments. About one-third of the Natural Area is covered by London and the wildlife of the Natural Area is characterised by islands of semi-natural habitats. These habitats include large areas of woodland, with extensive stands of mature beech woods, significant areas of lowland mixed deciduous woodland and numerous large wood pastures and parklands. There are also notable areas of heathland in the Natural Area.

The London Basin is drained by the and its extensive network of tributaries. It also has numerous canals, with some areas that are very rich in plants and invertebrates. Other freshwater habitats include a series of flooded gravel pits and reservoirs that support nationally important populations of waterfowl. Associated with many of these freshwater habitats are areas of grazing marsh, neutral grasslands and fens.

4.3 Designated Sites Records provided by GiGL (dated 14th February 2007) and on the ‘Magic’ website (24th January 2007) show that there are no statutory designated sites of conservation importance within the site boundary. The nearest, at 1.9km to the north west of the site, is Fray’s Farm Meadows Site of Special Scientific Interest.

There are no non-statutory designated sites of conservation importance within the site boundary, but there are 13 Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) within 2km of the site. These include three Sites of Metropolitan Importance (SMI), three Sites of Borough Importance Grade 1 (SBI1), six Sites of Borough Importance Grade 2 (SBI2) and one Site of Local Importance (SLI). These non-statutory designated sites are shown in Table 1.

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Table 1 Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation

Site Designation Site Name Description Approx. Ref. Distance From Site M006 Site of London’s Canals Support a wide range of aquatic 1.4km to the Metropolitan flora, including a number of west Importance locally uncommon species. (SMI) M043 SMI Little Britain Lakes, rivers scrub, woodland and 1.5km to the grassland within the Colne Valley west M045 SMI Mid Colne Valley A section of the Colne Valley 1km to the which includes a diverse range of north west high quality habitats HiBI06 Site of Borough Uxbridge Ponds Three ponds that support 0.2km to the Importance important populations of north Grade 1 (SBI1) amphibians, including great crested newt HiBI10 SBI1 at Section of river with a reasonable 0.7km to the Uxbridge Moor diversity of wetland plants and west waterfowl HiBI13 SBI1 Marsh, A mosaic of fields, ,hedges, 1.9km to the Austin’s Lane woodland, rivers and wetlands north east Pastures and Freezeland Covert HiBII01 Site of Borough Uxbridge Common An area of old meadow, 0.2km to the Importance Meadows hedgerows and small woods north Grade 2 (SBI2) HiBII02 SBI2 Common Plantation Woodland, scrub and carr 1.3km to the and Park Wood woodland north HiBII07 SBI2 River Pinn and Manor Stretch of the River Pinn 1.0km to the Farm Pastures bordered by grassland south HibII11 SBI2 The Grove A sequence of shaded ponds 1.0km to the surrounded by grassland and south east woodland HiBII41 SBI2 Uxbridge and Flower-rich grassland 0.7km to the Hillingdon south Cemeteries HiBII52 SBI2 Home Covert, Woodland and some species-rich 1.7km to the Lowdham Field and grassland an a pond east Pole Hill Open Space HiL04 Site of Local Hillingdon Court A large area of amenity grassland 0.4km to the Importance Park with scattered trees with some east (SLI) ditches

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4.4 Habitats The following habitat descriptions should be read in conjunction with Figure 3.

Buildings There are a number of buildings across the site of a variety of structures including single storey, two storey and three storey buildings mostly with pitched tiled/slated roofs, but some flat roof construction. The majority of buildings are still in use and well maintained although there are a number of houses in the north of the site which are now disused and in a poorer state of repair.

Hardstanding The site comprises a significant area of hardstanding of predominantly tarmacadam surface, which forms roadways and parking areas. In addition there are sports surfaces, with a sports track in the north of the site and surfaced sports area in the south east of the site. Areas of hardstanding are generally well maintained with some grasses and few ruderal species present where there are breaks in the surface.

Amenity Grassland The predominant vegetation type at the site is amenity grassland, which forms either narrow verges and borders or large areas of open space and sports field. The grassland is dominated by perennial rye-grass Lolium perenne, Yorkshire-fog Holcus lanatus and red fescue Festuca rubra, with daisy Bellis perennis, dandelion Taraxacum officinale, cat’s-ear Hypochaeris radicata, ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata, yarrow Achillea millefolium and creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens, with occasional creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans, and selfheal Prunella vulgaris. There are indications that amenity grassland is mown regularly.

Semi-Improved Grassland There are two areas of semi-improved grassland within the site (shown at Target Notes 1 and 4). In the north of the site (TN 1) the semi-improved grassland is below an area of recent deciduous tree planting and is comprised of Yorkshire-fog, red fescue, cock’s-foot Dactylis glomerata, and perennial rye-grass, with ribwort plantain, yarrow, creeping buttercup, speedwell Veronica sp., and locally occurring ox-eye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare.

The area of semi-improved grassland at TN 4 is adjacent to the River Pinn and at the time of survey included wet areas with some standing water. The grassland is primarily comprised of rank grass species including Yorkshire-fog, red fescue and cock’s-foot, with locally abundant soft rush Juncus effusus and sedge Carex sp.. Non-grass (forb) species include common sorrel Rumex acetosa, creeping buttercup, meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris, creeping cinquefoil, crane’s-bill Geranium sp. and meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria.

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Trees Standard trees are a feature of the site being planted abundantly throughout, within ornamental borders, amenity grassland and around buildings, car parks and roads. A variety of standard trees have been planted and range from recently planted to mature specimens and include London plane Platanus x hispanica, horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum, pedunculate oak Quercus robur, sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, poplar Populus sp., cherry Prunus sp., lime Tilia x vulgaris, Lombardy poplar Populus nigra var italica, silver birch Betula pendula and some coniferous species.

Broadleaved Woodland Woodland runs along most of the length of the river within the site comprised primarily of crack willow Salix fragilis, alder Alnus glutinosa with some ash Fraxinus excelsior and sycamore with elder Sambucus nigra and locally elm Ulmus procera below. The ground flora comprises nettle Urtica dioica, bramble Rubus fruticosus, ivy Hedera helix, herb Robert Geranium robertianum, and lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum. Woodland areas showed evidence of recent management to clear fallen trees but still retained a proportion of standing and fallen dead wood.

River The River Pinn runs through the site from north to south, bisecting the site in the north and forming the site boundary in the south east. The river is approximately 3m to 3.5m wide with banks generally low and shallow, although steeper in places in the south of the site. At the time of survey the river was relatively fast flowing and cloudy and therefore it was not possible to estimate water depth or substrate. Throughout the site the river runs through wooded or tree lined areas with the banks being vegetated with tall ruderal vegetation including nettle and bramble. There was no floating or submerged aquatic vegetation evident, with only some marginal common reed Phragmites australis.

Pond In the south east of the site, adjacent to the River Pinn, is one pond approximately 8m wide and 15m long. The water is shallow being approximately 15-20cm deep with a deep litter layer and abundant vegetation comprising bulrush Typha latifolia, with hard rush Juncus inflexus and soft rush on the margins. At the western end of the pond is a fringe of trees and laurel Prunus laurocerasus scrub, with the eastern end of the pond being scrub willow and bramble.

Scrub Areas of scrub are infrequent within the site, comprising either planted ornamental species or bramble and willow scrub below trees adjacent to the river. Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and dogwood Cornus sanguinea occur rarely.

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Ornamental Shrub Borders Infrequently across the site adjacent to the buildings and parking areas there are borders planted up with ornamental shrubs. These areas are well maintained.

4.5 Species Bats The following records have been received from GiGL (dated 14th February 2007) and LEHART (dated 2nd March 2007):

• Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus roost site approximately 1.5km south-west of the site;

• Two records of Noctule Nyctalus noctula approximately 1km to the east and west of the site;

• A record for pipistrelle and Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentoni approximately 1km west of the site;

• A Daubenton’s bat approximately 1.6km north east of the site; and

• One record for an unidentified bat species approximately 1.4km west of the site.

The site contained numerous semi-mature and mature trees as well as buildings with pitched and tiled roofs providing potential roosting habitat for bats. Given the known bat activity in the vicinity of the site, together with its proximity to potential foraging habitat (notably the river corridor and woodland), it is considered that the trees and dwelling have potential to support roosting bats.

Amphibians Records have been received from the desk study for great crested newt Triturus cristatus at three locations to the north, the nearest being approximately 0.4km from the site. There are also records for smooth newt Triturus vulgaris and an unidentified newt species within 2km of the site, the nearest record being 1.2km to the south west. There are records for both common frog Rana temporaria and common toad Bufo bufo within 2km of the site and at the time of survey frog spawn was present within the pond on site.

Otter The only record for otter Lutra lutra received during the desk study is an historic record in the Colne valley (record from 1967) just over 2km to the south west and anecdotal evidence from the notifications for SMIs within the Colne valley. During this extended Phase 1 survey no evidence of otter activity (such as holts and spraints) was found, although only short sections of the river were checked.

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Water Vole There is one record for water vole Arvicola terrestris returned during the desk study, that is approximately 1.5km to the north west of the site and likely to be from the River Pinn.

During this extended Phase 1 survey, no signs of water voles (such as droppings, lawns and footprints) were found and no burrows were identified which could be used by water voles, although only short sections of the river were checked.

Badger No existing records for badger Meles meles have been received during the desk study. During this survey no evidence of badger activity (such as latrines or setts) was seen, although a thorough site survey for badger was not undertaken.

Reptiles Information provided by LEHART as part of the desk study show records for high populations of slow worm Anguis fragilis and grass snake Natrix natrix approximately 2km south west of the site.

The majority of the habitat is managed amenity grassland, borders and trees which provides unsuitable habitat for reptiles. The semi-improved grassland, scrub and pond provide potential reptile foraging habitat, with scrub and woodland providing potential hibernation features. There was no evidence of reptiles during this field survey, although the extended Phase 1 survey was undertaken at a sub-optimal time of year for reptiles.

Birds Several records for protected or LBAP bird species were provided by GiGL. These include:

• Kingfisher Alcedo atthis approximately 1km to the north west of the site;

• Song thrush Turdus philomelos approximately 1.9km to the south west of the site;

• Starling Sturnus vulgaris to the east, north and south west of the site; and

• House sparrow Passer domesticus numerous records within the vicinity of the site.

During the general field survey incidental records were made of kingfisher (at the pond); green woodpecker Picus viridis; hedge accentor Prunella modularis; wren Troglodytes troglodytes, robin Erithacus rubecula; blackbird Turdus merula; mistle thrush Turdus viscivorus; mallard Anas platyrhynchos, moorhen Gallinula chloropus; carrion crow Corvus corone corone; and jay Garrulus gladarius.

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White-clawed Crayfish The ecological assessment survey undertaken in February 2005 identified the substrate of the river as a mixture of sands and gravels.

No existing records for white-clawed crayfish have been received during the desk study. During this survey it was not possible to check for evidence of white-clawed crayfish due to the depth of water.

Other Invertebrates The site is in use and maintained with limited potential for invertebrates. The woodland and trees provide potential habitat opportunities for invertebrates. The desk study did provide numerous records for the LBAP species stag beetle Lucanus cervus in the vicinity of the site.

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5 Evaluation and Recommendations

5.1 Designated Sites The site is not covered by or immediately adjacent to any statutory or non-statutory designated sites of ecological note, the nearest being Uxbridge Ponds SBI1 and Uxbridge Common Meadows SBI2 approximately 0.2km from the boundary and separated from the site by residential development and a railway line. Uxbridge Common Meadows SBI2 is ecologically linked to the site by the River Pinn, but is upstream of the site. The River Pinn and Manor Farm Pastures SBI2 is approximately 1km south of the south, with potential to be impacted by the proposed re-development as it is downstream of the site. Measures should be implemented as best practice to prevent contamination of the river by dust, silt, oils and other potential pollutants and be in accordance with Policies EC1 and EC3 of the London Borough of Hillingdon UDP.

The nearest site with statutory designation is Fray’s farm Meadow SSSI. This is an area of relatively unimproved wet alluvial grassland along the River Colne, located upstream of the confluence between the Pinn and the Colne. Therefore, there are no off-site or water quality risks to the SSSI associated with the proposed development.

5.2 Habitats Buildings and Hardstanding The buildings and hardstanding are considered to be of ecological value within the immediate zone of influence only; however some buildings provide potential opportunities for roosting bats which would increase their value. Recommendations with respect to bats are set out in Section 5.3.

Amenity Grassland, Ornamental Shrub Borders and Scrub The amenity grassland, ornamental shrub borders and scrub are species-poor and considered of value within the immediate zone of influence only, which can be re-created in the short- term. It is considered that the proposed re-development will provide opportunities for the ecological enhancement of the grassland. It is recommended that a scheme of ecological enhancement for the amenity grassland is developed in parallel with the design of the site. Enhancement features could include planting native trees, shrubs and the incorporation of new wetland pond features. The implementation of such measures will ensure that the proposed re-development is in line with UDP policy EC5 and policy 4E of the West London Sub-regional Development Framework.

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Semi-improved Grassland There is a relatively small area of the site comprised of semi-improved grassland. The northern area of this habitat type is comprised primarily of rank grass species and although this survey was not undertaken at the optimal time of year for identifying flora it is considered unlikely to be species-rich from its structure and identifiable species. The southern area comprises a number of species associated with wet grassland and further survey of the flora is required to fully determine the value of this grassland. Survey of the semi-improved grassland should adopt the National Vegetation Classification methodology. The semi-improved grassland is considered of local ecological value. It is recommended that areas of semi-improved grassland are retained and enhanced within the proposed development, particularly adjacent to the River Pinn.

Trees The trees on the site vary considerably from immature ornamental specimens to mature oak, London plane and horse chestnut trees. The mature and semi-mature trees on the site are valued in their own right as well as providing habitat opportunities for bats. In the urban context of the site the trees, collectively, are considered to be of borough ecological value. It is recommended that the proposed re-development should retain all existing trees within the site, particularly mature and semi-mature specimens, which should be subject to protective measures during the construction works. Where removal is essential the landscape scheme should include re-planting. These measures will be in accordance with UDP policy OL26. Recommendations with respect to bats are set out in Section 5.3.

Woodland Woodland is concentrated around the corridor of the River Pinn and is there is no evidence to suggest that any of the woodland is ancient semi-natural. Much of the tree growth and ground flora is indicative of woodland relatively recent in origin. The woodland is considered to be of local ecological value.

It is recommended that the proposed re-development should retain and enhance the woodland area or re-plant elsewhere on the site if some loss is necessary. Trees should be subject to protective measures during the construction works. This will be in accordance with UDP Policy OL26, whilst any additional planting would be in line with policy 4E of the West London Sub-regional Development Framework.

River The River Pinn provides a significant wildlife corridor through the site, as well as linking the site, both upstream and downstream, to Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation within 2km of the site and is therefore considered of borough ecological value. It is recommended that during the demolition and construction phase of the re-development, measures are put in place to prevent contamination of the river by dust, silt, oils and other potential pollutants

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in accordance with best practice and UDP Policy EC3. Any opportunities for improvements to the river channel upstream or downstream of the site would be complementary to the Environment Agency’s River Restoration Strategy for North London and thus compatible with the West London Sub-regional development Framework.

Pond The pond adds to the habitat diversity within the site, with evidence of nature conservation interest by the presence of an adjacent hide belonging to RAF Uxbridge Conservation Group. The pond is considered of local ecological value.

5.3 Species Bats All bats and their places of refuge are protected in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994.

There are numerous buildings and structures within the site with features suitable for use by roosting bats, such as bridges, roof voids and tiled roofs. Given the records for three species of bat within 2km of the site, it is recommended that a further detailed survey of all the buildings within site is undertaken to search for potential for, and evidence of, roosting bats.

The mature trees provide features with potential to be used as roosting habitat by bats, such as rot-holes, fissured bark and ivy. In order to inform the design process for the proposed re-development it is recommended that a survey of trees is undertaken to identify those with potential to support roosting bats. It is considered that should any mature trees be removed as part of the proposed re-development that they are taken down carefully in sections with a suitably qualified ecologist present.

If roosting bats are found, any works affecting the roost will need to be undertaken under a Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) licence. The licence application will need to be accompanied by a method statement, which will set out the mitigation measures that will be implemented for bats as part of the redevelopment. The type and level of mitigation is dependent on several factors, including the type of impact and the nature of the roost.

As an overall enhancement measure, it is recommended that bat boxes are erected on retained mature trees within the scheme preferably where associated with suitable foraging habitat.

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Amphibians Amphibians are partially protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 (as amended). Great crested newts are fully protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and the Conservation (Natural Habitats & c) Regulations.

The pond within the site provides potential aquatic habitat for great crested newts with abundant marginal vegetation. The adjacent semi-improved grassland and scrub/tree fringe along the river provide suitable terrestrial habitat for the species. There are records of great crested newts within 500m of the site (although divided from the site by a railway line), and anecdotal evidence that the species does occur frequently within the borough. It is therefore recommended that a great crested newt survey is undertaken at the pond during the optimal survey period for this species (mid-March to mid-June).

Otter Otters and their places of refuge are protected in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994.

No evidence of otters was found during limited searches undertaken during this field survey along the River Pinn. Otters are thought to be present in the vicinity (GiGL, February 2007), with the River Pinn providing potential habitat for otters. It is recommended that a detailed otter survey is undertaken along the stretch of the River Pinn within and immediately upstream and downstream of the site.

Water Vole Water voles receive protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The protection is afforded to their places of refuge and to water voles when they are using such a place of refuge.

No evidence of water voles was found during limited searches undertaken during this field survey along the River Pinn. Water voles are known to be present in the vicinity, with the Colne Valley being an important site for the species (GiGL, February 2007). The River Pinn provides potential habitat for water vole and therefore it is recommended that a detailed otter survey is undertaken along the stretch of the River Pinn within and immediately upstream and downstream of the site.

Badger Badgers are protected under the Badgers Act 1992, which makes it an offence to kill or injure badgers, disturb badgers within their setts, or cause damage to a badger sett.

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The woodland provides potential nesting and foraging habitat with the large areas of amenity grassland providing good badger foraging habitat. It is therefore recommended that a detailed badger survey is undertaken at the optimal time, being October to May.

Any works affecting a badger sett will need to be undertaken under licence from Natural England. The licence application will need to be accompanied by a method statement, which will set out the mitigation measures that will be implemented for badgers as part of the re- development.

Reptiles Reptiles receive a limited degree of protection in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).

The site provides habitat with potential to be used by reptiles including rough grassland, scrub, pond and woodland fringe. It is recommended that a reptile survey is undertaken to determine presence/absence and, if present, the species and population size. The survey would be undertaken during the optimal time for undertaking such a survey, namely April to June or September to October. If statutorily protected reptiles are found, a mitigation strategy will have to be prepared to protect the reptiles in advance of construction works.

The proposed re-development provides opportunities for enhancing the habitat for reptiles by including areas of longer grassland and scrub within the landscape scheme.

Birds All breeding birds, whilst actively nesting, are protected in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The site supports features (e.g. hedgerows, shrubs and trees), which could be used by breeding birds. Any works which will involve the removal or disturbance of features, which can be used by breeding birds should be undertaken outside the main bird breeding season, which is March to August inclusive. If the removal of such features has to occur during the bird breeding season, a survey by an experienced ecologist will be necessary immediately in advance of the works to check for nesting birds.

This survey noted a number of incidental records for birds, including kingfisher, which is specially protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), Schedule 15. The site is also provides habitat opportunities for the LBAP species song thrush, starling and house sparrow and the trees and buildings in particular are considered likely to provide habitat for bird species that are common within the Greater London area,.

5 It is an offence to take, injure or kill a kingfisher or to take, damage or destroy its nest, eggs or young. It is also an offence to intentionally or recklessly disturb the birds close to their nest during the breeding season.

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If the proposed development is likely to impact upon the River Pinn a survey should be undertaken during the optimal period (March to June inclusive) to identify any nesting kingfisher, to be in accordance with UDP Policy EC2.

It is recommended that the proposed re-development incorporates opportunities for bird species within the scheme. Opportunities could include the incorporation of landscape planting and the erection of a range of bird boxes on mature trees within open space.

White-clawed Crayfish White-clawed crayfish receive limited legal protection in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).

The River Pinn is considered unlikely to provide suitable habitat conditions for white-clawed crayfish. In addition, there are no known recent records within the River Pinn or adjacent watercourses. White-clawed crayfish are not considered a constraint to the proposed re- development.

Other Invertebrates Due to the high number of records for stag beetle in the vicinity and the number of mature trees and wooded areas containing dead wood habitat it is considered that the site provides suitable condition for the species. The proposed re-development should retain all semi- mature and mature trees and areas of woodland, which provide potential habitat opportunities for stag beetles. Where practicable a long-term plan for the management of the trees should be prepared which incorporates the habitat requirements (dead wood habitat) for stag beetle.

5.4 Summary In summary, it is considered that subject to the implementation of the recommended measures set out above, and the findings of the recommended surveys, that the proposed re- development of the site could be implemented without significant adverse ecological impacts and be in accordance with relevant legislation and planning policy.

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Figure 1 Location Plan (See Figure 1)

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Figure 2 Application Site Boundary (See Figure 2)

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Figure 3 Habitats Plan (See Figure 5)

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Appendix 1 Target Notes

Target Feature Note

1 Semi-improved grassland below an area of recent deciduous tree planting, comprised of Yorkshire-fog, red fescue, cock’s-foot and perennial rye-grass, with ribwort plantain, yarrow, creeping buttercup, speedwell and locally occurring ox-eye daisy.

2 Two mature pedunculate oak pollards with signs of rot. Potential as bat roost habitat although in a disturbed area adjacent to playing fields and development.

3 Pond with abundant vegetation comprising bulrush, with hard rush and soft rush on the margins. At the western end of the pond is a fringe of trees and laurel scrub, with the eastern end of the pond being scrub willow and bramble. Potential for kingfisher.

4 Area of wet semi-improved grassland, within the River Pinn floodplain, comprised of rank grass species including Yorkshire-fog, red fescue and cock’s-foot, with locally abundant soft rush and sedge. Non-grass species include common sorrel, creeping buttercup, meadow buttercup, creeping cinquefoil, crane’s-bill and meadowsweet.

5 Areas fenced off for security purposes – access not possible.

6 Woodland comprised of willow, alder and ash with scrub elm and elder. Ground layer mainly nettle and bramble, with garden escape daffodil, crocus, snowbell and bluebell noted as present.

7 Wet willow woodland with some alder. Ground layer mainly nettle with some cow parsley. Lying dead wood present.

8 Woodland dominated by immature ash growth with a canopy of semi-mature poplar. Ground layer predominantly ivy and bramble.

9 Bunker – access not possible.

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