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A Geological Reconnaissance of the Dominican Republic

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A Geological Reconnaissance of the Dominican Republic Thomas Snowden, Rear Admiral, U. S. Navy, Military Governor of Santo Domingo "R. M. Warpibld, Lieutenant Commander, C. E. C, U. S. Navy In Charge of the Secretaryship of State of Fomento and Communications GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Thomas Watland Vatjghan, Geologist in Charge MEMOIRS, VOL. I A GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC T. W. Vaughan, Wythe Cooke, D. D. Condit, C. P. Ross, W. P. WOODRING, AND F. C. CaLKINS Prepared by the United States Geological Survey Official publication of the Secretaryship of State of Fomento and Communications, Dominican Republic WASHINGTON 1921 Thomas Snowden, Rear Admiral, U. S. Navy, Military Governor of Santo Domingo R. M. Warfield, Lieutenant Commander, C. E. C, U. S. Navy In Charge of the Secretaryship of State of Fomento and Communications GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Thomas Wayland Vaughan, Geologist in Charge MEMOIRS, VOL. I A GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC T. W. Vaughan, Wythe Cooke, D. D. Condit, C. P. Ross, W. P. WOODEING, AND F. C. CaLKINS Prepared by the United States Geological Survey Official publication of the Secretaryship of State of Fomento and Communications, Dominican Republic WASHINGTON 1921 PRESS OP GIBSON BROTHERS, INC. WASHINGTON, D. C. CONTENTS. PAGE. Chapter I. Introduction, by Thomas Wayland Vaughan 11 Preliminary arrangements for the geologic survey 11 Field work 12 OflSce work 13 Outline of results 15 Physiography 15 Stratigraphy and geologic correlation 15 Igneous activity and geologic structure 16 Economic geology 16 Acknowledgments 17 Chapter II. Bibliography, by Wendell Phillips Woodring 18 Chapter III. Geography, by Wythe Cooke 26 General features 26 Cordillera Septentrional 27 Samand, Peninsula 28 Cibao Valley 29 Cordillera Central 30 General features 30 Bonao trail 31 Sierra de Ocoa 32 Constanza trail 33 Trail from Sabaneta to San Juan 35 Valley of San Juan 37 Azua Plain 37 Sierra de Neiba 38 Sierra de Martin Garcia 38 Enriquillo Basin 39 Sierra de Bahcruco 39 Southern Peninsula 40 Coastal plain 40 Drainage 41 North slope of the Cordillera Central 41 South slope of the Cordillera Central 42 Cordillera Septentrional 42 Minor watersheds 43 Transportation 43 Railroads 43 Roads and trails 44 Coast line and shore features 44 Manzanillo Bay 44 Monte Cristi Bank 45 Puerto Plata Bay 45 Puerto Plata to Cape Saman^ 46 Samand Bay 46 East coast 47 South coast „ 48 3 4 A GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF THE DOMINICAN BEPUBLIC. PAGE. Chapter IV. Stratigraphic and structural geology and geologic history, by Wythe Cooke - 5" Stratigraphy ^ Basal complex ^^ Character and extent 5" Cordillera Central 50 Samand Peninsula 53 Cretaceous system 53 Tertiary system 56 Eocene series 58 Oligocene series 61 Tabera formation 63 Cevicos Umestone 65 Miocene series 65 Yaque group 65 Subdivisions 65 Previous studies 65 Baitoa formation 66 Bulla conglomerate 66 Cercado formation 67 Gurabo formation 69 Mao Adentro limestone 73 Mao clay 74 Cerros de Sal formation 75 Miocene or Pliocene series 76 Plant-bearing beds at Sdnchez 76 Pliocene series 76 Las Matas formation 76 Quaternary system 76 Structure 77 OutUne of geologic history 79 Chapter V. Metamorphic and igneous rocks, by F. C. Calkins 83 Metamorphic sedimentary rocks 83 Granular intrusive rocks 84 Dike rocks 85 Lavas 86 Tuffaceous rocks 87 Chapter VI. Tertiary and Quaternary stratigraphic paleontology, by Thomas Wayland Vaughan and Wendell PhiUips Woodring 89 Objects of the paleontologic work 89 Paleontologic literature 90 Geologic correlation 91 Relations of Dominican Tertiary and Quaternary biota 94 Eocene 94 OHgocene _ 95 Miocene 96 Yaque group, north side 96 Baitoa formation 96 Cercado formation 96 Modified Cercado fauna 97 Gurabo formation gg Mao Adentro Umestone lOO CONTENTS. 6 PAGE. Chapter VI. Tertiary and Quaternary stratigraphic paleontology, by Thomas Wayland Vaughan and Wendell Phillips Woodring—Continued. Relations of Dominican Tertiary and Quaternary biota—Continued. Miocene—Continued. Yaque group, north side—Continued. Mao clay 101 Monte Cristi district 101 Yaque group, south side 102 Cerros de Sal formation 103 Miocene or Pliocene district of Samand 103 Pleistocene or younger 103 Extinct mammals of the Dominican Republic 104 Lists of localities aad fossils 105 Eocene 105 Middle Oligocene 107 Upper Ohgocene 110 Probably Oligocene Ill Apparently upper Ohgocene 112 Miocene 113 Yaque group, north side 113 Baitoa formation 113 Cercado formation 114 Modified Cercado favma 129 Gurabo formation 130 Deeper water fades of Gurabo formation 147 Mao Adentro limestone 151 Mao clay 153 Miocene or older 153 Yaque group, province of Monte Cristi 154 Yaque group, south side _ 155 Cerros de Sal formation 163 Miocene or Pliocene, Province of Samand Ifi5 PUocence or Pleistocene, Province of Monte Cristi 165 Pleistocene or younger 166 Chapter VII. Geology and water resources of the vicinity of Monte Cristi, by Clyde P. Ross 169 Character and purpose of the work done 169 Topography 169 Geology 171 Quartz diorite 171 Oligocene (?) limestone and sandstone 171 Oligocene tuffs 172 Miocene sedimentary rocks 172 Phocene (?) gravel 175 Pleistocene (?) beach deposits 175 Recent alluvium 175 Structure 176 Water resources 177 Surface water supply 177 6 A GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OP THE DOMINICAN KEPUBLIC. PAGE. Chapter VII. Geology and water resources of the vicinity of Monte Cristi, by Clyde P. Ross—Continued. Water resources—Continued. Undergroimd water supply l'^^ Possibility of obtaining ground water 177 Possibility of obtaining artesian water 178 Conclusions and recommendations 179 Chapter VIII. Geology of the Province of Samand, by Clyde P. Ross 181 Topography ~ 1^1 Samand, Peninsula 181 South shore of Samand Bay 182 Geology 182 Basal complex 182 Early Tertiary hmestone conglomerate - 183 OUgocene or Miocene hmestone 183 Miocene or PUocene clay, sand, and conglomerate 184 Pleistocene or Recent terraces and coral reefs 184 Recent deposits — 185 Economic geology 185 Chapter IX. Geology of the provinces of Barahona and Azua, by D. Dale Condit and Clyde P. Ross 186 Area examined 186 Geography 186 Land forms 187 Province of Barahona 187 Province of Azua 188 Drainage 189 Rivers 189 Lakes 189 Springs 192 Chemical composition of spring water 193 Towns and villages 194 Routes of travel 196 Chmate and vegetation 197 Products 198 Geology 199 Stratigraphy „ 199 Pre-Tertiary rocks 199 Tertiary sedimentary rocks 199 Eocene 199 Oligocene 200 Miocene _ 201 Yaque group 201 Cerros de Sal formation 20i Phocene 201 Las Matas formation 201 Quaternary sediments 202 "Coast hmestone" 202 Alluvial deposits 202 CONTENTS. 7 PAGE. Chapteb IX. Geology of the provinces of Barahona and Azua, by D. Dale Condit and Clyde P. Ross—Continued. Geology—Continued. Igneous rocks 202 Geologic structure 203 Areal geology 203 General featiures 203 The Cordillera Central 204 Rio Yaque Valley 206 San Juan Valley 209 General features 209 Local details 210 Area east of Rio Yaque del Sur 212 Enriquillo Basin 213 Outline of geology _ 213 Vicinity of Barbacoa and eastward 214 Cerros de Sal 214 The salt deposits 215 Petroleum possibilities in Enriquillo Basin 219 Sierra Bahoruco south of DuvergS 219 Barahona-Bahoruco coast 221 Azua and vicinity 222 Outline of geology 222 The Azua oil field 223 General features 223 History of development 224 Quality of oil 224 Reported oil seepages east of Azua 225 Summary of economic geology 226 Oil and gas 226 Salines 227 Gypsum 227 Metalliferous deposits 227 Chapter X. Economic geology, by D. Dale Condit and Clyde P. Ross 228 Mining concessions in force in July, 1919 228 Mineral deposits near Hatillo and Maim6n, province of La Vega 228 Magnetite deposits near Hatillo 229 Copper deposits near Hatillo 230 The Maim6n iron deposits 231 La Perseverancia nickel deposit, province of Santo Domingo 231 History of concessions 231 Geography 232 Geology 232 Mining operations 233 Mode of occurrence of nickel 233 Results of sampling 234 Conclusions 235 The San Crist6bal mining district, province of Santo Domingo 236 Location and access 236 8 GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OP THE DOMINICAN EEPUBLIC. PAGE. Chapter X. Economic geology, by D. Dale Gondii and Clyde P. Ross—Continued. The San Cristobal mining district, province of Santo Domingo—Continued. History 237 Development 237 Geology - 238 Bficaro Hill ore deposits 239 Ore deposits on San Francisco HUl 1 240 Ija Rama prospect 240 Conclusions.'. 241 Summary statement on economic geology 242 Gold 242 Silver 242 Platinum 242 Nickel 243 Copper 243 Iron 243 Manganese and lead 243 Oil 243 Coal 244 Amber 244 Common salt , 244 Gypsum 244 Other salts 245 Building stone 245 Rock for concrete 245 Road metal 246 Lime 249 Brick 249 Ground water 249 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE. Plate I. Physiographic provinces of the Dominican Republic 26 II. A, South front of the Cordillera Septentrional as seen looking north, from a point east of Santiago; B, El Morro de Monte Cristi as seen from the south side; C, Loma la Ciimbre, the summit of the Cordil- lera Septentrional between Altamira and El Aguacate, as seen look- ing northward 28 III. A, Monte Isabel de Torres; B, Santa Barbara de Samand; C, San- chez, showing terraces between the hills and the shore 30 IV. A, Vega Real, Sabana Liana near El Higo Gordo, province of La Vega, with the foothills of the Cordillera Central in the distance; B, Valley of Rio Yaque del Norte north of Esperanza 32 V. A, View northward from Hatillo, 28.5 kilometers northwest of the city of Santo Domingo; B, View southward from Loma Coco be- tween Hatillo and El Madrigal; C, Terrace flat at El Madrigal, on Rio Jaina 34 VI. A, Loma Pefiita as seen from the trail from Sabaneta to Restau- raci6n; B, Siete Picos, looking northeastward from La Mata, be- tween El Madrigal and Sabana Grande 36 Vll. A, Terraces on Rio Magud above San Pedro de Macorls; B, Sierra Prieta; cUff of white limestone; C, Gorge of Rio Mao above BuUa 40 VIII.
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