LIBRARY his is an abbreviated report. It does not aim to describe in detail the manifold activities of the Anti- Defamation League of B'nai B'rith for the year 1946. These activities are quite fully set forth in the Annual Report submitted to the Executive Committee of B'nai B'rith. Herein, however, we aim merely to present some of the highlights of the activities which, passing in review before the delegates to this 18th Supreme Lodge Con- vention of the B'nai B'rith, will reveal for them a picture of the extent of League activities in the past and afford a glimpse of where it is now and where it is going. In the interim period between the last Supreme Lodge Session and today, we have submitted comprehensive accounts. These have been circulated to District Grand Lodges and District officials. The need to conserve time dissuades us from lengthy repetition of activities here- tofore recorded. For more specific information, however, concerning any particular departmental activity, the delegates are referred to these earlier reports.

National Director * * ****** the resurgence of the KKK, the brazen demagoguery of the Columbians, the frustrating revela- tions that racial and religious quotas in colleges con- tinued their mockery of intellectual freedom . . . big newspaper stories, these. They wove an opaque pattern of persistent anti-Semitism. Only an ostrich mind would presume that racial and religious prejudice suffered any death blows during 1946. The military defeat of Nazi Germany did not toll the knell of domestic fascism. An appraisal of organized anti-Semitism in 1946 indicated that a significant sec- tion of the American public continued to be infected with hatred for group minorities. The same noisy, pre- war claque of professional bigots were on hand, operat- ing through various anti-Semitic and otherwise un- American fronts. With 10,000,000 veterans to proselyte they were harder at work than ever. The hate movement was strengthened by an under- structure of more than 70 regular propaganda publica- tions and supported by a large volume of miscellaneous leaflets, pamphlets and books—misleading and gener- ally filled with scurrilous libels. The professional bigot relied, in large part, upon the printed word because of his opportunity to make use of special mailing privileges allowed to the general press by the United States Post Office Department. (Thus, the federal government finds itself in the curious position of partially underwriting, in effect, the cost of hate publications!) Throughout the year there were many instances of malicious vandalism perpetrated against minorities, and human dignity was stained with dishonor by an out-

3 break of lynchings in the South. There was sufficiently strong evidence to prove the tie-ups and systematic co- operation among the forces of bigotry working in con- cert to make the most of their obstructionist tactics. Yet, there is another side to the picture. It is im- portant to note that no nationwide organization or domi- nant personality appeared to command the discordant elements of native fascism. Heartening, also, was the fact that although more than 70 new anti-Semitic groups had been organized since V-J day, most of them were "letterhead" organizations with little following except that which they gathered from the lunatic fringe. Or- ganized anti-Semitism was still at a low ebb, generally viewed with disdain and considered to be unfashionable. More troubling, however, were the indications of a growth in subtle forms of anti-Semitism which mani- fested itself in prejudice and discrimination. Increased college enrollments tended to accentuate the problem of discrimination at colleges and universities. Tension areas rose where the housing problem in large cities up- set the established neighborhood patterns. Resorts and hotels sought new devices to conceal a growing policy of discrimination. In other instances, the pattern of ex- elusion appeared to have split over into civic, business and political circles, isolating the Jewish group from their community. It is not intended to embellish this review with statis- tical analyses to accentuate any conclusions about the year 1946. The very nature of ADL's program is not, in itself, designed to fit neatly into graphs and charts. Nor, for that matter, can it be minutely evaluated every 365 days.

4 Consider: During 1946 ADL sponsored 7,000 public addresses by outstanding lecturers; they were heard by roughly 1,000,000 persons. If these are numbers we can chart, they hardly tell the story. How many among the one million-audience were persuaded toward a more militant approach to social problems? Again, how many children who participated in interfaith activities re- dedicated their youthful minds toward lasting brother- hood? These are the facts that count! Regrettably, there is no yardstick to measure them. Except, perhaps, this: Those who labor in the field of human relations acquire through long experience a sen- sitized "feel" in these matters. Thus, we can say, if 1946 was a bad year that witnessed anti-Semitic and generally anti-democratic tensions, it was contrariwise, also a good year because there were indications that more and more alert Americans have begun to sense a danger—and they are doing something about it. Since 1913, when a brilliant Midwestern lawyer named Sigmund Livingston recognized the need for an organized defense against the tide of malicious anti- Jewish sentiment and zealously labored to found the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, it has been the League's principle to wield the positive weapon of edu- cation as the most progressive means of accomplishing its purpose. The long-range effectiveness of this policy cannot be determined in a week, a month or even a year. Only a retrospective study can reveal the strength and overall success of such a program. Today, in America, there are more efforts on a com- munity level to improve human relations than ever be- fore. Willing, volunteer workers have shed their an- tipathy and are aroused to the need for strengthening the

5 democratic fibres of the republic. This reawakening toward a greater appreciation of the American concept of democracy is a measure of the success of such efforts as ADL's. There are other aspects, too. The press, the radio and other media of mass communication are giving more and more attention to the problem. The pulpits of all faiths have become a sounding board for a better America. Progress is slow, often dishearteningly so, in a pro- gram designed to break down deep-rooted religious bar- riers, to counteract the purposeful, shrewdly-manipu- lated propaganda of hate-mongers and to promote a better understanding and harmony among all groups. But it is positive progress.

* death of Sigmund Livingston, on June 13, 1946, marked the passing of a fine personality. His deep interest in the dignity of man and his devotion to B'nai B'rith and the League won for him the respect and admiration of all who knew him. As founder and first national chairman, he worked unceasingly to promote the policy and prestige of ADL. His loss is untimely and saddening; he has left us his high principles and his warm, human philosophy as an everlasting heritage. ADL is truly his monument. To commemorate his devoted service, the League has created the Sigmund Livingston Annual Memorial Fel- lowships. Annual grants of $2,000 each will be made to ten pre-doctoral or post-doctoral students planning future work in the field of interfaith and interracial un- derstanding. The awards will be distributed through

6 five major American universities. At the time of this writing Harvard University, New York University and the University of Chicago were the first schools selected. Each will have two fellows. In December, 1946, Supreme Court Justice Meier Steinbrink of New York, then chairman of the Eastern Regional Board of Directors, was elected to the national chairmanship of ADL.

ADL 1946 was a period of transition. The war's aftermath of rising racial and religious ten- sions, coupled with the continued use of anti-Semitism as a political device by ambitious "little Hitlers" in this country, magnified the need for a reorganization of the League's internal structure. This complex task—it ne- cessitated a complete overhauling of the organizational framework—was planned and concluded during the year. With its revised make-up, the League's multi-depart- mental activities now are coordinated to achieve a more cohesive working unity. From this solid footing, the League's projects can be systematically planned to reach the widest possible audience. Governed by its National Commission, and staffed by more than 250 specialists and clerical workers, ADL now operates through four major functional units, here described in brief.

its title implies, the Administrative Division directs the internal activites, or "housekeeping" duties,

7 of the League. It is charged with the responsibility of resolving budgetary problems and maintaining a com- petent clerical and professional staff. It counsels with the National Commission, the Boards of Directors in New York and Chicago, and various regional and sub- committees in establishing ADL policy on major issues. The Division also directs a newly-activated Depart- ment of Institutional Public Relations which began op- eration in 1947. This department was established to handle public relations on a national scale in order that ADL as an institution of public service will be better known to the general public.

.fight against bigotry poses a complex problem '״י** * The Legal and Fact-Finding Division is the League's instrument for examining and analyzing the develop- ment of that problem. Its functions are three-fold: it charts the pattern of organized and stimulated anti- Semitism and other un-American activity; it provides organizations, newspapers, magazines and other agen- cies with its findings; it is of service to public agencies investigating and prosecuting lawless acts against racial and religious minorities. Major fact-finding activities during 1946 centered on the Ku Klux Klan, the Columbians, a host of small-fry fascist groups and the sudden birth of several large "nationalistic" organizations led and supported by men with dubious records. In the instances of the Klan and the Columbians, a vast amount of factual evidence con- cerning their mobilization and subversive activities was gathered by ADL men. This material was submitted to

8 government officials, newspaper editors and radio com- mentators who were thus able to prosecute and expose them with a combined impact. In May, 1946, the Legal and Fact-Finding Division inaugurated a systematic exposure of anti-democratic elements in a monthly periodical, The Facts. Operating methods, financial sources, membership strength and interlocking tie-ups among subversive individuals and groups were revealed in documented reviews. The Facts was distributed to lay leaders and cooperating defense agencies as a regular analysis and evaluation of sub- versive trends and activities. It will continue as a regu- lar publication of the League. In addition, the Legal and Fact-Finding Division, through its regional outlets, investigated several hundred localized anti-Semitic incidents, including assaults on Jewish individuals, desecrations of cemeteries and syna- gogues and outbreaks of vandalism against Jewish- owned property. Here, the division's intent was not only to assist in the prosecution of the guilty, but to dig deeper and determine the motivation of these crimes. Only by understanding the backgrounds inspiring such social sore spots can they be properly cauterized. A never-ending task of analyzing books, magazines, the daily press and subversive publications was carried on by the division. Sifting and culling material from al- most every major publication, it provided the mountain- ous piles of clips, articles and news items that are cata- logued in the League's voluminous files. Daily, through- out the year, researchers were called upon to supply factual data to writers, lecturers, clergymen and others who asked for material to refute the lies and half-truths

9 of the anti-Semites. Also, because of ADL's proper in- terest in minority welfare, a special analyst studied and reported on all legislation proposed in Congress and state legislatures that had a bearing on the civil and economic rights of minorities. It is noteworthy that the most emphatic "line" pro- jected by the professional anti-Semites recently is the manufactured "Jewish-communist" issue. By veiled references to "communist minorities" and "alien-born internationalists" or by outspoken libels that "all Jews are communists," they injected their bigoted tirades— with some degree of success. This has helped cloud the legitimate issues of democracy vs. communism on the one hand and democracy vs. fascism, on the other. The problem of fostering friendly intergroup rela- tionships today is difficult to define or describe ... it can no longer be treated by the ordinary methods of ex- posure and persuasion. Too many persons practice the subtle forms of discrimination; indeed, they would be the first to condemn crude intolerance and prejudice! It therefore becomes important to expose more fully the subtle social and economic anti-Semitism breeding in many sections of the country.

carried its message to the public through modern advertising and communication techniques, giv- ing equal impetus to the spoken, visual and written word. In response to the increased needs of the national com- munity, it reorganized 14 major departments and con- centrated them in two categories: a mass media group

10 which approached the problem through the press, the radio, films and the lecture platform, and functional de- partments that aimed at the specific fields of labor, busi- ness, religion, veterans, education, women and foreign• language groups. Their individual activities were brought together and directed by a newly established Program Division, designed to coordinate and achieve a combined impact by all departments. It is not feasible to burden this report with an itemized record of the thousand-and-one approaches contrived by the Program Division during 1946 in its efforts to pro- mote among all Americans a better understanding of a democratic society. To do so would increase this report ten-fold. Instead, it is limited to some of the major highlights of the year giving, in essence, a sample view of what the League did in 1946.

The ADL-sponsored tour of Miss Bess Myerson, Miss America of 1945, was an outstanding ADL promotion during the year. A beautiful and talented young woman, Miss Myerson won the respect of a large segment of the public by her unusual attitude as a national beauty con- test winner. She refused to capitalize on her sudden fame, persistently ignoring motion picture, modeling and vaudeville offers. Instead, conscious of the rising tide of intolerance among American youth, she enthusi- astically volunteered to help combat it. Her good-will tour, arranged by our Special Events Department, brought her into several score high school auditoriums. She addressed more than 100,000 students on the theme "You Can't Be Beautiful and Hate." It is interesting to note that this project involved an area

11 where dignity and self-respect were most vital. Conse- quently, Miss Myerson's campaign was developed with a minimum of fanfare and in good taste. This approach, along with Miss Myerson's natural graciousness, created a highly-favorable impression among students, faculty—many of whom commended Miss Myerson and the League—and the general public which learned of it through newspaper stories, radio dramatizations and magazine articles. Other good-will tours sponsored by ADL during 1946 featured Jack Dempsey, idol of millions, and songwriter Irving Caesar.

How a League project is extended through cooper- ating departments was demonstrated by the campaign promoting Irving Caesar's "Sing a Song of Friendship." Mr. Caesar, a leading ASCAP composer, who gained nation-wide attention several years ago with a "Songs of Safety" campaign for American school children, re- peated the formula by writing 19 stirring songs featur- ing group understanding and "one-world" themes. They are published in a volume, "Songs of Friendship." The Special Events Department, in conjunction with the Speakers Bureau, arranged a youth tour which placed Mr. Caesar in many school auditoriums and on youth club programs throughout the country. The Radio Department promoted his appearance on several na- tional hook-ups. The Foreign Language Department wrote timely feature stories for more than 700 foreign language newspapers. The Religious Department, through Christian Friends of the ADL, introduced the song folio to hundreds of church choral groups. The

12 Education Department arranged for Mr. Caesar's ap- pearance before a national conference of the American Federation of Teachers. And finally, the Community Service Division, with the whole-hearted cooperation of B'nai B'rith lodges and chapters, organized and directed group sale of the books. Many lodges bought thousands of volumes and presented them as gifts to school music departments. ADL promotion of Songs of Friendship achieved marked success.

Early in 1945, the League, through its fact-finding resources, disclosed to the public the confidential report of Dr. Harlan H. Horner, secretary of the American Dental Association's Council on Education, which, in essence, recommended the maintenance of racial and religious quotas in dental colleges to correct "racial and geographical imbalance" among students. Public ex- posure of this unwholesome approach to education brought into the open the widespread use of restrictive quotas in many American universities, particularly among medical schools. This, during the war period, when the nation feared for public health because of a shortage of doctors! For two years ADL persisted in its criticism of the Horner report. Many individual educators joined the protest. "By reawakening public opinion to this flagrant violation of the American creed, the League succeeded in forcing the issue. In November, 1946, the Council on Education sent a letter to the dean of every dental school in the country in which it "unequivocally" repudiated the Horner report.

13 This singular victory for educational freedom is only a starting point. ADL drew attention to many less spec• tacular but equally vital instances of discrimination in education. A greater degree of public pressure must be stimulated if the complete eradication of racial and religious, barriers to higher education is to be realized.

During 1946, the Civic Service Department, which has the dual function of investigating incidents of social and economic discrimination and promoting high busi- ness ethics, introduced a diversified program in one hundred communities with the intent of reducing busi- ness and industrial friction between Jews and other groups. This educational approach to better business relations was first tried in test cities, with unusually good results. It was then incorporated into a regularized project aimed at encouraging Jewish business men to participate actively in civic affairs. In handling cases of economic discrimination, the Civic Service Department pursued a firm but tactful policy. It sought to counsel with alleged offenders and not to resort to punitive measures that often accentuate hostility. Furthermore, its efforts were concentrated on correcting the general situation rather than individual complaints. The effectiveness of this approach was graphically illustrated in one particular case worth re- telling. Early in the year, a B'nai B'rith member noti- fied the League that he was rejected as a job applicant with one of the largest industrial corporations in the country because of his religious faith. This was in direct violation of the fair employment practice law existing in the state in which the company operated.

14 When ADL representatives brought the complaint to them, the corporation's top officials were surprised to learn that discriminatory practices existed in their or- ganization. They also expressed gratification for ADL's diplomacy in reporting it. Not only was the case in ques- tion settled amicably, but the corporation introduced at its own expense—and using ADL materials—a plant- wide educational project in an earnest effort to create an atmosphere of harmony among all its workers.

During 1946, the League's Radio Department, co- ordinating its activities with the Institute for Democratic Education, presented the tenth in its series of Lest We Forget programs—this one titled, These Great Ameri- cans—and reached a new high in dramatically conveying the message of democracy to millions of radio listeners. More than 700 radio stations, scores of schools and colleges and the Armed Forces Radio Service broadcast the stirring life stories of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Wood- row Wilson, Wendell Willkie, A1 Smith, Louis D. Brandeis, George Washington Carver, Joseph Pulitzer, Samuel Gompers and others. With narration and acting handled by outstanding stars, including Melvyn Douglas, Ralph Morgan, Canada Lee, and Quentin Reynolds, station managers were more than willing to air the pro- gram during Class A radio time—the evening hours. The success of this outstanding project is best exem- plified by the high professional acclaim it received from many sources, culminating in a 1946 Showmanagement Award from Variety, the entertainment weekly. In its review of the FDR show, Variety told the radio trade,

15 "any station using platters and passing this one up is serving not only its public but its self interest badly indeed." Also, at their request, ADL counseled with program directors and script writers who were eager to present democratic themes in their broadcasts. These included "Counter Spy" and "Superman" among several com- mercial network shows. The League, through the Legal and Fact-Finding Division, supplied news commentators and analysts with authenticated material which was widely used by famous radio "names," among them, Walter Winchell and Drew Pearson. The League intends to continue production of these public service features. Lest We Forget—The American Dream is the new transcribed series that will be pre- sented during 1947. It deals forthrightly with problems of prejudice and discrimination and emphasizes the con- tribution of all races and creeds toward fulfillment of the American dream.

The war on bigotry and anti-Semitism is not a Jewish responsibility alone. It is a task for all men of good- will. During the year, ADL's Religious Department continued to enlist the friendship and cooperation of the Christian clergy in a united campaign to propagate true principles of brotherhood among all faiths. More than 8,500 ministers throughout the nation—an increase of 2,000 during the year—are linked in a group known as Christian Friends of the Anti-Defamation League. They were serviced with monthly news bulletins and other publications. Material of a homiletic nature—

16 drawn from the Midrash, Talmud and other rabbinic sources—was provided them as background for inter- faith sermons. To explain to Christian children the meaning of the Jewish Holy Days, ADL distributed an illustrated, informative pamphlet, The High Holidays.

Seven thousand speaking engagements were filled dur- ing 1946 by 300 lecturers of ADL's Speakers Bureau. Appearing at service clubs, veterans' posts, schools, col- leges, churches and women's groups, they reached more than one million individuals directly and perhaps 15 million others through radio tie-ups. Outstanding among the speakers were author Kurt Singer; John Roy Carlson, investigator of subversive movements; former Assistant Attorney-General 0. John Rogge, prosecutor at the sedi- tion trials; A. Philip Randolph, president of the Sleep- ing Car Porters Union; Sgt. Ben Kuroki, Nisei war hero, and Sgt. Abe Spitzer who participated in the atom bomb raids over Japan. In addition to metropolitan audiences, League speak- ers reached small communities to present their pleas for tolerance and democratic human relationships among rural groups. Others concentrated on schools: for exam- pie, Louis Lytton, Shakespearian actor, entertainingly stressed the philosophy that men must live as good neighbors by delivering sketches and monologues before 35,000 students in Colorado, Michigan, North Dakota and Illinois. Young rabbis were sent to Christian youth camps where they lived, worked and played with non-Jewish

17 youth, explaining the history and religion of the Jewish people in a friendly give-and-take approach.

There were numerous other successful projects, all keyed to the educational approach, created and put into effect during the year by the various departments of the Program Division. . . . More than 25,000 persons at- tended ADL's Pan-American Good Neighbor Forum held in Chicago. With the cooperation of Dr. Jaime Torres- Bodet, Mexico's Foreign Minister, essay contests on the theme of intercultural goodwill were carried on in Mexi- can and Chicago schools. The forum also helped launch Saludos, Spanish-language magazine fostering Pan- American neighborliness. ... The Labor Department stressed the positive need for harmony among all groups as an integral part of trade unionism and forcefully presented this theme in speeches and discussions before seventeen national and eighteen state labor conventions. . . . The Foreign Language Department worked to stem clannish bigotry among foreign language groups, using pamphlets, newspaper articles and radio broadcasts de- signed to instill a love for democracy among the 22,000,000 people in the United States who acknowl- edge a language other than English as their mother tongue. . . . The Veterans Department, besides inaugu- rating an increased counseling service, worked closely with such veterans organizations as the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, American Veterans Com- mittee and Jewish War Veterans, in exposing to returned servicemen how rabble-rousers of the Gerald L. K. Smith stripe were out to mobilize and "use" them in a sinister drive to destroy the very principles for which

18 they fought. . . . The Department of Education linked forces with several progressive educational agencies to break down prejudice in the one place where it should never take root—the classroom. . . . The Literature De- partment published more than 1,000,000 reprints of newspaper stories, radio broadcasts and magazine arti- cles that exposed race prejudice, medical school quotas, the KKK, and similar social ills, and distributed the reprints through church, youth, veteran and adult edu- cation groups. . . . The League also cooperated closely with the Institute for American Democracy in that or• ganization's campaign to blanket the nation with poster, billboard, cartoon and blotter advertising—expertly planned to "sell" the American public a greater appre- ciation of the American Creed.

impact upon the community at large, stems from the fact that it operates in the national sphere, backed by the membership and resources of B'nai B'rith. Thus, its presence as a service agency is manifested in all corners of the nation. Yet, if the League were to conduct its program en- tirely on a broad, national level, its effectiveness would be limited. For maximum effect, it is imperative that the League's principles be brought down to the all-im- portant "grass-roots" level. This is the job of the Community Service Division which last year operated two-way communication with 18 offices located in New York, Chicago, Brooklyn, Cleveland, Columbus, Miami, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Boston, Portland, San Francisco, Atlanta, Los Angeles,

19 Milwaukee, Houston, Denver, Seattle and Washing* ton, D. C. Cooperating on the other ends were 1,500 local com- mittees and organizations which attacked the problems of anti-Semitism and other forms of bigotry on a com- munity scale. In that manner ADL reached into thous- ands of communities with its "educational program for democracy." To implement this many-faceted program, the Com- munity Service Division maintained a field service, tra- veling representatives of ADL counseling directly with community representatives on specific local problems. Also, the division maintained close liaison with B'nai B'rith lodges and chapters, enlisting the great manpower of the membership to help put across ADL's program to the general public.

For a quick glance at ADL in the field . . . Chicago established a metropolitan office and, with the aid of 42 B'nai B'rith lodges and chapters, under- took a comprehensive survey of the city's 73 neighbor- hoods to improve ADL and B'nai B'rith programs in the area. Indianapolis organized a permanent state-wide agency, the Indiana Jewish Community Relations Coun- cil, under joint auspices of Indiana communities, ADL and American Jewish Committee. At its inception this agency represented 17 communities in the State. Houston was the site of a new regional office to serve Texas, Oklahoma and Western Louisiana. This office is sponsored by ADL, American Jewish Committee and 10 community groups. The Council distributed thousands

20 of pieces of literature, sponsored numerous addresses and resolved more than a score of anti-Semitic incidents. Boston promoted a good-will tour by Jack Dempsey, sponsored a meeting in honor of Frances Perkins and helped to establish the Massachusetts FEPC Board. It also alerted Civic organizations against attempts to or- ganize anti-minority groups and exposed the policy of discriminatory hotels and resorts in New England. Miami took measures to defeat stimulated anti-Semi- tism in the Miami Beach area, helped gather factual material in the expose of the Klan and assisted in the forming of the Dade County Civil Rights Council. Atlanta, witnessing the resurgence of the Klan and the spawning of the Columbians, experienced one of its busiest years. The staff gathered and collated complete files that were used to expose and prosecute these hate outfits. Portland launched a well attended weekly lecture series on Jewish-Christian relationships. It sent com- munity consultants into small towns throughout Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana and Utah, and vigorously supported efforts to establish a State FEPC. San Francisco cooperated actively with many veterans, labor and business groups and fostered a number of educational and community good-will projects. Seattle conducted a workshop in Intercultural Educa- tion at the University of Washington for educators and interested laymen. Cleveland joined with other Ohio communities to establish a state-wide ADL Committee which coordinated educational programs for rural areas. Columbus sponsored hundreds of addresses and nu-

21 merous broadcasts. The staff worked closely with the Columbus Council for Democracy, which has 1,600 members representing all religious and racial elements in the community. Kansas City was instrumental in getting American Legion officials to introduce anti-discrimination resolu- tions at their state convention. It also helped establish an annual scholarship which will enable a public teacher to undertake studies in intercultural education at Co- lumbia University. Denver joined with the National Conference for Christians and Jews in setting up a Workshop in Group Relations attended by several hundred delegates. This office also introduced a number of educational projects in Denver schools and began an internal Jewish educa- tion program for the Rocky Mountain area. Washington, D.C. helped complete a survey of inter- group relations initiated by the Council on Social Agencies. It was active in community relations projects and presented a twenty-six week public service radio program promoting interfaith understanding. Milwaukee combatted the tide of hate propaganda which emanated from Chicago and exposed the activities of the bigots infesting the state of Wisconsin. The staff was also instrumental in creating a city-wide Friendship Week during September. Los Angeles catalogued the activities of hate groups in an area which has a population of 200,000 Jews. It concentrated on good-will projects among veterans since California, with the exception of New York, has more veterans than any other state, many of them being faced with mounting problems of housing and unemployment.

22 THE NATIONAL COMMISSION of the ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B'NAI B'RITH

Officers

HON. MEIER STEINBRINK Brooklyn, N. Y. Chairman

PHILLIP W. HABERMAN New York, N. Y. Honorary Vice-Chairman

MAX J. SCHNEIDER New York, N. Y. HAROLD LACHMAN Chicago, 111. Vice-Chairmen

JACOB AI.SON New York, N. Y. Treasurer

A. C. HORN New York, N. Y. Honorary Treasurer

RICHARD E. GUTSTADT New York, N. Y. Secretary and Director

Members

JACOB ALSON New York, N. Y. BARNEY BALABAN New York, N. Y. JOHN BALABAN Chicago, 111. A. C. BALLENCER Chicago, 111. I. B. BENJAMIN Los Angeles, Cal. ABRAHAM BERKOWITZ Philadelphia, Pa. MAURICE BISCYER Washington, D. C. MAURICE N. DANNENHAUM Houston, Texas AARON DROOCK Detroit, Mich. PHILIP FRANKEL Cleveland, Ohio FRANK GARSON Atlanta, Ga. A. C. HORN New York, N. Y. JOHN HORWITZ Oklahoma City, Okla. FRANK R. S. KAPLAN Pittsburgh, Pa. HAROLD LACHMAN Chicago, 111. DAVID H. LITTER New York, N. Y. HENRY MONSKY Omaha, Nebr. CHARLES W. MORRIS Louisville, Ky. BERNARD NATH Chicago, 111. MRS. ABRAM ORLOW Philadelphia, Pa. JEFFERSON E. PEYSER San Francisco, Cal. BRUNO W. RANDOLPH New York, N. Y. HON. DAVID A. ROSE Boston, Mass. BENJAMIN SAMUELS Chicago, 111. MAX J. SCHNEIDER New York, N. Y. SAMUEL I. SIEVERS St. Louis, Mo. HON. MEIER STEINBRINK Brooklyn, N. Y. JESSE STEIN HART San Francisco, Cal. ROBERT E. STRAUS Chicago, III. EDMUND W-ATERMAN New York, N. Y. JOSEPH WILNER Washington, D. C. t 1 tי I י I j 1J י i j !i iו j ן !i i I

1 i !

ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B'NAI B'RITH

1GO North LaSalle Street 212 Fifth Avenue Chicago 2, Illinois New York 10, N. Y.