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Book Reviews General Walter Bedell Smith As Director of Central Intelligence, the Chief of Staffi the Military Career of General
Book Reviews 87 fully the hoped for results. Even so, from the summer of 1918 on, there was some improvement; and if the war had continued into 1919, the combined efforts of Baruch, March, and Goethals most probably would have contributed substantially to the combat effec- tiveness of the AEF. Nonetheless, the author believes-contrary to some historians’ opinions-that Goethals, with only limited author- ity, had at best limited success. Mired down fighting established interests, i.e., the army’s bureaus, in Washington, D.C., he “did not produce a managerial revolution in six months” (p. 151); and although he was not a complete failure, he left no lasting institu- tional results on the army’s supply system. Still, the army did learn much from the shortcomings of its efforts during World War I and from the mid-1920s on took steps to improve and restructure its procurement and logistic posture. This well-crafted monograph, based on research conducted at the Center for Military History in Washington, D.C., combines archival with printed and secondary sources in an exemplary fash- ion. The author exhibits a fine grasp of the main issues, and her clearly written book makes a valuable contribution to an often neglected topic on the American experience during World War I. GUNTHERE. ROTHENBERG,former editor of the Indiana Military History Journal, teaches European and American military history at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. General Walter Bedell Smith as Director of Central Intelligence, October 1950-February 1953. By Ludwell Lee Montague. (Uni- versity Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992. -
Allen W. Dulles and the CIA
THE GILDED AGE Allen W. Dulles and the CIA Allen W. Dulles spent his tenure as the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) entrenched in secret power struggles that would ensure his ultimate power over the foreign and domestic aff airs for the United States. Th roughout his childhood, Dulles learned to use political power in order to get ahead, and to use secrecy to make unilateral deci- sions. Aft er analyzing examples of his treatment of various foreign aff airs disasters, as well as his manipulation of American media and politicians, Dulles is exposed as a man whose legacy lives in the CIA, as a legendary fi gure who is in fact much more of a craft ed legend than a man of truth. By Sada O. Stewart ‘16 Princeton University of the CIA’s own making, the product of the publicity and the political propaganda Allen Dulles manufactured in the 1950s.”4 How, though, did Dulles craft a fl awless, genius im- age for the CIA? What methods did Dulles use to manipulate the press, the public, and even the other branches of govern- ment to bring forth an agency with “a great reputation and a terrible record?”5 Dulles made the CIA seem like an elite agency full of top agents resulting in high risk, high reward missions—how is this reconciled with the reality of the CIA under Dulles’ reign? INTELLIGENCE IN YOUTH To begin, it is vital to identify the signifi cance of developing and running an intelligence agency in an open democratic system.6 Sun Tzu, author of Th e Art of War, insists the best A Bas-relief of Allen Dulles at the Original Headquarters of (only) way to fi ght a war is to know the enemy. -
The Combined Chiefs of Staff and the Public Health Building, 1942–1946
The Combined Chiefs of Staff and the Public Health Building, 1942–1946 Christopher Holmes The United States Public Health Service Building, Washington, DC, ca. 1930. rom February 1942 until shortly after the end of World War II, the American Fand British Combined Chiefs of Staff operated from a structure at 1951 Constitution Avenue Northwest in Washington, DC, known as the Public Health Building. Several federal entities became embroiled in this effort to secure a suitable meeting location for the Combined Chiefs, including the Federal Reserve, the War Department, the Executive Office of the President, and the Public Health Service. The Federal Reserve, as an independent yet still federal agency, strove to balance its own requirements with those of the greater war effort. The War Department found priority with the president, who directed his staff to accommodate its needs. Meanwhile, the Public Health Service discovered that a solution to one of its problems ended up creating another in the form of a temporary eviction from its headquarters. Thus, how the Combined Chiefs settled into the Public Health Building is a story of wartime expediency and bureaucratic wrangling. Christopher Holmes is a contract historian with the Joint History and Research Office on the Joint Staff at the Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia. 85 86 | Federal History 2021 Federal Reserve Building In May 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt began preparing the nation for what most considered America’s inevitable involvement in the war being waged across Europe and Asia. That month, Roosevelt established the National Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense, commonly referred to as the Defense Commission. -
The Role of Allen Dulles in Us Policy Discussions on Latin America, 1953-611
THE PRAGMATIC FACE OF THE COVERT IDEALIST: THE ROLE OF ALLEN DULLES IN US POLICY DISCUSSIONS ON LATIN AMERICA, 1953-611 Assessments of the CIA’s role in Latin America during the 1950s have tended to focus predominantly on the twin case-studies of Guatemala and Cuba. Consequently, the Agency’s role – and, more broadly, that of its head Allen Dulles – has come to be seen as one obsessed with covert action and relatively unimportant in terms of policy discussions. Dulles, in fact, has been portrayed as an unwilling and disinterested participant in policy discussions. The present article will challenge those assertions by suggesting that, by examining Dulles’s role in the Eisenhower administration’s discussions on Latin America, a different picture emerges – one that paints Dulles as an active and rational participant, and which raises important questions for our understanding of the CIA’s role during the Eisenhower era. ‘In the 1950s’, writes Greg Grandin in describing the Central Intelligence Agency’s role in Guatemala in 1954, ‘the Cold War was often presented as a battle of ideas, yet CIA agents on the ground didn’t see it that way’…they insisted ‘on a strategy intended to inspire fear more than virtue.’2 Grandin’s view – along with the widely held perception among many non- specialists that the 1950s served as a form of ‘golden age’ for the CIA – has come to dominate historical, and indeed cultural, representations of the Agency’s role in the early- Cold War era. During the period when Dwight D. Eisenhower was president and Allen Dulles was the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), it is commonly held, the CIA enjoyed a position of unparalleled success in US foreign policy. -
Autres Pertes Bacque James
MORTS POUR RAISONS DIVERSES Par James Bacque Enquête sur le traitement des prisonniers de guerre Allemands dans les camps Américains et Français à la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. Éditions de l'AAARGH 2004 Traduit de l'Anglais par CATHERINE LUDET Sand Cet ouvrage est la traduction du livre de langue Anglaise, paru sous le titre : OTHER LOSSES et publié par Stoddart Publishing Co. Limited, Toronto, Canada. I.S.B.N. 2-7107-0462-5 © James Bacque, 1989. © Éditions Sand, 1990, pour l'édition Française. À l'abbé Franz Stock et à Victor Gollancz Le pire des péchés envers nos semblables, voyez-vous, ce n'est pas de les haïr, mais c'est d'être indifférent à leur égard. En vérité, je vous le dis, c'est là l'essence de l'inhumanité. George Bernard Shaw, Le Disciple du Diable James Bacque, Morts Pour Raisons Diverses 1 Table des Matières Avertissement ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03 Chronologie des Principaux Événements Cités dans cet Ouvrage -------------------- 04 PRÉFACE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 08 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Chapitre 1 -- QUE FAIRE DE L'ALLEMAGNE ? -------------------------------------- 15 Chapitre 2 -- SANS ABRI ----------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Chapitre 3 -- PAS DE DÉCLARATION PUBLIQUE ---------------------------------- 39 Chapitre 4 -- LA CRUAUTÉ DU VAINQUEUR -------------------------------------- 50 Chapitre 5 -
German Jews in the United States: a Guide to Archival Collections
GERMAN HISTORICAL INSTITUTE,WASHINGTON,DC REFERENCE GUIDE 24 GERMAN JEWS IN THE UNITED STATES: AGUIDE TO ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS Contents INTRODUCTION &ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 ABOUT THE EDITOR 6 ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS (arranged alphabetically by state and then city) ALABAMA Montgomery 1. Alabama Department of Archives and History ................................ 7 ARIZONA Phoenix 2. Arizona Jewish Historical Society ........................................................ 8 ARKANSAS Little Rock 3. Arkansas History Commission and State Archives .......................... 9 CALIFORNIA Berkeley 4. University of California, Berkeley: Bancroft Library, Archives .................................................................................................. 10 5. Judah L. Mages Museum: Western Jewish History Center ........... 14 Beverly Hills 6. Acad. of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences: Margaret Herrick Library, Special Coll. ............................................................................ 16 Davis 7. University of California at Davis: Shields Library, Special Collections and Archives ..................................................................... 16 Long Beach 8. California State Library, Long Beach: Special Collections ............. 17 Los Angeles 9. John F. Kennedy Memorial Library: Special Collections ...............18 10. UCLA Film and Television Archive .................................................. 18 11. USC: Doheny Memorial Library, Lion Feuchtwanger Archive ................................................................................................... -
From the Nuremberg Trials to the Memorial Nuremberg Trials
Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Memorium Nürnberger Prozesse Hirschelgasse 9-11 90403 Nürnberg Telefon: 0911 / 2 31-66 89 Telefon: 0911 / 2 31-54 20 Telefax: 0911 / 2 31-1 42 10 E-Mail: [email protected] www.museen.nuernberg.de – Press Release From the Nuremberg Trials to the Memorial Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg’s name is linked with the NSDAP Party Rallies held here between 1933 and 1938 and – Presseinformation with the „Racial Laws“ adopted in 1935. It is also linked with the trials where leading representatives of the Nazi regime had to answer for their crimes in an international court of justice. Between 20 November, 1945, and 1 October, 1946, the International Military Tribunal’s trial of the main war criminals (IMT) was held in Court Room 600 at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. Between 1946 and 1949, twelve follow-up trials were also held here. Those tried included high- ranking representatives of the military, administration, medical profession, legal system, industry Press Release and politics. History Two years after Germany had unleashed World War II on 1 September, 1939, leading politicians and military staff of the anti-Hitler coalition started to consider bringing to account those Germans responsible for war crimes which had come to light at that point. The Moscow Declaration of 1943 and the Conference of Yalta of February 1945 confirmed this attitude. Nevertheless, the ideas – Presseinformation concerning the type of proceeding to use in the trial were extremely divergent. After difficult negotiations, on 8 August, 1945, the four Allied powers (USA, Britain, France and the Soviet Union) concluded the London Agreement, on a "Charter for The International Military Tribunal", providing for indictment for the following crimes in a trial based on the rule of law: 1. -
Ellis, Edmund D
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY ABILENE, KANSAS ELLIS, EDMUND: Material re U. S. Military Academy Class of 1915, 1949-82 Accessions 71-15, 72-13, 74-17, 76-11, 76-11/1, 77-5, 78-15, 79-8, 80-10, 81-11, 82-8, 82-8/1 Processed by: EB, TB Date completed: February 1992 This collection was received from Edmund Ellis in several shipments between 1971 and 1982. No restrictions were placed on the material. Linear feet of shelf space occupied: .4 Approximate number of pages: 250 Approximate number of items: 50 SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE Colonel Edmund Ellis was a member of the U.S. Military Academy Class of 1915. This class included Henry Aurand, Omar Bradley, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John Leonard, Henry Sayler, James Van Fleet, and a number of other famous generals. Ellis served as class secretary for many years and compiled periodic news letters which contained information about the members of the class and their families. Copies of the news letters were distributed to surviving classmates and spouses. In 1971 Ellis began donating copies of the newsletter to the Eisenhower Library. This collection contains the newsletters from 1971 to 1982 as well as some earlier printed material on the class and some memorabilia relating to West Point and class reunions. The newsletter was discontinued after 1982 due to the decline in the number of classmates. By 1991 Colonel Ellis and General Van Fleet were the only two surviving members of the class. Ellis, who was born in March 1890, became the oldest living graduate of West Point in October 1990. -
William H. Simpson: General's General
RICE UNIVERSITY . .V7ILLIAM H. SIMPSON: GENERAL* S GENERAL (A .BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY) « by * . « ■ Thomas Richardson Stone » 0f A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER- OF ARTS Thesis Director's signature: Houston, Texas May, 1971 t ABSTRACT ; WILLIAM H. SIMPSON: GENERAL'S GENERAL (A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY) BY ' ^ THOMAS RICHARDSON STONE Foundations for the careers; of great’men are’often laid in early life. This paper deals with events in the first 21 years,of the life of William H. Simpson who later commanded the 350»000 man Ninth.Army as it raced across Germany in the Second World War. V- The development of the West Texas county in which General Simpson was raised; the General’s early life as well as his V/est Point days, during which the tall Texan was shaped into a second lieu¬ tenant in the United States Army, are examined. .An anno¬ tated bibliography including letters written to and interviews conducted by the author as well as printed material supplements the text. To Cindy, Sarah and Tommy : :'.V. Preface Thanks are offered to the many people,who, realizing the limited time.available for .preparation of this paper, gave their assistance freely to-.meo- The staff of the Fondren Library responded rapidly to my every request. Mrs. Monika Orr of the Interlibrary Loan ■ desk was particularly helpful and through her diligent ef¬ forts several rare books from other collections were made available to me. Mr. James McIntosh and his staff of the Jefferson Davis Association which has offices at Rice Uni¬ versity, provided a warm welcome, a sympathetic ear, and a hot cup of coffee to me when they were needed most. -
Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group
HISTORICAL MATERIALS IN THE DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY OF INTEREST TO THE NAZI WAR CRIMES AND JAPANESE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT RECORDS INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library holds a large quantity of documentation relating to World War II and to the Cold War era. Information relating to war crimes committed by Nazi Germany and by the Japanese Government during World War II can be found widely scattered within the Library’s holdings. The Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group is mandated to identify, locate and, as necessary, declassify records pertaining to war crimes committed by Nazi Germany and Japan. In order to assist the Interagency Working Group in carrying out this mission, the Library staff endeavored to identify historical documentation within its holdings relating to this topic. The staff conducted its search as broadly and as thoroughly as staff time, resources, and intellectual control allowed and prepared this guide to assist interested members of the public in conducting research on documents relating generally to Nazi and Japanese war crimes. The search covered post- war references to such crimes, the use of individuals who may have been involved in such crimes for intelligence or other purposes, and the handling of captured enemy assets. Therefore, while much of the documentation described herein was originated during the years when the United States was involved in World War II (1939 to 1945) one marginal document originated prior to this period can be found and numerous post-war items are also covered, especially materials concerning United States handling of captured German and Japanese assets and correspondence relating to clemency for Japanese soldiers convicted and imprisoned for war crimes. -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD. -
The National War College Marking 70 Years of Strategic Education
National War College (Katie Freeman) The National War College Marking 70 Years of Strategic Education By Janet Breslin-Smith eventy years ago, a war-weary Soviet aggression shattered postwar Washington struggled with dreams of peace. With the dawn of S uncertainty and alarm. Exhausted 1946 we entered a new strategic era— after years of global conflict and still the bipolar struggle with the Soviet Dr. Janet Breslin-Smith was Chair of the carrying memories of the Great Depres- Union. Department of National Security Strategy at the National War College (NWC) and taught sion, America yearned for home and The Nation responded. Testifying to at the college from 1992 to 2006. She is prosperity. Yet barely 6 months after the resilience and creative pragmatism of co-author of The National War College: A victory in World War II, Washington American leadership, Washington’s alarm History of Strategic Thinking in Peace and War (NWC Association, 2008). She is President of faced troubling signs of danger ahead. and uncertainty soon were replaced by Crosswinds Strategic Consulting. A past ally was becoming a threat. productivity and accomplishment. Key JFQ 84, 1st Quarter 2017 Breslin-Smith 59 that year, these men developed the first “joint” evolution in professional military education—the Army-Navy Staff College, a 12-week program for selected officers for command and staff duty in unified or coordinated com- mands. This idea caught on and by 1944 there was growing support, not only for enhanced joint senior officer education but also for a larger institu- tional reorganization cutting across the Executive Branch.