DOCSLIB.ORG

Natalis” in the Name of the Yellow Bullhead Ameiurus Natalis Christopher Scharpf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Natalis” in the Name of the Yellow Bullhead Ameiurus Natalis Christopher Scharpf Lost in Translation: The True Meaning of “Natalis” in the Name of the Yellow Bullhead Ameiurus natalis Christopher Scharpf 11 American Currents Vol. 45, No. 2 LOST IN TRANSLATION: THE TRUE MEANING OF “NATALIS” IN THE NAME OF THE YELLOW BULLHEAD AMEIURUS NATALIS Christopher Scharpf The ETYFish Project The Yellow Bullhead Ameiurus natalis (Figure 1) is a catfish (Si- French cognate of Pimelodus natalis in the form of “Pimelode luriformes: Ictaluridae) native to North American fresh waters Noël.” In naming this catfish natalis, Lesueur was in fact honor- from southern Canada and the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mex- ing a French fisheries inspector whose name means Christmas: ico, west into the Great Plains and the Rio Grande, with nonin- Simon-Barthélemy-Joseph Noël de La Morinière (1765–1822). digenous populations throughout most of the contiguous Unit- ed States and in the lower Colorado River system of México. The LESUEUR’S ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION species was introduced to science under the name Pimelodus To accurately understand the etymology of any plant or animal natalis by French naturalist Charles-Alexandre Lesueur in 1819. binomen, it is essential to consult the publication in which the Since Lesueur did not explain the meaning of natalis, Ameri- name was proposed. Since Jordan’s explanation of the mean- can ichthyologist David Starr Jordan attempted to explain the ing of natalis involves anatomical characters (nates or buttocks) name in several publications, including the seminal four-vol- presumably possessed by the fish, it is instructive to see if those ume Fishes of North and Middle America (1896-1900). Jordan characters are mentioned by the naturalist who coined the claimed that natalis means “having large nates, or buttocks.” name. In the case of Ameiurus natalis, the answer is no. Jordan’s explanation has been repeated in many scientific and Born in Le Havre, France, Charles-Alexandre Lesueur (or Le popular publications ever since. Unfortunately, it is incorrect. Sueur, 1778–1846; Figure 2), was an artist and naturalist who ex- Jordan based his explanation on a misinterpretation of the plored the world collecting and illustrating animals new to sci- Middle English natal, which, depending on its derivation, can ence. In 1815, he joined Scottish mineralogist William Maclure mean two widely different things: buttocks or Christmas. Jordan (1763–1840) on a study tour of the West Indies and the United applied the anatomical version of natal to the catfish’s name, States. Lesueur settled in Philadelphia in the spring of 1816 and apparently unaware that Lesueur included in his description a was elected a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences in De- cember of that year. His lithographs for the premier issue of the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences may be the first litho- graphs published in America (Peck and Stroud 2012:16). In the early years of the 19th century, the fishes of North Amer- ica represented a largely unknown fauna. Knowing that many new species awaited discovery, Lesueur set out to collect, illustrate, and study the fishes of this young and unexplored country. From 1817–1825, he published 19 ichthyological papers, in English, in the Academy’s Journal. These papers included the original descriptions of such well-known American fishes as the American Eel Anguilla Figure 1. Possibly the first published image of Ameiurus rostrata (1817), Chain Pickerel Esox niger (1818) and Sailfin Molly natalis. Illustration by Charlotte M. Pinkerton, appearing in Poecilia latipinna (1821), to name but three. His lone non-English Forbes & Richardson’s Fishes of Illinois (1908). paper on fishes during this time was “Notice de quelques poissons découverts dans les lacs du Haut-Canada, durant l’été de 1816” (“Re- Christopher Scharpf was the editor of American Currents from cord of some fishes found in lakes of Upper Canada during the sum- 1996 through 2008. He has also served on NANFA’s Board of mer of 1816”), in the French journal Mémoires du Muséum d’Histoire Directors and as Membership Coordinator. He met his future Naturelle, Paris, published in 1819. This paper contains the original wife Stephanie at the NANFA Convention in Chattanooga in description of two catfish species whose names are still valid today: 1998. Since 2009, Chris has been working on The ETYFish Proj- the Brown Bullhead Pimelodus (now Ameiurus) nebulosus and the ect, the first and only reference to explain the derivations and Yellow Bullhead Pimelodus (now Ameiurus) natalis.1 meanings of the generic and specific names of all the fishes of the world. He hopes to wrap things up in 2021. Chris was named 1 In 1819, Pimelodus was a catch-all genus for many non-European cat- a NANFA Fellow in 2004. fishes. Proposed by Lacepède in 1803, the name refers to the “fatty” or Spring 2020 American Currents 12 is long and rounded; their color is dark red, mixed with a little yellow; the top of the head is a dark green tint, which is lighter on the back, turning yellow on the sides and becoming light yellow on the abdomen. The lateral line is straight and more apparent in this species than in others. The head is wide and a bit spherical [round]; the teeth have the same distribution as in other species [of Pimelodus]. There are eight whiskers. Those of the low- er jaw are uneven; the two in the center are the shortest. This species does not reach a remarkable size; it barely is over 8 French inches. The remainder of the text under the Pimelode“ noël” header comprises a provisional description of another catfish species, which Lesueur informally called “Pimelodon livrée.” Surgeon- naturalist John Richardson (1787–1865) cited Lesueur’s descrip- tion when he formally named the species Silurus (Pimelodus) in- signe (now known as the Margined Madtom Noturus insignis) in 1836 (p. 132). As is clearly evident, Lesueur did not mention rumps, nates or buttocks in his description. The inclusion of these body parts in the nomenclatural history of Ameiurus natalis began with David Starr Jordan. NATALIS VS. NATAL: ORIGIN OF AN ETYMOLOGICAL ERROR David Starr Jordan (1851–1931; Figure 3) was the dominant figure Figure 2. Charles Alexandre Lesueur in 1818, oil portrait by in American ichthyology throughout the 50-year period strad- Charles Willson Peale. Note the eel (perhaps Anguilla rostra- dling the 19th and 20th centuries. He and his students and col- ta) in the jar. leagues were responsible for hundreds of taxonomic and regional Lesueur’s description of P. natalis is poorly done by today’s publications, culminating in the four-volume Fishes of North and standards and does not appear to provide a truly differentiat- Middle America (1896–1900), co-authored with frequent collabo- ing character. Not helping matters is the fact that no type speci- rator Barton Warren Evermann (1853–1932). mens survive, preventing one from examining the same fish that Like many of his contemporaries, Jordan was schooled in Latin. Lesueur had before him in 1819. Nevertheless, the name Pimelo- He mentioned studying Latin at a young age in his autobiography dus natalis became established in the literature, eventually be- Days of a Man (1922:I,19), and was one of the first ichthyologists, coming Amiurus (correctly Ameiurus) natalis when Theodore Gill if not the first, to regularly include fish-name etymologies in his revised the North American catfishes in 1861. Since it is impor- publications. In fact, Jordan tapped his Stanford University col- tant to note the presence or absence of specific anatomical features league, Walter Miller (1864–1949), a linguist and classical scholar, in Lesueur’s description, it is useful to provide an accurate English to review and correct the name etymologies in Fishes of North and translation here: Middle America (I,vii). Despite this pedigree, Jordan misinter- Pimelode noël. (P. natalis.) preted or mistranslated Lesueur’s use of the word natalis, engen- Spec[ific] charact[eristics]: An even body, fins tinted dering a false etymological explanation that persists to this day. dark red, olive-colored and plain [unmarked?] on the Natus is a Latin noun meaning birth.2 Natalis is the adjectival back, yellow under the stomach. form of that noun (i.e., of or belonging to one’s birth) and the root This pimelode has an even body from the dorsal to of such modern words as natal, innate and native. Natalis can also the tail, and can be contained between two parallels. be a noun, referring to a nativity (now usually called a birthday), an It is as high at the base of the adipose fin and at the anniversary or a commemorative festival. With the advent and rise end of the anal fin as from the base of the first dorsal, of Christianity, natalis came to be applied to one birthday and com- descending to the pectorals; whereas in other fish spe- memorative festival in particular: Dies Natalis Domini (Christi), or cies, the part next to the tail is always the least high; the Birthday of the Lord (Christ). The ecclesiastical meaning of natalis is form of the fins differs little from the previous species; reflected in the words for Christmas in several languages, including that of the tail is shortened in a straight line. The anal Navidad (Spanish), Natale (Italian), Natal (Portuguese), and Noël (French, variant of nael, a doublet3 of natal). Beginning in 1887, zo- adipose fin possessed by many catfishes (pimele, fat; -odes, having the form of), including Ameiurus natalis. Today, Pimelodus (with 37 or so 2 species from Central and South America) is the type genus of the neo- Derivations and meanings of natus and nates and their non-ecclesiasti- tropical catfish family Pimelodidae.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lepidoptera of North America 5
    Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains,
    [Show full text]
  • Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment
    PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Acoustic Communication in the Nocturnal Lepidoptera
    Chapter 6 Acoustic Communication in the Nocturnal Lepidoptera Michael D. Greenfield Abstract Pair formation in moths typically involves pheromones, but some pyra- loid and noctuoid species use sound in mating communication. The signals are generally ultrasound, broadcast by males, and function in courtship. Long-range advertisement songs also occur which exhibit high convergence with commu- nication in other acoustic species such as orthopterans and anurans. Tympanal hearing with sensitivity to ultrasound in the context of bat avoidance behavior is widespread in the Lepidoptera, and phylogenetic inference indicates that such perception preceded the evolution of song. This sequence suggests that male song originated via the sensory bias mechanism, but the trajectory by which ances- tral defensive behavior in females—negative responses to bat echolocation sig- nals—may have evolved toward positive responses to male song remains unclear. Analyses of various species offer some insight to this improbable transition, and to the general process by which signals may evolve via the sensory bias mechanism. 6.1 Introduction The acoustic world of Lepidoptera remained for humans largely unknown, and this for good reason: It takes place mostly in the middle- to high-ultrasound fre- quency range, well beyond our sensitivity range. Thus, the discovery and detailed study of acoustically communicating moths came about only with the use of electronic instruments sensitive to these sound frequencies. Such equipment was invented following the 1930s, and instruments that could be readily applied in the field were only available since the 1980s. But the application of such equipment M. D. Greenfield (*) Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l’insecte (IRBI), CNRS UMR 7261, Parc de Grandmont, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37200 Tours, France e-mail: [email protected] B.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS KENYA January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/20E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Kenya. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). Overview of forest pests - Kenya TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests...................................................................................................................... 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of School Closure On
    The Role of Sound and Pheromone in the Sexual Communication of the Raspberry Crown Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae): Implications for Monitoring and Management by Carolyn Jane Teasdale B.Sc. (Global Resource Systems), University of British Columbia, 2003 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Pest Management in the Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Carolyn Jane Teasdale 2012 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2012 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for "Fair Dealing." Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Carolyn Jane Teasdale Degree: Master of Pest Management Title of Thesis: The Role of Sound and Pheromone in the Sexual Communication of the Raspberry Crown Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae): Implications for Monitoring and Management Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Margo Moore, Professor Dr. Gerhard Gries Senior Supervisor Professor Dr. Jenny Cory Supervisor Professor Dr. Gary Judd Supervisor Research Scientist, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada Dr. Sheila Fitzpatrick External Examiner Research Scientist, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada April 24, 2012 Date Defended/Approved: ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract The raspberry crown borer, Pennisetia marginata (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a pest of caneberries in the genus Rubus. Understanding its sexual communication may lead to the development of sound- and/or semiochemical-based monitoring and management tools. Newly-eclosed females wing fan. By testing playback of recorded sounds in pheromone-baited traps, I revealed that wing fanning is not involved in long- range sexual communication.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lepidoptera Rapa Island
    J. F. GATES CLA, The Lepidoptera Rapa Island SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1971 NUMBER 56 .-24 f O si % r 17401 •% -390O i 112100) 0 is -•^ i BLAKE*w 1PLATEALP I5 i I >k =(M&2l2Jo SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 56 j. F. Gates Clarke The Lepidoptera of Rapa Island SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1971 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report
    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
    [Show full text]
  • PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPH Ll
    PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPH ll Lepidoptera of American Samoa with particular reference to biology and ecology By John Adams Comstock Published by Entomology Department, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A. 1966 PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPHS Published by Entomology Department, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96819, U. S. A. Editorial Committee: J. L. Gressitt, Editor (Honolulu), S. Asahina (Tokyo), R. G. Fennah (London), R. A. Harrison (Christchurch), T. C. Maa (Honolulu & Taipei), C. W. Sabrosky (Washington, D. C), R. L. Usinger (Berkeley), J. van der Vecht (Leiden), K. Yasumatsu (Fukuoka), E. C. Zimmerman (New Hampshire). Assistant Editors: P. D. Ashlock (Honolulu), Carol Higa (Honolulu), Naoko Kunimori (Fukuoka), Setsuko Nakata (Honolulu), Toshi Takata (Fukuoka). Business Manager: C. M. Yoshimoto (Honolulu). Business Assistant: Doris Anbe (Honolulu). Business Agent in Japan: K. Yasumatsu (Fukuoka). Entomological staff, Bishop Museum, 1966: Doris Anbe, Hatsuko Arakaki, P. D. Ashlock, S. Azuma, Madaline Boyes, Candida Cardenas, Ann Cutting, M. L. Goff, J. L. Gressitt (Chairman), J. Harrell, Carol Higa, Y. Hirashima, Shirley Hokama, E. Holzapfel, Dorothy Hoxie, Helen Hurd, June Ibara, Naoko Kuni­ mori, T. C. Maa, Grace Nakahashi, Setsuko Nakata (Adm. Asst.), Tulene Nonomura, Carol Okuma, Ka­ tharine Pigue, Linda Reineccius, T. Saigusa, I. Sakakibara, Judy Sakamoto, G. A. Samuelson, Sybil Seto, W. A. Steffan, Amy Suehiro, Grace Thompson, Clara Uchida, J. R. Vockeroth, Nixon Wilson, Mabel Ya- tsuoka, C. M. Yoshimoto, E. C. Zimmermann. Field associates: M. J. Fitzsimons, E. E. Gless, G. E. Lip- pert, V. Peckham, D. S. Rabor, J. Sedlacek, M. Sedlacek, P. Shanahan, R. Straatman, J. Strong, H. M. Tor- revillas, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Male-Killing Wolbachia and Mitochondrial Selective Sweep in a Migratory African Insect Robert I Graham1,2* and Kenneth Wilson1
    Graham and Wilson BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:6 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/6 CORRECTION Open Access Correction: male-killing Wolbachia and mitochondrial selective sweep in a migratory African insect Robert I Graham1,2* and Kenneth Wilson1 Correction COI sequences were obtained from 157 S. exempta Following publication of this work [1], it was brought to specimens and ten haplotypes identified [Genbank: our attention that seven of the mitochondrial COI JQ315120, JQ315122, JQ315125 – JQ315131, JQ315136; haplotypes described in this manuscript as Spodoptera Figure 1]; 148 (94.3%) of the haplotypes belonged to exempta haplotypes were in fact other species. These haplo1. Significantly, all the Wolbachia infections detected have been identified as Amyna punctum complex (haplo2), in S. exempta were found associated with mtDNA haplo1, Chrysodeixis acuta (haplo4), Spodoptera triturata (haplo5), suggesting that recent selective sweeps associated with Vittaplusia vittata (haplo13), Condica sp. (haplo14)and the invasion of Wolbachia may have affected mtDNA Mesogenea varians (haplo15 and haplo16). As a result, we diversity in the armyworm population. The host COI cannot now support one of our original conclusions haplotype diversity estimate was found to be very low suggesting that the Spodoptera genus does not appear to be (haplotype diversity, Hd: 0.112; nucleotide diversity, monophyletic. The text describing and discussing this claim π: 0.0002). Estimates of D, D*andF* statistics were all in the original manuscript [1] should be disregarded. negative for the COI gene (Tajima's D: -2.157, p < 0.01; However, it should be clearly stated that the main Fu & Li's D*: -5.121, p < 0.02; Fu & Li's F*:-4.85017, findings of the article, namely that the presence of p < 0.02).
    [Show full text]
  • Taxa Names List 6-30-21
    Insects and Related Organisms Sorted by Taxa Updated 6/30/21 Order Family Scientific Name Common Name A ACARI Acaridae Acarus siro Linnaeus grain mite ACARI Acaridae Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau) brownlegged grain mite ACARI Acaridae Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin) bulb mite ACARI Acaridae Suidasia nesbitti Hughes scaly grain mite ACARI Acaridae Tyrolichus casei Oudemans cheese mite ACARI Acaridae Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) mold mite ACARI Analgidae Megninia cubitalis (Mégnin) Feather mite ACARI Argasidae Argas persicus (Oken) Fowl tick ACARI Argasidae Ornithodoros turicata (Dugès) relapsing Fever tick ACARI Argasidae Otobius megnini (Dugès) ear tick ACARI Carpoglyphidae Carpoglyphus lactis (Linnaeus) driedfruit mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex bovis Stiles cattle Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex brevis Bulanova lesser Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex canis Leydig dog Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex caprae Railliet goat Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex cati Mégnin cat Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex equi Railliet horse Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex folliculorum (Simon) Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex ovis Railliet sheep Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex phylloides Csokor hog Follicle mite ACARI Dermanyssidae Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) chicken mite ACARI Eriophyidae Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa) grain rust mite ACARI Eriophyidae Acalitus essigi (Hassan) redberry mite ACARI Eriophyidae Acalitus gossypii (Banks) cotton blister mite ACARI Eriophyidae Acalitus vaccinii
    [Show full text]
  • Report of a Mermithid Nematode Infecting Amyna Axis, Chrysodeixisspp. and Spodoptera Spp. from India
    Journal of Biological Control, 33(3): 217-221,2019, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2019/22801 Research Article Report of a mermithid nematode infecting Amyna axis, Chrysodeixis spp. and Spodoptera spp. from India S. RAMESH BABU1, VICTOR PHANI2, P. K. MEENA1, KHUSHBU CHAUHAN2, M. R. KHAN2 and V. S. SOMVANSHI2* 1Agriculture Research Station, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Banswara - 327001, Rajasthan, India 2Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA Campus, New Delhi - 110012, India *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT: Amyna axis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis spp. (C. acuta and C. eriosoma) and Spodoptera spp. (S. exigua and S. litura) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are important polyphagous insect-pests of leguminous crops. A mermithid (Nematoda: Mermithidae) nematode was found parasitizing the larval stages of these insects in the western Indian state of Rajasthan. Morphological and molecular analysis suggests that the nematode might be a species of the genus Hexamermis. The average length of post-parasitic nematode juveniles was 15 cm, and the average greatest body width was 1.5 mm. The vulva was median (V% = 48) without vulval flap. Approximately 100-125 µm long caudal appendages were present on tail. The cross-section revealed the presence of six hypodermal chords at the mid body region, and stichosome was present. The 18S rDNA sequence showed 99% similarity to mermithid nematode. A phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences of mermithids resulted in identification of a new clade “Lineage 3” which included representatives of Mermis sp., Isomermis sp., Limnomermis sp., and Pheromermis sp. This is the first report of natural mermithid parasitism of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultrasonic Emission by Noctuid Moths (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): Main Characteristics of Signals and Possible Mechanisms of Their Generation D
    Entomological Review, Vol. 80, No. 9, 2000, pp. 1157-1169. Translated from Zoologicheskii Zhumal, Vol. 79, No. 10, 2000. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2000 by Lapshin, Vorontsov. English Translation Copyright © 2000 by MAIK "Naulca /Interperiodica" (Russia). Ultrasonic Emission by Noctuid Moths (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): Main Characteristics of Signals and Possible Mechanisms of Their Generation D. N. Lapshin1 and D. D. Vorontsov2 JInstitute for Problems of Information Transmission, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127994 Russia 2Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117808 Russia Received November 19,1999 Abstract—Morphological and acoustic studies of the sound-producing mechanism in noctuid moths were carried out on Amphipyra perflua. Two laterally symmetrical pairs of complementary areas adjacent to each other are responsible for generation of ultrasonic bursts. One pair is located on the ventral surface of the fore-wing base, and the other, on the metascutum. The surface of these areas is covered with inclined cone-like structures 18-25 µm high. The density of cones is as high as 3 per 100 µm2. The aculeae of both the complementary areas are oriented toward each other and can serve to couple the wings to scutum. When uncoupling, these structures produce an ultrasonic pulse. Moths with removed wing coupling areas cannot emit clicks. Noctuid moths produce ultrasonic clicks during flight. The peak amplitude of these clicks varies between 79 and 84 dB SPL at a distance of 5 cm from a moth, with their mean duration being 67 µs. The clicks have a broad-band (> 100 kHz) spectrum with the main peaks, at 57 and 78 kHz.
    [Show full text]