Land Acquisition for the Reconstruction of Zilla Court Bridge in Alappuzha

Home , Alappuzha, Changanassery, Kalarcode, Keerikkad, Mullakkal

¼ßÜ SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY

FINAL REPORT

LAND ACQUISITION FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION

OF ZILLA COURT BRIDGE IN ALAPPUZHA DISTRICT Entrusted by the District Administration, Alappuzha

27th APRIL 2020

Requiring Body SIA Unit RAJAGIRI OUTREACH RAJAGIRI COLLEGE OF SOCIAL PWD SCIENCES RAJAGIRI.P.O., (ROADS& KALAMASSERY PIN: 683104 BRIDGES) PH:0484 – 291130/3321, 2550-785 [email protected] ALAPPUZHA www.rajagirioutreach.in

CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Project and public purpose 1.2 Location 1.3 Size and attributes of land acquisition 1.4 Alternatives considered 1.5 Social impacts 1.6 Mitigation measures

CHAPTER 2 - DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Background of the project, including developers background and governance/ management structure 2.2 Rationale for project including how the project fits the public purpose criteria listed in the Act 2.3 Details of project size, location, capacity, outputs, production targets, costs and risks 2.4 Examination of alternatives 2.5 Phases of the project construction 2.6 Core design features and size and type of facilities 2.7 Need for ancillary infrastructural facilities 2.8 Work force requirements (temporary and permanent) 2.9 Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if already conducted and any technical feasibility reports 2.10 Applicable legislations and policies

CHAPTER 3 –TEAM COMPOSITION, APPROACH METHODOLOGY AND SCHEDULE OF THE SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 3.1 List of all team members with qualification 3.2 Description and rationale for the methodology and tools used to collect information for the social impact assessment 3.3 Sampling methodology used 3.4 Overview of information/ data sources used 3.5 Schedule of consultations with key stakeholders and brief description of public hearings conducted 3

CHAPTER 4 - LAND ASSESSMENT 4.1 Land Description with the help of Maps, Information from Land Inventories and Primary Sources. 4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to land area for acquisition) 4.3 Total land requirement for the project 4.4 Present use of any public, utilized land in the vicinity of the project area 4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the intended use for each plot of land required for the project 4.6 Quantity and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project 4.7 Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land, irrigation coverage and cropping patterns 4.8 Size of holdings, ownership patterns, land distributions and number of residential houses 4.9 Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the last three years CHAPTER 5 - ESTIMATION AND ENUMERATION OF AFFECTED FAMILIES AND ASSETS 5.1 Estimation of families 5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be acquired) 5.2 Family of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights 5.3 Families which depend on common property resources which will be affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood 5.4 Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes and such land is under acquisition 5.5 Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for proceeding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land 5.6 Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition 5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by the acquisition of own lands) 4

5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands.

CHAPTER 6 –SOCIAL ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL PROFILE 6.1 Demographic details of the population in the project area 6.2 Income and poverty level 6.3 Vulnerable groups 6.4 Land use and livelihood 6.5 Local economic activities 6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods 6.7 Kinship patterns and social and cultural organization 6.8 Administrative organization 6.9 Political organization 6.10 Community based and civil society organizations 6.11 Regional dynamics and historical change processes 6.12 Quality of the living environment

CHAPTER 7 - SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT

7.1 Approaches to mitigation 7.2 Measures to avoid mitigate and compensate impact 7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act 7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the project proposal 7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during SIA 7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy 7.7 The Social Impact Management Plan that the Requiring Body has committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body

CHAPTER 8 –SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each mitigation measures 8.2 Specify role of Non Governmental Organizations etc, if involved 8.3 Indicate capacities required and capacity building plan, including technical assistance if any 8.4 Timelines for each activity

CHAPTER 9 - SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET AND FINANCING OF MITIGATION PLAN

9.1 Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs 9.2 Annual budget and plan of action 9.3 Funding sources with break up

CHAPTER 10 - SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION

10.1 Key monitoring and evaluative indicators 10.2. Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles 10.3. Plan for independent evaluation

CHAPTER 11 - ANALYSIS OF COSTS AND BENEFITS AND RECOMMENDATION ON ACQUISITION

11.1 Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing alternatives, minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity of social impacts, and viable mitigation measures will address costs

11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or not.

Tables

1.3.1. Extent of the Land to be acquired

1.5.1. Social Impacts of the Project in General

3.1.1. Study Team

3.5.1. Questions Raised in Public Hearing and Answer from the Officials

4.2.1. Possible Impacts of the Land Owners

4.3.1. Description of the Land to be Acquired

5.1.1. Name and details of the Land Owners

5.6.1.1. The Tenants who work in the Project Area for more than 3 Years.

5.6.1.2. The Labours who work in the Affected Shops for more than 3 Years

6.1.1. Religion of the Project Affected Families

7.6.1. Social Impact Management Plan

Figures

2.3.1. Sketch of the Project

2.5.1. Expected Period for Project Completion

4.1.1. Google Map of the Project Area

4.7.1. Type of the Land to be Acquired

4.7.2. Present Use of the Land to be Acquired

4.8.1. Extent of the land possessed by the Land Owners

6.1.1. Sex of the Project Affected Family Members

6.1.2. Age of the Project Affected Family Members

6.1.3. Social Group of the Project Affected Families

6.2.1. Primary Livelihood of the Project Affected Families

CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1. Project and Public Purpose

The proposed land acquisition is for the project Reconstruction of District Court Bridge across Vada Canal in Alappuzha town, which comes along with the alignment of NH66.

Alappuzha, also known as Alleppey, is the administrative headquarters of Alappuzha District of Kerala State of South India. The project area belongs to Alappuzha municipalitywhich have a population of 174,164 and ranks third among the districts in literacy rate in the State of Kerala. The city is situated 28 km from Changanacherry, 46 km from Kottayam, 53 km from Kochi, 129.4 km from Thrissur and 155 km north of Trivandrum. A town with canals, backwaters, beaches and lagoons, Alappuzha was described by Lord Curzon as the "Venice of the East”.

Now a days urbanization of cities is happening at a fast pace. Since there is a progressive increase in vehicles and vehicle movement it is indeed an unavoidable need to improve the infrastructures including roads and bridges for the smooth traffic. There are 8 State Highways goes through in Alappuzha district of which 3 of them originates from Alapuzha town. State High Way 11 starts from Kalarcode and ends at Perunnai. This High Way is popularly known as AC road (Alappuzha-Changanassery road) and it covers a distance of 24.2 km. State High Way 11 is an important road which connects Alappuzha town with Kottayam district. State High Way 40 is an interstate High Way in Alapuzha district which connects Alapuzhatown with Madurai in Tamil Nadu. State High Way 66 originates from Alapuzha town and terminates at Thoppumpady. 8

The District Court Bridge at Alapuzha district is constructed across Vada Canal. It is located along the alignment of the road connecting NH 66 and Alappuzha- Madhurai National Highway. This road is normally used as a link road which connects Panvel-Kanyakumari Highway (NH 66) and District Court Way Road which can reduce the travel time of vehicles passing through Alappuzha city. Currently this bridge is having a span of 33 m and width of 7.5 m. Six roads are merging on the two approaches of the bridge and due to the narrow width of the bridge, usually heavy traffic congestions are occurring at peak timings. Some times 20-30 minutes requires to cross a stretch of 1 km near the bridge vicinity. The Court bridge was constructed 50 years before and presently the superstructure and substructure are in a worst condition. Hence it is proposed to reconstruct the bridge with sufficient facilities likea rotary exchange with a music fountain at centre and having a set of underpass and ramp road and flyovers on either side of the canal. For the rehabilitation of the existing shops at Mullakkal side, it is planning to provide a box type structure of size 5.8 m x 5.2 m under the ramp road at Mullakkal side. With the construction of a new bridge with carriage way of 11 m., it is expected that the traffic delay at the Shavakkottapalam junction can be reduce to a greater extend. The proposed bridge connects Ambalapuzha and Changanassery town, a major marketing centre in Alapuzha district. By developing the bridge short access to the educational institutions and major tourist centres in Alapuzha make possible. Besides the new proposed foot path can be used for tourism purpose, since it is located in the heart of Alappuzha town.

This is the Final Report of the Social Impact Assessment Study conductedin the affected area of the land acquisition for the reconstruction of District Court Bridge, Alapuzha.

1.2. Location

The proposed land acquisition is for the reconstruction of Zilla Court Bridge in Alapuzha district. The project area belongs to Mullackal village in Ambalapuzha Taluk in Alapuzha district. The bridge was constructed across VadaKanal and it is located along with the alignment of the road connecting NH66 and Alapuzha-Madurai National High Way.

1.3. Size and Attributes of Land Acquisition

Considering the request letter No.CE/R&BIALP/7521/118/KIIFB dated 08.05.2019 Chief Engineer (PWD-Bridges&Roads), sanction has been accorded via G.O.(Rt)No.1388/2019/RD dated 31/05/2019 by the Revenue(B) department, Government of Kerala for acquisition of 113.3 ares of land for the reconstruction of District Court Bridge in Mullakkal Village of Alapuzha district. Its details are as follows:

Table 1.3.1. Extent of the land to be Acquired:

Taluk Village Survey No Extent Ambalapuzha Mullakkal 20/1, 20/2, 20/3, 21/2, 21/3, 21/13, 25/9, 25/10, 25/11, 25/12, 25/13, 25/14, 25/15, 25/17, 25/18, 25/19, 25/20, 25/21, 25/22, 25/23, 25/24, 25/25, 25/26, 25/27, 25/28, 25/29, 25/30, 25/34/25/35/25/36, 26/1, 26/2, 26/3, 26/4, 27/2, 27/25, 27/26, 27/27, 27/28, 27/29, 27/44, 27/45, 27/47, 27/48, 27/49, 27/53, 107/1, 107/2, 107/9, 107/10, 107/11, 107/12, 107/13, 107/16, 107/17, 107/18, 107/19, 107/20, 107/21, 108/1, 108/16, 109/1, 109/2, 109/3, 109/4, 109/5, 109/6, 109/7, 109/8, 109/9, 109/10, 109/11, 109/13, 109/14, 109/15, 109/16, 109/17, 109/18, 109/27, 10

109/28, 109/29, 109/30, 109/31, 109/60, 109/99, 109/100, 109/101, 109/105, 109/106, 110/2, 110/9, 110/10, 110/12, 110/13, 110/17, 110/18, 110/19, 110/24, 110/25, 110/29, 110/30, 110/39, 110/40, 110/41, 110/42, 110/43, 110/44, 110/46, 110/47, 110/48, 110/49, 110/50, 110/51, 110/54

The land in 114 survey numbers are proposed to be acquired for the project. As per the Revenue records land in 21 survey numbers are unauthorised land ad all other land belongs to “Dry land” category.

1.4 Alternatives considered

Since the proposed land acquisition is for the reconstruction of the existing bridge, the consideration of alternative is not relevant.

1.5 Social Impacts

The area proposed to be acquired for the project of Reconstruction of District Court Bridge in Alappuzha District is a business centre in Alappuzha town. Except a non-resident house, no other houses are there in the project area. Hence no residences are affected due to the project. However, the project may negatively affect the livelihood of many like land owners who are doing business, tenant business men, those who are doing business in unauthorised land and those who are working in the project affected shops. Subsequently the project will lead a multi facet development of the area those who were participated in the survey have favourable attitude towards the project even though they cannot bear with the loss of livelihood even for a day. As per the present alignment, the property of1 educational institution, 2 government offices and 1 civil society institution also will be included in the affected list. Social impacts of the project in general are mentioning below:

Projected affected land owners : 49 11

Project affected tenants (including Keyosk) : 53

Those who are doing business in unauthorised land : 3

Those who are working in the affected shops : 146

Table 1.5.1. Social Impacts of the Project in General

Sl.No. Impact Description 1 Displacement of families Nil 2 Resettlement of Electric post, telephone post etc. to infrastructure be relocated 3 Loss of livelihood 27 land owners who do business in the area, 53 tenant businessmen including kiyosk, 3 do business in unauthorised land and 146 labours working in the affected shops will lose their livelihood 4 Loss of Income 34 land owners will lose income as rent from the affected shops. Besides the functioning of shops which are not included in acquisition may be disturbed during construction period and it will lead to loss of income 5 Impact on Educational The Besant Hall comprises of 8 class Institution rooms, a part of compound wall, 2 coconut trees and toilet block of S.D. School 6 Impact on Government Land and a part of compound wall Institutions of Krishibhavan and Vetenary Hospital. Besides the unauthorised land owned by Alapuzha Municipality 7 Impact on civil society Land and a part of compound wall Institutions of ChethuThozhilali Union Office

Note: The above data is arrived as per the information provided by the respondents during the Survey. Supporting documents need to be verified.

1.6. Mitigation Measures

While considering the afore said impacts of the land acquisition for the reconstruction of District Court Bridge, Alapuzha, the following mitigation measures are suggested.

 Compensation as per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 and Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015.  Resettlement procedures as per the Policies vide G.O.(MS)No.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015 and G.O.(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for acquisition of land in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013  To avoid negative impact on livelihood of the families, resettlement procedures should be done before the evacuation of shops.  Measures to be taken to ensure that the functioning of those shops which are not included in acquisition is not hindering during construction period  Measures to be taken to unhindered the people’s mobility and vehicle movement during construction

CHAPTER 2

DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1. Background of the project, including developer’s background and governance/ management structure

The District Court bridge is situated along with the alignment of NH 66 in Alapuzha town. The bridge is having a span of 33 m and a width of 7.5m. Six roads are merging on the two approaches of the bridge and due to the narrow width of the bridge, usually heavy traffic congestions are occurring at peak timings. Sometimes it requires 20-30 minutes to cross a stretch of 1 k.m near the bridge vicinity. There are 8 State High Ways in Alappuzha district, of which 3 of them originates from Alapuzha town. State High Way 11 also known as AC road (Alapuzha-Changanassery road) covers a distance of 24.2 k.m,starts from Kalarkode ends at Perunna, is an important road which connects Alappuzha town with Kottayam district. State Highway 40 is an interstate highway which connects Alapuzha town with Madurai and Tamil Nadu. State Highway 66 originates from Alapuzha town and terminates at Thoppumpady. So the congestion in the District Court Bridge affects the smooth traffic on these Highways directly and indirectly.

The District Court Bridge was constructed 50 years before and presently its superstructure and substructure are in a worst condition. So it is proposed to reconstruct the bridge with sufficient facilities to reduce the existing traffic block and also aiming to improve the tourism in the area..Considering the request from The Chief Engineer, PWD (bridges & Roads), Revenue (B) department, Government of Kerala has accorded sanction via G.O.(Rt)No.1388/2019/RD dated 31.05.2019 to acquire 113.33 Ares of land from Mullakkal village for the reconstruction of District Court Bridge.Accordingly, site investigation has been done and general design is prepared by the DRIQ board, Thiruvananthapuram 14

Public Works Department is one of the very prominent engineering department of Kerala and is the statutory authority for designing, planning, monitoring, constructing and undertaking maintenance of public works of the State Government such as Government Buildings, Roads, Bridges etc, irrespective of the source of funds for the same.Each wing of the department is under the administrative control of a Chief Engineer, such as Roads and Bridges, Buildings and National Highways,there shall be one or more Circle under the control of Superintending Engineers under each Chief Engineer. Each circle consists of a number of Divisions under the control of Executive Engineers. The main executive unit of the department is the division under the control of an Executive Engineer (divisional officer), who controls the work of all the subdivisions under his jurisdiction. PWD (Roads & Bridges), Alapuzha division is the developer of the project of reconstruction of District Court Bridge.

2.2. Rationale for project including how the project fits the public purpose criteria listed in the Act

A place with Canals, backwaters, beaches and lagoons, Alapuzha in Kerala State is a well-known district for tourism. District Court Bridge, the bridge proposed to be reconstructed is situated along with the alignment of NH 66 in Alapuzha town. Currently this bridge is having a span of 33 m and a width of 7.5 m. Six roads are merging on the two approaches of the bridge and due to the narrow width of the bridge, usually heavy traffic congestions are occurring at peak timings. Sometimes it requires 20-30 minutes to cross a stretch of 1 k.m near the bridge vicinity. There are 8 State Highways in Alapuzha district of which 3 of them originates from Alapuzha town. The congestion in the bridge affect the smooth traffic on these Highways directly and indirectly.

It is indeed an unavoidable need of today to improve the infrastructures including roads and bridges for the smooth traffic. The District Court Bridge at 15

Alapuzha town was constructed 50 years before and currently its superstructure and substructure are in a worst condition. Each day so many vehicles are passing through this bridge. So to ensure the safe and smooth traffic, the bridge has to be reconstructed with sufficient facilities. With the reconstruction of the bridge it is expected to reduce the traffic delay to a greater extend and also make easy access to different educational and religious institutions and to various tourist centres in Alapuzha district. So it is expected that the project may cause social and economic development by smoothening traffic as well as the developing tourism in Alapuzha town.

As per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 Section 2(1)b(i) (Notification from Ministry of Finance F.No.13/6/2009-INF dated 7/10/2013)the project can be considered as a public purpose. 2.3. Details of Project - size, Location, Production Targets,Cost and Risks Reconstruction of the District Court Bridge across vada canal and located on the alignment of NH 66 at Alapuzha town is the proposed project. Currently this bridge is having a span of 33 m and a width of 7.5 m. So it is proposed to build a new bridge and its general design was prepared by Kerala Public Work Department DRIQ Board, Thiruvananthapuram.

For reconstruction, it is proposed to build a new bridge having rotary exchange at centre and having a set of underpass and ramp road and flyovers on either side of the canal. A music fountain is suggested on the centre of the rotary. The proposed width of the ramp road is 5.5 m and for underpass is 7.5 m and flyover is 5.5 m. Pedestrian footpaths are provided on the rotary junction ramp road and underpass. It is proposed to provide Z type sheet pile on either side of the canal bank for a length of 600 m for protecting the canal bank. On the Mullakkal side, it is proposed to provide a box typoe structure of size 5.8 m X 5.2 m under the ramp road for rehabilitating the existing shoips at Mullakkal side. The resettlement of the existing boat jetty is also proposed. 16

The requiring body is awaiting Administrative sanction and Technical sanction for an amount of 20 crores for the project which was included in KIIFB 2016-2017 with GO No.1496/2016/PWD dated 31/10/2016, having serial number 56. Now it is directed to include in Special Investment Scheme (anti-recession package) and awaiting assistance from KIIFB.

Figure 2.3.1. Sketch of the Project

2.4. Examination of Alternatives Reconstruction and widening of the District Court Bridge across Vada Canal at Alapuzhatown is the proposed project. So the examination of alternative is not relevant.

2.5. Phases of the Project Construction The picture below shows the time period expected by PWD for the completion of the project.

Figure 2.5.1. Expected period for project completion

Months

Foundation Approach 4 month Emankment 4 month Foundation Sub Structure Super Structure Super Structure Sub Structure 8 month 8 month Approach Emankment

The above picture depicts that the Requiring Body is expected to complete the foundation in 4 months, substructure in 8 months, super structure in 8 months and approach embankment in 4 months. So the expected project period is 2 years. 2.6. Core design Features and Size and Type of Facilities:

The design of the project was made by PWD DRIQ Board, Thiruvananthapuram. In lieu of the existing District Court Bridge it is proposed to build a new bridge having rotary exchange at centre and having a set of underpass and ramp road and flyovers on either side of the canal. A music fountain is suggested on the centre of the rotary. The proposed width of the ramp road is 5.5 m and for underpass is 7.5 m and flyover is 5.5 m. Pedestrian footpaths are provided on the rotary junction ramp road and underpass. It is proposed to provide Z type sheet pile on either side of the canal bank for a length of 600 m for protecting the canal bank. On the Mullakkal side, it is proposed to provide a box type structure of size 5.8 m X 5.2 m under the ramp road for rehabilitating the existing shops at Mullakkal side. The resettlement of the existing boat jetty is also proposed. 18

Type of Bridge :PSC Box Girder Bridge

Total Span Legnth : Contains One Fly Over of 300m and 3 Flyovers of 115m in length

Carriage Way Width : 7.5 m for underpass and 5.5m for flyover and ramp road

2.7. Need for Ancillary Infrastructural Facilities

The rehabilitation of the existing shops and boat jetty has to be done. These are proposed in the Detailed Project Report.

2.8. Work Force Requirements:

The Requiring Body stated that the work should be given as tender and the contractor shall deploy sufficient work force and machineries to complete the work on time 2.9. Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if already conducted and any technical feasibility reports

As per the information received from the Requiring body the Soil Investigation of the project area was done and reports were submitted by M/S.RubySoft Tech, Thiruvananthapuram and Prof:SukumaranThampy, a retired professor of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram. Traffic survey also was done in the area.

2.10 Applicable Legislations and Policies

The applicable laws on compensation and resettlement for the land acquisition from Mullackal village in Ambalapuzha Taluk in Alapuzha district for the Reconstruction of District Court Bridge are:

 The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013  Kerala The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015  The State Policy vide G.O. (Ms) No.485/2015/RD, dated 23/09/2015issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013  The State Policy vide G.O.(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013  Right to Information Act, 2005

CHAPTER 3 TEAM COMPOSITION, STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

As per the meeting held on 27.09.2019 at District Collector’s office, the Dstrict Collector issued Notification No.G1-19827/2018(1) dated 27.09.2019 to entrust Rajagiri outreach, the social service wing of Rajagiri College of Social Sciences to conduct the Social Impact Assessment Study of the land acquisition for the Reconstruction of District Court Bridge, Alapuzha, as insisted in RFCTLARR Act 2013. The said Notification is published in the Kerala Gazette (Extraordinary) No.268 dated 10/12/2019. Further, the SIA unit has constituted a team with experts who have engaged in similar projects and deployed them into the project with a set of specific roles and responsibilities.

3.1. List of all Team Members with Qualifications:

The study team headed by the Director of Rajagiri outreach, who is the Chairperson of SIA Unit. A team of 7 members having experience in conducting Social Impact Assessment Study and Socio-economic Surveys were assigned for field level data collection, monitoring of data collection and co-ordination of the study. Representatives from Revenue Department supported the investigators to identify the affected families. Details of the study team are given in the table 3.1.1.

Table :3.1.1. SIA Team Members Sl.No Name Qualification and Experience Designation 1 Dr.Binoy Joseph MA(HRM), LLB, Ph.D. 23 years in Consultant teaching, (Principal, Rajagiri research and College of Social training Sciences) 2 MeenaKuruvilla MSW 31 years in Chairperson development sector 3 Maria Tency.V.S MA, DSS, 27years in Research Associate – SIA development Unit sector 4 Biju C.P A.B Philosophy 24 years in Development Officer SIA development sector 5 Tony Babu MSW 2 year in Research Associate development sector 6 Jaicy.K.M MSW 1 year in Research Associate development sector 7 Albin Noble MSW 1 year in Research Associate development sector

3.2. Description and Rationale for the Methodology and Tools Used to collect Information for the Social Impact Assessment:

Before preparing the Draft SIA study report the study team acquired maximum information about the project with the support of requiring body. The team visited the affected area and studied the socio-economic background of the affected families. Various impacts of land acquisition were assessed in detail. 22

The primary data was collected from the affected individuals through a census model socio-economic survey for which a pretested questionnaire was used. Legal framework for land acquisition and compensation as per RFCTLAR&R Act 2013 were also studied. Various steps taken for the study are as follows:  Study of relevant documents, reports and project alignment drawing.  Site visits and information dissemination about the project  Socio-economic survey and enumeration of affected properties  Analysis of socio-economic survey data  Draft Report Preparation  Public Hearing and Draft Report presentation  Final Report Preparation

3.3. Sampling Methodology Used:

The impact of each family is different and as the Social Impact Assessment Study requires the data of the entire affected families and individuals. Therefore no sampling methods are used instead of it all universe were studied in detail. 3.4. Overview of Information/Data Sources Used: The primary data were collected through the face to face interview by visiting theaffected area. A pretested questionnaire was used for the face to face interview with the affected people. The questionnaire included both the closed and the open ended questions. Their basic demographic details, present use of the land to be acquired, the after effects of land acquisition, etc. were collected through the face to face survey. The secondary information was collected from the Requiring Body and the Revenue department. RFCTLAR&R Act and the Policy and Rule framed by the State Government in lieu of the Act also were referred. A Public Hearing was held on 20th February 2020, Thursday at 11 am at SanathanaVidyalaya Centenary Hall, Alappuzha as the 3rd phase of study. All the affected people like land owners, tenants, workers of the shops and street vendors were shared their anxieties and doubts on the project and land acquisition. Mr.Suresh.V.,Oversear of PWD (bridge) section, Alappuzha 23

represented the Requiring Body and answered the questions related to the project. Mr.K.V.Ranjeev, Junior Superintendent and Mr.K.S. Sreekumar, Project Assistant represented KIFBI in the Public Hearing. 3.5. Schedule of Consultations with Key Stakeholders:  Pioneer visit to the project site : 28th December 2019  Meeting with the Requiring Body& LA officials:28th January 2020  Survey in Project Affected area : 2019 October 9th, 10th,11th,25th and 26th  Meeting with Mr.Mehboob, XV Division Councillor : 10th January 2020  Telephonic interview with Mrs.Rani, XIV Division Councillor : 15th January 2020  Public Hearing : 20th February 2020 Public Hearing Date : 20.02.2020 Venue : SanathanaVidyalayaCentinery Hall, Alapuzha A Public Hearing was held on 20th February 2020, Thursday at 11 am at SanathanaVidyalaya Centenary Hall, Alapuzha as part of the Social Impact Assessment study of the land acquisition for the project of reconstruction of District Court bridge, Alapuzha. The Hearing was inaugurated by Mr.Illikkal Kunjumon, Chairman, Alapuzha Municipality.Mrs.MeenaKuruvilla, Chairperson of the SIA unit presided over the Hearing. Mr.C.P.Biju, official of SIA Unit extended welcome to the participants and given introduction about the Public Hearing. After the presentation of the SIA Draft Report by Mrs.V.S. Maria Tency, the participants ie project affected people, Councillors and representatives of Vyapari Vyavasayi Ekopana Samithi were shared their views and anxieties about the project and land acquisition. Mr.V.Suresh,Oversear of PWD (bridge section), Alapuzha replied to the questions related to the project. Representing the land acquisition office Mr.K.V.Ranjeev, Junior Superintend and Mr.K.S.Sreekumar, Project Assistant from KIIFB were also present in the hearing. The councillors of Alapuzha Municipality namely Mr.B.Mehboob, Mr.K.Babu, Mr.Premkumar and the Office bearers of Vyapari Vyavasayi Ekopana Samithi namely Mr.Chandrapal, Mr.Anirudhan, Mr.Sasidharan, 24

Mr.Joppan, Mr.V.Sabilraj were participated in the hearing and shared their views. Mr.Tony Babu and Ms.K.M. Jaicy were collected the details from those who were not participated in the SIA survey. The lists of the officials and the affected and not affected people participated in the Public Hearing are given as annexure.

The anxieties and queries raised during the public hearing was given in writing by the SIA unit to the Requiring Body and Land Acquisition Office which was replied by them. Those queries and reply is given in the table below:

Table 3.5.1 : Questions Raised in the Public Hearing and Answer from the Officials: Name of the person who raised Question/Anxiety Reply from the question concerned Official Mr.KunjumonIllikkal, Chairman, Municipality is Procedures as per Alapuzha Municipality proposed to RFCTLARR Act 2013 reconstruct the (as per Sathram complex as GO(MS)448/2017/RD a multi purpose in 2017 - LAO shopping complex, if fund is allotted by the Government. If so most of the affected shops can be rehabilitated there. He requested to provide sufficient compensation for the project affected people.

He also requested to implement the Requisition submitted project without to the Chief Engineer affecting the Besant (Design) to do Hall of possible changes to SanathanaVidhyala, the alignment without which is a historical destructing the monument building - PWD Mr.Mehaboob, Councillor, The owners of the Procedures as per Alapuzha Municipality shops, businessmen RFCTLARR Act 2013 and labours should (as per GO(MS)448/ 25

be protected. 2017/RD in 2017 - Evacuation of the LAO shops should be done only after providing rehabilitation.

The loss of shop owners during the construction of bridge should be considered for compensation.

The business of the 11 shops in the north east side of the District Court More extent of land Bridge will be stand required to construct still as per the service road - PWD design of the project. If the shops construct down the bridge, the shoppers will not step down from the proposed over bridge. Hence other options should be think instead of setting the shops under the bridge

Those who are doing business in the unauthorized land also to be included in the R&R package. Mr.K.Babu, Councillor, Alapuzha The affected shops Municipality should be rehabilitated before the implementation of the project

Reasonable 26

compensation should be provided to the land owners Mr.Chandrapal, Most of the business VyapariVyavasayiEkopanaSamithi men are doing business in rented shops. So compensation should be given to the owners as well as tenants

Speedy implementation of the project is requested Mr.Premkumar, Councillor, After addressing all Alapuzha Municipality the anxieties of the people the project should be implemented quickly Representative of Project should be Requisition submitted Sanathanavidhyalayam implemented to the Chief Engineer without affecting (Design) to do 115 year old Besant possible changes to Hall the alignment without destructing the building -PWD Mr.Kora Mathew, Soundarya Project should be Traders implemented only after the rehabilitation of all the affected shops. Otherwise during the project construction period all businessman should be provided Rs.60,000/- per month as compensation Dr.K.V.Krishnadas The extend of the Land within the land proposed to be boundary of the acquired and its existing stones will price should be acquired completely – 27

informed the PWD owners as early as possible The actual information will be For those who have available only after left only a minimum the completion of extend of land, survey. Clarity on the sanction should be extend of land will get given to construct after the procedures the building from of survey insisted by where the land RFCTLARR act. Then acquired for road by only the clarity on exempting the price will get. - LAO Municipal Rules

Speedy sanction required for the documents for reconstruction like plan, estimate etc. If the afore said are considered earlier the shop owners can finalize the plan and finance mobilization for reconstruction of shops Hence the arrangements for reconstruction of shops can be done before the project Procedures as per implementation RFCTLARR Act 2013 (as per Since the shop GO(MS)448/2017/RD owners and in 2017 -LAO business men are losing their livelihood, the period of demolition and reconstruction of shops should be considered for compensation The Name not mentioned The Government Government will take 28

should bear the measures for auction expense for to demolish the shops demolition of shops after the disbursement of compensation - PWD Mr.Anirudhan, a shop owner in Municipality It depends on the Municipal Complex and State Sathram complex decision of Executive member of has to be renewed Government- VyapariVyavasayiEkopanaSamithi with the support of Municipality. - LAO Government and temporary rehabilitation for the shops shall be provided in the Sathram complex and in town square Salim His sons, son in Compensation will be laws and himself provided as per owned 6 shops RFCTLARR Act 2013 - which were bought LAO by availed loan. Land value in the area is high so requires compensation accordingly. Mr.Sasidharan, President, Rehabilitation It is not practical VyapariVyavasayiEkopanaSamithi should be provided because as per the ensuring that existing plan there business is not will not sufficient affecting even a height to construct day. Include the shops under the ramp rehabilitation of the road -PWD shops in town square in the Project plan as of the shops in Mullakkal side. Mr.Joppan, District Joint Secretary, Those who are VyapariVyavasayiEkopanaSamithi doing business in unauthorized land also should be considered for temporary rehabilitation in town square. Rafeek If the project period Land within the 29

extend more than 2 boundary of the years that time also existing stones will should be acquired completely - considered for PWD compensation. The actual Extend of land to be information will be acquired from each available only after owner should be the completion of intimated survey. Clarity on the Owners, Tenants extend of land will get and street vendors after the procedures should be of survey insisted by considered RFCTLARR act. Then separately for only the clarity on compensation price will get -LAO The existing business men Since the approach should be given road and ramp road priority when will be in place of the reconstruct the demolishing shops, shops the construction of shops in that place will not be possible - PWD Pazhani He wants to know Land within the the exact extend of boundary of the land will be taken existing stones will from his property acquired completely - PWD Janandananpillai PWD laid stone in Shop owners were his car parking area informed before but till not informed laying the stone and him also advertised in news paper - PWD FathimaKhabeer The frontage of her Frontage will not lose shopping complex completely. Chances will lose due to to hinder the big acquisition. vehicles Requested that the transportation during entry to the construction period - shopping complex PWD must not hinder during construction period Sathar He is doing Compensation as per business in RFCTLARR Act 2013 - 30

Municipal shopping LAO complex for the last 22 years and losing livelihood now. Even though the land is owned by Municipality the constructions were done by the shop owners. So he wants to know the R&R package for those who are doing business in the Municipal complex Sebastian He is doing business in the affected area for the last 2 years and losing livelihood now. Requested to consider for compensation

CHAPTER 4 LAND ASSESSMENT

4.1 Land Description with the help of Maps, Information from Land Inventories and Primary Sources. The present land acquisition is for the reconstruction of District Court bridge in Alapuzha district. The project area belongs to Mullakkal village in AmbalapuzhaTaluk in Alapuzha district. The District Court Bridge constructed across theVada Canal is located along with the alignment of the road connecting NH 66 and Alappuzha-Madurai National Highway. The proposed area to acquire is a business centre in Alapuzha town.

Figure 4.1.1 Google Map of the Project Area

4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to land area for acquisition) The District Court bridge proposed for reconstruction is located in National Highway 66 in Alappuzha town. Currently this bridge is having a span of 33 m and width of 7.5 m. Six roads are merging on the two approaches of the bridge 33

and due to the narrow width of the bridge, usually heavy traffic congestions are occurring at peak timings. Some times 20-30 minutes requires to cross a stretch of 1 km near the bridge vicinity. There are 8 State Highways goes through Alappuzha district of which 3 of them originates from Alapuzha town. Hence the traffic block in District Court bridge directly and indirectly affects the travel through these High ways. With the construction of a new bridge with carriage way of 11 m., it is expected that the traffic delay at the Shavakkottapalam junction can be reduce to a greater extend. The proposed bridge connects Ambalapuzha and Changanassery town, a major marketing centre in Alapuzha district. By developing the bridge short access to the educational institutions and major tourist centres in Alapuzha make possible. Besides the Requiring Body’s plan to construct the new bridge with sufficient infrastructure anticipating the possibilities for tourism, since it is located in the heart of Alappuzha town.

The area proposed to be acquired for the project is business centre in Alappuzha town. Hence anyone’s residence will not be affected due to the project. But the major impact of the project is that the possibility of the permanent or temporary loss of livelihood of the individuals who run the business or working in the shops in the project area. Besides the property of S.D.School also will be affected. A portion of the compound wall and gate of the government institutions such as Krishibhavan and Vetenary Hospital as well as the office of Chethuthozhilali Union will be affected.

The Social Impact Assessment Study team could identify 49 land owners who will be affected with the land acquisition for the reconstruction of District court bridge. In the survey 27 of them reveals that they are running business in the affected area and will lose their livelihood. 34 land owners will lose their income receives as rent. Besides the tenant business men, and those who are doing business in the unauthorised land including kiyosk building owned by Alapuzha Municipality and the workers in the affected shop will lose their livelihood. 56 of these business men and 146 workers were given information through the survey. 34

The table below explains about the possible impact of the project affected land owners:

Table 4.2.1.: Possible Impacts of the Land Owners

Sl.No. Name and address Impact 1 Rajeev Loss of shop (displacement) business and Thaiveedu livelihood Asramam ward Avaloorkunnu.p.o Alapuzha 2 Marykutty James Shop (partial), Loss of business and livelihood Kavalam House Thathampilly Alapuzha 3 P.C.Roy Sun side of the shop Palackal House Poothop Road Alapuzha 4 C.N.krishnan Shop (partial), Loss of business and livelihood Devanganam House Thondakulagara Alapuzha 5 SheelaShanavas Sunshade of the shop SanjuNivas (House) Alapuzha 6 Navas Shop (displacement), loss of business and NavasMandiram livelihood Sanadhana ward Alapuzha 7 Tensing Shop (displacement), loss of business and ManjulaBhavan livelihood Thondankulangara Avalokunnu.p.o Alapuzha 8 Renuka Shop (displacement), loss of income as rent Prasadam House Thathampilly 9 Udayakumar.K. Vrindavanam House West of Kappil Junction Thathampilly.P.O Alapuzha 10 Ambily 35

Udayam House Mullakkal.P.O Alapuzha 11 Ramachandran pillai 2 shops (displacement), loss of business and Sreelakshmi house livelihood Thondamkulangara Avalokunnu.p.o Alapuzha 12 K.V.Krishnadas Shop (partial), loss of income as rent Kottaramveedu Pothujana road Kumarapuram Medical College.P.O. Thiruvananthapuram 13 Dr.T.A. Antony Shop (displacement), loss of income as rent St.Antony’s Shrine Kattoor Kalavoor 14 ZeenathSalim 2shops (displacement), 4 shops( partial), loss SiyadManzil of livelihood (income as rent) Velliyamparamb Thathampilly.P.O. Alapuzha 15 SiyadSalim 1 shop (displacement) SiyadMansil Velliyamparamb Thathampilly.P.O. Alapuzha 16 Adv: Ram Das etc. Land, 2 buildings fully, loss of income as rent (Details not available) 17 Scaria Antony Building (Partial) Puthenpurackal House Ashramam Ward Avalokunnu.P.O. Alapuzha 18 MuhammedSherif Shop (displacement), loss of livelihood Mullattvalappu House (income as rent) Iravukode ward Thiruvampady Alapuzha 19 Muhammed Rafeek Building (displacement) , loss of business and NavasMansil livelihood Kadavathussery Thiruvampady.P.O Alapuzha 20 Michael Thomas shop (displacement), loss of livelihood 36

Kidaparambil House (income as rent) Thathampilly Alapuzha 21 Mehaboob 3 shops (displacement), loss of livelihood Palayathuparambil (income as rent) District Court Ward Alapuzha 22 S.I. Shop(displacement), loss of business and BarakathMuhammed livelihood Thaiparambil House Vellakinar Junction Alapuzha 23 Sanadhana Dharma Besant hall comprises of 8 class room, a Vidyasala Trust portion of compound wall, 2 coconut trees, toilet block, 4 shops, 9 semi structured shops, loss of income as rent from these shops 24 Subhash 2 shops (partial), loss of livelihood (income as Panavelikandathil rent) House Sanathanam Ward Alapuzha 25 Ravikumar Parking area only Ambazhavelil House Avoor South Keerikkad Kayamkulam 26 Himalaya Bakery Shop(displacement), business and livelihood (Details not available) 27 Janardhanan Pillai Entry and parking area of shopping complex (Details not available) 28 Chandrasekharan Shop (partial – step only) Soubhagya House Avalokunnu.P.O Alapuzha 29 Kavitha&Kalpana Loss of land (Details not available) 30 AnwarHussain Loss of shop and income as rent Poovathinkal House South Aryad Avalookunnu.P.O. 31 Prathipal Loss of shop and livelihood (income as rent) Pulimoottil House Alapuzha 32 Jose AlukkasJewellery Entry portion including 6 half structured Alapuzha fencing pillars 33 Althaf Tower 37

(Details not available) 34 Abdul Nazar 1 shop (fully) and 2 shops (partially) affected, Kakkanatveliyil House loss of business and livelihood and income as Karukakayil Ward rent from 2 buildings Thathampilly.P.O Alapuzha 35 FathimaKhabeer Compound wall, gate and entrance portion of Reemmansion House the shopping complex Thathampilly.P.O. Alapuzha 36 G.Ramachandran Shop (partial) Pillai Sreelakshmi Thondankulangara Avalokunnu.P.O. Alapuzha 37 Viswanathan 1 Shop (displacement), loss of income as rent (Details not available) 38 Jose Step and sunshade of the shop Akkarakalam Mullackal Alapuzha 39 Shoukath 4 shops and the entry to other shops behind, ShadinaManzil loss of livelihood (business and rent) Thathampilli.P.O Alapuzha 40 MuhammedAsharaf KarakamadDesam ChavakadKadapuram 41 NisaAsharaf KarakamadDesam ChavakadKadapuram 42 Noushad MuhsinaMansil Ashramam Ward Alapuzha 43 ShakeerHussain BaithulHussain Karukayil Ward Thathampilly 44 Abdul Khafer khan BusharaMansil Karukayil Ward Thathampilly 45 Unais BusharaMansil 38

Karukayil Ward Thathampilly 46 Muhammed Rasheed KarakamadDesham ChavakadKadapuram 47 AbinMajeed KarakamadDesham ChavakadKadapuram 48 Rashimon BusharaMansail Karukayil Ward Thathampilly 49 Abdul Nazar Darul Salam House 3 shops (displacement) Power House Ward Alapuzha

4.3 Total Land Requirement for the Project: As per the Notification No.G1-19827/2018 of the Alappuzha District Collector published in Kerala Gazatte dated 27th January 2020 the proposed project requires in total 01.13.133 hectors land. These land belongs to 114 survey numbers of Mullakkara village in AmbalapuzhaTauk, Alappuzha district. And the area belongs to 14 and 15 divisions of Aluva Municipality. As per Revenue records the land includes in 21 survey numbers are unauthorised land and all other land are “Dry land”.

Table 4.3.1: Description of the Land to be Acquired

Sl.No. Survey No. Description 1 25/9 Dry land 2 25/10 Dry land 3 25/11 Dry land 4 25/12 Dry land 5 25/13 Dry land 6 25/14 Dry land 7 25/15 Dry land 8 25/17 Dry land 9 25/18 Dry land 10 25/19 Dry land 11 25/20 Dry land 12 25/21 Dry land 39

13 25/22 Dry land 14 25/23 Dry land 15 25/24 Dry land 16 25/25 Dry land 17 25/26 Dry land 18 25/27 Dry land 19 25/28 Dry land 20 25/29 Dry land 21 25/30 Dry land 22 25/34 Dry land 23 25/35 Dry land 24 25/36 Dry land 25 26/1 Unauthorised land 26 26/2 Unauthorised land 27 26/3 Unauthorised land 28 26/4 Unauthorised land 29 27/2 Unauthorised land 30 27/25 Dry land 31 27/26 Unauthorised land 32 27/27 Unauthorised land 33 27/28 Dry land 34 27/29 Dry land 35 27/44 Dry land 36 27/45 Unauthorised land 37 27/47 Dry land 38 27/48 Dry land 39 27/49 Unauthorised land 40 27/53 Dry land 41 109/1 Unauthorised land 42 109/2 Dry land 43 109/3 Dry land 44 109/4 Dry land 45 109/5 Dry land 46 109/6 Dry land 47 109/7 Dry land 48 109/8 Dry land 49 109/9 Dry land 50 109/10 Dry land 51 109/11 Dry land 52 109/13 Dry land 53 109/14 Dry land 54 109/15 Dry land 55 109/16 Dry land 40

56 109/17 Dry land 57 109/18 Dry land 58 109/27 Dry land 59 109/28 Dry land 60 109/29 Dry land 61 109/30 Dry land 62 109/31 Dry land 63 109/60 Dry land 64 109/100 Dry land 65 109/101 Dry land 66 109/99 Unauthorised land 67 109/105 Dry land 68 109/106 Dry land 69 110/2 Dry land 70 110/9 Dry land 71 110/10 Dry land 72 110/12 Dry land 73 110/13 Dry land 74 110/17 Dry land 110/18 75 Unauthorised land 76 110/19 Dry land 77 110/24 Dry land 78 110/25 Dry land 79 110/29 Dry land 80 110/30 Dry land 81 110/39 Dry land 82 110/40 Dry land 83 110/41 Dry land 84 110/42 Dry land 85 110/43 Dry land 86 110/44 Dry land 87 110/46 Dry land 88 110/47 Dry land 89 110/48 Dry land 90 110/49 Dry land 91 110/50 Dry land 92 110/51 Dry land 93 110/54 Dry land 94 108/1 Dry land 95 108/16 Unauthorised land 96 107/1 Unauthorised land 97 107/2 Dry land 98 107/9 Dry land 41

99 107/10 Dry land 100 107/11 Dry land 101 107/12 Dry land 102 107/13 Dry land 103 107/16 Unauthorised land 104 107/17 Dry land 105 107/18 Dry land 106 107/19 Unauthorised land 107 107/20 Unauthorised land 108 107/21 Unauthorised land 109 20/1 Unauthorised land 110 20/2 Unauthorised land 111 20/3 Unauthorised land 112 21/2 Dry land 113 21/3 Dry land 114 21/13 Dry land

4.4. Present Use of any Public, Utilized land in the Vicinity of the Project Area: Any of the public utilised land is not identified in the project area. 4.5.Land Already Purchased (if any), Alienated, Leased or Acquired, and the intended Use for Each Plot of Land: No land is already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired for the project. The whole land to be acquired is proposed to use for the reconstruction of District Court bridge. It is proposed to build a new bridge having rotary exchange at centre and having a set of underpass and ramp road and flyovers on either side of the canal. A music fountain is suggested on the centre of the rotary. Pedestrian footpaths are provided on the rotary junction ramp road and underpass. On Mullakkal side, it is proposed to provide a box type structure of size 5.8 m X 5.2 m under the ramp road for rehabilitating the existing shops at Mullakkal side. 4.6. Quantity and Location of Land Proposed to be acquired for the Project: As per the Notification No.G1-19827/2018 dated 10th December 2019 of the Alappuzha District Collector published in Kerala Gazatte dated 27th January 2020 the proposed project requires 01.13.133 hectors land in total. These land 42

belong to 114 survey numbers of Mullakkara village in AmbalapuzhaTaluk in Alapuzha district. The area belongs to 14th and 15th divisions of Alapuzha Municipality. 4.7. Nature and Present use and classification of Land and if Agricultural Land, Irrigation Coverage and Cropping Patterns:

The land to be acquired for the project belongs to 114 survey numbers of Mullakkara village in AmbalapuzhaTauk, Alappuzha district. The land in 21 survey numbers are categorised as “unauthorised land” in Revenue records and all other land as “Dry land”. The project area is a business centre in Alapuzha district and majority of the land is using for business need. Further the properties of an educational institution, public service centres and a civil organisation are included in acquisition.

Figure 4.7.1. Type of the Land to be Acquired

Unauthorised land

Dry land

0 20 40 60 80 100

Series2 Series1

The Figure 4.71. depicts that the 81.58% of the land to be acquired belongs to “dryland” and 18.42% belongs to “unauthorised land”.

Figure 4.7.2 : Present Use of the Land to be Acquired

120

100

0 Commercial Educational Others

Series1 Series2

Out of the 49 land owners identified by the SIA study team 44 owners (95.9%) are using the land for business purpose, 1 owner is using for educational purpose and remaining 1 is non residential house.

4.8. Size of Holding, Ownership Pattern, Land Distributions and Number of Residential Houses Majority of the project land consists of shops. SIA study team could identiy 49 land owners. The approximate size of land holding of each owner as per the information received from the survey is depicted in the figure below. Fiure 4.8.1: Extent of the land possessed by the Land Owners

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Series1 Series2

8 families possess between ½ cent and 3 cent and other 8 families possess between 3-5 cents of land. Between 5-10 cents of land possess by 3 families. 2 families have land in between 10-15 cents. 4 families have land between 16-20 cents. 1 land owner has 6 acre 48 cents of land. The said information was not revealed by 23 land owners.

4.9. Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the last 3 years As per the data received through the survey, out of the 49 land owners except 4 no transaction has been done in their property since the last 3 years. It is revealed in the survey that the land in survey No.36-2/1B2 owned by Mrs.ZeenathSalim is bought 3 months before. The land in survey No.24-1/113 owned by Mr.MuhammedRafeekwas bought in 2017. The land in survey number 2/1A2 owned by Mr.Subash and survey number 813/18-1 owned by Mr.Chandrasekharan are mortgaged in bank. Out of the 49 land owners 44 owners (95.9%) are using the land for business purpose, 1 owner is using for educational purpose and remaining 1 is non residential house.

CHAPTER 5 ESTIMATION AND ENUMERATION (WHERE REQUIRED) OF AFFECTED FAMILIES AND ASSETS

This chapter comprises of the details of the families that are directly and indirectly affected by the land acquisition for the reconstruction of District Court Bridge, Alapuzhaand the extent of impact.

5.1 Estimation of Families 5.1.1. Families which are directly affected (own land that is porposed to be acquired) The owners of the land and properties affected because of the project are the directly affected people of the project. Social Impact Assessment unit could identify such 49 land owners. The names and details of that project affected land owners are given below: Table 5.1.1. Name and Details of the Land Owners Sl.No. Name and address 1 Rajeev Thaiveedu Asramam ward Avaloorkunnu.p.o Alapuzha 2 Marykutty James Kavalam House Thathampilly Alapuzha 3 P.C.Roy Palackal House Poothop Rod Alapuzha 4 C.N.krishnan Devanganam House Thondakulagara Alapuzha 5 SheelaShanavas SanjuNivas (House) Alapuzha 6 Navas 46

NavasMandiram Sanadhana ward Alapuzha 7 Tensing ManjulaBhavan Thondankulangara Avalokunnu.p.o Alapuzha 8 Renuka Prasadam House Thathampilly 9. K.Udayakumar Vrindavanam West to Kappil Junction Thathampilli.P.O Alapuzha 10 Ambily Udayam House Mullakkal.P.O Alapuzha 11 Ramachandran pillai Sreelakshmi house Thondamkulangara Avalokunnu.p.o Alapuzha 12 K.V.Krishnadas Kottaramveedu Pothujana road Kumarapuram Medical College.P.O. Thiruvananthapuram 13 Dr.T.A.Antony St.Antony’s Shrine Kattoor Kalavoor 14 ZeenathSalim SiyadManzil Velliyamparamb Thathampilly.P.O. Alapuzha 15 SiyadSalim SiyadManzil Velliyamparamb Thathampilly.P.O. Alapuzha 16 Adv: Ram Das etc. 47

(Details not available) 17 Scaria Antony Puthenpurackal House Ashramam Ward Avalokunnu.P.O. Alapuzha 18 MuhammedSherif Mullathvalappu House Iravukode ward Thiruvampady Alapuzha 19 MuhammedRafeek NavasManzil Kadavathussery Thiruvampady.P.O. Alapuzha 20 Michael Thomas Kidaparambil House Thathampilly Alapuzha 21 Mehaboob Palayathuparambil District Court Ward Alapuzha 22 S.I. BarakathMuhammed Thaiparambil House Vellakinar Junction Alapuzha 23 Sanadhana Dharma Vidyasala Trust Alapuzha 24 Subhash Panavelikandathil House Sanathanam Ward Alapuzha 25 Ravikumar Ambazhavelil House Avoor South Keerikkad Kayamkulam 26 Himalaya Bakery (Details not available) 27 Janardhanan Pillai (Details not available) 28 Chandrasekharan Soubhagya House Avalokunnu.P.O 48

Alapuzha 29 Kavitha&Kalpana (Details not available) 30 AnwarHussain Poovathinkal South Aryad Avalookunnu.P.O. 31 Prathipal Pulimoottil House Alapuzha 32 Jose AlukkasJewellery Alapuzha 33 Althaf Tower (Details not available) 34 Abdul Nazar Kakkanatveliyil House Karukayil Ward Thathampilly.P.O Alapuzha 35 FathimaKhabeer Reemmansion House Thathampilly.P.O. Alapuzha 36 G.Ramachandran Pillai Sreelakshmi Thondankulangara Avalokunnu.P.O Alapuzha 37 Viswananthan (Address not available) 38 Jose Akkarakalam Mullackal Alapuzha 39 Shoukath ShadinaManzil Thathampilli.P.O Alapuzha 40 MuhammedAsharaf KarakamadDesham ChavakkadKadapuram 41 NisaAsharaf KarakamadDesham ChavakkadKadapuram 42 Noushad MuhsinaMansil 49

Ashramam Ward Alapuzha 43 ShakeerHussain BaithulHussain LKarukayil Ward Alapuzha 44 Abdul Khafer khan BusharaMansil Karukayil Ward Thathampilli 45 Unais BusharaMansil Karukayil Ward Thathampilli 46 Muhammed Rasheed KarakamadDesham ChavakkadKadappuram 47 AbinMajeed KarakamadDesham ChavakkadKadappuram 48 Rashimon BusharaMansil Karukayil Ward Thathampilli 49 Abdul Nazar Darul Salam House Power House Ward Alapuzha

5.2. Family of Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers who have lost any of their Forest Rights: The proposed land is not belonging to forest area.

5.3. Families which depend on Common Property Resources which will be affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood Common property resources are not being affected due to the project.

5.4. Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes No land assigned by the Government in the project affected area

5.5. Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for proceeding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land No families are residing in the project area 5.6. Families which have been depended on the land being acquired as a primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition. Since the project area is a business centre in Alappuzha town the livelihood of many people depend on this land such as Land owners doing business in the area, tenant business men, the business men in unauthorised land including Kiosksrunning in Municipality land. Social Impact Assessment Study team could identify such 27 land owners, 56 businessmen such as tenants and those who are running shops in unauthorised land including kiosks running in Municipality land. And could also identify 146 employees who have been working in the affected shops for more than 3 years. It is understood that the livelihood of the people afore mentioned will lose due to the project. 5.6.1. Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by the acquisition of own lands) The individuals who are working in the affected area for more than 3 years such as tenant businessmen, those who are running shops in the unauthorised land including kiosks in the Municipality land and the workers in the affected shops should be considered as indirectly impacted persons of the project. During the suvey those who are functioning in the kiosks revealed that the construction of shops was done by them. The details of those who are participated in the survey ie 56 persons running shops in the unauthorised land including kiosks and 146 workers in the affected shops are showing in Table 5.6.1.1. and in Table 5.6.1.2. respectively.

Table 5.6.1.1. : The Tenants who work in the Project area for more than 3 years Sl.No. Name of the Tenant Name of the shop 1 Shameer.K Blue Bay Men’s shop 2 T.V. Anilkumar Nagarjuna Medical shop 3 Shafeek Hameed jewelry 51

4 V.Bhagyarajan SreeBhagyalakshmi lottery 5 S.Prince Ashoka Bakery 6 Anas Alappey Fast food 7 Sajeev P & S Fruits 8 T.N.Binu Thaff Hotel 9 Habeeb Bismi Gold Covering 10 Sadhik Freedom Men’s Wear 11 Thankamma.K. Jayakumar Lottery centre 12 Suneer.K. Rigal Kids Wear 13 Anirudhan AppasLabhakada 14 Abdul Majid Fruit stall 15 Lathif 16 Abdul Salam Fruit/juice shop 17 Husain 18 Dineshan Bhavana Trending Pvt.Ltd. 19 Abdul Azeez K.M.Stores 20 Thanzeer Doctor’s Medicals 21 Nazar N.R.P.Vegetable shop 22 Seenath S&S Milma cool bar 23 A.N.Naseer Haseena Restaurant 24 Sasidharan Pillai Santhigiri Ayurveda shop 25 Niyas Fruit stall 26 M.T.Joseph M.T.A.Vegetables 27 Kora Mathew Stationery shop, Soundarya Traders 28 Munsir A one tea shop 29 Thomas Style Textiles 30 N.S.Rajan Pillai Lakshmi Lodger 31 Shihab Royal Nighty &Baniyans 32 Muhammed S.S.LuckyCenre 33 Shivakumar Ananthabhavan Hotel 34 Madhu Mellow Hair Dress 35 Padmanabhan Mobile Square 36 TeenaTomy Pulikattil Timbers 37 Vijumon Maveli Lucky Centre 38 Sivalal Ambadi Hotel 39 Antony Wow collections 40 Sajeer S.K.Egg merchant 41 C.S.Jaffer Mylanchi Readymade 42 NizarKochuveliyil Petty shop in unauthorized land 43 RafeeK.K. Kiosk No.2 44 Abdulla.U. Kiosk No.5 45 Hashim Kiosk No.3 46 Ansan Antony Kiosk No.4 47 SujaBijuPonnooran Kiosk No.7 52

48 CicilyYesudas Kiosk No.10 49 Hameed Petty shop in unauthorized land KhasimRauther 50 RajuSathar Haseena Restaurant 51 Mohanachandran Kiosk No.1 Nair 52 Jaxon Lottery shop 53 SubaidhaKhasim Fast Food 54 Vijayakumar.N Lottery shop 55 Rajith Manchady Baby shop 56 Ouseph.T Thattukada

Table 5.6.1.2.Labours work in the Affected Shops for more than 3 years Name of the shop No.of staff working for more than 3 years Blue Bay Men’s shop 3 Nagarjuna Medical shop 3 Hameed jewelry 3 Ashoka Bakery 6 Alappey Fast food 6 Thaff Hotel 24 Bismi Gold Covering 1 Freedom Men’s Wear 8 Jayakumar Lottery centre 4 Rigal Kids Wear 3 AppasLabhakada 4 Bhavana Trending Pvt.Ltd. 3 K.M.Stores 1 Doctor’s Medicals 3 N.R.P.Vegetable shop 7 Haseena Restaurant 3 Santhigiri Ayurveda shop 1 Abdul MajeedFruit stall 2 M.J.A.Vegetables 3 Pradeep Footwear 1 Joly Textiles 5 Seema Footwear 4 Chaya club 4 Manjula Bakery 6 Pioneer Bakery 2 Safayar Gold Covering 2 Supreme Medicals 1 Mailanchi Fashions 2 AnandBhavan 8 53

S.K.Egg 1 Royal Nighties 8 Bakery, Kiosk No.2 4 Simla Fashions, Kiosk No.3 1 Haseena Restaurant 3 Kiosk No.1 1 Lottery shop (Jackson) 2 Fast Food (SubaidhaKhasim) 3

5.6.2. Inventory of productive assets and significant lands The project area is a business centre. No trees are project affected except the 2 coconut trees in the land owned by Sanathana Dharma Vidhyasala Trust. Land and a portion of the compound walls of KrishiBhavan, Vetenary Hospital and Chethuthozhilali Union Office will be affected due to the project. Besides the project also will be affected the Besant Hall comprises of 8 class rooms and a toilet block of S.D.school under Sanathana Dharma Vidhyasala Trust. Besant Hall of S.D.School was inaugurated by Smt.AnnieBesant , a British Social Reformist and the 1st women president of Indian National Congress.

CHAPTER 6

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL PROFILE

This chapter contains information about the socio-economic and cultural aspects of the affected families. It includes the demographic details, economic status, vulnerability among the affected families, local economic activities in the area, enumeration of the livelihoods of affected families, socialization pattern of the project affected persons, and other related information.

Social Impact Assessment Unit could identify 49 land owners (48 families and 1 educational institution) through the survey conducted in the affected area. The SIA unit collected socio-economic details from 42families through survey and theinformation was not received from 6 families. Besides the unit surveyed 56 tenant businessmen working in the project area for more than 3 years. This chapter analyse the socio-economic background of the 98 families of the land owners and tenant businessmen participated in the survey.

6.1. Demographic Details of the Population in the Project Area

The land to be acquired for reconstruction of Alappuzha Zilla Court bridge is not a residential area. It is a business centre in Alappuzha town. The gender category of the members of the 98 owner and tenant families surveyed is depicted in the figure below.

Figure 6.1.1 Sex of the Project Affected Family Members

46% 54% Male Female

While analysing the demographic details of the surveyed project affected owner/tenant families, it is illustrated in the figure 6.1.1. that out of the total 404 population 219 (54%) are females and 185 (46%) are males.

Figure 6.1.2. Age of the Project Affected Family Members

120

100

0 0-18 19-35 36-45 46-59 60 and above

Out of the total 404 population of the project affected families 91 are in the age group of 0-18, 111 are in the age group of 19-35, 50 are in the age group of 36-45. 56

There are 59 members in the age group of 46-59. 93 members of the project affected families are above 60 years of age.

Table 6.1.1. Religion of the Project Affected Families

Religion Number of Families Percentage Christian 18 18.4 Hindu 30 30.6 Muslim 50 51.0 Total 98 100

Table 6.1.1. describes about the religion of the affected families. Out of the 98 families surveyed 18 families (18.4%) belong to Christian religion and 30 families (30.6%) belong to Hindu religion. Majority of the affected families ie 50 (51%) follow Muslim religion.

Figure 6.1.3. Social Group of the Project Affected Families

39% OBC General 61%

Figure 6.1.3. shows that 39% of the affected families belong to general category while 61% families belong to Other Backward Community.

6.2. Income and Poverty Level of the Affected Families :

As per the Public Distribution System 27 families possess white ration card, 34 families possess blue ration card and 10 families have pink ration card. The said information was not received from 27 families.

Monthly Income of Affected Families

Regarding the monthly income of the families it is reported that 24 affected families earn between Rs.10,000/- and Rs.20000/-, 13 families earn between Rs.21,000/- and Rs.30,000/- and 15 families earn between Rs.31,000/- and Rs.50,000/-. 11 families shared that they have a monthly income between Rs.50,001/- and Rs.75,000/-, 6 families have an income between Rs.1 lakh and Rs.1.5 lakh. There is a family earns Rs.2 lakh per month. Remaining 28 families were not revealed the said information.

Out of the 404 population of the affected families 125 are earning members and 279 are dependants.

Figure 6.2.1. Primary Livelihood of the Project Affected Families

2% 12%

7% Business Rent Business & rent Others 79%

During the survey 77 affected families (79%) revealed that business is their primary livelihood. 7 families (7%) shared that the rent of the affected shops is 58

their primary income. The profit from the business and rent of the affected shops are the primary income of 12 families (12%). Only 2 families (2%) depend on other means rather than business and rent. 6.3. Vulnerable Group Among the affected population there are 91 children below 18 years and 93 elders above 60 years of age who would be considered as vulnerable. 18 of the elderly population are widows.

6.4. Land Use and Livelihood

Out of the 49 land owners found out by the SIA unit, majority of the land owners ie 47 (95.9%) are using the land for business purpose and 1 is using for educational purpose. The remaining 1 is a house where nobody is residing. Present use of land is diagrammatised in Figure 4.7.2 of Chapter 4.

Out of the 98 families surveyed all families except 2 have been depending on the affected land for their livelihood. As depicted in Figure 6.2.1. the business in the affected area is the livelihood of 79% families. 7% of the affected families revealed that their main income is the rent of the affected shops. And 12% of the families exposed that their family depend on the business and rent from the affected shops for their livelihood.

6.5. Local Economic Activities The land to be acquired for the proposed project is a business centre in Alapuzha town and majority of the affected land owners are running business here. Besides lot of tenants are doing business here. Alappuzha district is well known for tourism. The tourists like to have boating in Alappuzha which consists of rivers, lakes, sea and also Kuttanad, a village known as rice bowl of Kuttanad. So the economic activities of the region is well influenced by tourism. 6.6. Factors that Contribute to Local Livelihood Fishing, Coir making and production of coconut oil was the main livelihood of the region once. But now majority of the people find out their livelihood with activities related to tourism. There are many shops in the area of the District 59

Court Bridge proposed to be reconstructed and most of the affected families are depending on these shops for their livelihood. Tourism is having a good influence on the functioning of these shops too.

6.7. Kinship Patterns and Social and Cultural Organisation

Majority of the affected families are nuclear families even if there are few joint families. S.D.V. school and Central School are located in the affected area and the properties of S.D.V.School are affected due to the project. A temple and a masjid are located in the vicinity of the project area.

6.8. Administrative Organisation The project area belongs to Divisions 14 and 15 of Alappuzha Municipality. Some of the unauthorised land belongs to Alappuzha Municipality is included in the proposed land acquisition. Besides the land and a part of the compound walls of the government offices such as Krishibhavan and Vetenary Hospital will also be affected by the project.

6.9. Political Organisation:

None of the political originations are being affected by the project.

6.10. Community Based Civil Society Organisation: Land and a part of the compound wall of Chethuthozhilali Union office are included in the land acquisition. 6.11. Regional Dynamics &Historical Change Process: The Lord Kherson called Alappuzha as “Venice of the East” which comprises of sea, port, bridges and rivers. The History reveals that Alappuzha has trade relations with Ancient Greece and Rome from the middle age onwards. Alappuzha district came in to exist on 17th August 1957. Kuttanad, a place nicknamed as rice bowl of Kerala is well known for paddy, coconut and aqua culture. Alapuzha is a place which given birth to many political organisations and was a venue for labour strikes like Punnapra-Vayalar strike.

Alappuzha district has been attracted by the tourists from ancient period onwards. Fishing, Coir making and production of coconut oil was the main livelihood of the region once. But now majority of the people find out their livelihood with activities related to tourism. Approximately 1000 house boats are functioning for tourism in the region.

The inadequate width of the existing roads and bridges in Alappuzha width which hinder the ceaseless mobilityof vehicles. The proposed reconstruction is recommended as a solution for the traffic block experiencing in the District Court Bridge locates in the road which connects National Highway 66 and Alappuzha- Madurai National Highway. While reconstructing the District Court Bridge with sufficient modern facilities it is expected to smoothen the mobility of the public and may also lead to the entire development of the region by improving business and tourism

6.12. Quality of the Living Environment:

Since the project area is a township the people have access to the basic facilities. The services like education, health etc. are also available to the public. However, the inconsistent roads with more number of bridges, Alappuzha faces traffic block. Hence it is expected that the reconstruction of District Court bridge with sufficient facilities may leads to the entire development of the region and enhancement of the living standard of the public.

CHAPTER 7 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 Approaches to Mitigation To assess the mitigation, the expert research team of SIA Unit has adopted an approach that is spanned in four phases. In the first phase, a physical observation of the area was held and conducted a pilot study to understand major risks and opportunities involved with the project. Later the affected families was surveyed by using a structured questionnaire and collected details on the socio-economic background of the families dynamics of risks of each affected families is collected. To understand generic and common risks involved with the project, in-depth interviews were held with selected key persons and stakeholders of the project. As the 4th stage a Public Hearing was held at SanathanaVidhyalayaCentinery Hall, Alappuzha on 20.02.2020, Thursday on 11 am. It was a venue for the affected people to share their anxieties and doubts on the project and land acquisition. The officials representing the requiring body and land acquisition office were present there. A draft report prepared by the SIA unit based on the scientific analysis of the data collected through survey and interview was presented on the Public Hearing. The project affected families and requiring body got opportunity to give suggestions on the report. 7.2 Measures to avoid mitigate and compensate impact The area proposed to be acquired for the reconstruction of the District Court Bridge, Alappuzha is a business centre in Alappuzha town. No residence is there in the affected area except a house where nobody is staying. So nobody’s residence is being affected due to the project. However, since the area consists of full of shops, the project may adversely affect the livelihood of the businessmenincluding owners and tenants and the labours working in the affected shops. Besides the properties of 1 educational institution, 2 government institutions and 1 civil organisation will also be affected. Henceforth to mitigate the impacts of the projects it is suggested to take the following measures. 62

 Compensation should be provided to the land owners as per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 &KeralaRight to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilatation and Resettlement Rules 2015.

 The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package shall be provided to the affected families as per the Policies issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(MS)No.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015 and vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013

 Ensure that the functioning of the shops which are not included or partially included in the acquisition is not hindering during the project construction period. Otherwise consider for compensation for the affected livelihood during the period.

 Consider favourably the request of the affected people to do the rehabilitation of the shops before the implementation of the project, without losing their daily income since majority of the project affected are shops which are the livelihood of families.

 Make possible changes in the project alignment considering the anxiety that the business of the shops locate in the north east side of the District Court bridge may adversely affect while it becomes under the bridge as per the present alignment or consider other resolving measures.

 As of the shops in Mullackal side, the rehabilitation of the shops near the District Court Bridge also include in the project design, if possible or consider other resolving measures.

 Ensure the resettlement of the class rooms and toilet block of the school without affecting the educational activities. 63

 Consider those who are doing business in the unauthorized land for more than 3 years for compensation if they have sufficient documents .

 During the project construction period the unhindered mobility of the people and proper waste management should be ensured.

7.3. Measures that are included in the terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policies issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(MS)No.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015 and G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCT in LAR&R Act 2013

7.4. Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the Project Proposal It is estimated in the Detailed Project Report Rs.22,50,00,000/- as the cost of land acquisition. For reconstruction, it is proposed to build a new bridge having rotary exchange at centre and having a set of underpass and ramp road and flyovers on either side of the canal. A music fountain is suggested on the centre of the rotary. Pedestrian footpaths are provided on the rotary junction ramp road and underpass. It is proposed to provide Z type sheet pile on either side of the canal bank for a length of 600 m for protecting the canal bank. On the Mullakkal side, it is proposed to provide a box type structure of size 5.8 m X 5.2 m under the ramp road for rehabilitating the existing shops at Mullakkal side. The resettlement of the existing boat jetty is also proposed.

7.5. Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during the Social Impact Assessment process During the Public Hearing the affected families raised an anxiety that the business of the shops of north east side of the District Court Bridge may 64

adversely affect when that shops becomes under the bridge as per the project alignment. Since the anxiety is about the livelihood of families it should consider possible changes in the alignment or other resolving measures. Besides the request to exclude the Besant Hall of S.D.V.School to be considered if possible because the local people see it as a historical monument.

7.6. Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy

To mitigate the social impact of the proposed land acquisition, R&R package should be provided to the families as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCT LAR&R Act 2013 by strictly following the time plan and procedures stated in the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015 Table 7.6.1 Social Impact Management Plan

Sl.No. Social Impact Impact Management Time Frame 1 Loss of land Compensation as per the 1st Time frame as schedule of RFCTLARR Act per the 2013 KeralaRight to 2 Loss of assets Compensation as per the 1st Fair attached to the schedule of RFCTLARR Act Compensation land 2013 and 3 Loss of Choice of Annuity or Transparency in livelihood/income /Subsistence grant as per the Land 2nd schedule of RFCTLARR Acquisition, Act 2013 Rehabilatation 4 Eviction of shops Compensation as per the 1st and schedule of RFCTLARR Act Resettlement 2013 & R&R package as per Rules 2015. 65

the 2nd schedule of RFCTLARR Act 2013 5 Traffic Plan and implement safety block/public measures and develop plan mobility of action for the undisrupted hindering and transportation/movement of waste formation people and to dispose during construction wastages construction period

The measures suggested above in 7.2. should also be considered to mitigate the social impact of the proposed land acquisition

7.7. The Social Impact Management Plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body

Not Applicable

CHAPTER 8

SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each mitigation measures RFCT in LAR&R Act, 2013 defines the Administrator appointed by the State Government would be the person responsible for Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme for affected families of Land Acquisition. Subject to the superintendence/ directions / control of the appropriate Government and the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement, the formulation, execution and monitoring of the Rehabilitation & Resettlement Scheme shall vest with the Administrator. In the proposed and acquisition for the Reconstruction of the District Court Bridge in Alappuzha, the major mitigation measures from the acquisition can be handled by providing the appropriate compensation under the RFCTLAR&R Act, 2013.

As per G.O. (Ms) No.485/2015/RD, dated 23/09/2015, The Kerala State Policy for Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, the District Level Fair Compensation, Resettlement and Resettlement Committee comprising :  District Collector, Administrator for resettlement and rehabilitation,  Land Acquisition officer,  Finance Officer,  Representatives of the requiring body to take financial decisions on its behalf.  Representatives of Local Self Government Institution to monitor the Rehabilitation Action Plan. 67

8.2 Specify the Role of Non Governmental Organization, if any Not applicable

8.3 Indicate Capacities Required and Capacity Building Plan, Including Technical Assistance, if any Not applicable

8.4 Timelines for Each Activity Timeline will be finalized as per the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015

CHAPTER 9 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT BUDGET AND FINANCING OF MITIGATION PLAN

9.1. Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs In the Detailed Project Report of the Reconstruction of District Court bridge, Alappuzha Rs.22,50,00,000/- is estimated as the cost for land acquisition.

9.2. Annual budget and plan of action Not Applicable

9.3. Funding sources with breakup Not Applicable

CHAPTER 10 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION

10.1 Key Monitoring and Evaluative Indicators  Fair compensation  Resettlement procedures on time without affecting the livelihood of families  Speedy procedures and disbursement of compensation  Time bound clearance of construction waste from the site

10.2 Reporting Mechanisms and Monitoring Roles Reporting mechanism and monitoring roles are as per the Kerala State RFCTLARR Rule 2015 and State Policy issued by the Revenue (B) department as G.O.(MS)No.485/2015 RD dated 23/09/2015

10.3 Plan of Independent Evaluation Not Applicable

CHAPTER 11 ANALYSIS OF COSTS AND BENEFITS AND RECOMMENDATION ON ACQUISITION 11.1 Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing alternatives, minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity of social impacts, and viable mitigation measures will address costs

Proposed project is the Reconstruction of the District Court Bridge with sufficient facilities which was constructed 50 years before and located in National Highway 66 in Alapuzha. Presently the superstructure and substructure of it are in a worst condition. Currently this bridge is having a span of 33 m and width of 7.5 m. Six roads are merging on the two approaches of the bridge and due to the narrow width of the bridge, usually heavy traffic congestions are occurring at peak timings. Some times 20-30 minutes requires to cross a stretch of 1 km near the bridge vicinity. There are 8 State high ways in Alappuzha district, of which 3 of them originates from Alapuzha town. State High Way 11 also known as AC road (Alapuzha-Changanassery road) covers a distance of 24.2 k.m is an important road which connects Alappuzha town with Kottayam district. State Highway 40 is an interstate highway which connects Alapuzha town with Madurai and Tamil Nadu. State Highway 66 originates from Alapuzha town and terminates at Thoppumpady. So the congestion in the District Court Bridge affects the smooth traffic on these Highways directly and indirectly.

The 1.33 Ares land which was notified by the Government as may be required for the Reconstruction of District Court Bridge, Alappuzha belongs to Mullakkal village. The area is a business centre in Alappuzha town. So no residences are affected because of the project except 1 house where nobody reside. However since the area is congested with shops the project may adversely affect the livelihood of more people like owners and tenants run shops, those who does 71

business in kiosks in unauthorised land and also the labours of the affected shop. Besides the properties of 1 educational institution, 2 government offices and 1 civil society organisation are included in acquisition as per the present alignment.

With the reconstruction of the bridge it is expected to reduce the traffic delay existing now at Savakotta junction to a greater extend. The proposed bridge is a connection between Ambalapuzha and Changanassery which is a famous trade centre in Alappuzha district. If the bridge is expanded the access to Changanassery, and to different educational, religious institutions and to various tourist centres in Alapuzha district will be easier. Besides the foot path proposed to be constructed can be used for tourism since the bridge is located in the heart of the city of Alapuzha. While analyzing the impact of the project it is understood that the adverse impacts of the project will overwhelm with the positive impacts. The project may adversely affects the livelihood of many but after the implementation it may lead to economic development of the area including the project affected people. Measures are included in the project alignment for the rehabilitation of the shops to be evicted from Mullackal side. However the impacts of the project can be mitigated by providing compensation, Rehabilitation and Resettlement as per RFCTLARR Act 2013 to the affected shop owners and labours considering their loss of livelihood. And the loss of income of the shops which are not included or partially included in acquisition also to be considered for mitigation. 11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or not.

Based on the analysis and assessment of the positive and negative impacts of the land acquisition for the Reconstruction of District Court bridge, Alappuzha, it is understood that the project is expected to improve quality of living in the region especially in case of transportation and the same is empathized by many of the affected persons despite the adverse impact the project brings. Hence the SIA Team recommends the project of Land Acquisition for the Reconstruction of 72

District Court Bridge, Alapuzha, to be implemented with the existing land acquisition plans. The following measures are recommended to mitigate the impact

 Compensation should be provided to the land owners as per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilatation and Resettlement Act 2013 &KeralaRight to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilatation and Resettlement Rules 2015.  The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package shall be provided to the affected families as per the Policies issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(MS)No.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015 and vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013  Ensure that the functioning of the shops which are not included or partially included in the acquisition is not hindering during the project construction period. Otherwise consider for compensation for the affected livelihood during the construction period.  Consider favourably the request of the affected people to do the rehabilitation of the shops before the implementation of the project, without losing their daily income since majority of the project affected are shops which are the livelihood of families.  Make possible changes in the project alignment considering the anxiety that the business of the shops locate in the north east side of the District Court bridge may adversely affect while it becomes under the bridge as per the present alignment or consider other possible resolving measures. 73

 As of the shops in Mullackal side the rehabilitation of the shops near the District Bridge also include in the project design, if possible or consider other possible resolving measures.  Ensure the resettlement of the class rooms and toilet block of the S.D. school without affecting the educational activities.  Consider those who are doing business in the unauthorized land for more than 3 years for compensation if they have sufficient documents .  During the project construction period the unhindered mobility of the people and proper waste management should be ensured.

References

1. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013

2. Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilatation and Resettlement Rules 2015.

3. Kerala State Policy issued by Revenue (B) department G.O.(MS)No. 485/2015/RD dated 23.09.2015 for fair compensation and transparency

4. Kerala State Policy for Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package for acquisition of Land in the State in lieu of RCFTLAAR Act, 2013 G.O. (Ms) No. 448/2017/RD dated 20/12/2017

5. The Detailed Project Report and other related information received from Kerala PWD (Roads and Bridges) Alappuzha

Annexure falls in the appendix pages.