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Client: Consultant: S.M. CONSULTANTS Plot No. 130, S.M. Tower, Mancheswar Industrial Estate Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, 751010, ODISHA - : (0674)2580682-85, Fax-2580686

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung (43/129 km)-Longpi Kajui (79/552 km) Road on NH 202 BIODIVERSITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... ii LIST OF TABLES ...... iii LIST OF FIGURES ...... iii Chapter 1: Shiroi National Park ...... 2 1.1 INTRODUCTION...... 2 1.2 ABOUTS...... 2 1.2.1 Project Corridor ...... 2 1.2.2 Significance ...... 3 1.2.3 Basic Information ...... 3 1.2.4 Flora ...... 3 1.2.5 Fauna ...... 4 1.3 PROTECTED AREA AND ZONATION ...... 4 .1.3.1 Core Zones/Critical Wildlife Habitat ...... 6 1.3.2 Eco-Development zone/Eco-Sensitive zone ...... 6 1.4 BIODIVERSITY IN SHIROI NATIONAL PARK ...... 6 1.4.1 Floral Species ...... 6 1.4.2 Fauna ...... 17 Chapter 2: Mitigation Measures ...... 24 2.1 GENERAL ...... 24 2.2 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 24 2.2.1 For Flora ...... 24 2.2.2. For Fauna ...... 25

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Basic Information about the Shirui National Park ...... 3 Table 2: Zone Classification of the National Park ...... 4 Table 3: Forest Classification in the Protected Area ...... 7 Table 4: AGRODIVERSITY IN SHIRUI ECO-SENSITIVITY BOUNDARY ...... 8 Table 5: Habitat Use in the National Park...... 18 Table 7: Detail of trees within formation width of the proposed alignment ...... 24

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location Map ...... 2 Figure 2: Core Zone of Shirui National Park ...... 5 Figure 3: Eco-sensitive Zone of Shirui National Park ...... 5 Figure 4: Classification of Forests in the Manipur State ...... 6 Figure 5: Forest Map of Manipur State ...... 7

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SHIROI NATIONAL PARK

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CHAPTER 1: SHIROI NATIONAL PARK

1.1 INTRODUCTION Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) through National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd. (NHIDCL) (the “Authority”) intends to develop the national highways of the state. As a part of this endeavour, the Authority has decided to undertake the two laning of the following roads through EPC basis.

. Yaingangpokpi-Nagaland Border Road on NH 202 in the state of Manipur

The project stretch comes under the Shirui National Park from design chainage of 43.129 km to 79.552 km. The biodiversity of the particular project stretch needs to be studied for minimising the adverse effect during the construction process

ESZ BOUNDARY

SHIROI NATIONAL PARK BOUNDARY

PROJECT ROAD

Figure 1: Location Map 1.2 ABOUTS 1.2.1 Project Corridor The road starts at the Yaingangpokpi near Gwaltabi and ends on Nagaland Border on NH 202. The entire road passes through hill terrain. The land use pattern observed along this road is built-up, agricultural land, and barren land. The Eco Sensitive Zone of the Shiroi National Park starts from Hungpung (43.129 km) to Longpi Kajui (79.552 km). The total length of the project stretch that comes under the ESZ Boundary is 36.423 km. Along the section within the ESZ boundary, we

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1.2.2 Significance Shirui National Park is a national park located in the state of Manipur in . It was established in 1982. Among the animals that make their homes here include the tragopan, the tiger and leopard. It is here that the famous shirui lily (Lilium maclineae) grows naturally. The main peak of Shirui abounds with flowers during the monsoon and it is a veritable paradise.

The Shirui Kashong Peak near is a marvelous hill top view point located at a height of 2,835 meters above sea level.

A number of rivers originate from the cracks and slopes of this peak. The exotic Shirui lily flower (Lilium mackliniae) blooms on the hilltop in the month of May - June. The flower attracts hundreds of scientists and tourists every year.

SHIRUI LILY" flower is rare and famous flower in the world. It is rare because it cannot be transplanted. Shirui Lily flower is a seasonal flower plants. Its best blooming season is in the month of May and June. The peak season of its bloom is in between 15th May to 5th June. The height of the plant is between 1 to 3 ft. or 30 to 90 cms tall and 1 to 7 flowers per plant. In early years one could see even up to 11 / 12 flowers per plant, which is very rare now and will hardly find. Shirui Lily is native to Manipur and the species belongs to the liliane family distributed in the damped alpine areas of Shirui peak. The flower is light pinkish in colour.

1.2.3 Basic Information Table 1: Basic Information about the Shirui National Park

Area 100 sq. km Date of 25/11/1982 (proposed & settlement proceeding not yet completed) Establishment. District Ukhrul Altitude 1715m . 2567 m (Shiroi) M.S.L Temperature Avg.2.80C to 330C. (occasional snowfall) Forest type East Himalayan wet temperate Forests.

1.2.4 Flora As many as 5 (five) Quercus species and 7 (seven) Rhododendron species at the upper ridges are found in the Park. The other dominating species are Michelia manipurensis; Magnolia cambellii; Pinus kesiya; Castanopsis species; Phoebe hainesiana etc. Most importantly, the unique and endemic ground lily locally known as Shiroi Lily (scientific name: Lilium macklinae).

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1.2.5 Fauna The sanctuary supports 42 species of mammals, 74 species of aves, 29 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibia, 86 species of fishes.

Mammals :- Hoolock gibbon; Himalayan Black bear; Barking deer; Sambar; Leopard; Jackal; Migratory Indian elephant along Indo-Myanmar,; Pangolin; Wild boar; Jungle cat; Flying squirrel, Martens; Clouded leopard; Golden cat; Slow loris; Hog badger; Serow; Stump tailed macaqe; Bison; Otter; etc.

Birds: - Jungle fowl; Parakeet; Mrs. Humes barred backed pheasant; Blyths tragopan; Horn bills etc.

Reptiles:- Tortoise; Viper; Krait; Cobra; Python; Land monitor lizard, Green snake; Rat snake; Varanus; Buff striped keelback etc.

Amphibia: - Salamandar

Reptiles: - Python, cobra etc.

1.3 PROTECTED AREA AND ZONATION The Protected Area is divided into 2(two) zones of influence based on ecological boundaries.

Table 2: Zone Classification of the National Park

Sl. Zones Area in sq.km. No.

Core Zone/Critical Wildlife 1 25 Habitat Eco-Development Zone/Eco- All the forest areas within a radius of 5 km 2 Sensitive Zone to 10 km from the periphery of the Protected Area excluding the eastern part as it is in Myanmar side i.e. 598 sq. km.

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Figure 2: Core Zone of Shirui National Park

Figure 3: Eco-sensitive Zone of Shirui National Park

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.1.3.1 Core Zones/Critical Wildlife Habitat These zones are to provide complex protection and conservation to some areas against all forms of biotic interference for conservation of Bio-Diversity and to allow natural course of ecological succession. The area in the core zone is 25 sq. km.

1.3.2 Eco-Development zone/Eco-Sensitive zone All the forest areas within a radius of 5 km to 10 km from the periphery of the PA are included in this zone. Area covered is around 598 sq. km. This is also known as Multiple-use Zone where Wild Life and people derive their benefits

1.3.3 Tourism Zone Tourism activities would be confined within this zone to avoid disturbance in the other parts of PA as well as to regulate tourist movements on the prescribed tourism roads in specific areas. The existing forest roads are adequate to cater to the needs of the tourists.

1.4 BIODIVERSITY IN SHIROI NATIONAL PARK 1.4.1 Floral Species This national park represents the North-Eastern mountainous floral and fauna species. It is an ecosystem representing the mountainous Biodiversity as the park is located in hills of Manipur.

Figure 4: Classification of Forests in the Manipur State

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Figure 5: Forest Map of Manipur State

Table 3: Forest Classification in the Protected Area

Sl.No. Type of Forest

1 Evergreen Forest

2 Pine Forest

3 Deciduous Forest

4 Grassland

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Table 4: AGRODIVERSITY IN SHIRUI ECO-SENSITIVITY BOUNDARY

CROP PLANTS

Approx Local Status Community/ Scientific Local Cropping Crop Variety Landscape/Habitat Area Kowledge Name Name Season Shown Past Present Holder

February- Farmer’s Maize Zea mays Mathei Local Terrace NA Rare Rare June Club

Oryza June- Farmer’s Rice Zaat Local Terrace NA Plenty Plenty sativa November Club

June- Farmer’s Soya Bean Glycine max Theirathei Local, JS-335 Terrace and Jhum NA Rare Plenty September Club

Solanum Khurfi February- Farmer’s Potato Terrace NA Rare Plenty tuberosum Megha June Club

Feb-April, Brassica Rare Ball, Farmer’s Cabbage Gobi Jhum and Terrace NA Rare Plenty June-Aug, oleracea Green Hero Club Sept-Nov

Brassica Snow white, Farmer’s Cauliflower Gobiwon Jhum and Terrace NA Rare Rare Sept-Nov oleracea Pushasharad Club

Zingiber Farmer’s Ginger Hui Local Jhum NA Rare Rare Feb-Nov officinalis Club

Capsicum Jhum, Backyard and Farmer’s Chilly U-Morok Local NA Plenty Plenty Feb annum Terrace Club

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Approx Local Status Community/ Scientific Local Cropping Crop Variety Landscape/Habitat Area Kowledge Name Name Season Shown Past Present Holder

Brassica Farmer’s Broccoli Everest Jhum and Terrace NA Nil Rare Sept-Nov oleracea Club

Dolichos Dolichospur August- Farmer’s Local Terrace NA Rare Rare Bean pureus October Club

French Phaseolus Local and Farmer’s Jhum NA Rare Rare Feb-April Bean vulagaris Anupama Club

Colocasiaes Farmer’s Colocassia Hankopai Local Jhum, Terrace NA Plenty Plenty May-Oct culenta Club

May-July, Pisum Arkel and Farmer’s Garden Pea Terrace, Jhum NA Rare Plenty Aug-Oct, sativum Azad Club Oct-Dec

Cucurbitam Farmer’s Pumpkin Khaimathei Local Jhum NA Rare Rare March oschata Club

Chow- Sechium June- Farmer’s Local Backyard NA Plenty Plenty Chow edule November Club

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CROP PLANTS

Appro Local Status Community Scientific Landscape/Habita Cropping Crop Local Name Variety x Area / Kowledge Name t Season Shown Past Present Holder

Santarosa, Prunus Plum/Heikhathe Farm Area, Home Abundan Abundan May- Knowledge Plum grrenage, NA Domestica i stead etc. t t August holder Alfaalfa etc.

Pyrus China smith, Farm Area, Home Abundan Abundan Knowledge Pear Pear/Naspati NA July-August Communis Ligonti etc. stead etc. t t holder

Pyrus malus, Kashimiri, Royal delicious, Farm Area, Home August- Knowledge Apple Malus Apple Vence Delicious NA Rare stead etc. October holder pumila, Low chilling Malus variety etc. sylvestries

Passiflora Passio Passi Passion edulis Farm Area, Home Abundan Abundan May- NA Community n Fruit floraedulis fruit/Sitaphal (purple/yellow stead etc. t t November )

Early cream, Peach/ Prunus Early Amber, Farm Area, Home Abundan Peach Mayangthei/ NA Rare May-July Community percica stead etc. t Local variety Chumbrei etc.

Musa Banana/Mothei Hill Banana Farm Area, Home Abundan Abundan Throughou Banana paradisiac NA Community stead etc. t t t the year a /Laphoi Local

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Appro Local Status Community Scientific Landscape/Habita Cropping Crop Local Name Variety x Area / Kowledge Name t Season Shown Past Present Holder

Juglans Walnut/ Local, Eureka Abundan Abundan Oct- Walnut Farm Area NA Community regia Shilangthei etc. t t December

Early revers, Prunus Cherry/ Farm Area, Home Abundan Abundan Cherry Local, NA March-May Community avium Saharthei stead etc. t t Australian etc.

WEEDS

Local Status Communit Approx Local Affected Landscape Cropping y/ Crop Scientific Name Impact Area Name crop /Habitat Season Kowledge Shown Past Present Holder

Herb Cyperus difformis Aquatic

Herb Sciprus spp. Aquatic

Herb Echinochloa crusgalli Aquatic

Herb Echinochloa colonum Aquatic

Herb Monocharia spp. Aquatic

Herb Ageratum conyzoides Open Forest

Herb Borreria hispida Open Forest

Herb Erigeron Canadensis Open Forest

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Local Status Communit Approx Local Affected Landscape Cropping y/ Crop Scientific Name Impact Area Name crop /Habitat Season Kowledge Shown Past Present Holder

Herb Imperata cylindrica Open Forest

Herb Osbeckia crinite Open Forest

Herb Panicum oxymum Open Forest

Herb Phragmatis spp Open Forest

Saccharum Herb Open Forest spontaneum

Herb Solanum app Open Forest

Herb Canabis sativa Open Forest

Eupatorium Shrub Kambirei Forest odoratum

Shrub Lantana camara Namthibi Forest

Oori Shrub Mikania Cordata Forest Hingjabi

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MEDICINAL PLANT

Approx Local Status Community/ Scientific Crop Local Name Variety Landscape/Habitat Area Kowledge Name Shown Past Present Holder

Creeper Sitabolt Passiflora edulis - Cultivated NA Rare Reduced Whole village

Most of the Tree Shakshathei Phyllantus niruri - Deciduous forest NA -do Same village

S.Z.Terasa Achyranthus Herb Phanang - Roadside, fallow NA Abundant Same aspera S.Z. Ramnganging

Most of the Tree Khamkhuithei Rhus japonica - Forest NA Abundant Reduced village elders

Ranunculus Herb - - Field, wet places NA -do- Same S.Z. Teresa sceleratus

Some of the Tree Kachangna Taxus baccata - Forest NA Rare -do- villager

Herb Kongreihan Centella asiatica - Field, Wet places NA Abundant -do- Whole village

Field and shady Herb Hanvanthan Plantago erosa - NA Abundant Reduced Whole village places

Fallow, cultivated, Oxalis Most of the Herb Shaithur - dry land, roadside NA Abundant Reduced corniculata village elders etc.

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Approx Local Status Community/ Scientific Crop Local Name Variety Landscape/Habitat Area Kowledge Name Shown Past Present Holder

Eupatorium Most of the Herb Nagana - NA Rare Abundant odaoratum village elders

Herb Chongkha - - NA Abundant Reduced Village elders

Gynura Most of the Herb Japan Kaho - NA Abundant -do- cusimba village elders

Elacocarpa Most of the Tree Khashumthei - NA Rare -do- floribundus village elders

TIMBER PLANTS/ TREES

Local Status Community/ Plant Wild/Home Scientific Name Local Name Habitat Kowledge Type Garden Past Present Holder

Tree Albizia lebbeck Uil Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Tree Alnus nepalensis Pareng-Nagavaithing Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Bauhinia Tree ChingthraoAngangba Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri purpurrea

Bauhinia Tree ChingthraoAngouba Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri variegate

Casatanopsis Tree Shahi Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri hystrix

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Local Status Community/ Plant Wild/Home Scientific Name Local Name Habitat Kowledge Type Garden Past Present Holder

Tree Cedrella serrate Chingtairel Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Chukrassia Tree Taimareng Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri tabularis

Cinnamomum Tree Ushingsha Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri zeylanicum

Tree Emblica officinalis Heikru-Shakshathei Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Tree Erythrina indica Kuraoangangba Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Tree Ficus cunii Hei-rit Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Tree Ficus religiosa Khongnang(sana) Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Tree Juglans regia Heijuga-Shilangthei Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Magnolia Tree U-thambal Forest Abundant Insufficient Wild Manipuri grandiflora

Microcos Tree Heitup-Theitupthei Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri paniculata

Michelia Tree Leihao Forest Abundant Insufficient Wild Manipuri champaca

Tree Michelia doltsopa Leihao-leishang Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

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Local Status Community/ Plant Wild/Home Scientific Name Local Name Habitat Kowledge Type Garden Past Present Holder

Nephalium Tree Nonganghei Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri longana

Tree Parkia javanica Yongchak Cultivated Abundant Rare Home Garden Manipuri

Tree Pinus kesiya Uchan-Matang Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Phoebe Tree Uningthou-Mafathing Forest Abundant Rare Wild Manipuri hainesiana

Tree Prunus domestica Heikha Forest Abundant Abundant Home Garden Manipuri

Tree Quercus spp. Uyung-Shilimthing Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Rhdodendron Tree Chingleihao-Kokliwon Forest Abundant Rare Wild Manipuri arboretum

Tree Rhus succedanea Heimang-Khamkhuithei Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Tree Schima wallichii Usoi-Masuithing Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Tree Cedrella toona Tairel Forest Abundant Abundant Wild Manipuri

Tree Taxus baccata Kachangna Forest Abundant Rare Wild Manipuri

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1.4.2 Fauna The limited bio-diversity found in the forests of Shiroi National Park comprises of tigers, leopards, wild boar, deer and antelopes. The Park is also famous for some unique species of birds such as Blyth’s tragopan, Mrs. Hume’s bar backed pheasant, owls, vultures, warblers, pheasants, tits and eagles. The Park provides an undisturbed ecosystem to the wildlife of the region. The animals and birds dwell in the small forests at the Indo-Myanmar border, within the Park.

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Table 5: Habitat Use in the National Park

DOMESTIC ANIMALS

Local Status Community Animal Scientific Method of Common/Local Name Breed Features Uses Knowledge Type Name Keeping Past Present Holders

Meat & Cattle Cow/Sei/Shan Bos taurus Local Medium Cowshed Abundant Less Tangkhul milk

Jersey/ Jersey Sei/ Improved Cattle Bos indicus Big Cowshed NO Few Milk Tangkhul Jersey Shan variety

Meat & Buffalo ploughing Cattle Buffalo/ Silui/Eroi Babulis Local Big Abundant Less Tangkhul Bath Paddy fields

Inside & Meat & Canis Dog Dog/Fa/Hui Local Medium Outside Abundant Less guarding Tangkhul Domesticus the house the house

Capra Kept at Goat Goat/Meh/Hameng Less Less Meat Tangkhul hircus farm

In the To keep Cat Cat/Lami/Haodong Felis catus Local Medium Common Less Tangkhul house away mice

Bamboo & Gallus Poultry Common/Fowl/Har/Yen Medium wood Common Less Meat Tangkhul Gallus enclosure

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Local Status Community Animal Scientific Method of Common/Local Name Breed Features Uses Knowledge Type Name Keeping Past Present Holders

Properly Gallus Improved set up Poultry Chicken Broiler/Har Big No Few -do- Tangkhul domesticus variety close by the house

Poultry Chicken Coiler/Har Gallus spp. Big -do- NO Few -do- Tangkhul

CULTURE FISHERIES

Method Local Status Community Animal Common/Local Scientific Name Variety Features of Uses Knowledge Type Name Keeping Past Present Holders

Supplied Paddy Common by Carps Cyprinus caprio Medium field & Many Less Edible Tangkhul carp/Puklaobi Fishery pond Deptt.

Grass carp/ Ctenopharyngodon Carps -do- Medium -do- Many Less Edible Tangkhul Napichabi idella

WILD ANIMALS

Local Status Communit Season Animal Common/Local Scientific y Habitat Descripton when Mode of Hunting Type Name Name Past Presen Knowledg seen t e Holders

Carnivore Wild Boar/ Siva Sus scrofa Forest Looks like Winter Abundant Rare Weapon & Traps Tangkhul Pig with

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Local Status Communit Season Animal Common/Local Scientific y Habitat Descripton when Mode of Hunting Type Name Name Past Presen Knowledg seen t e Holders tapering snout

Insectivor Porcupine/ Rikra/ Hyrix Earth Body Winter Abundant Rare Traps Tangkhul e Shabou Hole covered with spines

Primate Monkey/ Nayong Macaca Tree Body Whole Abundant Rare Weapons Tangkhul mullata covered Year with hair

Primate Hoolock/ Farifara/ Hylobates Tree Body Whole Abundant Rare Weopons Tangkhul Yongmu Hoolock elongated Year covered with hair

Insectivor Wild Rat/ Kafa Rattus spp. Earth Big Whole Abundant Rare Traps Tangkhul e Hole Year

Herbivore Red Deer/ Chao Cervus app. Forest Big Whole Rare Rare Weapon & Traps Tangkhul Year

Carnivore Wolf/ Ramfa Canis lupis Forest Medium Whole Rare Rare Weapon Tangkhul size Year

Omnivore Squirrel/ Siluk Funambulus Forest Medium Whole Rare Rare Weapon Tangkhul spp. size Year

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Local Status Communit Season Animal Common/Local Scientific y Habitat Descripton when Mode of Hunting Type Name Name Past Presen Knowledg seen t e Holders

Bird Mrs. Hume’s Syrmaticus Shiroi Medium Whole Endanger Rare Weapon/Trap Tangkhul Pheasant/ humiae Peak colourful Year ed Nongin/Rikshira Bird

Bird Jungle Fowl/ Gallus spp. Forest Big Whole Abundant Rare Weapon & Traps Tangkhul Ramhar Year

Bird Bulbul/Rumok Pycnonotus Forest Medium Whole Abundant Rare Catapult/Indigeno Tangkhul jocosus Year us glue monticols

Bird Hornbill Dichoceros Forest Big Seasonal Rare Rare Weapon Tangkhul

Reptile Python/Rarei Python Forest Big Whole Rare Rare Weapon Tangkhul molurus Year

Reptile Tree Dendrilaphis Forest Long & Whole Rare Rare Stick Tangkhul Snake/Sinaphara app Medium Year

Reptile Blind Snake/ Typhlopsver Forest -do- Whole Rare Rare Stick Tangkhul Nakhok mi cularis Year

Primates Slow Loris/ Nycticebus Forest Medium Whole Rare Rare Weapon Tangkhul Khanongsa/ coucang Year Yonglkaithibi

Carnivore Jungle Felis chuas Forest -do- Whole Rare Rare Traps & Weapon Tangkhul Cat/Lamhadong/Kh Year ara

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Local Status Communit Season Animal Common/Local Scientific y Habitat Descripton when Mode of Hunting Type Name Name Past Presen Knowledg seen t e Holders

Bird Trush/ Shiri Turdus feae Nearby Small Migratory Abundant Rare Catapult & Tangkhul fruit indigenous glue trees

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MITIGATION MEASURES

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CHAPTER 2: MITIGATION MEASURES

2.1 GENERAL Roads and traffic impact wildlife in a variety of ways. In some animal populations, they enhance mortality, limit mobility, fragment populations, and decrease habitat amount and quality, resulting in a limitation on food, shelter, and space availability, all fundamental to species' survival. Those impacts and associated mitigations are becoming a major focus of research in conservation, namely in significant and emerging fields such as landscape and road ecology. In this chapter, we describe the main effects of roads on terrestrial vertebrates as well as a variety of mitigation measures that have been widely used for different topography: crossing structures, dry ledges, fencing, right-of-way escape ramps and noise barriers.

A very few section i. e., 2.39 km of the road project pass through the core zone and 36.423 km comes within the ESZ boundary of the Shirui National Park. The total area affected due to the project road is 133.882 sq km.

2.2 MITIGATION MEASURES 2.2.1 For Flora The number of affected species during the road construction are tabulated below Table 6: Detail of trees within formation width of the proposed alignment

Chainage (km) Side Section Total From To Left Right

Hungpung- 43.129 79.552 8057 7335 15392 Longpi Kajui

To minimise negative impacts on the vegetative cover the contract documents should specify that:

 all wood building material for workers’ housing should be brought from outside the project area;  workers should be supplied with non-wood fuels such as kerosene or liquefied petroleum gas for the duration of the contract;  all contract equipment and plants should be cleaned to the satisfaction of the project engineer in charge prior to their relocation to project sites;  during site clearance, care should be taken to ensure that the minimum area of vegetation area is affected; and  water sprinkling of trucks used as construction vehicles should be properly and regularly undertaken, so that dust deposition problem on vegetation are minimised.

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2.2.2. For Fauna The project stretch near to the core zone of the national park is close to habitant area. So, the wildlife movements are negligible in the stretch. So, it is expected no wildlife is to be encountered during the road construction. Still the safety of the fauna in and around the stretch is to be taken care of. The following points should be taken care of during and after construction of the project road:

 Enough road signs should be provided for safety of both road users and animals  Protection measures should be taken care of during construction process to avoid trapping of animals in the construction area  Barriers and CUP must be provided for safe passage of the animals  Hunting or poaching should be restricted and should be punishable by any person involved in the construction process