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Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) AID-388-A-12 Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) AID-388-A-12-00007 Strengthen the Capacity of Co-Management Institutions December 2013 USAID’s Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) Project Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) Institutional Mapping for CREL AID-388-A-12-00007 December 2013 Edited by: Abu Mostafa Kamal Uddin The Study Team Abu Mostafa Kamal Uddin Paul Thompson Darrell Deppert Shahzia Mohsin Khan Md. Shams Uddin Utpal Datta Faisal Moarafur Rasul This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the sole responsibility of the CREL project and do not necessarily reflect the views USAID or the United Government. Winrock International Page i Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) Institutional Mapping for CREL AID-388-A-12-00007 December 2013 Table of Contents Table of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... iii Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Community Organizations and Co-management of Forest PAs ................................................................... 2 Community Organizations and Co-management of wetlands and ECAs in Hail Haor ................................ 4 Wetland Co-Management Bodies ................................................................................................................. 8 CREL modality for strengthening the capacity of co-management institutions’ .......................................... 9 Annex 1: Genesis of forest and wetland co-management in Bangladesh ................................................... 11 Annex 2: Co -management organizations and lessons learned ................................................................... 12 Annex 3: Detailed Assessment of CMOs for capacity building and sustainability- CREL ........................ 16 Annex 4: Sreemongol Meeting on CMO legacy and way forward ............................................................. 17 Winrock International Page ii Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) Institutional Mapping for CREL AID-388-A-12-00007 December 2013 Table of Acronyms CMC Co-management Committee CMO Co-management Organization CREL Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods ECA Ecologically Critical Area FD Bangladesh Forest Department FRUG Federation of Resource User Groups IPAC Integrated Protected Area Co-Management MACH Management of Aquatic Ecosystems through Community Husbandry MOFL Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock MOL Ministry of Land MoU Memorandum of Understanding NRM Natural Resource Management NSP Nishorgo Support Program PA Protected Area PF People's Forum RMO Resource Management Organization RUG Resource User Group VCF Village Conservation Forum VCG Village Conservation Group Winrock International Page iii Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) Institutional Mapping for CREL AID-388-A-12-00007 December 2013 Introduction USAID’s Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) project (AID-388-A-12-00007) is implemented by an experienced consortium of partners led by Winrock International and including Tetra Tech, Inc., the World Fish Center, National Conservation Management (NACOM), and the Community Development Center (CODEC). CREL’s partnership also includes local government and community partners including the Bangladesh Ministry of the Environment and Forests (MoEF), specifically the Department of the Environment (DoE) and the Forest Department (FD); the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL), specifically the Department of Fisheries (DoF); the Bangladesh Ministry of Land (MoL); the Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS), and the Centre for Natural Resources Studies (CNRS). “Improved governance of natural resources and biodiversity” is one of four mutually-reinforcing components of CREL. Forest and wetland ecosystems are both preponderant and crucial within the environmental context of Bangladesh as well as providing for and protecting the homes and livelihoods of millions of Bangladeshis. These critical ecosystems are experiencing continual degradation due to a variety of interrelated causes including illegal logging, poaching, and other forms illegal exploitation, over-utilization of resources, pollution, urban expansion, regulatory failures, and elite capture. Land and resource governance has played a substantial role in all of these issues, leading to calls for establishing a system of management that are efficient and sustainable. Participatory management has taken place in Bangladeshi forests since the early 1980s and in wetland areas since the 1990s. However, co-management of designated Protected Areas (PAs) was only initiated in 2003 (see Annex 1). CREL is working for forest and wetland management to improve governance. One of the activities to attain an intermediate result of improved governance is strengthening the capacity of co-management institutions, which is laid out in CREL’s activity plan with the following specific deliverables: 1. Modified co-management institutional arrangements elaborated and tested; 2. Studies commissioned on the management of funds 3. Co-management architecture; 4. PFs registered under social welfare; 5. VCFs registered with cooperatives 6. Fishermen’s cooperatives supported Through expert consultations and reviews of the existing CMOs, the CREL team identified most appropriate ways of tailoring and strengthening existing co-management institutions to ecosystems and site-specific needs, for example modifying CMO design and government orders and registration for becoming a formal group to work together for the purpose of harnessing livelihoods along with serving for sustainable NRM. CREL is developing a legal basis for community organizations that are engaged in co-management and developing their capacity to participate as functional and equal members of co-management committees (CMCs). CREL is registering groups of Village Conservation Forums (VCFs) as cooperatives that will enable these groups to function as joint enterprises to better represent their collective self-interest while providing incentive for VCF members to remain active in their respective forums and continue contributing to self-managed, sustainable Natural Resource Management (NRM). VCFs will be approached for assimilation into new or existing cooperatives based on their internally- and externally Winrock International Page 1 Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) Institutional Mapping for CREL AID-388-A-12-00007 December 2013 assessed readiness and capacity level. CREL will also provide other advisory support to VCFs, such as encouraging VCFs to merge in cases where two such forums exist in a single village. CREL will help these institutions establish more direct and appropriate roles, rights and responsibilities for community organizations over designated parts of wetlands or forests, and enhance coordination in wetland systems and ECAs. Fisher’s cooperatives will also be supported to increase their accountability to stakeholders and their ability to manage fisheries sustainably. CREL will help tailor the best possible composition of particular CMO tiers like CMC, Resource Management Organizations (RMOs), People’s Forums (PFs), VCF, Village Conservation Groups (VCGs), Forestry Committees (FCs) etc. and strengthen them so that they are able to carry out future projects under strengthened NRM. Community Organizations and Co-management of Forest PAs CBOs In the vicinity of a forest, the Village Conservation Forum (VCF), occupies the lowest tier of community organization in regards to forest co-management. Large numbers of VCFs were formed during the Co Management Committee Other Government Forest Dept. Agencies Co Management Council Govt. Institution Resource Local Users Ins’ Government Companies / NGOs Policy Support Rep. of Indigenous Civil Society Peoples’ Credit Communit Seed Inputs Forum Training Market Access Community Youth Patrolling Conservation Group Club Village Village Village Village Conservation Conservation Conservation Conservation Forum Forum Forum Forum Fig. 1. Co‐management institutions in forest PAs Winrock International Page 2 Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) Institutional Mapping for CREL AID-388-A-12-00007 December 2013 implementation of CREL’s predecessor project, Integrated Protected Area Co-Management (IPAC) but these organizations received little official sanction and so remained informal groups. To date, VCF membership is largely linked to past livelihood initiatives under IPAC, and so were not clearly organized for NRM, Their ability to represent their communities effectively on CMCs is accordingly limited. CREL will support VCFs (and peer organizations like Fishers’ Cooperatives) and will facilitate registering these groups as cooperatives to be more supportive to the members in collectively working to generate resources and distribute the benefit among the members. The VCF members are natural resource dependent population of the village not in a position to access into the PA legally, but practically they are collecting fuel woods for their consumption and some of them are deriving their livelihoods to some extent. It is necessary to support and facilitate these people to have livelihoods outside the PAs and
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