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Socio-Economic Status of Pineapple Growers in Moulvibazar District of Bangladesh

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Socio-Economic Status of Pineapple Growers in Moulvibazar District of Bangladesh Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 38(8): 152-161, 2020; Article no.AJAEES.59666 ISSN: 2320-7027 Socio-Economic Status of Pineapple Growers in Moulvibazar District of Bangladesh Tumpa Datta1*, Jiban Krishna Saha1, Mohammad Ataur Rahman2, Muslima Akter3 and Md. Rashid Ahmed1 1Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh. 2Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. 3Department of Agricultural Economics and Policy, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author TD designed the study, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors JKS and MAR supervised and co- supervised respectively as well as edited the work. Author MRA reviewed the literature and assisted to prepare the manuscript. Author MA managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AJAEES/2020/v38i830398 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Ian McFarlane, University of Reading, UK. Reviewers: (1) Alemu Degwale Yimer, University of Gondar, Ethiopia. (2) Sukheimon Passah, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, India. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/59666 Received 01 June 2020 Original Research Article Accepted 06 August 2020 Published 01 September 2020 ABSTRACT Socio-economic indicators are significant for determining the overall lifestyle of the Pineapple Growers. The study examines the different socio-economic variables of the pineapple farmers. The researchers selected the Sreemangal upazila of Moulvibazar district purposively and primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire during 2017-2018 cropping season from one hundred pineapple growers (small, medium and large) following simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics include frequency, sum, average, percentage and ratios were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that majority of the farmers were in small (44 percent) and medium (30 percent) categories and average farm size was 2.130 ha. Most of the pineapple growers were _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Datta et al.; AJAEES, 38(8): 152-161, 2020; Article no.AJAEES.59666 middle aged (31-40 years old) while a little portion of them were older aged (greater than 60 years). It was found that 81 percent of the respondents were married in the study area. In addition, almost all farmers (95 percent) were literate and more than sixty percent of them had primary education. Averagely, a family consists five members and above three members are dependent to their family in the study areas. Majority of the respondents had 11-20 years of farming experience and the primary occupation of them (91 percent) was agriculture including pineapple cultivation. Moreover, a significant portion of farmers received training from government agricultural extension office whereas around one sixth of pineapple farmers received credit from both public and private banks as well as from NGOs. However, Extension office need to provide more and effective training facilities to the pineapple farmers for profitable production, simplification of buying, selling, renting and leasing of land to reduce production cost as well as different incentive packages can be introduced by the government for encouraging unemployed youth people to engage in pineapple production. Keywords: Socio-economic profile; pineapple; growers; Moulvibazar; Bangladesh. 1. INTRODUCTION pineapple was 23.28 metric tons in 2015-16. It occupies 9.05 Percent of the total garden area Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a well-positioned under fruits in Bangladesh. Among all the fruits rd fruit in the world since its trade is oriented produced in the country, pineapple ranks 3 in towards developed countries such as Japan, the terms of total garden area under fruits cultivation USA and the European Community. The [4]. pineapple is the third most important tropical fruit th crop, contributing to over 20 percent of the world Sylhet division is the 4 most pineapple production of tropical fruits [1]. Besides nutritional producing division in Bangladesh after Dhaka, and medicinal benefits, it has a potential export Chattagram and Mymensingh. In Sylhet division, market and has got a unique position in the world pineapple has been grown at several districts fruit market with a leading commercial production namely, Moulvibazar, Habiganj, Sylhet and st [2]. Due to its excellent flavor and taste, it is Sunamganj. Among them, Moulvibazar ranks 1 known as the queen of fruits [3]. in terms of pineapple producing district under Sylhet division [5]. All areas of Bangladesh are In Bangladesh pineapple is one of the most not equitably suitable for Pineapple production. important commercial fruit crops among all other But soil and climatic condition of some areas are minor crops [4]. It contains considerable amount much more suitable for profitable pineapple of calcium, potassium, vitamin C, carbohydrates, production. Sreemangal upazila under crude fiber, water and different minerals that is Moulvibazar district is one of such areas. In good for the digestive system and helps in Sreemangal, pineapple production is the main maintaining ideal weight and balanced nutrition source of income for many farmers. Moreover, [1]. Although Bangladesh is not a tropical pineapple covers approximately 70 Percent of country, the subtropical monsoonal climatic the production of the fruits in Sreemangal [6]. condition and the soil of many parts of The juicy and tasty fruit has been growing Bangladesh are much more suitable for abundantly in that area since Pakistan period, pineapple production. At least ninety varieties of which is known as 'pineapple village'. At that pineapple are cultivated in the world. In time, there was no intention among the growers Bangladesh, however, three varieties (Giant to make profit out of the pineapple cultivation. Kew, Honey Queen and Ghurasal) of pineapple The situation has now changed and the local are mostly grown. Although the environment of residents are cultivating it on massive scale. Bangladesh is suitable for pineapple cultivation, it Locally grown pineapple has a great demand abundantly grows in some districts, namely outside the district [6]. Tangail, Rangamati, Mymensingh, Gazipur, Chattogram, Khagrachari, Bandarban, However, Madhupur upazila of Tangail district is Moulvibazar, Sylhet and Dhaka [5]. Each year a the largest pineapple producing upazila in huge amount of pineapples is produced Bangladesh covers the maximum amount of extensively in this country. Bangladesh produced pineapple production per year [5]. In comparison 2,08,401 metric tons of pineapple in 2017-18 to this upazila, pineapple production is much from 14259.91 ha of land [5]. Export figure of lower in Sreemangal and farmers are unable to 153 Datta et al.; AJAEES, 38(8): 152-161, 2020; Article no.AJAEES.59666 gain profit from it. Whereas, an acre of land that cultivation and 40 percent of the cultivators were may not produce cereals worth of TK. 5000 may having one to three acres of land. It was also bring Tk. 30000 through the production of noted that ADO’s, Panchayat Personnel, Society pineapple in Bangladesh [2]. Besides, Pineapple personnel and input dealers were the growers of Sreemangal upazila are reluctant to cosmopolite source whereas friends, neighbours, invest in pineapple production. The existing and village leaders as localize sources of farm knowledge gap on the socio-economic factors information for pineapple growers [10]. influencing pineapple production which might have a negative impact on the investment motive Thus, it is crucial to analyze socio-economic of pineapple growers in target upazila. factors of individual farmers which provide a clear-cut comprehensive idea about the Given the backdrop, a study revealed that the composition of the respondents that may help the mean age, education and experience of the rice researcher and policy maker to suggest better farmers was 46.04, 7.54 and 22.16 years location-specific plausible solutions for the respectively. The majority of the farmers owned improvement of efficiency. Therefore, the authors small (54.44 percent) and medium-sized (41.11 made an effort to assess the socio-economic percent), had agriculture as their primary status focuses on average farm size, age, occupation (99.44 percent), cultivated rice on educational profile, farming experience, family their own lands (71.94 percent). Results found size, dependency ratio, occupational and marital that 67.22 percent and 81.11 percent of the status, training facilities and access to farmers had contact with extension agencies and institutional credit of pineapple farmers in had access to institutional credit [7]. Another Sreemangal upazila of Moulvibazar district. study formed to determine the impact of pineapple cultivation on the socio-economic There are limited researches especially status of pineapple growers of Madhupur upazila regarding the socio-economic status of the under Tangail District. Most of the respondents pineapple farmers in Sreemangal upazila. were middle-aged (49.3 percent), had a primary Hence, providing pertinent information through level of education (56 percent), possessed
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