The Chautauqua Reader NORTH PLATTE, NEBRASKA ★ ★ ★ JUNE 8-12, 2016 ★ ★ ★ xSPECIAL EDITIONx WORLD WAR ONE: LINCOLN COUNTY RALLIES THROUGH HARD TIMES By Jim Griffin, Chautauqua Co-Chair Lincoln County Historical Museum For nearly three years nies of ten workers each to the United States held to man the canteen. the policy of neutrality In addition, every ef- as the world ripped itself fort was made to get all apart in “the Great War”. Lincoln County residents However, German sab- involved. Though their otage, unrestricted sub- work in agriculture and marine warfare, the sink- railroading was a major ing of the British ship war effort residents wanted Lusitania with Americans something more and that on board, and the Zim- manifested itself in war merman Telegram forced gardens, a Home Guards President Woodrow Wil- unit, and Liberty Loan son to ask for a declaration drives. of war. Congress agreed War gardens eased the food short- age and gave many ordinary persons a tangible way to con- tribute. As The original North Platte Canteen served more than 100,000 World War I servicemen. an extra incentive, Canteen Record Officials were ready. came to Lincoln County in September 1919, having a local con- While citizens grew Dr. Redfield, head of the the middle of the night. served 113,190 troops. test for the gardens and bought bonds, local health board, shut By 4:30 a.m. Arthur The legacy of the seven- best garden the Canteen continued to down all indoor meet- Hoagland, using 40 pounds ty-two women who served was orga- grow, serving thousands ings including schools of dynamite, woke the in the Canteen and the and churches during each whole town with a cele- countless donations by A political cartoon depicted the United States’ nized. The of soldiers each month. - bratory explosion in the Lincoln County citizens outrage at the the sinking of the Lusitania. first prize The need for larger fa- flare up. The Red Cross re winner was cilities led the railroad to sponded with an emergen- city park. Thus informed, eventually served as the and on April 6, 1917 the given a silver cup. give the entire dispatch- cy hospital. The Canteen the town went wild. The seed for the greatest vol- United States entered the er’s building to the ladies. supplied food to both the boys would be coming unteer effort of World War war against the Germans. “Let No Man Escape!” With the help of local con- hospital and to people too home soon. Two, the famous North In Lincoln County, The formation of the tractors, they converted sick to cook. By January, a welcome Platte Canteen. citizens rallied to the Home Guards was nom- the old roundhouse into a Because of these efforts home arch at the north World War One cause in many ways and inally for defense but in shower facility for travel- the epidemic was checked end of Dewey Street wel- became a turning point for through them the char- reality they mostly helped ling soldiers. and less than 60 people comed returning soldiers. the United States. Though acter of the people came with the Liberty Loan The Canteen even set a died over the fall, winter, It had the name of every it embraced isolationism forward: generous, caring, drives the U. S. govern- record by serving 120 men and spring of 1918-1919. soldier serving from Lin- after the war, the world coln County on it and was now wanted American zealous, and hardworking. ment issued. in just 12 minutes. And, Armistice At Last In a word, American. Once the number of true to the area’s patrio- crowned by the “Monarch products and money. The bonds was set for the tism, all the supplies need- News of the Armistice of the Plains”, the bison. “Roaring Twenties” were Doing Their Part county, each citizen was ed for this traffic were met (November 11, 1918) The Canteen closed in about to begin. Like the rest of the expected to purchase their by generous donations in- country, Lincoln County share of bonds. If they did cluding watermelons and was ready to do their part not the loan committee turkeys from two farmers. in the war effort. On April visited them. Thanksgiving and 19, 1917, the women of If bonds were still not Christmas stood out at the North Platte organized a purchased, the offender’s Canteen. The rooms were Red Cross chapter and be- name was printed in the decorated and turkey, pies, gin making bandages and newspaper and the Guards and candy were given to creating care packages. visited them. The Guards every soldier. These ef- By the summer, local ensured the purchase even forts inevitably led to let- Red Cross members Mrs. if it meant parading the ters of thanks and knowl- Charles Bogue and Mrs. person in front of the lo- edge of the Canteen spread Hosler organized a canteen cal judge who ordered the throughout the Army and for troops passing through bonds bought and required Navy until it was known North Platte. Situated in a declaration of allegiance nationwide. the old dispatcher’s build- to the United States. They Epidemic in Check ing donated by the Union were true to their motto, Sadly, amidst all this ac- Pacific Railroad, three “Let no man escape!” As a rooms were converted into result, Lincoln County al- tivity the flu struck. It first a kitchen, serving room, ways went “Over the Top” appeared in North Platte in and hospital. Mrs. Bogue with their purchase of October 1918 and quickly claimed its first victim, a then organized seventy Liberty Loan bonds. The name of every Lincoln County man who served during World War One was inscribed Mrs. H. P. Hansen. women into seven compa- on a Welcome Home arch on the north end of Dewey Street. Making the World Safe for Democracy? INSIDE By Dr. Lloyd Ambrosius, University of Nebraska Emeritus Professor of History, with Kristi Hayek Carley Woodrow Wilson...... 3 “The Great War” as it Though thousands of empires, while others message, to “make the William Jennings Bryan...... 4 was called at the time had fresh American soldiers struggled to establish world safe for democracy.” Jane Addams...... 5 started in the summer of were arriving daily, World their national identities in That vision proved far W.E.B. Du Bois...... 6 1914 and not only contin- War I did not end until new states. The Great War easier for the president to Edith Wharton...... 7 ued horrifically for years, November 1918. Germany, continued to influence articulate in theory than but had also expanded exhausted and alone, gave domestic politics and to accomplish in practice. Workshop Previews...... 8 beyond Europe to become up after other Central international relations in The world was deeply History of Chautauqua in Nebraska...... 8 a true world war. Powers capitulated. the coming years. divided by competing Youth Chautauqua Camp...... 8 By April 1917, the U.S. The large-scale fighting ideologies and by imperial, North Platte: Centerpiece of America...... 9 Congress agreed with may have ceased that New World Order national, racial, ethnic, and Humanities Nebraska...... 9 President Woodrow Wil- November, but conflicts Wilson had hoped to economic interests. A new son that it was time for the continued in the postwar guide Europe and other democratic world order Schedule of Events...... 10 United States to enter into era. Various powers on nations into a new world would prove elusive after Letter from the Mayor...... 10 the war against Imperial the periphery sought to order. He wanted, as he the Great War. Support Our Contributors...... 10 Germany. preserve or extend their proclaimed in his war Continued on Page 2 PG 2 The Chautauqua Reader 2016

Making the World Safe for Democracy? Continued from page 1 THE CALL TO ARMS THAT CONTINUES TO SHAPE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Wilson’s own modern of nations, the League well as in travel and liberalism furnished the would replace the old cultural exchange. He ideological foundation for world order that relied wanted to guarantee free- his new foreign policy, on balances of power and dom of the seas and to which historians have military alliances. Each remove barriers to trade labeled as “liberal inter- of the League’s member and investment across nationalism,” or, “Wilso- nations could achieve na- borders. Wilson also called nianism”. He envisaged a tional security without for open diplomacy to new world order that em- having to maintain large make international trans- braced the fundamental armies or navies. actions more transparent. tenets of America’s own This kind of world order national identity. Self-Determination would facilitate the opera- A second tenet of tions of international cap- League of Nations Wilsonianism was the italism, just as Wilson’s Wilson hoped the Great notion of national self- New Freedom promoted it War would culminate in an determination, affirming at home. international community both state sovereignty and of liberal democracies democracy. Progressive History

with capitalist economies. Just as Americans had The final undergird- WIKIMEDIA COMMONS SOURCE: He saw nation-states as claimed this right during ing tenet of Wilsonianism Council of Four at the WWI Paris peace conference: U.K. Prime Minister David Lloyd George, the building blocks of this their revolution against was a belief in progressive Italian Premier Vittorio Orlando, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, U.S. President Woodrow new world order. the British Empire, some history. In Wilson’s view, Wilson. China, Germany and Russia protested these nations’ domination of the peace treaty. Pivotal was his idea for new nations would emerge world history revealed the League of Nations, from the dissolution of a progressive pattern of Ideological Framework government. The United as the framework for a postwar international the old Russian, German, development in all aspects Despite the resistance States, Great Britain, and freedom and democracy organization that would Austro-Hungarian, and of life as primitive peoples to this new world order France dominated the was typical among white preserve the peace by pre- Ottoman empires in Eu- moved toward greater from other nations that proceedings. Although Italy Americans in the 19th venting future aggression rope and the Middle East. maturity over time. Wilson encountered at the and Japan were present and early 20th centuries, across national borders. While proclaiming The idea of progress in peace conference, after the among the top five powers despite the long history Wilson gave top priority the idea of national self- human history seemed as war he continued to inter- at the peace conference, of slavery in the U.S., to the creation of this new determination as a uni- self-evident to Wilson as pret international relations their contributions were especially in the South. League at the Paris Peace versal principle, Wilson the theory of evolution in within the ideological minimal. China refused to Wilson’s vision did Conference of 1919. hesitated to promote it for science. Because the Unit- framework of American accept the treaty, departing not include more Amer- It promised what was all peoples throughout the ed States represented the exceptionalism. from Paris in protest. icans. He did not advo- later called collective world. He felt only nations pinnacle of progressive In September 1919, he cate granting the right Rejection at Home to vote to women. He security, one of the tenets that had achieved a mature historical development, it stated, “With every flash of Wilsonianism. As the level of political develop- furnished the best model of insight into the great At home, Wilson also had no qualms about ex- president conceived it, the ment could be entrusted to for other nations. politics of mankind, the experienced rejection. cluding African Amer- League would consist of govern themselves. Wilson espoused the nation that has that vision The Republican-controlled icans and other people democratic nation-states ideology of American ex- is elevated to a place of in- Senate refused to of color. International Trade Indeed, the Wilson ad- that joined together to ceptionalism, and believed fluence and power which it approve the peace trea- guarantee their mutual Wilson’s vision of a lib- that making the world cannot get by arms, which ty, especially the League ministration brought the defense against external eral democratic world order safe for democracy re- it cannot get by commercial Covenant, without attach- Jim Crow system of racial aggression, and thereby en- favored an “Open Door” quired the global triumph rivalry, which it can get by ing amendments. force international peace. in international com- of Wilsonianism. no other way than by that Wilson resist- As a global community merce and finance as Ironically, while he of- spiritual leadership which ed any changes fered the United States comes from a profound and went on a as the ideal model for the understanding of the prob- speaking tour of world, he avowed its own lems of humanity.” western states to uniqueness. As the global Wilson claimed to have win support for fulfillment of America’s offered that understanding the League, de- own providential history to the peacemakers at Paris fending it as the and destiny, Wilson said the and expected his fellow best way to end United States would help Americans to accept it as aggression and other nations achieve the well. He expected the U.S. contain the spread same blessings of liberty to support the Versailles of Bolshevism A 1919 cartoon lampooned Republican for themselves. Treaty with Germany, and into Europe. X Senators for failing to ratify the treaty. In 1917, he proclaimed especially the Covenant Wilson’s western SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS that, “We are saying to all that made the new League tour not only failed segregation, which south- mankind, ‘We did not set of Nations an integral part politically, it also led ern states had written into this Government up in of the peace settlement. to the collapse of his their constitutions, into order that we might have a Wilson’s providential health. On April 21, the federal government. selfish and separate liberty, mission to reform the world 1919, he suffered a stroke, The president encouraged for we are now ready to challenged his fellow which left him with southern appointees to his come to your assistance Americans to undertake limited capacity to fulfill cabinet to draw the color and fight out upon the field an unprecedented role in his presidential duties. line in their departments. of the world the cause of international affairs. But After adopting Repub- He wanted to expand free- human liberty.’” while he touted his vision lican reservations, the dom for white Americans, He continued, “Such a of a new world order, it Senate voted against the not equality for people of time has come, and in the was not reforming the treaty in November 1919 color. providence of God America world as he had promised. and again in March 1920. While seeking support of will once more have an Because the treaty lacked working-class Americans opportunity to show to the Forced Compromise a two-thirds majority the in the Democratic Party, A Russian political cartoon by Hinko Smerka depicts Vladimir world that she was born to At Paris foreign leaders United States declined to Wilson abhorred socialism Lenin’s response to Woodrow Wilson’s “New World Order.” serve mankind.” had resisted or rejected join the League of Nations. and hesitated to recognize SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Wilson’s ideas, forcing Wilsonianism was failing the rights of labor unions. him to compromise. The to furnish the foundation He sought primarily to real world did not match for a new world order. expand economic oppor- What to Expect at Chautauqua his vision of a community tunities for producers in Chautauqua audiences will gather historical figure would not have known. of nations based on mod- Freedom & Democracy industry and agriculture. under the big tent to enjoy entertainment Chautauqua begins Wednesday night ern liberalism. The Allies Wilson valued liberty His modern liberalism and first-person portrayals of important with scholars taking part in a “Meet the pursued their own national more than equality. He did not challenge the ex- characters during the World War I era. Chautauquans” event. interests, although they understood liberty in the isting gender, race, and There are four parts to each Nebraska President Woodrow Wilson (Paul agreed sufficiently to draft United States within the class divisions in the U.S. Chautauqua evening: Vickery) opens each evening presentation the Versailles Treaty. framework of law under His vision of American 1. Entertainment by a musical or and serves as moderator. Thursday will Germany challenged the Constitution. democracy and capitalism theatrical performer. feature politician William Jennings Bryan the peace settlement in a For Wilson, as for most focused on the rights of (Ted Kachel). Friday evening, the Youth 2. Presentations from two historical more fundamental way. Americans, freedom and white men. Perhaps this Chautauqua campers will perform, fol- figures (the moderator and the evening’s Even after formally ratify- democracy were deeply is ultimately why his idea lowed by humanitarian Jane Addams special guest). ing the treaty, the Germans intertwined. His belief in of “making the world safe (Helen Lewis). Saturday’s main speak- 3. Questions from the audience directed to evaded its requirements constitutional liberalism for democracy” failed. er will be sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois and sought its revision. the historical figures, who will answer (Charles Pace). Closing the “World War I: The peace conference Additional Sources: as the figures would have responded. Legacies of a Forgotten War” Chautauqua represented only the victors. “The Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson: War and Peace,” 4.Questions from the audience directed week on Sunday will be author Edith It had excluded Lenin’s eds. Ray Stannard Baker and William E. Dodd at the scholars, who will answer as their Wharton (Karen Vuranch). Bolshevik regime, which “Woodrow Wilson and the American Diplomatic Tradition: The Treaty Fight in research suggests. They can correct For further details about Chautauqua Wilson and the Perspective,” by Lloyd Ambrosius self-serving answers by the historical and a related reading list, please visit: Allies still did not regard “Making The World Safe for Democracy Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy,” by Lloyd Ambrosius figures or shed light on a subject the www.NebraskaChautauqua.org. as Russia’s legitimate “The Long Shadow: The Great War and the Twentieth Century,” by David Reynolds The Chautauqua Reader 2016 PG 3 WOODROW WILSON: Advocate for peace...but at what cost?

By Paul Vickery, Ph.D. son urged “…not always The war indeed was The Allies forced Ger- “He kept us out of Party splitting voters be- to think first of America, going badly for the Allies. many to accept total blame war,” claimed the slogan tween Roosevelt and Taft, but always, also, to think In December 1917, Russia for the war and demanded that won the 1916 United Wilson became President first of humanity.” called it quits, allowing reparations totaling nearly States presidential race for in 1912. Because of his con- for a large number of $33 billion. The goal was Woodrow Wilson. Yet in As the first southern- tinued neutrality, his op- troops and supplies to to thoroughly crush Ger- an address to Congress on er since Andrew Johnson ponents quickly labeled shift to the Western Front. man imperialism. April 2, 1917, he asked for and the only Democrat him spineless. Within two Yet the American effect Although Wilson rec- a declaration of war. besides Grover Cleve- years, Wilson would re- came slowly. ognized the vindictive na- “It is a fearful thing to land to be elected since verse his position. ture of the treaty and the lead this great peaceful 1856, Wilson immediately Troubling Treaty dilution of most of his people into war,” he said, appointed Democrats to Provoking Paradox In the decisive battle of Fourteen Points, he ac- “into the most terrible and key federal agencies. Wilson narrowly won Argonne Forest in France, cepted it with the League SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS disastrous of all wars. Civ- With his party in con- the election of 1916 at least 1.2 million dough- of Nations. city, 3,500-mile trip, Wil- ilization itself seeming to trol of Congress, Wilson against Charles Evans boys participated in crush- son desperately tried to be in the balance.” managed to pass many Hughes, the former Gov- ing the German Hinden- Discouraged, Debilitated swing public opinion, but What caused Wilson to Progressive policies, ernor of New York, who burg Line. On the eleventh Stateside, Wilson still the strain on the President change from maintaining including the formation of was also a progressive. hour of the eleventh day in needed congressional ap- began to show. His head-

SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS SOURCE: strict neutrality to joining the Federal Reserve Act, With his campaign the eleventh month, Ger- proval. Presidents negoti- aches and high blood pres- the Allies against the Hun? Clayton Anti-Trust Act, focusing on peace, pre- many signed the armistice. ate treaties, but the Senate sure worried his doctor paredness, progres- Peace broke out. In all, 4.4 confirms them. and Edith. sivism, and pros- million Americans were Wilson had devised the After a rousing speech perity, Wilson faced mobilized and 320,000 treaty without Republican in Pueblo, Colorado, he challenges. The killed or wounded. Ger- help. The Republican-con- suffered a debilitating country was still many incurred nearly 6 trolled Senate rejected the stroke and became para- in an isolationist million casualties. treaty, believing it forfeit- lyzed on his left side. mode. Wilson won The controversial treaty ed too much U.S. autono- With Edith largely in by hammering the ending the war, however, my to the League. Despite charge of presidential du- slogan, “He kept us proved difficult and cost counter proposals, Wilson ties, Wilson, disappointed, out of war.” Wilson his health. refused to compromise, discouraged, and ill, spent Less than a month Taking the moral high believing he could capture the last months of his pres- after his second ground, Wilson realized public support. idency largely isolated inauguration, he that if the belligerents Beginning a twelve from the public. grew frustrated with did not come together in German actions a mode of reconciliation, early in 1917, such the world would not be “fit as the sinking of and safe to live in.” His the Lusiatania and plan, called the Fourteen meddling in Mexi- Points, presented a hope- can internal affairs. ful yet naïve vision for Paradoxically, he world peace and includ- would soon set aside ed the formation of the his commitment to League of Nations. President Woodrow Wilson addressing Congress. SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS neutrality and seek To present his case, What factors led the na- and with the passage of a Congressional support Wilson would personally tion into an anti-German the Sixteenth Amendment, for a declaration of war. attend the conference in attitude that promoted an income tax. Despite America’s entry into Paris. First, however, he the burning of German these domestic accom- the bloody conflict marked arrived in England to a books and newspapers plishments, foreign policy a turning point in the war. hero’s welcome. The Eu- and banned German com- marked his administration Wilson believed what was ropean people loved him. posers such as Beethoven most profoundly. at stake was nothing less The allied leaders, and Bach? than “the existence of de- however, did not share Following Wilson’s stroke that left him paralyzed on the left The man who insisted, Difficult Developments mocracy and freedom it- Wilson’s idealism. They side, carefully staged photos protected his image. His wife, “I come from the South In late July 1914, World self in the world.” wanted revenge. Edith, fulfilled many of his presidential duties herself. and I know what war is— War I broke out in Europe. SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS A 1919 cartoon lampooned Republicanfor I have seen its terrible The U.S. firmly declared Senators for failing to ratify the treaty.wreckage and ruin,” was neutrality. now calling for war to Less than two weeks make the world “safe for later, Wilson’s beloved Paul Vickery democracy.” Why? wife Ellen passed away. Although wracked by Southern Sensibilities Oral Roberts University for 25 years, primarily grief, Wilson began dating in the area of Latin American and U.S. History. Wilson indeed knew the wealthy widow Edith He also has accompanied students in travels in the ugly face of war. Bolling Galt in March Europe and the Caribbean. He was born three days 1915. By December, they In 2006, Vickery published “Bartolome after Christmas 1856 in were married. After a de las Casas: Great Prophet of the Americas,” Staunton, Virginia. The son relaxing honeymoon in with Paulist Press, one of the leading Catholic of a Presbyterian minister Virginia, the couple re- academic publishers. In addition, in 2010, he who served as Chaplain turned to Washington to published “Washington: A Legacy of Leader- in the Confederate Army, face both an election year ship,” and in 2011, “Jackson: The Iron-Willed Thomas Woodrow Wilson and the world’s problems. Commander.” Both are part of The Generals se- grew up in the charred Because of its feroci- ries by Thomas Nelson. He has also published city of Columbia, South ty, horrendous casualties, in academic journals. Carolina. and number of nations Paul has traveled extensively in Europe and One of his earliest involved, The First World Latin America. As a member of the Mediterra- memories was viewing War was optimistically nean Studies Association; he has presented ac- Confederate President dubbed “the war to end all ademic papers at universities in six countries. Jefferson Davis being wars.” Protected by two Although originally from Massachusetts, Vickery also is a destination lecturer for cruise led in chains to prison in great oceans, the U.S. de- Paul Vickery grew up in Hollywood, Florida. ships around the world. Augusta, Georgia. By sired to remain aloof from He received his B.A. and M.A. degrees from 1885, Wilson had married Europe’s problems. It was Florida State University, studying International Georgia native Ellen not to be. Relations and specializing in Inter-American Louise Axson. His south- On May 7, 1915, a Ger- Studies, Spanish and Portuguese. ern sensibilities would man submarine sank the After graduation he was commissioned in always inform his forays Lusitania cruise liner. Out the U.S. Army Counterintelligence Service and into both academia and of 1,959 passengers and spent nearly four years in Europe. state and national politics. crew, 1,185 lost their lives, In 1989, Vickery received his M. Div. from including 128 Americans. Political Prowess Oral Roberts University. He is an ordained Republicans, led by United Methodist Pastor. His Ph.D. is in Latin By championing a former president Teddy American History, and Spanish from Oklahoma campaign promise to end Roosevelt, demanded war. State University. the influence of party He wanted the U.S. to Vickery has performed in Chautauquas machine politics, Wilson wield the “big stick.” around the country, portraying Henry Ford, became Democratic Gov- When Wilson refused, Senator Joe McCarthy, Bishop Francis Asbury, ernor of New Jersey in Roosevelt labeled him “a Bartolome de las Casas, Marquis James, and 1910. He rose quickly in prime jackass.” H.L. Mencken. the Democratic national In a speech to newly Vickery has been a Professor of History at political party. nationalized citizens three With the Republican days after the sinking, Wil- PG 4 The Chautauqua Reader 2016 WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN: The Great Commoner’s call: “Let the people rule!”

By A. Theodore Kachel, Ph.D. become famous for major resignation as a matter of Protestant but also a decisions of war and peace. pacifist principle and pub- William Jennings thoughtful, educated man lic policy disagreement Bryan was born March who died peacefully in his Parting of Ways exhibits a statesman’s 19, 1860 in Salem, Illi- sleep after the trial ended. Bryan’s personal sense candid integrity rather nois. When he realized During his lifetime, WIKIMEDIA COMMONS SOURCE: of achievement was found than the usual careerism there was little chance of only the men who be- in his negotiation of In- that inhibits such actions getting into politics in his came president were as ternational Arbitration by today’s political elite. home state, he moved to well known or perhaps as Agreements with the ma- Nebraska in 1887, where effective in shaping jor world powers of that Democratic Faith he was elected Congress- the direction of American day. These presented a So, why is Bryan lost to man three years later. life through political and formula for resolving dis- our political memory? He was a three-time legal change as Bryan. putes between nations As a “passionate pro- Presidential nominee of Yet now he is the largely without resorting to mili- gressive conservative” he the Democratic Party. In forgotten man of this pe- tary force through the In- was a genuine paradox for 1896, he was the youngest riod in American political ternational Court. later political commenta- to throw his hat into the and cultural history. Although Wilson tors and scholars. As con- race, and is still the young- strongly supported this cern for minority rights Two Famous Speeches est ever to run, at 36 years Scopes Trial in July 1925, Some political schol- approach, it was finally against possible majority old. He also ran in 1900 Bryan earned—and in Dayton, Tennessee. It ars say that outside of the the issue of war that led to tyranny grew, our legal and 1908. enjoyed—the nickname was the closing argument Supreme Court itself, their parting of ways. In system has moved to trust Today, Bryan is best “The Great Commoner” he had prepared to ex- Bryan had probably 1915, only two years into procedural rules and de- remembered in the public’s in deference to his stirring plain his opposition to changed the U.S. Consti- his office as Secretary of liberative processes rather mind through a distorted skills as an orator. Two Evolution, or what we tution more than any other State, Bryan resigned be- than electoral politics and historical portrait found major speeches bracket call now Social Darwin- single American politician, cause of Wilson’s move legislative reform. in the popular play and Bryan’s public career, one ism. However, because including presidents. to favor Britain in its dis- Bryan believed even movie, Inherit the Wind. given and the other only Clarence Darrow pleaded putes with Germany. when he lost that “in the The script was based on written but left unspoken. John Scopes guilty to pre- In Wilson’s Cabinet Bryan was attacked as a long run, given enough the Scopes Trial in 1925 The first is his famous vent Bryan from having President Wilson re- German sympathizer, but time, the people will form where Bryan successfully “Cross of Gold” speech at the last word, it was never warded Bryan with ap- he only wished for an im- the questions, they will opposed the teaching of the Democratic conven- delivered. Five days after pointment to what would partial and neutral stance find the answers, and make evolution in Tennessee’s tion in Chicago, which the trial ended, the “Great be Bryan’s only national by America between these the changes that will be public schools. produced such a popular Commoner’s” voice was office, Secretary of State. two warring powers to best for all.” This was his On stage, the character outcry that it won him the silenced 29 years after it The appointment was prevent further blood- democratic faith, perhaps representing Bryan is nomination for President had launched his public initially ridiculed by many shed. When Congress did as important to him as portrayed as an almost the next day in July 1896. life in Chicago. who asked “what does a declare war on Germany, his evangelical protestant comical religious fanatic The second might have small-town Midwestern Bryan immediately of- faith in shaping his actions, who dramatically dies of kept his reputation as a Voice for “Will-Haves” lawyer know about world fered his service to Wilson his ideas, and his hopes a “busted belly” while great public leader intact Throughout his many affairs?” True, Bryan him- in whatever capacity he for the American future. attempting to deliver had he lived to give it as campaigns and crusades self had initially asked for wished in the American Bryan bet his life on his summation in a cha- he planned on a national one theme is constant: Secretary of the Treasury, war effort. the will of the majority. otic courtroom. In reality, lecture tour after the “Let the People Rule!” ostensibly so he might in- After our troublesome Minorities can only rule Bryan was a passionate Bryan fought for a fluence national economic times of the Vietnam through force, so “Let the government and laws that policy. But Wilson had al- War, Bryan’s forthright People Rule!” would support common ready committed this post people’s hopes and dreams to another close associate. for a better life for them Bryan chose the State and their children. He Department after Wilson fought, therefore, against agreed that Bryan, a life- SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS SOURCE: elitism in politics, in eco- long teetotaler, would not nomics, and in education. have to serve alcoholic His was not a voice beverages at any official for the “haves” against functions. This “grape- the “have-nots,” but for juice” policy held Bryan the “will-haves,” as he up to further ridicule in put it. Bryan’s leadership the press, but he made no not only helped elect a attempt to use his national Democratic President in office at that time to push Woodrow Wilson, which for legal Prohibition. Lat- allowed for many progres- er he would campaign suc- sive reforms in the law, cessfully for that constitu- but also was instrumental tional change. in passing four major Con- Bryan served Wilson stitutional Amendments: energetically at the State the federal income tax, the Department. He was ac- direct election of Senators, tively involved in the prohibition of alcoholic formation and execution SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS beverages, and the right of of foreign affairs in an Bryan spoke throughout the country during three presidential campaigns, rallying crowds with his “Cross of Gold” speech. women to vote. administration that would A. Theodore Kachel

his Ph.D. studies in Religion and Society from ing several of these Chautauqua characters while Columbia University (1975). He graduated magna adding new character sketches of P.T. Barnum, cum laude from Union Theological Seminary, Thomas A. Edison, Frederick Law Olmsted, and NYC, in 1965 and was a campus minister at Penn Frank Lloyd Wright at meetings for Genworth and Michigan universities until 1975. Insurance, Hasbro Toys, T.B.G. Landscaping, Inc, His work today is touring in first-person perfor- and R.J. Reynolds American. mances as William Jennings Bryan, General Wil- liam Tecumseh Sherman, Sir Winston Churchill, William Shakespeare, Joseph Mallord William Turner, or H.G. Wells. Since the summer of 2010 he has presented General Robert E. Lee in Oklaho- ma, Colorado, and Nevada Chautauqua programs as well as at the University of Kansas. In the summer of 2008, he was invited to present William Jennings Bryan in Dayton, Tennessee, for the annual July reenactment of the Scopes Trial in the historic courtroom where After 40 years teaching humanities and theatre it happened. The climax of this performance was at colleges and universities across Midwestern the recreation of Clarence Darrow’s cross-exam- America, Professor Kachel retired as Head of the ination of Bryan during the final full day of this Theatre Program at Tulsa Community College in famous trial. 1999. Although retired, he has taught part-time Beginning in 2006, Dr. Kachel has worked with in religious studies and humanities at TCC using First Matter’s Watts Wacker, a futurist, present- The Chautauqua Reader 2016 PG 5 JANE ADDAMS: Activist who championed human dignity

By Helen Lewis could apply their intelli- Championing Peace League for Peace and integrity before personal their families in peace. gence and talents to foster Furthermore, between Freedom. convenience. Much more than a public improvement. her involvement with Hull Addams opposed child In 1931, Addams be- social worker or political labor, lynching, and char- came a co-recipient of activist, Addams seems to Valuing Heritage House and her work for labor unions and suffrage, ity. She supported trades the Nobel Peace Prize. have been a catalyst who Determination to benefit Addams became a leading unions, the NAACP, and This was an affirmation inspired others to achieve others balanced by flex- champion for world peace. social science. that her chosen path, their dreams. She taught ibility in how she could although marked with crit- by example the necessity She published numerous Resolving Injustice best affect those ends led articles and books about icism, had remained the of cultural tolerance, and Wherever Jane Addams Addams to work with the the issues important to right choice for humanity. she stood secure in up- saw injustice—physical or new Sociology Depart- her, including efforts to From her establishing holding her values of per- moral—she carefully con- ment of the University of end warfare. Hull House to her death at sonal integrity and social Chicago. Her openness sidered the situation and age 74, Jane Addams nev- democracy, even when SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS SOURCE: Addams’ deep concern to new theories led her to then boldly set herself the er ceased to encourage an she stood alone. Like other educated, for others and her un- adapt psychological and task of resolving that issue. environment that would By the time of her middle-class, 19th-century flinching support of what sociological studies to her Like her father, Jane allow people world-wide a death, May 21, 1935, the women who chose not she believed remain quite plans for Hull House, thus Addams placed honor chance for a decent life—a world had become Jane to marry, Jane Addams apparent in her writings. developing a model of before popularity and means to feed and house Addams’ neighborhood. struggled for many years Her stories about actual social reform based on to discover her path to a individuals contemporary research. productive life of useful lend a persua- Yet, her genuine service to others. sive intensity respect and compassion As founder of a settle- to her style for the underprivileged ment house, educator, that makes combined with her sincere author, labor agitator, her prose appreciation for the value peace advocate, and memorable. of other people’s heritages suffragist, Jane Addams Her con- allowed her to adjust promoted publicly her in- crete, highly programs at Hull House to terpretation of democratic accurate provide what her neighbors ideals, while maintaining descriptions wanted, not just what a lifestyle that modeled brought home Addams or others thought her beliefs. the reality of they needed. She believed Born in Cedarville, Il- the conditions that for social assistance linois, September 6, 1860, faced by those to succeed, those in need Jane Addams developed oppressed, had to identify what could her social graces from her whether by best help them raise them- stepmother and her social gender, racial, selves out of poverty. conscience from her father. ethnic, eco- This trust in social Early exposure to less nomic, or democracy informed Jane fortunate children influ- intellectual Addams’ personal life as enced her desire to assist discrimination. well as her political activ- SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS the poor. After graduating Typical- ities. Detesting snobbery Suffragists gathered to protest Wilson’s views in October 1919. from Rockford Seminary ly, Addams objectively - in 1881, she began what and pity, Addams influ clarifies all viewpoints enced others to join her would become an eight- regarding an issue, such in creating conditions that year search for purpose in as an international con- allowed her neighbors in her life. flict. Then she guides Helen Lewis Ward 19 to improve their readers to a logical stand Finding Direction own lives, rather than based upon social de- perpetuating the “charity Upon visiting Toynbee mocracy as the means to work” that created a sense Hall, a settlement house preserve human dignity of superiority in the giver delight participating in London’s impoverished while achieving permanent and a sense of inferiority again with Pace in lower East End, Addams social improvement. in the receiver. this year’s Nebraska received her inspiration Whether, for example, Chautauqua, “World for her life’s direction: to an expression of autobi- War One: Legacies of Voting Rights found a settlement house ography: “Twenty Years a Forgotten War.” in Chicago. Addams’ social mo- at Hull House” or histo- Lewis earned a ry: “Peace and Bread in She established Hull rality influenced her to B.A. in English Lit- House in 1889 to serve assume the causes of the Time of War,” Addams’ erature from Wil- Chicago’s many immigrant marginal. Even without books express concern for kes College and an families. Through this the right to vote herself, the marginal individuals, M.A. and A.B.D. in endeavor, Jane Addams she still openly exerted especially children and English Liter- women. fulfilled her dream of work- pressure on public offi- ature from the ing among the poor while cials to make possible Espousing Democracy University of Mary- also creating possible the means for others to land. A 1990 NEH career choices for Ironically, Helen M. Lewis teaches Human- Summer Seminar at the University ities and English at Western Iowa women who had SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Addams fre- of Pennsylvania, “British Women Tech Community College in Sioux had few, if any, quently spoke Romantic Poets,” influenced Lewis opportunities to as the “ma- City, Iowa. She also serves on nu- to seek gender balance in her courses develop public jority of one” merous college, community, and and women’s participation in other lives. when espous- state committees and boards. disciplines. Concerned for ing democracy A Pennsylvanian by birth, Lewis An active public speaker in the her neighbors’ for all. But attended fourteen schools in twelve Humanities, Lewis’s topics also years as a Navy child. With that needs for educa- even when her include film and America’s West. tion, childcare, ideas were met foundation, Chautauqua travel feels Lewis shares life with her spouse and medical ser- with scorn, she quite comfortable. LeRoy Spurgeon, a railroad man vice, Addams never lacked an A long-time fan of Chautauqua, from Kansas working in Iowa, recruited kinder- audience. Nor Lewis herself became part of the whom she met at a square dance in garten teachers, did she ever Great Plains Chautauqua in 1999, Nebraska. Naturally, both have high nursery workers, allow pub- portraying Jane Addams in “Behold regard for Nebraska. physicians, and lic opinion to Our New Century.” Lewis visiting nurses. dissuade her learned much by working Kindergarten at Hull House, 1909 From Hull from what she with veteran Chautauquan House came the founder achieve the American ideal believed the morally right Charles Pace as Booker T. of the first juvenile deten- of a decent life. course: to uphold the Washington. tion center, organizers of Exhorting local poli- dignity and worth of the Besides bringing Add- youth clubs to deter delin- ticians to hear the immi- individual. ams to many humanities au- quency, national leaders grant voice, encouraging She steadfastly argued diences since 2002, Lewis in factory legislation, and working class men to be- for the social claim to re- has also portrayed Nebras- local leaders in sanitation come politically active, place the family claim on ka’s own Grace Abbott. issues. From Hull House and campaigning for daughters. She staunchly Lewis reunited with came preservers of ethnic women to receive suf- and unwaveringly crit- Pace—he as Malcolm X heritage and teachers of frage, Addams held that icized war even when and she as Grace Abbott — survival skills for success only when everyone had a her many of her former in Kearney, Nebraska for in a new land. For the share in the political sys- supporters would attack the “Visions for America: creative, caring women tem could legislation be- her pacifist position Notable Nebraska behind these works, Jane come truly representative; and call her unpatri- Reformers” Chautauqua. Addams had supplied a only then could America otic for her role in the She anticipates much home from which they become a true democracy. Women’s International PG 6 The Chautauqua Reader 2016 W.E.B. DU BOIS: Personification of the Civil Rights Movement

By Charles Pace constructed and ers, artists, musicians, ored People (N.A.A.C.P.). Association,” root and humanity, as an explicit not genetically and entertainers with the This organization directly branch, into a national counter to the idea of determined as science French public that con- challenged the doctrine force for change. white supremacy, rather at that time asserted. tinues to this day. Exam- of white supremacy and than as the arts for-arts- His publication, ples of the participants the segregation laws that Making Truth Reality sake stance that the The Philadelphia include such luminar- sprang from it. Blacks were lynched “Young Turks” demanded. Negro (1899), and ies as: Josephine Baker, by the scores yearly, on a To illustrate his point, the yearly series Richard Wright, James Representing NAACP nationwide ba- he edited, The Baldwin, Miles Davis, Throughout these de- sis. And, as the Atlanta University Langston Hughes, and velopments Du Bois Great War pro- Studies series (1896- Gordon Parks, and many quickly became the gressed so did 1917), produced a others. national personification of the terror. Du body of scholar- Following the Atlan- the NAACP. Bois lamented ship that still serves ta white race riot (1906) As founding editor of about the year as a model of urban and the Springfield, Il- The Crisis: A Record of 1919: “During sociology scholar- linois, white race riot the Darker People (1910- that year, 77 SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS ship. (1908), Du Bois became 1934), the monthly publi- Negroes were convinced that scholar- cation of the NAACP, Du lynched, of William Edward Uniting Black Artists ship, while necessary, Bois’ vision was quickly whom one was Burghardt Du Bois’ ideas Du Bois started the must be empowered by absorbed by tens of thou- a woman and provide insight for under- emergence of “the Black public action to stop the sands of readers around 11 were sol- SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS standing how one man terror of lynching that was the country and the world. diers; of these, Atlantic,” the international Du Bois showcased “the condition of the helped turn his vision for artistic and intellectual co- then emergent in Ameri- Beginning with publica- 14 were public- Negro” via photos at the Paris Exhibition. a more democratic Amer- alition of black artists on can society. tion of 1,000 copies of ly burned, 11 of ica into a concrete reality. both sides of the Atlantic This realization set in 1910 issues, in excess of them being burned alive.” Du Bois wrote the novel Du Bois used scholar- in 1900. motion a creative coali- 100,000 copies of The Du Bois understood “The Dark Princess,” the ship, activism and art to As he informs us in tion of white New York Crisis were sold by 1918. that the implications of second of his fivenovels. build an interracial coa- “Dusk of Dawn”: “I liberals, along with a se- Combined with his scientific knowledge Yet, ever the champi- lition of leaders that mo- prepared an exhibit [of art lect group of black leaders many national pub- would require generations on of speaking truth of bilized the black public and photographs] showing who, in 1909, founded the lic speaking tours, and before its meaning would power, Du Bois took their to transcend the obstacles the condition of the Negro National Association for several trips abroad, Du have practical effect upon vehement disagreement as embodied in the idea and for the Paris Exposition the Advancement of Col- Bois helped build “the social behavior, and upon a sign of an advancing de- ideology of white suprem- which gained a Grand federal law. Therefore, his mocracy. acy and so advanced de- Prize. I be- democratic vision Lasting Legacy mocracy in America. came a mem- required politi- He was born in Great ber of the cal mobilization Historians all agree that Barrington, Massachu- American to turn scientific he left a lasting legacy in setts in 1868. Du Bois, Association truth into political each of the following do- Harvard University’s for the Ad- reality. mains: scholarship, art, first black Ph.D. (1896), vancement Though de- and activism. His most working alone and in of Science stroying the le- lasting legacy is his pub- concert with an interna- in 1900 and gal basis for lications, including 22 tional group of scholars, was made white supremacy single-authored books. used social science to a fellow in was the agreed His other academic destroy the scientific 1904.” upon outward legacies include founding basis for the idea of white This in- goal, there still the sociology department supremacy. ternational arose an internal at Atlanta University, representa- conflict; a conflict as well as being the Proving Science Wrong tion of black over the means, founding editor of the Du Bois and a coalition life began the timetable, scholarly journal, Phylon: of white and black schol- the 20th cen- and the degree of A Quarterly Review of ars published ground- tury’s very acceptable com- Race and Culture. breaking research that close asso- promise in ac- In 1913, his colleague convincingly argued that ciation of In 1905, W. E. B. Du Bois, middle row, second from the right gathered with other civil complishing that William Ferris made the race was socially black writ- rights activists who were part of his Niagara Movement, a precurser to the NAACP. goal, between following comment about SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS the two schools Du Bois’ atypical place in of thought that guided the our nation’s culture: “Du race. Bois is one of the few men Charles Everett Pace By 1915, this disagree- in history who was hurled ment between Du Bois on the throne of leader- and Booker T. Washing- ship by the dynamic force Public Diplomacy Missions in 25 cities and nine ton, the most powerful of the written word...who countries across Africa. He does Chautauqua black leader of the time leaped to the front as a presentations on Frederick Douglass, Booker (and some would argue, leader and became the T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, Langston of all time) came to an end head of a popular move- Hughes and Malcolm X. with Washington’s death. ment through impressing His extensive Chautauqua work provides the Thus, by a 1925 vantage his personality upon men background for his latest work in “Taking the point, Du Bois is the great- by means of a book.” Lead: Creative Leadership Training for Today’s est champion of (while His activist legacy, of Students.” at the same time locking course, includes the fold- In 2009, Pace as Du Bois was the featured pre- horns with) the emerging ing of his organization The senter at the 100th Anniversary of the founding group of young artists in Niagara Movement, into of The Crisis Magazine. The Crisis, the official the vanguard of the “New the founding membership journal of the NAACP was founded and edited Negro” Arts Movement, of the NAACP, and The by Du Bois in New York City. This event was now known as the Harlem Crisis Magazine, arguably held at the New York Times building and was Renaissance. the most influential black sponsored by the national office of the NAACP. news publication ever. Charles Everett Pace is a Silver Life Member Arguing About Arts Victories came slowly, Now a full-time national Chautauqua scholar, of the NAACP, travels nationally and lives in The conflict centered on but most significantly, Charles Everett Pace was a program advisor Texarkana, Texas. the propaganda potential through a series of United for the Texas Union, University of Texas at Austin. of the arts in society. States Supreme Court cases. He also taught at the University of Nebraska- Some scholars date the Two in particular con- Lincoln, Purdue University, and Centre College Movement’s beginning firmed the wisdom of em- of Kentucky. in 1921, when The Crisis ploying the courtroom as Pace graduated from Texarkana Communi- published Langston a site for structural polit- ty College, The University of Texas at Austin Hughes’ poem, “A Negro ical change. First, was the (B.A. in Biology) and Purdue University (M.A. Speaks of Rivers.” This case against the all-white in American studies-history/anthropology). flowering of black artistic primary election system Pace and George Frein gave the keynote ad- expression in music, in 1944. Prior to this case, dress at the final Presidential debate between dance, theater, the visual in the solid democratic Senators John McCain and Barack Obama at and plastic arts, photogra- south, the Democratic Hofstra University on Long Island, New York. phy, and especially litera- Party was run as a “pri- Pace was also featured as W.E.B. Du Bois in ture reflects a difference in vate club” that barred 2012 at the third Presidential Debate between concept more than a dif- blacks from participation, President Obama and Governor Mitt Romney, ference of generations. really. A decade later, the also held at Hofstra University. Du Bois argued that 1954 Brown vs. the Board A 17 year veteran of The Great Plains Chautau- the arts should be used to of Education case struck qua, Pace has also conducted U. S. Government propagate the “explicit” down the legal basis for idea of a co-equal black white supremacy. The Chautauqua Reader 2016 PG 7 EDITH WHARTON: Brilliant light in the Roaring Twenties

By Karen Vuranch ed internationally as well in 1916. This award was what I saw, but I also began Edith Wharton once well as out. The first edi- as in America. In 1907, even more exceptional a new novel, ‘Summer.’ said, “There are two ways tion sold out quickly and she established a home in because, in that year, the The work made my other of spreading light: to be the book became a touch- Paris, moving there per- French government had tasks lighter and was the candle or the mirror stone for a new design manently in 1913 when just decreed that it would written amid a thousand that reflects it.” movement in America, her marriage to Teddy grant no more awards to interruptions. But, while Wharton truly did according to biographer Wharton ended in divorce. civilians or foreigners until the rest of my being was shine brilliantly. Even in R.W.B. Lewis. the end of the war, accord- steeped in the tragic real- her own day, according Committed to Serve ing to R.W.B. Lewis. An ities of war, the novel was to biographer Connie Prolific Author When the Great War exception was made for written at a high pitch of Nordhielm Wooldridge, So began Wharton’s began, Wharton immedi- Edith Wharton. creative joy.” she was thought to be the illustrious career in writ- ately immersed herself in After World War I, After the war, Wharton most accomplished and ing, producing an impres- projects for the war effort. Edith remained in Paris, to and others began the pro- admired American writer sive quantity and quality One of her first initia- help with the rebuilding of cess of mourning. They fact, Helen Killoran said of the times. of work. Over her lifetime tives was to begin a work- her beloved France. mourned not only the that Wharton’s novel She was the first woman she published 23 novels, room for women refugees loss of 9 million soldiers, “Glimpses of the Moon” to win the Pulitzer Prize numerous short stories in Paris. Not thinking the Her Need to Create but also grieved for what was an important in- and her books became filling 18 volumes, and war would last, she left Several people have society had lost. fluence on Fitzgerald’s immediate bestsellers. three volumes of poetry. the workroom in capable speculated that perhaps She began a novel about “The Great Gatsby.” However, besides her Additionally, she pub- hands, to visit her friend it was the war that gave the world she had known But it was “Glimpses of impact on the field of lished non-fiction books Henry James for an ex- Wharton purpose in life. before the war. ‘Age of In- the Moon,” that Carney literature, Wharton was including travelogues tended stay in England. But, she disputed that. nocence’ won the Pulitzer states, “became identified a powerhouse of relief of her motor journeys It soon became apparent In her autobiography, Prize in 1921, and Whar- as evidence of Wharton’s through Eu- that the war would contin- “A Backward Glance,” ton was the first woman to outmoded sensibilities and rope, books ue. Wharton could have Wharton acknowledged receive that honor. style,” despite its popular- on archi- stayed safely away from that there were many peo- ity and success at the time. tecture and the war zone, but instead ple who found themselves Dismissed as Outmoded Perhaps Wharton is not gardens and made her way back to Paris. during the war. They were Wharton continued considered as modern as first-hand For the remainder of the people “whose call of duty writing through the decade the writers of the Roaring accounts war, she would work tire- turned them from discon- of the 1920s. Sadly, while Twenties. Still, her work of World lessly, helping refugees, tented idling into happy she had been considered has lasted the test of time. War I. A wounded soldiers and people with a purpose.” to be a brave writer in her She was certainly honored dedicated many orphans. She went on to say, “I early days, taking chances in her day, receiving both profession- Edith was good at rais- cannot say that I was of and writing about real the Pulitzer and an Hon- al, Wharton ing money, but she also that number. I was already human experiences, by the orary Doctorate of Letters devoted ev- used her skills as a writer in the clutches of an inex- 1920s, she was considered from Yale University in ery morning to help the war effort. orable calling.” to be outmoded. 1923, the first women to to her craft, She edited a book of Wharton said her char- Contemporary writers receive this honor. writing at essays, poems and artwork itable work was forced such as T. S. Eliot and Wharton continues to be least two to from artists throughout upon her by necessity, but James Joyce looked upon read, and films have been

SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS SOURCE: three hours Europe. All proceeds from her respite came when she her work as old-fashioned, made of her novels, includ- Born into wealth, Wharton defied convention a day. “The Book of the Home- was free to return to her according to Mary Carney. ing “Age of Innocence” as an author and World War I social worker. This less,” published in 1916, own work. However, several Jazz and “Ethan Frome.” But, activity during World War I, commitment to a writer’s went to support those Indeed, one of her finest Age writers still admired while she is celebrated as profoundly affecting her life did not come easy. directly affected by the novels was written amidst Edith Wharton. a novelist and writer, few chosen community of Fashionable society of old war. The book featured war work. She was relent- In her autobiography Americans today know Paris. Whatever Edith New York did not approve prominent writers and art- less in her dedication to she related a comical story of her extraordinary ef- Wharton did, she shone of writers. ists of the day, including her relief work and tours of when F. Scott Fitzgerald fort during World War I with the bright luminosity As she states in her her dear friend Henry of the war zone, but need- came to visit, visi- and the light she spread in of a candle. autobiography, “I had James. Still, more money ed the emotional release of bly nervous at meet- those desperate days. to fight my way through was needed. writing. ing the great writer. In Passion for Europe a fog of indifference, if not In her autobiography, Born into a wealthy tacit disapproval.” From the Trenches Wharton wrote, “Through- New York society family, Wharton was able to Wharton made at least out my travels, when my Wharton spent much of overcome that disapproval six expeditions to the mind was burdened with her childhood in Europe. and establish herself as an front, touring war-torn practical responsibilities As an adult, she divided acclaimed writer. Accord- villages, visiting soldiers and my soul was wrung her time between Ameri- ing to biographer R.W.B. in the trenches, gazing out with the anguish of war, ca and Europe, eventually Lewis, she earned as much on No Man’s Land. I continued to have an in- settling in France. as $200,000 a year from Her purpose was to in- tense desire to write and I Wharton passionately the sales of her books in form the American public, was tormented by the need adored European archi- the 1910s, a considerable raise much-needed funds to create.” tecture and gardens and income in those days. and encourage American Edith spoke of the wrote about these top- Also, she was consid- involvement. dreadful realities of what ics. She also created a ered to be a significant Her efforts resulted she witnessed in the course stir in America with the American writer. She was in numerous articles in of the war and how they first book she ever pub- a master of satire and iro- American magazines and all became “strangely in- lished, “The Decoration of ny. Many of her novels eventually a book, “Fight- ured.” She said that it was Houses.” explored the issues of ing France.” possible to bear the suffer- Written with architect class and hypocrisy and The French revered her ing because you knew you Ogden Codman, Jr., their women’s role in society. for her efforts and awarded were doing all you could. WIKIMEDIA COMMONS SOURCE: Wharton novels have been popular adaptations for film and book celebrated simplicity Wharton’s fame was her the Chevalier of the “But, for me,” she said, French Legion of Honor theatre. Actress Katherine Cornell portrayed Countess Ellen of design inside houses as global; she was celebrat- “I had to write. I wrote of Olenska in a 1929 dramatization of “The Age of Innocence.”

She has toured nationally and internationally degree in humanities from Marshall University, Karen Vuranch with her play “Coal Camp Memories,” based on with a major in American studies and a minor in oral history and chronicling a woman’s experi- Celtic studies. She has eight publications and has ence in the Appalachian coal fields. “Homefront” released two CDs of stories and a DVD of “Coal is a play based on oral history she collected about Camp Memories.” women in World War II. Vuranch also recreates author Pearl Buck, la- bor organizer Mother Jones, humanitarian Clara Barton, Indian captive Mary Draper Ingles, Grace O’Malley, a 16th century Irish pirate, Wild West outlaw Belle Starr, television cook Julia Child, and pioneer/author Laura Ingalls Wilder. She has performed in a number of Chautauquas in West Virginia, Ohio, Oklahoma and Nevada, and in 2002 she participated in the Nu Wa Storytelling Exchange to China. Vuranch is a faculty member at Concord Uni- versity, teaching theater, speech and Appalachian studies. She is a freelance consultant for the Coal Heritage Highway Authority and is currently directing an oral history project. Karen Vuranch of West Virginia is a traditional She has an undergraduate degree from Ashland storyteller, as well as a Chautauqua scholar. University in theater and sociology and a master’s PG 8 The Chautauqua Reader 2016 The History of Chautauqua in Nebraska

Traveling Chautauquas lectures, lantern-slide its first Chautauqua circuit. soldiers on the platform William Jennings Bryan, Modern Chautauqua in the late 19th and early illustrated travelogues, According to Edna Luce’s who told their stories to who presented his speech Humanities Nebraska 20th centuries brought the and musical concerts. “Chautauqua,” the 1907 audiences otherwise limited “Prince of Peace” more than (HN) rekindled the tradition world to rural communities One day in 1888, 16,000 circuit brought campers to to local papers and letters 3,000 times. in 1984 with modern in Nebraska. people attended the Crete Kearney who would “enjoy for updates on what they Several factors led to Chautauquas that use Chautauqua combined Chautauqua, giving it the the week living the simple called “The Great War.” the decline of traveling public forum and discussion programs of political oratory reputation of the greatest in life mid the cool breezes Chautauquas were so Chautauquas: greater to focus on a particular and lectures about health, the Missouri Valley. and delightful shade of popular that it was not mobility, radio and film historical era or theme. For science, and the humanities The success of the Crete the park.” Locals gathered uncommon for Lexington’s entertainment, economic more than 30 years, HN has with entertainment, such Chautauquas encouraged at Third Ward City Park Charles F. Horner, co- decline, and a change in brought humanities-based as opera singers and businessmen in Beatrice to to hear orators and such founder of the Redpath- national attitude. Chautauqua programs to stage performances of start a similar enterprise in musical performances as Horner Chautauqua Circuit, Perhaps most significant communities all across this Shakespeare. Audiences 1889. Other Chautauqua the Williams’ Original to book more than 60 shows was the radio, where news great state. heard about national issues programs sprang up across Dixie Jubilee Singers. in one season. was quickly and directly Humanities Nebraska and discussed their views the state. According to a 1914 Chautauqua speakers broadcasted to the general is honored to continue with their neighbors. For Tent cities blossomed souvenir program, J.D. included Teddy Roosevelt, public, making it possible its Chautauqua tradition many rural Nebraskans, for week-long periods at Reed, who hailed from Helen Keller, Mark Twain, to hear FDR’s “fireside by partnering with the Chautauqua was the most Chautauqua. Some people Hastings, had “the vision Clarence Darrow, Carrie chats,” the Metropolitan communities of Hastings important week of the year. camped while hundreds and ideals that make for Nation, George Norris, Opera, and radio shows like and North Platte to present drove in, returning home to permanent Chautauquas.” and perhaps the most “Amos and Andy” from the “World War I: Legacies of Blossoming in Nebraska farm chores by night. At that point, the idea of famous Chautauquan, comfort of living rooms. a Forgotten War” in 2016. On June 26, 1883, the Chautauqua appeared to be first Chautauqua program Chautauqua Circuits a permanent one and, for in Nebraska opened in At the turn of the 20th many years, Nebraskans Crete. In 1884 the Crete century, Chautauqua cir- statewide would pack the Chautauqua Association cuits were created. National benches to participate in acquired 109 acres along Chautauqua promoters what Theodore Roosevelt the Blue River for two would roll into town, put called “the most American lecture halls, a dining hall, up a big canvas tent, and thing in America.” and 700 trees on site. overnight, towns would be Trains brought culture- transformed into bustling World War Connection hungry participants from cultural centers. At its peak, President Wymore, Lincoln, and Tent cities still appeared, Woodrow Wilson called Hastings. One delegation but the Chautauqua circuits the Chautauqua movement traveled all the way from emphasized entertainment a major contributor to the Chadron to live in the more than serious lectures war effort. Chautauquas tent city and hear the 10- or political debates. presented military bands day series of inspirational In 1907, Kearney had and introduced wounded

WWI Chautauqua Workshops See schedule on back page for dates, times, and locations. Literature of the World War I Era Opposition to the Great War Shadows of War: German-Americans in WWI Presented by Karen Vuranch Presented by A. Theodore Kachel Presented by Paul Vickery Many great works of literature came out of the World Not everyone shared in Wilson’ s views regarding the As World War I progressed, German-Americans found War I era. Explore excerpts from a number of works war or politics. Whether it was William Jennings Bryan themselves often the target of scrutiny or discrimina- including “All Quiet on the Western Front,” “One of resigning in protest from the role of Secretary of State tion here in the U.S. Why was this group targeted? Ours,” “Farewell to Arms,” and “Son at the Front,” in 1915 (he later adjusted some of his views regarding What made German-Americans seem to be less loyal to along with others from authors who wrote during the the War), Socialists like Eugene V. Debs who differed the American/Allied cause? This workshop will look at war or directly after the war. How did each author turn with Wilson politically, or pacifists that opposed vio- the situation facing German-Americans in the U.S. and their war experiences into works that became beloved lence in any circumstances, there were opponents to the what kinds of anti-German sentiment were practiced in by readers both then and now? How did the views of Great War in many sectors of American society. What the United States. Also to be discussed is the changing the war change in the literature as time passed from the kind of response did the Wilson Administration have relationship between Germany and the United States beginning of the war to the time after the war? How to these opponents? If action was taken against them, from the late 1800s until the U.S. enters the War and did these works help the country to deal with the after- what kind of constitutional questions does that raise? why German-Americans in particular were targeted. math of the war? What is their value for readers today? Picketing the President: U.S. Women’s Winning Hearts and Minds Men of Bronze: Black Units in World War I Suffrage Protests in War Time Presented by Charles Everett Pace Presented by Helen Lewis Presented by Charles Everett Pace Since George Creel, America’ s chief war propagandist This workshop will introduce audiences to the story The issue of women’s suffrage was ongoing during the in World War I, began the official U.S. effort to use World War I era. How does a movement for domestic of the 369 Infantry Regiment, “The Harlem Hellfight- the arts and humanities to advance our national security change continue through a world crisis and arguably ers,” one of the most decorated American fighting interest we have developed a successful series of public units in the War as well as discussing the role of Af- gain ground? This workshop will look at the women’s programs devoted to “winning hearts and minds” rican-American soldiers in the War. The 369th served suffrage movement during the time of World War I. It among the domestic and foreign publics. How did with the French and spent 191 days under continuous will also compare the strategies of leaders like Alice Creel and others tap into engaging Americans’ “hearts Paul and of Carrie Chapman Catt, exposing the risks fire, the longest stretch of any American regiment. Also and minds” in World War I and beyond? What meth- discussed will be the contrast in how they were treated and the reasons for protesting or not protesting for civil ods of propaganda and persuasion were used in World by the American High Command and the French High rights during war-time. War I and how did those methods change over time? Command, as well as the French public. How might we apply lessons learned from these en- Post-War Relief Efforts & Women’s deavors to “win hearts and minds” in our on-going post International League for Peace and Freedom 9/1l world? How has our connectedness in terms of in- Youth Chautauqua Camp Presented by Helen Lewis formation led to a sense of disconnectedness from our An examination of efforts by Herbert Hoover and other communities? public figures to bring relief to war-torn Europe can generate audience reflection about international respon- Women of World War I sibility to help rebuild nations destroyed by war. Look- Presented by Karen Vuranch ing closely at the efforts of the Women’ s International World Congress at The Hague and the founding of the Women’s War I was a brutal conflict in which many men faced danger and loss of life. But, there were many International League for Peace and Freedom after the Great War can raise awareness in the audience of the women who braved the dangers of the battlefield. From ambulance drivers to nurses to telegraph operators, development of on-going peace efforts since the era of women showed bravery in the face of danger during Jane Addams and Aletta Jacobs. World War I. This PowerPoint workshop will explore Religion in American Politics: the contribution of women during the first great inter- From Bryan to Bush national conflict. The workshop will incorporate his- Presented by Ann Birney & Joyce Thierer Presented by A. Theodore Kachel torical photographs and will explore both women’s role of Ride Into History The emergence of a “religious right” especially in the on the battlefield as well as the relief efforts of women on the home front. For children grades 4 through 8 • Registration required Republican Party has raised many questions about the This camp is offered free thanks to generous sponsors. role of religion in America’ s political life. We go ‘back World War I: New Weapons, Old Tactics Youth Chautauqua Camp provides students in 4th- to the future’ by looking at how Bryan was informed 8th grades the opportunity to become historians, by his Protestant Evangelical faith to seek progressive Presented by Paul Vickery researchers, scriptwriters and actors. The five-day reforms in his political campaigns and crusades. What World War I proved to be a war of transition in terms of camp allows each participant to identify and research is now seen as a religious vision that only leads to con- the methods of war. The first battles looked more like a local historical figure who was impacted by World servative economic and political movements found in conflicts from the 19th century, but as the War progressed War One and portray that person under the tent Bryan just the opposite sense of what his religious faith new technologies were introduced. These new weap- on the final camp day at the Chautauqua evening demanded of him as a political leader. We will look ons were ahead of their time when those conducting the presentation. The camp encourages students to at one of his most famous Chautauqua speeches, “The war continued to utilize past strategies of combat. This uncover fascinating local stories and learn valuable Prince of Peace,” to uncover how he made this turn workshop explores the basics of trench warfare as well research and performance skills in the process. from conservative faith to progressive politics. as new weapons like machine guns, improved rifles, aircraft, tanks, U-boats, and poison gas, among others. The Chautauqua Reader 2016 PG 9 North Platte: Centerpiece of America

By Muriel Clark, Chautauqua Co-Chair, North Platte/Lincoln County Convention & Visitors Bureau North Platte is the coun- idents. By the fall of 1867, became a second-class city West Show lives on ty seat of Lincoln County, the railroad completed in 1875 and a first-class each year in June during Nebraska. It was platted its roundhouse and other city in 1910, when the the Buffalo Bill Rodeo in the autumn of 1866 at supportive structures. population reached 4,793. and NEBRASKAland the direction of General At the dawning of DAYS. Dodge of the Union Pacif- Putting Down Roots 1920, the population ic Railroad. With good jobs avail- had more than doubled Railroad Town By November, the rails able, the town put down to 10,466. North Platte In 1890, native-born had crossed the North roots and began to take on reached 17,180 by 1960, William Jeffers quit school Platte River. There was a permanent appearance. and was officially record- to become a “call boy” for some consternation over The first school opened ed as 24,733 in the census the Union Pacific Rail- North Platte’s most famous citizen, Buffalo Bill Cody, started

what to call the new com- in the summer of 1868. of 2010. road. During the next 47 his popular Wild West Show in North Platte on July 4, 1882. munity forming there. Law and order came in the years, he rose from this, and containing more than Old Glory Blowout North Platte volunteers A toss of a coin deter- fall when a certain Mr. Pe- the company’s lowest paid 315 miles of track. built upon the foundation mined the name would niston was awarded a con- Buffalo Bill Cody or- job, to its highest posi- As many as 10,000 cars laid by their mothers and be “North Platte” rather tract to build a county jail. ganized an Independence tion, president of the great in 100 trains pass through grandmothers in World than “South Platte.” By 1867 there was a Day celebration in 1882 Union Pacific system. the yard each day. The War I and opened a Can- Railroad construction courthouse, a bank, four called “The Old Glory Jeffers chose his home- recently opened Golden teen to serve troops. In crews spent the winter of churches, many stores and Blowout.” town of North Platte in Spike Tower and Visitor this second incarnation of 1866/1867 in North Platte, shops, a land office, and Due to the great success which to build a “retard- Center is an eight-story the North Platte Canteen, making it the first “Hell on three newspapers. of the Blowout, Cody took er” rail yard. Constantly observation tower over- more than six million Wheels” town along the A division point on the his Wild West Show on updated and expanded, looking the massive service men and women Union Pacific Railroad. railroad, as well as being the road the next year. He North Platte’s Bailey Yard operation. In 2008, North experienced home town By the time construction located in the rich Platte became a world-renowned is now the largest such fa- Platte was named Rail hospitality as they passed moved on to the west, River valley, the town showman and North Platte’s cility in the world, cover- Town USA by an act of through on troop trains. North Platte had about grew steadily. It incorpo- most famous citizen. ing 2,850 acres, reaching a Congress. 25 buildings and 300 res- rated as a village in 1873, The spirit of the Wild total length of eight miles During World War II, Transportation History North Platte is a center- piece of America’s trans- continental transportation history. Several road ranches in the area served pioneers making their way west on the Oregon, California and Mormon Trails. Many of these would also serve the Pony Express as that service was developed. Inspiring and enriching the lives of Nebraskans since 1973 Following the railroad, the Lincoln Highway, ST America’s first transcon- Shadows of War: German-Americans in WWI 21 ANNUAL CAPITOL FORUM CHAUTAUQUA GRANTS PROGRAM tinental road, was mapped Presented by Paul Vickery GOVERNOR’S LECTURE through the Platte River As World War I progressed, German-Americans found ON AMERICA’S FUTURE Valley in 1913. themselves often the target of scrutiny or discrimina- IN THE HUMANITIES The first transcontinen- tion here in the U.S. Why was this group targeted? Pulitzer Prize-Winning Journalist tal airmail route passed What made German-Americans seem to be less loyal to through North Platte in the American/Allied cause? This workshop will look at SONIA NAZARIO February of 1921. Jack the situation facing German-Americans in the U.S. and As we near the 100th September 27, 2016 • Lincoln Knight made his airmail what kinds of anti-German sentiment were practiced in anniversary of the U.S. Lied Center for Performing Arts night-flight, landing -suc Each year, Humanities the United States. Also to be discussed is the changing High school students entrance into World War cessfully on the “lighted Nebraska offers grants to relationship between Germany and the United States across the state study One, there is only one air strip in the middle of and discuss U.S. policy on Chautauqua in the nation non-profit organizations from the late 1800s until the U.S. enters the War and Nebraska.” It was the first climate change, trade, nu- focused on the legacy that are producing public why German-Americans in particular were targeted. lighted airfield in the U.S. clear proliferation, immi- of this largely forgotten humanities programs and Finally, Dwight D. gration, and terrorism. In war. Scholars portraying projects, in visual, verbal, Eisenhower, remembering Winning Hearts and Minds March, delegations gather Woodrow Wilson, William Sonia Nazario will add electronic or live formats. his cross-country trip on Presented by Charles Everett Pace at the State Capitol, where Jennings Bryan, Jane context and a human ele- Major grants (more than $2,000) and media grants the Lincoln Highway as a Since George Creel, America’ s chief war propagandist students have the chance Addams, W.E.B. Du Bois ment to the immigration to question state and na- and Edith Wharton shed debate in a lecture that are awarded twice a year. part of a military convoy in World War I, began the official U.S. effort to use tional elected officials light on the long-reaching Mini grants ($2,000 or less) in 1919, developed the the arts and humanities to advance our national security is free and open to the about a range of issues. effects of the “Great War.” public. are awarded bi-monthly. Interstate Highway Sys- interest we have developed a successful series of public tem, and Interstate 80 programs devoted to “winning hearts and minds” passed by North Platte among the domestic and foreign publics. How did in 1974 when Nebraska Creel and others tap into engaging Americans’ “hearts MUSEUM ON PRIME TIME SPEAKERS BUREAU PARTNERSHIPS became the first state in and minds” in World War I and beyond? What meth- America to complete its ods of propaganda and persuasion were used in World MAIN STREET FAMILY READING TIME mainline Interstate High- War I and how did those methods change over time? way System. How might we apply lessons learned from these en- Today North Platte deavors to “win hearts and minds” in our on-going post remains a railroad town. 9/1l world? How has our connectedness in terms of in- Union Pacific’s Bailey formation led to a sense of disconnectedness from our Yards employs nearly communities? More than 130 speakers In collaboration with other 2500 workers, and more Seven communities across offer hundreds of pro- organizations, HN supports than 1500 retirees continu- Women of World War I the state were chosen This free, reading and grams around Nebraska even more humanities ing to make their home in Presented by Karen Vuranch to host the Smithsonian discussion program helps each year. There is a topic programming. Partner- our community. exhibit, “The Way We under-served kids ages to suit any group, such ships include National World War I was a brutal conflict in which many men North Platte also acts as Worked” in 2015-6. In six to 10 who struggle as current global issues, History Day: Nebraska, a regional healthcare, fi- faced danger and loss of life. But, there were many 2017, Nebraska will be with reading and their world and state history, the free Nebraska Literary women who braved the dangers of the battlefield. From nancial, shopping and en- among the first states to families. Through award- literature, art, music, Tour app (available on tertainment hub for west ambulance drivers to nurses to telegraph operators, host “Water/Ways,” which winning children’s books, and more. Speakers can Google Play and iTunes), central Nebraska. Great women showed bravery in the face of danger during celebrates water as an es- kids learn to love reading, be booked through HN the Nebraska State Poet, Plains Health has recent- World War I. This PowerPoint workshop will explore sential component of life, which causes measurably for any school or other Nebraska Warrior Writers, ly undergone a multimil- the contribution of women during the first great inter- impacting each of us in higher levels of academic non-profit institution at and Humanities Desk lion dollar renovation and national conflict. The workshop will incorporate his- ways simple and profound. achievement for a lifetime. HumanitiesNebraska.org. features on NET Radio. torical photographs and will explore both women’s role addition, and numerous on the battlefield as well as the relief efforts of women banks dot the streets of the on the home front. business district. Support Humanities Nebraska Nebraska Cultural Endowment The Platte River Mall World War I: New Weapons, Old Tactics remains at nearly 100% Humanities Nebraska funded programs in more than 150 The Nebraska Cultural Endowment is pleased to be a occupancy, and new retail Presented by Paul Vickery communities last year, thanks to generous contributions partner with Humanities Nebraska and the Nebraska Arts outlets including such big World War I proved to be a war of transition in terms of from citizens like you. Please consider joining them in Council in ensuring a lasting legacy of arts and box stores as WalMart, the methods of war. The first battles looked more like supporting HN’s many programs that enrich personal humanities programs for all Nebraskans. Congratulations Menards and Hobby Lob- conflicts from the 19th century, but as the War progressed and public life by offering opportunities to thoughtfully to HN for its 2016 Chautauqua season and best by provide many more new technologies were introduced. These new weap- shopping opportunities. ons were ahead of their time when those conducting the engage with history and culture. To make a gift that will wishes to volunteers in Hastings and North Platte for war continued to utilize past strategies of combat. This support HN programming, visit our website or pick up making it possible. To become a partner in Nebraska’s This article was based on workshop explores the basics of trench warfare as well an envelope at our Chautauqua information table. cultural future, contact the Cultural Endowment at the writings of Nellie Yost as new weapons like machine guns, improved rifles, 402-595-2722 or [email protected]. and Deloyt Young. aircraft, tanks, U-boats, and poison gas, among others. PG 10 The Chautauqua Reader 2016 Schedule of Events Welcome to the North Platte Chautauqua! WEDNESDAY-SUNDAY, JUNE 8-12 ★ ★ ALL EVENTS FREE & OPEN TO THE PUBLIC ★ ★ Exhibit at the Prairie Arts Center: ‘Grab The Tow Line’: Lincoln County During The Great War Courtesy of the Lincoln County Historical Museum

MONDAY, JUNE 6 1-5 p.m. Youth Chautauqua Camp, Lincoln County Museum *Preregistration required 2016 WWI TUESDAY, JUNE 7 Chautauqua 1-5 p.m. Youth Chautauqua Camp, Steering Committee Lincoln County Museum Muriel Clark, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 8 co-chair 1-5 p.m. Youth Chautauqua Camp, Jim Griffin, Lincoln County Museum co-chair 5:30 p.m. Meet the Chautauquans, Prairie Arts Cecelia Lawrence Center. Program will begin at 6 p.m. Chuck Salestrom THURSDAY, JUNE 9 Carolyn Clark 10 a.m. “Women of WWI,” Karen Vuranch Kirsten Parker (Adult Workshop), Prairie Arts Center Jennifer Salestrom 1 p.m. “Men of Bronze: Black Units in WWI,” Charles Everett Pace Gene Gilsdorf (Adult Workshop), Prairie Arts Center Ali Adler 1-5 p.m. Youth Chautauqua Camp, Ron Gadke McKinley Education Center, 301 W. F St. 2 p.m. “Picketing the President” Helen Lewis (Adult Workshop), Prairie Arts Center 6:30 p.m. Local Entertainment, Chautauqua Tent, Lincoln County Museum 7 p.m. Paul Vickery as President Woodrow Wilson, Chautauqua Tent 7:30 p.m. An evening with William Jennings Bryan (Ted Kachel), Chautauqua Tent

FRIDAY, JUNE 10 10 a.m. “WWI Weapons,” Paul Vickery (Adult Workshop), Prairie Arts Center 12 noon “Opposition to the Great War,” Ted Kachel (Adult Workshop), After working hard to support Prairie Arts Center the war effort, Lincoln County 1-7 p.m. Youth Chautauqua Camp, citizens greeted Armistice with Chautauqua Tent great enthusiasm, hosting a 2 p.m. “Winning Hearts and Minds,” peace celebration featuring the Home Guard (left). Charles Everett Pace (Adult Workshop), Prairie Arts Center 5:45 p.m. Youth Chautauqua presentations, Chautauqua Tent 6:45 p.m. North Platte Municipal Band, Chautauqua Please Help Us Thank These Generous Contributors: Tent, Lincoln County Museum 7:15 p.m. Paul Vickery as President Woodrow Wilson, Chautauqua Tent 7:30 p.m. An evening with Jane Addams, Chautauqua Tent

SATURDAY, JUNE 11 All Day Heritage Festival, Lincoln County Museum James & Rhonda Seacrest North Platte Public Library (Info: www.lincolncountymuseum.org) Donor Advised Fund 10 a.m. “Post War Relief Efforts,” Helen Lewis, Prairie Arts Center North Platte Public Schools Holiday Inn Express 12 noon “German-Americans in WWI,” (for the McKinley Center) Wal-Mart Paul Vickery (Adult Workshop), Prairie Arts Center Thanks also go to the many generous donors and volunteers whose names were not 2 p.m. “Literature of the WWI Era,” available at press time. Without your help, this wonderful event could not have happened. Karen Vuranch (Adult Workshop), Prairie Arts Center 6:30 p.m. Local Entertainment, Chautauqua Tent PRESENTED BY: 7:15 p.m. Paul Vickery as President Woodrow Wilson, Chautauqua Tent 7:30 p.m. An evening with W.E.B. Du Bois (Charles Everett Pace), Chautauqua Tent

SUNDAY, JUNE 12 All Day Heritage Festival, Lincoln County Museum (Info: www.lincolncountymuseum.org) 2 p.m. “Religion in American Politics: From Bryan to Bush,” Ted Kachel (Adult Workshop), Prairie Arts Center 6:30 p.m. Local Entertainment, Chautauqua Tent 7:00 p.m. Paul Vickery as President Woodrow Wilson, Chautauqua Pavilion 7:30 p.m. An evening with Edith Wharton (Karen Vuranch), Chautauqua Pavilion Download the free Nebraska Chautauqua App at Adult workshops are scheduled to last appoximately one hour. GooglePlay or iTunes for your convenience. The Chautauqua Tent will be located at: Lincoln County Historical Museum, 2403 N. Buffalo Bill Ave. In case of inclement weather, evening programs will be moved to the McDonald-Belton Theatre, Our thanks to The North Platte Telegraph for printing Mid-Plains Community College, 601 State Farm Road. Visit www.NebraskaChautauqua.org for more information. this special edition of The Chautauqua Reader.