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Deep Subsurface S-Wave Velocity Structure of Okinawa Islands, Japan —For Numerical Modeling
DEEP SUBSURFACE S-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF OKINAWA ISLANDS, JAPAN —FOR NUMERICAL MODELING Nobuyuki YAMADA1 and Hiroshi TAKENAKA2 1 Member, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Global Environment and Disaster Prevention, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan, [email protected] 2 Member, Professor, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan, [email protected] ABSTRACT: In this paper, we report the results of an analysis using microtremor array data to estimate a 1D S-wave velocity structure consisting of several layers and an S-wave 3 km/s layer around the Okinawa Islands. The depths of the top of S-wave 3 km/s layer at each site are 0.2 to 0.4 km in northern and western Okinawa Island and Kume Island, and 2.0 to 2.5 km in southern Okinawa Island. The average S-wave velocities of each layer (0.69, 1.10, 2.01, and 3.46 km/s) and the depth of the layer boundary are also presented for the four-layer model based on the estimation results for all locations. Keywords: Okinawa Islands, S-wave velocity structure, Microtremor array exploration 1. INTRODUCTION The Okinawa Islands, located in the center of the Nansei Islands, consist of Okinawa Island, Kerama Islands, Iheya–Izena Islands, Kume Island, and other islands. These areas, especially the southern part of Okinawa Island where the prefectural capital Naha City is located, which is also a densely populated area, needs to be prepared not only for typhoons but also for seismic disasters. According to the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion1), there have been reports of damage caused by M7 class earthquakes in the vicinity of the Okinawa Islands. -
Nansei Islands Biological Diversity Evaluation Project Report 1 Chapter 1
Introduction WWF Japan’s involvement with the Nansei Islands can be traced back to a request in 1982 by Prince Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh. The “World Conservation Strategy”, which was drafted at the time through a collaborative effort by the WWF’s network, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), posed the notion that the problems affecting environments were problems that had global implications. Furthermore, the findings presented offered information on precious environments extant throughout the globe and where they were distributed, thereby providing an impetus for people to think about issues relevant to humankind’s harmonious existence with the rest of nature. One of the precious natural environments for Japan given in the “World Conservation Strategy” was the Nansei Islands. The Duke of Edinburgh, who was the President of the WWF at the time (now President Emeritus), naturally sought to promote acts of conservation by those who could see them through most effectively, i.e. pertinent conservation parties in the area, a mandate which naturally fell on the shoulders of WWF Japan with regard to nature conservation activities concerning the Nansei Islands. This marked the beginning of the Nansei Islands initiative of WWF Japan, and ever since, WWF Japan has not only consistently performed globally-relevant environmental studies of particular areas within the Nansei Islands during the 1980’s and 1990’s, but has put pressure on the national and local governments to use the findings of those studies in public policy. Unfortunately, like many other places throughout the world, the deterioration of the natural environments in the Nansei Islands has yet to stop. -
Island Sustainability and Inclusive Development: the Case of Okinawa (Ryukyu)
Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, v7n2 — Kakazu Island Sustainability and Inclusive Development: e Case of Okinawa (Ryukyu) Islands Hiroshi Kakazu University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan Publication Information: Received 27 September 2018, Accepted 30 October 2018, Available online 31 December 2018 doi: 10.21463/jmic.2018.07.2.01 Abstract Okinawa, the only island prefecture in Japan, hosted the Pacific Leaders Meetings (PALM) three times in the past. The PALM-3 adopted “the Okinawa Initiative on Regional Development Strategies for a More Prosperous and Safer Pacific. Okinawa shares many common development issues with the Pacific island countries/regions including their history and cultural heritages, isolation, fragmentation, resource limitation and vulnerability to natural disasters and outside economic and political impacts beyond their control. As such Okinawa’s situation and experiences can be very useful regarding developing appropriate island models for sustainable and inclusive development. This paper intends to respond to the challenges and opportunities raised in the PALM Okinawa Island Initiative. Particular focus will be on the roles of island culture, tourism and technologies for sustainable and inclusive development. The paper demonstrates that Okinawa’s champuru culture represents not only cultural diversity but also it empowers the local people through healthy lifestyle and warm yuimaru (mutual help) spirits. Okinawa is the only local prefecture in Japan whose population is still growing. There is a no-nonsensical joke that Okinawans will be the last Japanese to survive in the 25th century if the current depopulation on the mainland continues. Keywords Okinawa (Ryukyu) Islands, Pacific leaders meeting (PALM), Champuru culture, sustainable development (SD), sustainable island tourism, carrying capacity of island tourism & the road block, Okinawa’s green technologies, work collaboration 2212-6821 © 2018 Institution for Marine and Island Cultures, Mokpo National University. -
Study on Okinawa's Development Experience in Public Health
Study on Okinawa’s Development Experience in Public Health and Medical Sector December 2000 Institute for International Cooperation Japan International Cooperation Agency I I C Ｊ Ｒ 00-56 PREFACE Recent years have seen a new emphasis on "people-oriented development" through aid in the social development field. Cooperation in the public health and medical sector is becoming increasingly important within this context because of its contributions to physical well-being, which is the basis from which all human activities proceed. Nonetheless, infectious diseases that were long ago eradicated in developed countries are still rampant in developing countries, as are HIV/AIDS and other new diseases. Even those diseases that can be prevented or treated claim precious lives on a daily basis because of inappropriate education and medical care. The government of developing countries, donors, NGOs, and other organizations continue to work to rectify this situation and improve the health care levels of people in developing countries. Japan, as one of the world's leading donor countries, is expected both to improve the quality of its own aid and to take a leadership role in this sector. To help us in this effort, we referred to the history of health and medical care in postwar Okinawa Prefecture. Okinawa's experiences during postwar reconstruction contain many lessons that can be put to use in improving the quality of aid made available to developing countries. In the times immediately following World War II, the people in Okinawa were constantly threatened with contagion and disease due to a lack of medical facilities and personnel, including doctors. -
沖縄 OKINAWA: LIFE & CULTURE on JAPAN’S SOUTHERN ISLANDS Programme Proposal
沖縄 OKINAWA: LIFE & CULTURE ON JAPAN’S SOUTHERN ISLANDS Programme Proposal Thank you for your interest in Walk Japan’s programme 5 NIGHTS OKINAWA: LIFE & CULTURE ON JAPAN’S 6 DAYS SOUTHERN ISLANDS. Please find enclosed the programme proposal. If you have any questions or require further assistance please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected] This programme has been researched and created by Walk Japan Limited. OKINAWA: LIFE & CULTURE ON JAPAN’S SOUTHERN ISLANDS www.walkjapan.com OVERVIEW Walk Japan’s School Programme in Okinawa takes students on a journey through the islands’ fascinating history, from the era of rule under the Ryukyuan kings, through to annexation by Japan and the deadly battles of World War II. From the hustle and bustle of the prefectural capital of Naha, we explore the islands’ most significant spiritual and historical sites, including its poignant Peace Museum, which we tour with a local expert. In the islands’ idyllic, subtropical surrounds, students are also exposed to the customs and beliefs here, which remain distinct from those of the Japanese mainland, with opportunities to witness local music performances and pottery-making, and make delicious traditional sweets. An excursion by high speed ferry to nearby Tokashiki Island offers some of the more enjoyable aspects of island life; its crystal-clear waters, which are perfect for snorkelling and kayaking (weather permitting). PAGE 2 OKINAWA: LIFE & CULTURE ON JAPAN’S SOUTHERN ISLANDS www.walkjapan.com ITINERARY DAY 1 Naha Airport - Naha Arrive mid-afternoon in Naha, the prefectural capital of Okinawa, and transfer to Meals: Dinner our accommodation by monorail. -
A New Subspecies from Miyako-Jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
PhytoKeys 148: 51–70 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.148.48957Sedum formosanumRESEARCH subsp. miyakojimense ARTICLE (Crassulaceae) 51 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Sedum formosanum subsp. miyakojimense (Crassulaceae), a new subspecies from Miyako-jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan Takuro Ito1,2, Chih-Chieh Yu3, Masatsugu Yokota4, Goro Kokubugata2 1 Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan 3 CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China 4 Laboratory of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan Corresponding author: Takuro Ito ([email protected]) Academic editor: Y. Mutafchiev | Received 16 January 2020 | Accepted 24 March 2020 | Published 26 May 2020 Citation: Ito T, Yu C-C, Yokota M, Kokubugata G (2020) Sedum formosanum subsp. miyakojimense (Crassulaceae), a new subspecies from Miyako-jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. PhytoKeys 148: 51–70. https://doi.org/10.3897/ phytokeys.148.48957 Abstract We re-examined the taxonomic status of plants treated as Sedum formosanum (Crassulaceae) from Miyako- jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, using morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetic analyses with related species. In morphology, plants from Miyako-jima Island bore a close resemblance to the other plants of S. formosanum, but differed in being perennial, polycarpic, and having lateral axillary branches. -
Island Tourism : Towards a Sustainable Perspective / Edited by Jack Carlsen and Richard Butler
ISLAND T OURISM Sustainable Perspectives Ecotourism Book Series General Editor: David B. Weaver, Professor of Tourism Management, George Mason University, Virginia, USA. Ecotourism, or nature-based tourism that is managed to be learning-oriented as well as environ- mentally and socioculturally sustainable, has emerged in the past 20 years as one of the most important sectors within the global tourism industry. The purpose of this series is to provide diverse stakeholders (e.g. academics, graduate and senior undergraduate students, practitioners, protected area managers, government and non-governmental organizations) with state-of-the- art and scientifi cally sound strategic knowledge about all facets of ecotourism, including external environments that infl uence its development. Contributions adopt a holistic, critical and interdis- ciplinary approach that combines relevant theory and practice while placing case studies from specifi c destinations into an international context. The series supports the development and dif- fusion of fi nancially viable ecotourism that fulfi ls the objective of environmental, sociocultural and economic sustainability at both the local and global scale. Titles available: 1. Nature-based Tourism, Environment and Land Management Edited by R. Buckley, C. Pickering and D. Weaver 2. Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism Edited by R. Buckley 3. Indigenous Ecotourism: Sustainable Development and Management H. Zeppel 4. Ecotourism in Scandinavia: Lessons in Theory and Practice Edited by S. Gossling and J. Hultman 5. Quality Assurance and Certifi cation in Ecotourism Edited by R. Black and A. Crabtree 6. Marine Ecotourism: Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea C. Cater and E. Cater 7. Ecotourism and Conservation in the Americas Edited by A. -
Opisthobranchia) from the Ryukyu Islands Author(S
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository Title Saccoglossa (Opisthobranchia) from the Ryukyu Islands Author(s) Ichikawa, Marina PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL Citation LABORATORY (1993), 36(3): 119-139 Issue Date 1993-11-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/176229 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Saccoglossa (Opisthobranchia) from the Ryukyu Islands MARINA IcHIKAWA Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria With Text-figures 1-12 and Plates I-II Abstract Saccoglossans collected in the central and southern Ryukyu Islands are described. Of 21 species recorded, II species are described as new: Volvatella angeliniana, Aplysiopsis wrangeliae, Costasiella paweli, C. usagi, C. vegae, C. rubrolineata, C. iridophora, C. kuroshimae, Elysiobranchus ryukyuensis, Elysia .flavipunctata, and E. minima. Key words: Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Saccoglossa, Ryukyu Islands Introduction The order Saccoglossa von Ihering, 1876 ( =Ascoglossa Bergh, 1876; = Monosti choglossa Pagenstecher, 1875) comprises opisthobranch gastropods that, with a few exceptions, feed on algae. They are distinguished by their specialized alimentary system. The radula has a series of single rows of teeth and used teeth are deposited in a ventroterminal sac. The buccal apparatus is specially adapted to a sucking mode of feeding. Saccoglossans are equipped with one pair of rhinophores, are univalved, bivalved or shell-less, and occur widely except for polar regions. Until now 16 species of Saccoglossa have been recorded from the R yukyu Islands of southwestern Japan: Tamanovalva limax Kawaguti, 1959: Kitao ( 1976) Tamanovalva sp. ( = Tamanovalva limax): Kitao (1976) Julia japonica Kuroda & Habe, 1951: Kitao (1976, 1978) J. -
Keramashoto National Park Is Its Clear, Dazzling Blue Waters Dubbed “Kerama Blue.” So Rare Is the Area’S Sea That a Portion Has Been Designated As a Ramsar Site
An invitation to paradise: Kerama Blue sea and idyllic islands beckon 23 Keramashoto Located approximately 40 kilometers west of Naha, the capital of Okinawa, the Kerama Islands were originally part of the mountain range connected to the northern region of the main island of Okinawa. National Park Due to movements of the earth’s crust, the region sank, resulting in the approximately 30 islands and reefs that make up the area today. The park, of which approximately 96 percent is ocean, was designated as a national park on Japan’s Coral Day (March 5) in 2014. The highlight of Keramashoto National Park is its clear, dazzling blue waters dubbed “Kerama Blue.” So rare is the area’s sea that a portion has been designated as a Ramsar site. The park is a cradle of life that nurtures a diverse assortment of living creatures: Colorful fish flock in great numbers to the dense colonies of coral, sea turtles swim leisurely through the azure waters, and from winter to spring hundreds of humpback whales visit the area for the mating season. Within the park, beautiful beaches and white sand are yours to discover, as well as breathtaking 200-meter-long marine-eroded cliffs, a ria coastline and vegetation endemic to windblown regions. The islands’ walking trails and observatories allow you to easily enjoy the glories of the four seasons and rare wildlife as you explore. Approximately 1,600 people live in villages and settlements dotting four of the Kerama Islands. Experience the culture of the Ryukyu Kingdom, Okinawa’s place in wartime history, and the relationship between the people of Kerama and the islands through the islanders, all while enjoying the leisurely pace of island life. -
The Senkaku Islands*1
This article was translated by JIIA from Japanese into English as part of a research project sponsored by the Government of Japan to promote academic studies on the rule of law. JIIA takes full responsibility for the translation of this article. To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your personal use and research, please contact JIIA by e-mail ([email protected]) Citation: Rule of Law Series, Japan Digital Library (March 2015), http://www2.jiia.or.jp/en/digital_library/rule_of_law.php The Senkaku Islands*1 Kentaro Serita I. Geographical Scope The Senkaku Islands were incorporated into Japan in 1895. “The Senkaku Islands” is the collective term that refers to a group of islands that includes Uotsuri Island, Kitakojima Island, Minamikojima Island, Kuba Island (Kobisho Island), Taisho Island (Sekibisho Island), Okinokitaiwa Island, Okinominamiiwa Island, and Tobise Island. The islands lie about midway between Okinawa’s Naha area and China’s Fuzhou. Their total land area is about 6.3 sq. km, with the largest island, Uotsuri Island, having about 3.6 sq. km. Apart from the period when Japanese people inhabited it, the Senkaku Islands were, and are still, uninhabited. The islands were thought to have no valuable natural resources, and therefore, escaped the world’s attention. This changed in the autumn of 1968, when the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) (now renamed ESCAP) released a report of a geophysical survey led by Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese scientists of the vast area of the East China Sea. The ECAFE report concluded the possibility of prolific oil reserves on the seafloor roughly 200,000 sq. -
OPEN COAST S YOUR JAPAN SPECIALISTS OKINAWA ISLAND S KERAMA ISLANDS S YONAGUNI ISLAND S the SUNKEN LOST CITY California Seller of Travel: #2062607-40 S P.O
______________________________________________________________________________________ YONAGUNI MONUMENTS – DIVING ITINERARY Overview Japan’s most exhilarating dive expedition awaits. Explore Naha, Okinawa Island’s bustling capital city. Dive and kayak around the Kerama Islands chain and delve in to the mystery of Japan’s ancient underwater ‘lost city’, the Yonaguni Stone Monuments. Yonaguni Island is also home to wild roaming horses, dense jungle and three awamori (Okinawan whiskey) factories. By visiting three islands you’ll experience first-hand three separate and distinct cultures within Okinawa Prefecture. Days: 11 Destinations: Okinawa Island, Zamami Island, Yonaguni Island Boat Dives: 16 Group Departures: May & October Days 1 & 2: Leave country of origin, cross the International Date Line and arrive in Tokyo or Osaka on day two. Clear customs and board the connecting domestic flight to Naha, Okinawa’s capital. Stay for one night at a luxury hotel located in the heart of the city center, catch some great nightlife and experience the Okinawan culture. Day 3: A 45-minute boat ride brings you to lush green, subtropical Zamami Island. Upon arrival you’ll be taken to the dive resort. After lunch, enjoy the first few boat dives and then settle in for a three-night stay. Accommodations are quaint, comfortable and moments away from white sandy beaches. Day 4: Three more boat dives. Other sports such as fishing, kayaking, windsurfing and hiking are also available. Day 5: Gear up for two more boat dives after breakfast and spend the day touring around the island. The locals are very friendly and the village is small enough to navigate easily. Weather permitting your hosts will throw a farewell BBQ at sunset before departing the following day. -
Coral Reefs of Japan
Okinawa Islands 6-1-4 (Map 6-1-4) Province: Okinawa Prefecture Location: Okinawa Is. and neighboring islands, including; Iheya, Izena, Aguni, Tonaki, Kume Is., and Kerama Islands. Air temperature: 22.7˚C (annual average, in Naha City) Seawater temperature: 25.0˚C (annual average, at off Naha) Precipitation: 2,036.7 mm (annual average, in Naha) 6-1-4-① Total area of coral communities: 6,980 ha Total length of reef edge: 382.2 km Protected areas: Okinawa Kaigan Quasi-National Park: centering on west coast of Okinawa Is. and whole Kerama Islands; Marine Park Zones: 1 zone in Okinawa Island and 2 zones in Kerama Islands. km 0 1 Nago City 0 Okinawa Is. 本部半島 部瀬名岬 Cape Busena Motobu Peninsula Motobu Town 沖縄海岸海中公園 Okinawa Kaigan MP 恩納村 Onna Village 瀬底島 Sesoko Is. Chinen Village 水網島 Iejima (Is.) Iejima (Is.) 6-1-4-① Naha City 那覇港 Naha Port 6-1-4-④ 阿嘉 Aguni Is. Aka ハテノ浜 Hatenohama 6-1-4-③ Kume Is. 0 ２km Iheya Is. Oshima (Is.) 6-1-4-⑤ 0 ５km 6-1-4-⑥ Gushikawa Is. Tonaki Is. 0 ２km Izena Is. 慶良間諸島 Kerama Islands 6-1-4-② Zamami Is. 座間味海中公園 Zamami MP Yakabi Is. 0 ５km Maejima (Is.) Amuro Is. Akajima (Is.) Tokashiki Tokashiki Is. Geruma Is. 6-1-4-③ 6-1-4-④ 6-1-4-⑤ Fukachi Is. 渡嘉敷海中公園 Tokashiki MP 6-1-4-⑥ 6-1-4-② Kuba Is. 0 ５km 06 Coral Reefs of Japan less than 5 % at all the stations (Sakai, unpublished data). a. Okinawa Island Although there were numerous Acropora recruits after (Map 6-1-4-①) 1998 mass-bleaching event, and exceeded 20 colonies per m2 at some stations, survival was low and was reduced to less than 10 per m2 in 2003.