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Scotland Analysis: As Part of the UK the People of Scotland Defence Benefit From: • Greater Security and Protection Through Integrated Defence;

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Scotland Analysis: As Part of the UK the People of Scotland Defence Benefit From: • Greater Security and Protection Through Integrated Defence; Scotland analysis: As part of the UK the people of Scotland Defence benefit from: • Greater security and protection through integrated defence; • Greater security and influence in the world through international alliances and relationships; and • Greater opportunities for defence industry In the future the UK integrated defence UK defence presence in Scotland currently consist Scotland analysis: capabilities will be delivered by UK Armed Forces of: Scotland benefits from the full of 142,500 Regulars and nearly 35,000 trained • 11,100 Regular Armed Forces (7.5 per cent of range of UK defence capabilities Volunteer Reserves. the UK total) and activities The UK’s Armed Forces will continue to provide • 4,000 MOD civilian personnel (7.6 per cent world-class military capabilities, including: of the UK total), • Adaptable Force Brigades, • Over 50 MOD sites throughout Scotland, • Queen Elizabeth Class aircraft carriers, • 2,200 trained Volunteer Reserves (10.3 per HMS Duncan - Type 45 destroyer cent of the UK total). • Type 45 destroyers, • 11,500 Cadets (8.5 per cent of the UK total). • Type 26 frigates, • Astute Class submarines, In the future the UK defence presence in Scotland • Typhoon multi-role combat aircraft, will increase to: Joint Strike Fighter Lightning II aircraft , and • 12,500 Regular Armed Forces (8.8 per cent • of the UK total) by 2020. • The UK, independent nuclear deterrent. • 4,250 trained Volunteer Reserves in Scotland (about 12 per cent of the UK total) by 2018. Complemented by integrated command, control and communications and key capabilities such as logistics, intelligence, cyber and Special Forces. By 2020 Scotland will be home to: • One of three Royal Navy main bases, including all its submarines, The Royal Regiment of Scotland • One of the British Army’s seven Adaptable Force Brigades, • One of three Royal Air Force fast jet main operating bases. Joint Forces Command - Joint Strike Fighter Permanent Headquarters UK Defence Expenditure requirements for supporting services, for Scotland analysis: • Defence spending in 2012/13 was over example: Scotland benefits from every £34 billion (including nearly £3 billion on • Her Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde, in Argyll pound spent on UK defence operations) and is set to continue at £33 & Bute, is the biggest employment site in billion to £34 billion (excluding the cost of Scotland, with 6,700 military and civilian operations) over this and the next two years. jobs, increasing to 8,200 by 2022; This expenditure is in addition to: separate budgets for the security and intelligence • there are also large numbers of defence agencies (about £2 billion per year), the personnel in Angus, City of Edinburgh, National Cyber Security Programme (£860 Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Midlothian million over five years), the new Conflict, and Moray; Stability and Security Fund (which will • the Ministry of Defence spends some provide more than £1 billion from 2015/16). £140 million per year on maintaining • In 2011, the UK was the second largest the defence estate in Scotland; and UK defence expenditure 2012/13 by commodity block military spender in NATO. The UK was the • planned investments over the coming fourth largest military spender in the world years include an additional £100 million R&D after the US, China and Russia. for British Army basing, £85 million for 3% Other Sngle Use Other development of RAF Lossiemouth and 3% Military (Fiscal) Equipment 9% Why does this matter? hundreds of millions of pounds at Her 14% • This level of spending, together with the Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde. associated economies of scale, means that the UK is able to maintain world-class Military • Scottish Government proposal of £2.5 Equipment Manpower armed forces and equipment, as well as the billion to cover defence, intelligence and Support 28% essential supporting structures and services Costs cyber capabilities, is only about 7 per cent 16% which are required to make them effective. of the combined UK budgets for defence, intelligence and cyber, and less than Inventory Civilian How does Scotland benefit? countries such as Denmark and Norway 7% Infrastrucure Manpower spend on defence alone. Costs 7% • The defence presence generates economic 13% benefits for communities throughout Scotland, through jobs, contracts, and requirement for cross-border co-operation Scotland analysis: within the UK increases the odds of successful Protecting UK airspace interception. The existing, seamless UK-wide command and control operation provides the highest standards of protection for all UK citizens. The UK’s integrated system benefits from being part of the NATO integrated air and RAF Lossiemouth The Royal Air Force manages security for the missile defence system, in which members entirety of the UK’s airspace from its Control cooperate on a 24-hour, 7 days a week basis to and Reporting Centres at RAF Boulmer in achieve the best possible collective situational Northumberland and RAF Scampton in awareness, and work together in commanding RAF Leuchars Lincolnshire, which form part of the Air and controlling the response to threats to NATO Surveillance and Control System. airspace. This includes: providing navigational RAF Boulmer assistance to military and civil aircraft; As part of a UK-wide response, the Control and intercepting, interrogating and identifying Reporting Centres integrate information from unknown aircraft; and dissuading potential long-range military and civilian air traffic control adversaries by demonstrating readiness and radars across the UK (including sites in Scotland), resolve. with intelligence and tactical data from airborne or RAF Scampton naval surveillance assets from NATO or UK sources RAF Coningsby to provide comprehensive situational awareness. This is used to determine when high-readiness Quick Reaction Alert Typhoon fighters are Air Command High Wycombe launched in response to an incident, from either PJHQ Northwood MOD Main Building (London) RAF Leuchars in Fife (in future RAF Lossiemouth in Moray) or RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire. The UK’s integrated system provides coverage across the whole of the UK, enabling a timely Typhoon response against fast-moving potential threats from any direction. In such circumstances time is of the essence and the absence of any market is testament both to the strength and Scotland analysis: quality of the UK defence industrial base and to Greater opportunities for the worldwide reputation of the UK Armed Forces; nations want to use equipment that the UK Armed defence industry Forces use. Over the 10 years from 2012/13, the UK Ministry of Defence will spend almost £160 billion on new MSTAR Radar equipment and data systems, and their support. The Ministry of Defence spent over £20 billion with UK industry in 2011/12, just under half An independent Scottish state would certainly of which was with the manufacturing sector, have lower domestic demand for defence goods providing significant employment opportunities due to a much smaller budget. It would also and contributions to national and local economies. lose the support to exports provided by the UK’s international defence engagement and facilitated The defence sector is an important part of by the UK’s global reputation. Scotland’s industry, employing over 12,600 people, but is highly dependent upon domestic In the event of vote in favour of leaving the UK, Queen Elizabeth Aircraft Carrier under construction defence spending, particularly in the maritime Scotland would become an entirely new state. sector. As at July 2013, the MOD had spent around Companies based in an independent Scottish £1.9 billion on work billed to the programme by state would therefore no longer be eligible for BAE Systems on the Clyde and Babcock at Rosyth, contracts that the UK chose to place or compete Top Defence Exporters: 2003 -12 ($BN) with around 4,000 jobs in the yards directly linked domestically for national security reasons; this 171 to the programme; over £300 million of sub- would also apply to Scotland-based subsidiaries contracts have also been placed with Scotland- of UK companies. Where they could continue to based companies by the Aircraft Carrier Alliance. compete they would be pitching for business 104 against other international competitors. 65 The UK is the second largest defence exporter in 49 the world after the US, with a 17 per cent share 19 17 16 13 12 7 of new global defence export orders, worth £8.8 USA UK Russia France Israel Italy Germany Spain Sweden Canada billion in 2012. This success in a highly competitive Source: UK Trade & Investment Department for International Development, with UK Armed Forces make vital contributions to humanitarian Scotland analysis: international allies and partner nations, and with operations around the world, recent examples include: non-governmental organisations and others to Defence operations abroad Event Year Support prevent conflict in unstable countries. Indonesia / Sri 2004 Navy: HMS Chatham; Royal Fleet Auxiliary Lanka post-tsunami Diligence; Royal Marines Boat Squadron (six rigid relief operations raiders and personnel); HMS Scott. Army: five four-man military operations teams; two Since 2010, the UK Government’s Conflict Pool logistics officers. RAF: C-17; Tristar; five C-130s; mobile air funding has made a vital contribution to conflict movement squadron team. Joint: two operations liaison and reconnaissance prevention and resolution overseas. The UK teams; joint forces headquarters liaison party. Government intends to build on the successes
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