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Universidade De São Paulo Ffclrp UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FFCLRP - DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA “Revisão Sistemática do gênero Mourasuchus (Alligatoroidea, Caimaninae), com comentários sobre filogenia, biogeografia e paleoecologia de Caimaninae”. Giovanne Mendes Cidade Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da USP, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, Área: Biologia Comparada RIBEIRÃO PRETO -SP 2015 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FFCLRP - DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA “Revisão Sistemática do gênero Mourasuchus (Alligatoroidea, Caimaninae), com comentários sobre filogenia, biogeografia e paleoecologia de Caimaninae”. Giovanne Mendes Cidade Orientação: Annie Schmaltz Hsiou Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da USP, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, Área: Biologia Comparada RIBEIRÃO PRETO -SP 2015 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Cidade, Giovanne Mendes Revisão sistemática do gênero Mourasuchus (Alligatoroidea, Caimaninae), com comentários sobre filogenia, biogeografia e paleoecologia de Caimaninae. Ribeirão Preto, 2015. Xvii + 246 p. Dissertação de Mestrado, apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Área de concentração: Biologia Comparada. Orientadora: Hsiou, Annie Schmaltz 1. Mourausuchus. 2. Caimaninae. 3. Crocodylia. 4. Mioceno. 5. Paleontologia de vertebrados. Nome: Cidade, Giovanne Mendes Título: Revisão Sistemática do gênero Mourasuchus (Alligatoroidea, Caimaninae), com comentários sobre filogenia, biogeografia e paleoecologia de Caimaninae Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão preto da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, área de Biologia Comparada Aprovado em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. _______________________ Instituição: ______________________________ Julgamento: ____________________ Assinatura: ______________________________ Prof. Dr. _______________________ Instituição: ______________________________ Julgamento: ____________________ Assinatura: ______________________________ Prof. Dr. _______________________ Instituição: ______________________________ Julgamento: ____________________ Assinatura: ______________________________ Dedico este trabalho com muito carinho à minha mãe, Dória, e ao meu pai, Pedro (in memorian), como agradecimento por todo o amor, carinho e apoio e pela inspiração que representam para mim. v Agradecimentos À minha mãe, Dória, e ao meu pai, Pedro, por todo o amor, carinho, compreensão e dedicação que tiveram por mim – o que me fez chegar até aqui e que me ajudarão a prosseguir adiante. À minha tia Joana, à minha prima Chênia e seu marido Luiz, meu primo Charles e sua esposa Camila, meu tio Roberto, e a meus outros familiares pelo apoio e carinho. Aos meus amigos da graduação Guilherme “Pibid”, Rafael “Doidão”, João “Batista” Custódio, Flávia, Juliana e Patrícia, por todos os bons – e nem tão bons, claro – momentos que temos passado nos últimos sete anos. E que venham mais setenta vezes sete, como diria aquele. Aos meus amigos Thiago, Diogo e Jefferson, da minha rua, igualmente por todos os momentos bons e os não tão bons que temos compartilhado, já há mais tempo. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) pela concessão da bolsa de mestrado e dos recursos de Reserva Técnica que tornaram este trabalho possível. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela concessão da bolsa usufruída antes da aprovação da Bolsa de Mestrado FAPESP. Ao meu orientador da graduação e, na prática, co-orientador de mestrado e amigo Prof. Dr. Douglas Riff Gonçalves, pelo apoio no desenvolvimento deste projeto. Aos meus colegas e amigos do laboratório de Ribeirão Preto: Paulo Ricardo, Marcos, Silvio, Simone, Júlio, Gabriel “Fumaça”, Bruno, Elisabete, Gabriel “Fuzil”, Victor “Funai”, Mario e Pedro “Tomate”. Aqui, cabe um agradecimento especial a Silvio, Simone, Fumaça, Funai e Pedro por terem me hospedado em suas respectivas habitações pelo menos uma vez ao longo desses dois anos. vi E mais especialmente ainda ao Tomate, por ter me abrigado e me ajudado também em Nova York, e por ter me ajudado com seu conhecimento sobre crocodilomorfos ao longo do projeto. Ao hoje Prof. Dr. Felipe Montefeltro, que sempre se mostrou muito generoso e atencioso comigo, me ajudando bastante com dicas e sugestões sobre o projeto e dividindo comigo seu grande conhecimento sobre crocodilomorfos e paleontologia em geral. Ao Prof. Dr. Max Cardoso Langer, do Laboratório de Paleontologia de Ribeirão Preto, por também ter me ajudado muito no desenvolvimento do projeto, se mostrando disponível sempre. Ao meu amigo Yuri, que me alojou no Rio de Janeiro, e ao meu amigo Dionizio, que incrementou ainda mais a diversão enquanto nós três lá estávamos. Ao meu colega e amigo Rafael Souza, pelo apoio durante o projeto, durante a minha estadia no Rio de Janeiro e nos trâmites da restauração do holótipo do Mourasuchus amazonensis. A todo o pessoal do Laboratório de Tafonomia e Vertebrados Fósseis do Museu Nacional da UFRJ, especialmente ao Hélder de Paula Silva, que está trabalhando na restauração do holótipo do Mourasuchus amazonensis, e a Uiara Gomes Cabral, pelo apoio no projeto e a ambos, pela acolhida durante a minha estadia no Museu Nacional. A Diógenes de Almeida Campos e Rodrigo Machado (DNPM, Rio de Janeiro) pelo acesso à coleção científica do Museu de Ciências da Terra e por autorizarem (e darem todo o apoio logístico) à restauração do M. amazonensis que está sendo feita atualmente no Museu Nacional. E, nesse sentido, faço também meus maiores e mais sinceros agradecimentos aos professores do Museu Nacional (UFRJ) Alexander Kellner, Luciana Carvalho e Sérgio Alex Azevedo, por estarem dando todo o apoio possível à restauração do material em sua instituição. Ao Professor Jonas Pereira de Souza-Filho, da UFAC, pelo acesso à coleção, por ter me autorizado a estudar tantos materiais, pela parceria e pela colaboração não só no projeto como nas minhas estadias no Acre. Nesse sentido, também estendo os agradecimentos a vii todo o pessoal da Paleontologia da UFAC: Andrea Maciente, Prof. Dr. Edson Guilherme, Prof. Dr. Francisco Ricardo Negri, Ukla Viera, Gustavo Henrique e Jéssyka Lopes. Ao Professor Ascánio Daniel Rincón, do IVIC (Venezuela), pela amizade e por todo o incrível, inacreditável e fantástico apoio que me deu na minha estadia na Venezuela, sem a qual minha passagem por lá nunca seria tão produtiva e agradável como foi. Lhe serei eternamente grato. Também ao seu aluno e meu amigo Andrés Solórzano, por todo o apoio na minha estadia – especialmente na viagem até Coro – e por todo as as informações trocadas sobre crocodilos, antes e depois da ocasião. Também agradeço aos outros alunos do IVIC Mónica, Damián e Leonardo por terem feito minha estadia lá tão bacana. Também agradeço ao Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) pela estadia e alimentação a mim conceididas enquanto lá estive. À Prof.ª Paula Bona, do Museo de la Plata (Argentina) também pela incrível disponibilidade, apoio, parceria, dicas e ensinamentos que têm me dado nesses dois anos de projeto. Lhe sou eternamente grato, também, e espero que a parceria renda muitos frutos daqui por diante. Ao Prof. Alan Turner, pelo acesso ao seu laboratório e sua coleção da Stone Bronks Univeristy (Estados Unidos), e por toda a gentileza e disponibilidade ao me receber por lá; também ao seu aluno Adam Pritchard, por ter me ajudado com tudo enquanto lá estive, e por ter quebrado um galho com uma carona para a estação de metrô. Ao Prof. Dr. Daniel Fortier, também por toda a disponibilidade, atenção e apoio que tem me dado desde que eu estava na graduação – a minha gratidão eterna, também. Aos colegas Francisco Barrios, Jorge Moreno-Bernal e Rodrigo Giesta Figueiredo, por todo o apoio, discussões sobre crocodilomorfos e pelas fotos que me disponibilizaram, tornando esta dissertação melhor com sua inestimável ajuda. Ao Prof. Dr. Christopher Brochu, por todo o apoio, dicas e sugestões ao meu trabalho, bem como o imerso acervo de fotografias e outros materiais que me disponibilizou. viii À minha professora de alemão Edetilde e à sua filha Carolina, que traduziram para mim um artigo em alemão – a minha gratidão eterna. Pelo acesso às coleções, além das pessoas que já foram citadas anteriormente, sou bastante grato a Gina Oneda (UNEFM, Coro, Venezuela), Hyram Moreno (Museu de Ciéncias Naturales de Caracas, Venezuela), Carl Mehling (American Museum of Natural History, Paleontologia de Vertebrados), David Kazirian (American Museum of Natural History, Herpetologia), e Patricia Holroyd (Museum of Paleontology da University of California, Berkeley). E, finalmente, à minha orientadora, amiga e companheira Annie Schmaltz Hsiou, por ter acreditado em mim desde o início, por toda a dedicação, carinho, liberdade e compreensão que me dispensou nesses dois anos. Eu poderia escrever mais, mais ainda assim seria injusto: tem a minha gratidão eterna também, mas isso é apenas o mínimo. Muito obrigado, muito obrigado, muito, muito muito obrigado mesmo, Annie. ix “Eu só quero é ser feliz andar tranquilamente na favela onde eu nasci” Cidinho e Doca, “Rap da
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