DOCSLIB.ORG

Daphnia Magna

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Daphnia Magna Received: 23 May 2019 | Revised: 17 September 2019 | Accepted: 27 September 2019 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15260 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 11. Hernadi, E., Rohaeti, E., Rafi, M., Wahyuni, W. T., Putri, S. P., and Fukusaki, E. (2019). HPLC fingerprinting coupled with linear discriminant analysis for the detection of adulteration in Orthosiphon aristatus. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Parasite‐mediated selection in a natural metapopulation of Technologies 42: 513-520. Daphnia magna 12. Wisman, A. P., Tamada, Y., Hirohata, S., Gomi, K., Fukusaki, E., and Shimma, S. (2020). Mapping haze-komi on rice koji grains using β-glucuronidase expressing Andrea P. Cabalzar1 | Peter D. Fields1 | Yasuhiko Kato2 | Hajime Watanabe2 | Aspergillus oryzae and mass spectrometry imaging. Journal of Bioscience and 1,3 Bioengineering 129: 296-301. Dieter Ebert 13. Heyman, B., Tulke, H., Putri, S. P., Fukusaki, E., and Büchs, J. (2020). Online 1Department of Environmental Sciences, monitoring of the respiratory quotient reveals metabolic phases during microaerobic Zoology, University of Basel, Basel, Abstract Switzerland Parasite‐mediated selection varying across time and space in metapopulations is ex‐ 2,3‐butanediol production with Bacillus licheniformis. Engineering in Life Sciences 2 Department of Biotechnology, pected to result in host local adaptation and the maintenance of genetic diversity in 20: 133-144. Division of Advance Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of disease‐related traits. However, nonadaptive processes like migration and extinction‐ 14. Umakoshi, Y., Nakano, Y., Fukuda, K., Watanabe, K., Miyawaki, I., and Fukusaki, E. Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan (re)colonization dynamics might interfere with adaptive evolution. Understanding 3 (2019). Automatic switching valve system to minimize variation of liquid Tvärminne Zoological Station, Tvärminne, Finland how adaptive and nonadaptive processes interact to shape genetic variability in chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based chiral amino acid profiling. life‐history and disease‐related traits can provide important insights into their evolu‐ Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 128: 773-779. Correspondence Andrea P. Cabalzar, Department of tion in subdivided populations. Here we investigate signatures of spatially fluctuat‐ Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University ing, parasite‐mediated selection in a natural metapopulation of Daphnia magna. Host 15. Septiana, S., Yuliana, N. D., Bachtiar, B. M., Putri, S. P., Fukusaki, E., Laviña, W. A., of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. genotypes from infected and uninfected populations were genotyped at microsatel‐ and Wijaya, C. H. (2020). Metabolomics approach for determining potential Email: [email protected] lite markers, and phenotyped for life‐history and disease traits in common garden metabolites correlated with sensory attributes of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil, a Funding information experiments. Combining phenotypic and genotypic data a Q –F ‐like analysis was promising flavor ingredient. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 129: 581-587. Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur ST ST Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen conducted to test for signatures of parasite mediated selection. We observed high Forschung, Grant/Award Number: 16. Claes, B. S. R., Takeo, E., Fukusaki, E., Shimma, S., Ron M. A., and Heeren, R. M. 310030B_166677 variation within and among populations for phenotypic traits, but neither an indica‐ A. (2019). Imaging isomers on a biological surface: A review. Mass Spectrometry 8: tion of host local adaptation nor a cost of resistance. Infected populations have a A0078. higher gene diversity (Hs) than uninfected populations and Hs is strongly positively correlated with fitness. These results suggest a strong parasite effect on reducing 17. Nakano, Y., Taniguchi, M., Umakoshi, Y., Watai, D., and Fukusaki, E. (2019). High- population level inbreeding. We discuss how stochastic processes related to frequent Throughput LC-MS/MS Method for Chiral Amino Acid Analysis Without extinction‐(re)colonization dynamics as well as host and parasite migration impede Derivatization. Methods Mol. Biol. 2019. the evolution of resistance in the infected populations. We suggest that the genetic and phenotypic patterns of variation are a product of dynamic changes in the host gene pool caused by the interaction of colonization bottlenecks, inbreeding, immi‐ gration, hybrid vigor, rare host genotype advantage and parasitism. Our study high‐ lights the effect of the parasite in ameliorating the negative fitness consequences caused by the high drift load in this metapopulation. KEYWORDS Daphnia, local adaptation, metapopulation, Microsporidia, neutral evolution, QST–FST analysis, resistance 4770 | © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mec Molecular Ecology. 2019;28:4770–4785. Reproduced from Molecular ecology (2019). doi: 10.1111/mec.15260 90 91 CABALZAR ET AL. | 4771 1 | INTRODUCTION Kawecki, 2004). In addition, variation in parasite presence or abun‐ dance can be quantified and is ubiquitous in natural populations, Environmental heterogeneity among subpopulations of the same even at small geographic scales (Goren & Ben‐Ami, 2013; Laine, species may cause divergent selection leading to patterns of local 2006; Roy & St‐Louis, 2017). In parasite‐infected populations, hosts adaptation. The ability of populations to adapt locally to prevailing are expected to evolve defence mechanisms (resistance) to avoid, environmental conditions depends on a complex interplay between reduce or tolerate parasite infection over time. However, the evo‐ directional selection, migration, and random genetic drift (Blanquart, lution of resistance is thought to come with a cost, as immune re‐ Gandon, & Nuismer, 2012; Lenormand, 2002; Pfeifer et al., 2018; sponses are energetically expensive (Carton, Nappi, & Poirie, 2005). Yeaman & Otto, 2011). Indeed, geographic scale can greatly in‐ Thus, resistance only confers a fitness advantage in the presence fluence the potential of local adaptation. Migration rate often de‐ of infection (Little & Killick, 2007; Webster & Woolhouse, 1999; creases as a function of geographic distance; thus, local adaptation Wielgoss, Bergmiller, Bischofberger, & Hall, 2016), and selection for is more expected at larger geographic scales where the distances resistance may vary over space, depending on the local risk of in‐ between local populations exceed the species' ability to disperse, fection. This would promote local adaptation at a microgeographic although fine‐scale evolution is increasingly appreciated as a source scale (Kawecki & Ebert, 2004; Lazzaro & Little, 2009), with selec‐ of phenotypic differentiation (Hämälä, Mattila, & Savolainen, 2018; tion favouring more resistant genotypes in infected populations but Hendrick et al., 2016; Moody et al., 2015; for review see Richardson, disfavouring them in uninfected populations. Urban, Bolnick, & Skelly, 2014). At smaller geographic scales, where Studies have also shown that parasites can generate and main‐ local populations are more strongly connected by migration, the tain genetic diversity in host populations, either by promoting sexual outcome of heterogeneous selection pressures is more complex reproduction via negative frequency dependent selection (Jokela, (Blanquart, Kaltz, Nuismer, & Gandon, 2013; Kawecki & Ebert, 2004; Dybdahl, & Lively, 2009), by heterozygote advantage of resistance Richardson et al., 2014). alleles (Penn, Damjanovich, & Potts, 2002), or by enhancing selec‐ In a metapopulation, local populations are subject not only to tion against genome‐wide homozygosity of recessive, deleterious gene flow but also to high population turnover. Extinction‐(re)col‐ mutations (inbreeding depression; Coltman, Pilkington, Smith, & onization dynamics often cause strong founder effects, resulting in Pemberton, 1999). This latter case, where parasites are predicted to small effective subpopulation sizes with a high sensitivity to genetic select against homozygotes, particularly affects small populations, drift and inbreeding (De Kort, Vandepitte, & Honnay, 2013; Hanski where inbreeding is high and genetic drift can lead to the random fix‐ & Gaggiotti, 2004; Lande, 1976; Slatkin, 1977; Wade & McCauley, ation of deleterious mutations (Coltman et al., 1999; Reid, Arcese, & 1988). In these cases, demographic and stochastic processes, rather Keller, 2003). While the link between inbreeding and parasite suscep‐ than adaptive evolution, might cause the spatial differentiation in tibility is well explored (King & Lively, 2012), only a few studies actually functional traits. For example, migration and genetic drift may in‐ quantify the link between infection, inbreeding, and fitness in natural terfere with adaptive divergence by either homogenizing local allele populations (but see: Coltman et al., 1999; Keller & Waller, 2002 for frequencies or by eroding genetic variation, respectively (Blanquart a review). Combining population genetic data with fitness estimates et al., 2012; Gandon, Capowiez, Dubois, Michalakis, & Olivieri, 1996; in the presence and absence of parasites facilitates insight into how Lenormand, 2002). Given this complex interplay of demographic, parasites maintain genetic variation in immune related traits as well as ecological and evolutionary processes, the study of fine‐scale genome‐wide heterozygosity in spatially structured populations. local adaptation must be an integrative one, combining population This type of study must
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Filling Gaps in the Microsporidian Tree: Rdna Phylogeny of Chytridiopsis Typographi (Microsporidia: Chytridiopsida)
    Parasitology Research (2019) 118:169–180 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-6130-1 GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND PHYLOGENY - ORIGINAL PAPER Filling gaps in the microsporidian tree: rDNA phylogeny of Chytridiopsis typographi (Microsporidia: Chytridiopsida) Daniele Corsaro1 & Claudia Wylezich2 & Danielle Venditti1 & Rolf Michel3 & Julia Walochnik4 & Rudolf Wegensteiner5 Received: 7 August 2018 /Accepted: 23 October 2018 /Published online: 12 November 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic parasites of animals, characterized by unusual morphological and genetic features. They can be divided in three main groups, the classical microsporidians presenting all the features of the phylum and two putative primitive groups, the chytridiopsids and metchnikovellids. Microsporidia originated from microsporidia-like organisms belong- ing to a lineage of chytrid-like endoparasites basal or sister to the Fungi. Genetic and genomic data are available for all members, except chytridiopsids. Herein, we filled this gap by obtaining the rDNA sequence (SSU-ITS-partial LSU) of Chytridiopsis typographi (Chytridiopsida), a parasite of bark beetles. Our rDNA molecular phylogenies indicate that Chytridiopsis branches earlier than metchnikovellids, commonly thought ancestral, forming the more basal lineage of the Microsporidia. Furthermore, our structural analyses showed that only classical microsporidians present 16S-like SSU rRNA and 5.8S/LSU rRNA gene fusion, whereas the standard eukaryote rRNA gene structure, although slightly reduced, is still preserved in the primitive microsporidians, including 18S-like SSU rRNA with conserved core helices, and ITS2-like separating 5.8S from LSU. Overall, our results are consistent with the scenario of an evolution from microsporidia-like rozellids to microsporidians, however suggesting for metchnikovellids a derived position, probably related to marine transition and adaptation to hyperparasitism.
    [Show full text]
  • Secreted Proteins in Microsporidian Parasites: a Functional and Evolutionary Perspective on Host-Parasite Interactions
    Secreted proteins in microsporidian parasites: a functional and evolutionary perspective on host-parasite interactions. Submitted by Scott Edward Campbell to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Science. In September 2013 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from this thesis may be published without proper acknowledgment. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature ……………………………………. Page| 1 Abstract The Microsporidia form a phylum of obligate intracellular parasites known to cause disease in humans and a diverse range of economically important animal species. Once classified as ‘primitive’ eukaryotes, it is now recognised that the peculiarities of microsporidian genomics and cell biology are, in fact, the consequence of extreme reduction allowed by an intimate relationship with the host cell. Excluding survival as an extracellular spore, microsporidia are in direct contact with the host throughout their developmental lifecycle, from entry to egress. Host cell manipulations have been described in morphological terms, but despite this, characterisation of such processes at the molecular level remains challenging. The logistics of the microsporidian lifecycle suggest secreted proteins and membrane proteins with extracellular domains may be involved in virulence and implicated in host cell manipulation. This study employs bioinformatic tools to predict secreted proteins in diverse microsporidia and comparative genomics to identify conserved proteins which may be required for host cell manipulation, pathogenicity and lifecycle progression.
    [Show full text]
  • Baltic Sea Genetic Biodiversity: Current Knowledge Relating to Conservation Management
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Brage IMR Received: 21 August 2016 Revised: 26 January 2017 Accepted: 16 February 2017 DOI: 10.1002/aqc.2771 REVIEW ARTICLE Baltic Sea genetic biodiversity: Current knowledge relating to conservation management Lovisa Wennerström1* | Eeva Jansson1,2* | Linda Laikre1 1 Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE‐106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract 2 Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, 1. The Baltic Sea has a rare type of brackish water environment which harbours unique genetic Norway lineages of many species. The area is highly influenced by anthropogenic activities and is affected Correspondence by eutrophication, climate change, habitat modifications, fishing and stocking. Effective genetic Lovisa Wennerström, Department of Zoology, management of species in the Baltic Sea is highly warranted in order to maximize their potential SE‐106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. for survival, but shortcomings in this respect have been documented. Lack of knowledge is one Email: [email protected] reason managers give for why they do not regard genetic diversity in management. Funding information Swedish Research Council Formas (LL); The 2. Here, the current knowledge of population genetic patterns of species in the Baltic Sea is BONUS BAMBI Project supported by BONUS reviewed and summarized with special focus on how the information can be used in (Art 185), funded jointly by the European management. The extent to which marine protected areas (MPAs) protect genetic diversity Union and the Swedish Research Council Formas (LL); Swedish Cultural Foundation in is also investigated in a case study of four key species.
    [Show full text]
  • Four QTL Underlie Resistance to a Microsporidian Parasite That May Drive Genome Evolution in Its 2 Daphnia Host
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/847194; this version posted November 20, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Four QTL underlie resistance to a microsporidian parasite that may drive genome evolution in its 2 Daphnia host 3 Devon Keller1, Devin Kirk1,2, Pepijn Luijckx1,3 4 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 5 M5S 3G5. 6 2 Current address: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA. 7 3 School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 8 Author contributions 9 DK, DK and PL designed the study and conducted experiments. PL conducted the analysis. PL wrote the 10 first draft of the manuscript, and all authors significantly contributed to revisions. 11 Abstract: 12 Despite its pivotal role in evolutionary and ecological processes the genetic architecture underlying host- 13 parasite interactions remains understudied. Here we use a quantitative trait loci approach to identify 14 regions in the Daphnia magna genome that provide resistance against its microsporidium parasite 15 Ordospora colligata. The probability that Daphnia became infected was affected by a single locus and an 16 interaction between two additional loci. A fourth locus influenced the number of spores that grew within 17 the host. Comparing our findings to previously published genetic work on Daphnia magna revealed that 18 two of these loci may be the same as detected for another microsporidium parasite, suggesting a general 19 immune response to this group of pathogens.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin and Evolution of Fungal HECT Ubiquitin Ligases Ignacio Marín
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Origin and evolution of fungal HECT ubiquitin ligases Ignacio Marín Ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are basic components of the eukaryotic ubiquitination system. In this work, the Received: 29 December 2017 emergence and diversifcation of fungal HECT ubiquitin ligases is described. Phylogenetic and structural Accepted: 11 April 2018 data indicate that six HECT subfamilies (RSP5, TOM1, UFD4, HUL4, HUL4A and HUL5) existed in Published: xx xx xxxx the common ancestor of all fungi. These six subfamilies have evolved very conservatively, with only occasional losses and duplications in particular fungal lineages. However, an early, drastic reduction in the number of HECT genes occurred in microsporidians, in parallel to the reduction of their genomes. A signifcant correlation between the total number of genes and the number of HECT-encoding genes present in fungi has been observed. However, transitions from unicellularity to multicellularity or vice versa apparently had no efect on the evolution of this family. Likely orthologs or co-orthologs of all fungal HECT genes have been detected in animals. Four genes are deduced to be present in the common ancestor of fungi, animals and plants. Protein-protein interactions detected in both the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans suggest that some ancient functions of HECT proteins have been conserved since the animals/fungi split. Protein ubiquitination is involved in the control of multiple essential functions in all eukaryotic species1–3. Given its importance, there is a signifcant interest in understanding the evolution of the ubiquitination system, from its early origin4–6 to its complex patterns of diversifcation in eukaryotic phyla, in which the ubiquitination machinery typically involves hundreds of proteins7.
    [Show full text]
  • S41437-020-0332-X.Pdf
    Heredity (2020) 125:173–183 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-020-0332-x ARTICLE An alternative route of bacterial infection associated with a novel resistance locus in the Daphnia–Pasteuria host–parasite system 1 1 1,2 1 Gilberto Bento ● Peter D. Fields ● David Duneau ● Dieter Ebert Received: 12 September 2019 / Revised: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 June 2020 / Published online: 19 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract To understand the mechanisms of antagonistic coevolution, it is crucial to identify the genetics of parasite resistance. In the Daphnia magna–Pasteuria ramosa host–parasite system, the most important step of the infection process is the one in which P. ramosa spores attach to the host’s foregut. A matching-allele model (MAM) describes the host–parasite genetic interactions underlying attachment success. Here we describe a new P. ramosa genotype, P15, which, unlike previously studied genotypes, attaches to the host’s hindgut, not to its foregut. Host resistance to P15 attachment shows great diversity across natural populations. In contrast to P. ramosa genotypes that use foregut attachment, P15 shows some quantitative variation in attachment success and does not always lead to successful infections, suggesting that hindgut attachment fi 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: represents a less-ef cient infection mechanism than foregut attachment. Using a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) approach, we detect two significant QTLs in the host genome: one that co-localizes with the previously described D. magna PR locus of resistance to foregut attachment, and a second, major QTL located in an unlinked genomic region.
    [Show full text]
  • Transposable Element Abundance Correlates with Mode Of
    Albuquerque et al. Mobile DNA (2020) 11:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-020-00218-8 SHORT REPORT Open Access Transposable element abundance correlates with mode of transmission in microsporidian parasites Nathalia Rammé Medeiros de Albuquerque1, Dieter Ebert2 and Karen Luisa Haag1* Abstract The extreme genome reduction and physiological simplicity of some microsporidia has been attributed to their intracellular, obligate parasitic lifestyle. Although not all microsporidian genomes are small (size range from about 2 to 50 MB), it is suggested that the size of their genomes has been streamlined by natural selection. We explore the hypothesis that vertical transmission in microsporidia produces population bottlenecks, and thus reduces the effectiveness of natural selection. Here we compare the transposable element (TE) content of 47 microsporidian genomes, and show that genome size is positively correlated with the amount of TEs, and that species that experience vertical transmission have larger genomes with higher proportion of TEs. Our findings are consistent with earlier studies inferring that nonadaptive processes play an important role in microsporidian evolution. Background gene-sparse genomes is populated by repetitive se- Microsporidia, a phylum of fast evolving intracellular quences, most of which have been identified as transpos- parasites related to fungi [1–3], are interesting models able elements [11]. It is suggested that the majority of for studying the mechanisms shaping eukaryotic genome transposable element (TE) insertions cause mildly dele- evolution. Their genomes are small and highly diverse. terious effects in eukaryotes [12, 13]. Therefore, their Two contrasting genome architectures are found in spread and accumulation depend on the cellular mecha- microsporidians.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploiting the Architecture and the Features of the Microsporidian Genomes to Investigate Diversity and Impact of These Parasites on Ecosystems
    Heredity (2015) 114, 441–449 & 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0018-067X/15 www.nature.com/hdy REVIEW Exploiting the architecture and the features of the microsporidian genomes to investigate diversity and impact of these parasites on ecosystems E Peyretaillade1, D Boucher1, N Parisot1,2, C Gasc1, R Butler3, J-F Pombert3, E Lerat4 and P Peyret1 Fungal species play extremely important roles in ecosystems. Clustered at the base of the fungal kingdom are Microsporidia, a group of obligate intracellular eukaryotes infecting multiple animal lineages. Because of their large host spectrum and their implications in host population regulation, they influence food webs, and accordingly, ecosystem structure and function. Unfortunately, their ecological role is not well understood. Present also as highly resistant spores in the environment, their characterisation requires special attention. Different techniques based on direct isolation and/or molecular approaches can be considered to elucidate their role in the ecosystems, but integrating environmental and genomic data (for example, genome architecture, core genome, transcriptional and translational signals) is crucial to better understand the diversity and adaptive capacities of Microsporidia. Here, we review the current status of Microsporidia in trophic networks; the various genomics tools that could be used to ensure identification and evaluate diversity and abundance of these organisms; and how these tools could be used to explore the microsporidian life cycle in different
    [Show full text]
  • LIVRO DE RESUMOS Dorn, Marcio EGB 2017 - Livro De Resumos / Marcio Dorn, Rodrigo Ligabue Braun, Hugo Verli
    AULAS PALESTRAS MINI-CURSOS SESSÃO DE PÔSTERES LIVRO DE RESUMOS Dorn, Marcio EGB 2017 - Livro de Resumos / Marcio Dorn, Rodrigo Ligabue Braun, Hugo Verli. -- Porto Alegre, 2017. 39 f. Anais/Livro de Resumos - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Informática e Centro de Biotecnologia - UFRGS, 2017. 1. bioinformática. 2. biologia computacional. 3. escola. I. Ligabue Braun, Rodrigo. II. Verli, Hugo. I. , . II. Título. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34681.77929 DETECTION OF LTR RETROTRANSPOSONS IN THREE Hamiltosporidium lineages ALBUQUERQUE, NATHALIA RAMMÉ MEDEIROS1; SILVEIRA, JULIANO DE OLIVEIRA1; HAAG, KAREN LUISA1. 1Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Microsporidia have one of the smallest genomes among eukaryotes, due to their obligate intracellular parasitism that resulted in an extensive reduction in genome size and complexity. Transposable elements (TEs) compose a high fraction in eukaryotic genomes, the vast majority being retrotransposons, due to their "copy-paste" transposition mechanism. TEs are able to mutate genes, alter gene regulation and generate new genes. Transposition events can be deleterious when TEs integrate in active coding regions and disrupt important genes. Due to the absence of recombination, TEs may accumulate in asexual genomes and contribute to extinction of asexual organisms. However, there is no evidence showing different TE densities between sexual and asexual lineages. We assessed the genomes of three Hamiltosporidium lineages for TE content. Two genomes of H. magnivora lineages (BEOM2 and ILBN2) that reproduce sexually and are vertically transmitted, and one genome of an H. tvaerminnensis lineage (FIOER33) that reproduces asexually and is both vertically and horizontally transmitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertical Transmission and Early Diagnosis of the Microsporidian Enterocytozoon Hepatonaei in Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus Vannamei
    JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 2018. Vol. 12(3), p. proof Vertical Transmission and Early Diagnosis of the Microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatonaei in Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Hung Vu-Khac1, Thuy Nguyen Thi Thanh2, Giang Nguyen Thi Thu1, Chi Hieu Le3, Van Duy Nguyen3,4* 1Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang, Vietnam. 2 Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 3, Nha Trang, Vietnam. 3 Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK. 4Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam. doi: (Received: 10 June 2018; accepted: 20 July 2018) Microsporidia, which are ubiquitous obligate intracellular parasites responsible for a variety of diseases and economic losses in farming, have different transmission strategies. While horizontal transmission relies on sufûcient parasite numbers released into environment, vertical transmission requires host reproduction to occur leading to a lower virulence, and also induces a sex ratio distortion. The second strategy has been reported in a broad range of hosts from protists to mammals, in which insects and amphipod crustaceans as the most common. The present study shows the first evidence of vertical transmission of a microsporidia in decapod crustaceans via an experimental description of the infection by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The group of healthy shrimp was infected with EHP by feeding with infected-shrimp tissue and sharing habitat. The presence of EHP in the infected shrimps was detected by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method with specific primers EHP-510F/EHP-510R and histopathological analysis. The Nauplius, Zoae 1 and Zoae 2 stages collected from the infected female broodstocks demonstrated that EHP can infect offspring from their parental shrimp, and interestingly EHP can be detected from Nauplius stage of shrimp by the use of PCR method.
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Author, Here Are the Proofs of Your Article. • You Can Submit Your
    Dear Author, Here are the proofs of your article. • You can submit your corrections online, via e-mail or by fax. • For online submission please insert your corrections in the online correction form. Always indicate the line number to which the correction refers. • You can also insert your corrections in the proof PDF and email the annotated PDF. • For fax submission, please ensure that your corrections are clearly legible. Use a fine black pen and write the correction in the margin, not too close to the edge of the page. • Remember to note the journal title, article number, and your name when sending your response via e-mail or fax. • Check the metadata sheet to make sure that the header information, especially author names and the corresponding affiliations are correctly shown. • Check the questions that may have arisen during copy editing and insert your answers/ corrections. • Check that the text is complete and that all figures, tables and their legends are included. Also check the accuracy of special characters, equations, and electronic supplementary material if applicable. If necessary refer to the Edited manuscript. • The publication of inaccurate data such as dosages and units can have serious consequences. Please take particular care that all such details are correct. • Please do not make changes that involve only matters of style. We have generally introduced forms that follow the journal’s style. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship are not allowed without the approval of the responsible editor. In such a case, please contact the Editorial Office and return his/her consent together with the proof.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materials Journal of Fungi New Method for Identifying Fungal Kingdom Enzyme Hotspots from Genome Sequences Lene L
    Supplementary Materials Journal of Fungi New Method for identifying Fungal Kingdom Enzyme Hotspots from Genome Sequences Lene Lange1, Kristian Barrett2, and Anne S. Meyer2 1 BioEconomy, Research & Advisory, Copenhagen, 2500 Valby, Denmark; [email protected] (L.L) 2 Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] (KB), [email protected] (ASM) Table S1. List of the rank of all 1.932 fungal species/strains with regard to biomass degrading capacity based on bioinformatics analysis of their genome sequence. The species are ranked with regard to the Total number of “Function;Family” observations, yet specifying the total number of “Function;Family” observations in each substrate category. The data shown is the full list of data supporting Table 1 in the main manuscript. ACC Submitter Total Xylan Xylan Lignin Pectin Cellulose No Species Class Phylum 1 Pecoramyces ruminatium Neocallimastigo Chytridio 248 85 208 0 541 GCA_000412615.1 Oklahoma State University 2 Neocallimastix californiae Neocallimastigo Chytridio 232 122 172 0 526 GCA_002104975.1 DOE Joint Genome Institute 3 Mycena citricolor Agarico Basidio 91 204 50 149 494 GCA_003987915.1 Universidade de Sao Paulo 4 Verticillium longisporum Sordario Asco 139 176 74 95 484 GCA_001268165.1 SLU 5 Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 Sordario Asco 117 102 108 98 425 GCA_009194965.1 DOE Joint Genome Institute 6 Paramyrothecium roridum Sordario Asco 106 163 63 79 411 GCA_003012165.1 USDA, ARS, NCAUR 7 Cadophora sp. DSE1049 Leotio Asco 105 138 75 91 409 GCA_003073865.1 DOE Joint Genome Institute 8 Diaporthe ampelina Sordario Asco 116 129 58 97 400 GCA_001630405.1 Bangalore University 9 Diaporthe longicolla Sordario Asco 111 128 56 90 385 GCA_000800745.1 Purdue University 10 Diaporthe sp.
    [Show full text]