National History Day Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Allitt, Frances. “Sputnik-1 Model Goes into Orbit at New York Auction Selling at 15 Times Estimate.” Antiques Trade Gazette, Antiques Trade Gazette, ATGMedia, 21 July 2016, ​ ​ www.antiquestradegazette.com/news/2016/sputnik-1-model-goes-into-obit-selling-at-15-tim es-estimate/. ​ This was an image that I used on my timeline, it turns out that the Soviet Scientists used the stand so that they could work on the satellite more easily.

Oprihory, Jennifer-Leigh. “Sputnik 1 Becomes World's First Man-Made Earth Satellite, Sparks US Aerospace Insecurity.” Defense & Aerospace Report, 9 Oct. 2016, ​ ​ defaeroreport.com/2016/10/08/sputnik-1-becomes-worlds-first-man-made-earth-satellite-s parks-us-aerospace-insecurity/.

This was an image that I used for a background but I could see how the scientist was so deep in his work. He was staring at the satellite intensively.

Parks, Jake. “Explorer 1 Anniversary Marks the Start of the American Space Age.” Astronomy.com, 31 Jan. 2018, astronomy.com/news/2018/01/explorer-1. ​ This was an image that showed me what Explorer 1 looked like. I didn’t know what I was expecting but I got an image in my head of what Explorer 1 looks like.

Poe/Wikipedia, Joanna, et al. “Sputnik and the Birth of the Space Age.” New Atlas, 16 Aug. ​ ​ 2019, newatlas.com/sputnik-60th-anniversary-space-age/51292/.

Even though I couldn't understand much of the blueprints, I could get the general layout of the satellite and could see that managing and launching a satellite is a lot of work.

“Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich: Vital Activity and Biography - Story - 2020.” Sodium ​ Media, ​ en.sodiummedia.com/4033628-tikhonravov-mikhail-klavdievich-life-activity-and-biography.

This was the first time that I saw the image of Mikhail Tikhonravov, and you can see the devotion in his eyes.

Interviews

Land, Chris.

This interview was one of my most useful source because I figured out the challenges of the

Secondary Sources

“Astronauticsnow.com.” History of Sputnik. Explorer. Vanguard. 1957. 1958. First Space ​ Launch. Artificial Satellite., www.astronauticsnow.com/sputnik/index.html. ​ ​ ​ These were some of the rockets that would be launched in the future. This image shows the evolution of the rockets.

Dunbar, Brian. “Stories of Missions Past: Early Explorers.” NASA, NASA, 18 Mar. 2015, ​ ​ www.nasa.gov/topics/history/features/explorer1.html. ​ This was an image I found and I saw that NASA created a whole different approach on the satellites.

Everette, Dianne, and Dennis Mcbryde. “Sputnik 3 In Orbit Art Print by Detlev Van Ravenswaay.” Fine Art America, 19 Feb. 2020, ​ ​ fineartamerica.com/featured/2-sputnik-3-in-orbit-detlev-van-ravenswaay.html?product=art-print.

This was an image that I used for my timeline. This was the first time I saw Sputnik 3, just like Sputnik 2 I never saw before I did the timeline.

Harford, James. “Chronology of Sputnik/Vanguard/Explorer Events 1957-58.” NASA, ​ ​ NASA, 27 Jan. 2005, history.nasa.gov/sputnik/chronology.html.

All the events in my timeline were based on this website. This website stated the events in order so I could understand it. This was probably one of the most useful websites.

“International Space Hall of Fame :: New Mexico Museum of Space History :: Inductee Profile.” New Mexico Museum of Space History, 2015, ​ ​ www.nmspacemuseum.org/halloffame/detail.php?id=25. ​ I learned some background information about this site about Mikhail Tikhonravov. One thing that I learned a lot was that he had a passion for space and getting Sputnik 1 done.

Kramer, Herbert. “ISEE-3 / ICE (International Cometary Explorer) Mission.” ISEE-3 / ICE - ​ Satellite Missions - EoPortal Directory, 2002, ​ directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/i/isee-3.

I got this image of Explorer 3 and I used it in my timeline.

Krebs, Gunter. “Explorer: DE 1, 2.” Gunter's Space Page - Information on Spaceflight, ​ Launch Vehicles and Satellites, space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_de.htm. ​ I got this image for explorer 2 and I used it in my timeline.

Moskowitz, Clara. “How Sputnik Changed the World 55 Years Ago Today.” Space.com, ​ ​ Space, 4 Oct. 2012, www.space.com/17894-sputnik-anniversary-changed-the-world.html. ​ ​ This quote supports my thesis and states that the Sputnik 1 satellite was a technical achievement.

Nedkova, Kristina. “Page 2.” Satellite One, sputnik.tass.com/sputnik_one/. ​ ​ This was a useful site because I learned a lot of starter information about Sputnik 1 and the satellites' purpose.

“Sputnik 1 in Orbit, Illustration - Stock Image - C024/7445.” Science Photo Library, ​ ​ www.sciencephoto.com/media/660058/view/sputnik-1-in-orbit-illustration. ​ This was a background image that I used.

“Sputnik.” NASA, NASA, 10 Oct. 2007, history.nasa.gov/sputnik/. ​ ​ This was one of the first websites that I used. When I started to research if I wanted the Sputnik 1 topic, I started with this one. The website showed what the barrier was for Sputnik 1. It was a technological barrier and this is where I got the idea of that barrier.

“Sputnik.” NASA, NASA, history.nasa.gov/sputnik/. ​ ​ This quote states that the Sputnik 1 satellite was a technological advancement. This quote shows how the satellite shocked the whole world

“Sputnik 3.” Sputnik, sputnikinthespacerace.weebly.com/sputnik-3.html.

I got an image of sputnik 3 and by looking at this picture, I know that this had to be one of the most complicated satellites.

Strickland, Jonathan. “How Sputnik Worked.” HowStuffWorks Science, HowStuffWorks, 27 ​ ​ Jan. 2020, science.howstuffworks.com/sputnik.htm.

I learned on this website how the Soviets learned to make a satellite orbit the Earth. Falling and falling and falling in a continuous motion. They followed Sir Isaac Newton's theory on ​ orbiting. “Sputnik 1.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Feb. 2020, ​ ​ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1.

This quote gives a description of the satellite and gave me an understanding of the satellites exterior, like how it was made of aluminum.

“50th Anniversary of the Space Age.” 50th Anniversary of the Space Age, 2007, ​ ​ web.archive.org/web/20110916051640/www.nasa.gov/externalflash/SpaceAge/index.html. ​ I searched on the internet and then found this website. This gave almost a timeline in words starting from the beginning to the end.

“The Blue Marble.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Feb. 2020, ​ ​ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blue_Marble.

This was an image from a satellite and helped me view how images were viewed from space.

“Tikhonravov, Mikhail Klavdievich.” Tikhonravov, 2017, ​ ​ www.russianspaceweb.com/tikhonravov.html. ​ This quote showed me Mikhail Tikhonravovs passion towards making the first satellite. He graduated from many positions to be the leader of the satellite.

Wall, Mike. “Sputnik 1! 7 Fun Facts About Humanity's First Satellite.” Space.com, Space, 2 Oct. ​ ​ 2017, www.space.com/38331-sputnik-satellite-fun-facts.html. ​ ​ This was a very useful website because it gave me some starter information when I started to research.

Zak, Anatoly. “Design of the First Artificial Satellite of the Earth.” Sputnik Design, 4 Oct. ​ ​ 2017, www.russianspaceweb.com/sputnik_design.html. ​ ​ This image showed me some of the major components in the Sputnik 1 satellite, and just from looking at the picture, it was really complicated.

Zak, Anatoly. “Sputnik Launch Vehicle .” Sputnik Launch Vehicle 8K71PS (M1-1PS), 18 ​ ​ May 2019, www.russianspaceweb.com/sputnik_lv.html. ​ ​ This image showed me the rocket Sputnik. This image showed me that even though the satellite was an achievement, the rocket was just a technical achievement as well.

Zell, Holly. “Radiation Belts with Satellites.” NASA, NASA, 23 Mar. 2015, ​ ​ www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/gallery/20130228-radiationbelts.html. ​ This image showed me the capability of the satellites, and how the satellite explorer 1 finds the belts, and how brief explorer 4 was able to map them.