US Foreign Assistance

The US spends $35 billion on foreign aid . . . but where does the money really go? The provided approximately

$35 billion

in economic aid to over 140 countries in fiscal year 2014.

In the following map the relative size of each country is proportionate to the aid received from the US and the color of each country indicates GDP per capita.

Not all aid is distributed equally Of the $35 billion of total economic aid distributed, almost a quarter of Funding by Region funds went to five countries. • Africa: 20% • : $3.1 billion • East Asia and Pacific: 2% • : $1.5 billion • Europe and Eurasia: 2% • Afghanistan: $1.1 billion • Near East: 20% • : $1.0 billion • South and Central Asia: 7% • : $933 million • : 4% • General Aid: 45% Israel- all $3.1 billion was used for military financing. Egypt- $1.3 billion of $1.5 billion received was used for military-related activities as well.  Afghanistan, Jordan, and Pakistan- majority of funds were used for economic development purposes.

Of the $35 Billion…..

$8.4 billion (24%) was used towards global health programs, $5.9 billion (17%) was used for foreign military financing, $4.6 billion (13%) was used for economic support, and $2.5 billion (7%) was used for development assistance.

U.S. State Government 2013-2015 Foreign Assistance report Of 142 countries receiving aid out of the 188 countries listed with the International Monetary Fund in 2014…

approximately 76% of the world received some form of economic assistance from the U.S.

 the majority were located within Africa and the Near East. Health: $3.1 billion on HIV/AIDS about a fifth of the foreign aid budget; "Maternal and Child Health,“ $530 million; and malaria, at about $470 million. "Pandemic Influenza and Other Emerging Threats“ receives the least funding, about $66M. Funding for the U.S. Ebola response counts as emergency assistance and is not included in the budget.

Economic Development: $2.7 billion about a sixth of foreign aid money. Economic development mostly includes infrastructure projects, such as building roads, expanding electricity and improving phone and Internet access.

Humanitarian Assistance: The majority is earmarked for "Protection, Assistance, and Solutions" — a vague title that refers to caring for refugees who've fled from conflicts. The money feeds and houses the refugees and sometimes covers shelter and migration costs. A tiny amount from this category goes toward disaster readiness.

Overseas Contingency Operations: finishing up projects that the U.S. already started. For example, in 2013, the U.S. spent $2.1 billion on foreign aid in Afghanistan, even though only $700 million was allocated in the federal budget.

Emergency assistance: like the aforementioned Ebola. Africa Economics Seminar Series

Combining Pre-School Quality Interventions with Parenting Education: A Cluster Randomized Trial Thursday, January 14 | 12:30-2:00 | J-8-044

SUMMARY The majority of children who attend preschool in poor countries attend informal ones, which are often staffed by teachers with low levels of education and minimal formal training. We evaluate a government program in Malawi, which focused on improving quality at community-based childcare centers (CBCCs) and complemented these efforts with a group-based parenting support program. Children attending centers assigned to the combined group (teacher training and parenting) benefited from the program in the short term (at the 18-month follow-up, when they were 4.5 to 6.5 years old); they had significantly higher scores in measures of language and socio-emotional development when compared with either the comparison group or with teacher training alone. These effects were concentrated among children of educated mothers. Significant improvements at the CBCC level relating to classroom resources and organization, and teacher behavior did not translate into improvements in child outcomes in the remaining study arms. In spite of these early program benefits, a rich battery of assessments, conducted 36 months after baseline, shows no treatment effects among the children when they were 6-8 years old. Hence, the program did not achieve its short-term goal of greater primary school readiness. International Monetary Fund

The Treasury Department leads the U.S. Government's engagement in the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

The IMF is an organization of 188 member countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. The Secretary of the Treasury serves as the U.S. Governor to the IMF, and the U.S. Executive Director of the IMF is one of 24 directors who exercise voting rights over the strategic direction of the institution. The U.S. is the largest shareholder in the Fund. Meg Lundsager is currently the U.S. Executive Director. Goals and Indicators

Education For All EFA

Millenium Development Goals MDGs https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=NkAv9L1_r1M

Sustainable Development Goals SDGs https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=A5giOGjj5X8 Multilateral Development Banks: Overview

• World Bank Group • International Bank for Reconstruction and • Primarily middle-income governments, also some Development (IBRD) creditworthy low-income • International Development Association (IDA) • Low-income governments • Private sector firms in developing countries (middle -and • International Finance Corporation (IFC) low income countries) ------• Middle -income governments, some creditworthy • African Development Bank (AfDB) low -income governments, and private sector firms in the region ------• Middle-income governments, some creditworthy low- • Asian Development Bank (AsDB) income governments, and private sector firms in the region ------• Primarily private sector firms in developing countries in • European Bank for Reconstruction the region, also developing -country governments in the and Development (EBRD) region ------• Middle-income governments, some creditworthy low- • Inter-American Development income governments, and private sector firms in the Bank (IDB) region Countries That Give The Most In Foreign Aid Statistics

Percent of GDP Committed to Foreign Aid Percent Country of GDP to Aid 1 0.99 % 2 0.88 % 3 0.82 % 4 0.80 % 5 0.50 % 6 0.48 % 7 Ireland 0.43 % 8 0.43 % 9 0.43 % 10 Switzerland 0.42 % 11 0.42 % 12 0.38 % 13 0.38 % 14 0.32 % 15 0.29 % 16 0.27 % 17 0.25 % 18 0.21 % 19 0.20 % 20 0.20 % 21 United States 0.19 % State Dept. Foreign Programs

• Fulbright Foreign Student Program • Hubert Humphrey Fellowship Program

 The Fulbright Foreign Student Program  This is a non-degree scholarship program for enables graduate students, young international experienced professionals professionals and artists from abroad to wishing to undertake 10 months of academic study and conduct research in the United study in the US. Although the funding States. The Fulbright Foreign Student doesn’t support degree qualifications, Program operates in more than 155 students are able to study and develop their countries worldwide. Approximately 4,000 knowledge at academic institutions across foreign students receive Fulbright the nation. each year.  Approximate annual budget of $10 million  Proposed State Department budget of $46.2 billion but unprecedented 13 percent budget cut to 30 million, from the proposed. Short-Term Training and Exchange Programs  Participating foreign governments co-fund the program, together with private sources,  Teachers, Language Training, etc. usually 3 to the tune of about $100 million a year. weeks to 3 months in duration.

Various Dept. Sector Training and Exchange Programs Former Fulbright Heads of State/Government

• David Granger, President of Guyana (2015-Present) • Alejandro Toledo Manrique, President of (2001-2006) Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Progam, 1995-1996 Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program, 1984 • Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic, President of Croatia (2015-Present) • Giuliano Amato, Prime Minister of Italy (2000-2001) (1992-1993) Fulbright Scholar 2002-2003 Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1962 • Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera, President of Costa Rica (2014-Present) • Jamil Mahuad Witt, President of (1998-2000) Fulbright Foreign Student, 1978 Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1988 Fulbright Scholar in Residence, 1983 • Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Prime Minister of (1996-1997) • , President of Afghanistan (2014-Present) Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program, 1980 Fulbright-Hays Program, 1985 • Lamberto Dini, Prime Minister of Italy (1995-1996) • Garry Conille, Former Prime Minister of Haiti (2011-2012) Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1957 Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1998 • Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of (1995-2003) • , President of (2010-Present) Fulbright Seminar Programs, 1986 Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1980 • Ingvar Gosta Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1994-1996) (1986-1991) • Iveta Radičová, Former Prime Minister of Slovak Republic (2010-2012) Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1960, 1997 Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program, 1999, 1998 • Abdul Ghani Abdul Aziz, Prime Minister of Yemen (1994-1997) • Sebastián Echenique Piñera, President of (2010-2014) Fulbright Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1974, 1973 • Pascoal Manuel Mocumbi, Prime Minister of (1994-2004) • John Evans Atta Mills, President of (2009-2012) Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1961 Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1970 • Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1993) • Colville Norbert Young, Governor General of Belize (1993-Present) Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1951 Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program, 1992, 1991 • Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1993-1996) (1981-1989) • Sidi Mohamed Boubacar, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2005-2007) (1992- Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program, 1959 1996) • Hyun Seung-Jong, Prime Minister of (South) (1992-1993) Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1981 Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1955 • Marek Marian Belka, Prime Minister of Poland (2004-2005) • Lee Hyun Jae, Prime Minister of Korea (South) (1988) Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1979, 1978 Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1971 • Gerard R Latortue, Prime Minister of Haiti (2004-2006) • Lee Han Key, Prime Minister of Korea (South) (1987) Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program, 1963 Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1955, 1954 • Beatriz Merino Lucero, Prime Minister of Peru (2003) • Zelman Cowen, Governor General of Australia (1977-1982) Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1976 Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program, 1953 • Zlatko Lagumdzija, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and • Wallace E Rowling, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1974-1975) Herzegovina (2001-2002) Fulbright Foreign Teacher Exchange Program, 1955 Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program, 1988 • Kofi Abrefa Busia, Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972) • Ivy Leona Dumont, Governor General of the Bahamas (2001-2005) Fulbright Foreign Student Program, 1954 - See more at: Fulbright Foreign Teacher Exchange Program, 1962 http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable- fulbrighters/heads-stategovernment#sthash.8v25NXqW.dpuf Winners

Eighty-two Fulbright alumni have won a total of 88 Pulitzer Prizes, which has honored excellence in American journalism and the arts since 1917.

One Fulbright alumnus, Edward Albee, has won a Pulitzer three times. Three Fulbright alumni - John Updike, David Herbert Donald and Richard Hofstadter - have won twice.

Nobel Laureates

53 alumni of the Fulbright Program from 14 countries who have been awarded the for their contributions to humanity. Technology Applications https://www.facebook.com/1000070 01688100/videos/170119667012370 6/?fref=nf