I

UU IIII

Yüksek Lisans Tezi

N. Damla Yılmaz

Ankara-2005

I

UU IIII

Yüksek Lisans Tezi

N. Damla Yılmaz

Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Erksin Güleç

Ankara-2005

I

UU IIII

Yüksek Lisans Tezi

Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Erksin Güleç

Tez Jürisi Üyeleri ......

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S. sinense u

u u

uuu

u

S. sinense

ucu S. neumayri

c S. neumayri

u c u uu

Samotherium

u u

u

cuuuc

uu S. neumayri

uuuu

uuu

u

S. neumayri

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uu

H. duvernoyi P. microdon P. coelophyrs P. germaini S.

sinense cu Samotherium

c

u

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c P. roueni P. microdon B. attica Helladotherium

Okapi u ucuu

Helladotherium

u

u

uuu u

u

u

uuuu uu S. sinense P.

microdon P. coelophyrs c P. microdon P.

coelophyrs uu c

ccu u uu

Decennatherium crusafonti c

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u

P. roueni cc

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H. duvernoyi u u

u

S. majori c

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S. boissieri u

c uuuu

P. microdon P germaini S. eminens

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c uuu uu

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uu

S. sinense u uuu

cuu

u c

u H. duvernoyi uuu

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u uu H. duvernoyi

c

uu uu uuu

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S. Samotherium majori uuuU

u

uu u

C

uuu u

u uu

c u uu u

u

S. majori u c

u

uuuu

c uuu c u

u c

u

Samotherium boissieri

u

uuuu u

c

uu

uuu

uuu

u u

uu S. neumayri Samotherium c

neumayri S. boissieri uuu

c S. boissieri Samotherium

c neumayri S. sinense uu

Samotherium c neumayri

S. major uuuu

c uu

S. majori

c

S. neumayri Samotherium c

neumayri S. sinense uuuu

uu

cc

u

c

ccu

u

c

S. majori

ccu

cuuu

uuu u

u

u

uu u

uuu uu u u

ccu u u u

uuu S.

neumayri uu S. majori

u u c c

S. major

u uu

uccu

c

S. majori uu

uuuu S.

boissieri Samotherium

cuuuuuc

S. majori c

uuuuu c u c

uuu

S. majori cc

u c uu

c u

c u c u

cuu

S. majori

uu

uuuuu uuuu S. majori

u

uuu u c

c

uuuu

uuuu uuuu u

uuuu uuuu uuuu

uuuu uuuu uuuu

uuu uccu

c c c

c

c

S. majori

uu uc Helladotherium

c Decennatherium macedonia

cc

c uuuu u S. neumayri

uu S. sinense uu

S. majori uuu

ccu

ucu u u

Helladotherium S. sinense u

uuu

u

S. majori c

u

uuuuuuuu

u

uu u u

Samotherium cu

c c

uu S. majori

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S. majori ccu uuuuu

uu

ccu S. sinense Cu

cu S. sinense

u

u

uuuuu u

S. boissieri

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u u

uuu

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uu

C

u u

S. boissieri uu

uuu

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boissieri uuu

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cuuuuu

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uuu cu u u uccu u

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uu

c u

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U

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cuuuuu uuu

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S. boissieri

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u uuu

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c c c

uuu

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ccucc

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u S. boissieri uuuuu

S. pamiri uuucu

u

C

S. pamiri uuu

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Paleotragus u

Samotherium uuu

S. pamiri S. neumayeri

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megacephalum u u

uuuc

H. megacephalum u u

uuu u S. pamiri H. megacephalum uu

u Hydaspitherium u

Samotherium u Hydaspitherium

u

Samotherium S. pamiri c

u

u Decennatherium macedoiae

Paleotragus decipiens c

Samotherium c S. decipiens

uu c u U uu

uu

Paleotragus decipiens u

Paleotragus germaini Samotherium

u P. decipiens uu P. germaini

Paleotragus Paleotragus

cucu

S. decipiens c cu

u c

u cu S. decipiens cu

u Samotherium c uuu u

c

ucu P. expectans S. boissieri S. sinense S. neumayri

uu u

S. boissieri S. neumayri S. decipiens uu

u S. decipiens

Cuc Paleotragus decipiens

uuuu uuuu uuuu

uccu

uuuu uuuu

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u

uuuuuuuu

S. neumayri

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uu

Paleotragus c coelophyrs S. neumayri S.

boissieri c u u S. neumayri

u u uu S.

neumayri S. boissieri S. sinense

c Samotherium

uu S. boissieri

S. neumayri uu

S. neumayri

cu uuu c u cu

c u u cu S.

boissieri S. neumayri uu

uCuc S. neumayri ccc

uuuu uuuu

uuuu uuuu uuuu

uuuu uu uuuu uuuu

C

uuu u Bohlinia u

uu

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Giraffa uuu

uc

ucu S. boissieri

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c u u c

c u

Orasius Bohlinia

u

uuuuc

Honanotherium uuu

c Giraffa

Camelopardalis attica Bohlinia attica uu

Bohlinia attica

uu c

c Orasius uu

Giraffa Orasius Bohlinia u

cuu

Orasius Giraffa Bohlinia uu

C

u Bohlinia uu

B. attica P. coelophyrs u

c B. attica cu

u P. coelophyrs

uuu

c

uuuucc

uuuu Bohlinia

uuuu

u uuuuu c u

u

uuu

uuuc P. coelophyrs

H. duvernoyi

Bohlinia attica

u uuu

cu c

c u u uc

u

ucuuuuu

uuuu

cuu

uuuuucuuu

Cuc

P. primaevus S. africanum

uuu S.

boissieri

uuu cu uuu

u cu

c c uu

cc cu cu

c uuu

c uuu c uuu

u

C c

uu Giraffa

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u

Camelopardalis uu

Giraffa c c

Orasius uu

Giraffa Bohlinia u

uu

uuu Giraffa u

ucuuuc

Giraffa c c

uuuuucuuc

Bohlinia

uu

Giraffa c

uu

Giraffa

uu u u

cuc Triceromeryx

c Giraffa Sivatherium uuuu

cu cc uuu

S

uu

uc

Sivatherium u Birgerbohlinia

u u

uuuuu

u uuu c u u

Sivatherium hendeyi uu uu

Giraffokeryx Paleotragus

uu

cuu

Decennatherium u u u u

Helladotherium Bramatherium

uu Decennatherium B. suchovi

uu

u uu c u uuu uu

Decennatherium u

uuu

uu uu

Sivatherium u u Bramatherium u

c Helladotherium Decennatherium u

Decennatherium uuuu

c Bramatherium uu u

u Decennatherium c

Helladotherium uuc

C C

u Decennatherium c

uu

Decennatherium c

Bramatherium Hydaspitherium

u u

u

c u D. pachecoi c

uu u Helladotherium D.

macedonia u D. macedoniae

cuuuuu

D. macedoinae D. pachecoi u

u

u Decennatherium macedoinae

uuuu

C

u Decennatherium

macedoinae u P. coelophyrs c

uuu

uuu

uuu c

u

u u

P. roueni

Decennatherium Birgerbohlinia Helladotherium

uu

u

ucuuu

uu u uu c

Decennatherium uuu

u D. macedoinae

u D.

macedoinae c

uu D. macedoinae u

Samotherium pamiri uu

c D. macedoinae

D. pachecoi

uuu c

uuuuu

C

u u Helladotherium u

Paleotragus roueni c

u

Helladotherium uc Decennatherium uu

ucuuu

u Helladotherium c

u u

uuuuuu

c

c

uu B. attica Helladotherium c

uuu c c u c

B. attica uu

Helladotherium uuu

D. macedoniae

uu

c uuuuu uu c

Bohlinia cu uu

cucu

uuuu

H. duvernoyi

c D. pachecoi c

Bohlinia u

cu

uc uuu u uuu

D. macedoinae

uu Samotherium uuu

u uu uuu D. macedoinae

u u u u u Helladotherium

u H. duvernoyi

u

uuuu

u c

uu

u uuu u

C

u u

uu uuu

u

cuuuuu uuuu

u uuu c u

u

u

uucu

cc

ucc

uuu

u u

cuucu

uc c c

u

H. duvernoyi u

H. duvernoyi uccu

uuuuuuu

Samotherium u u

u c c

uuuuucc

ucuu

uuu c

c cu u

u c u

uu c

uuu

uuu

u uuu uu

u uuu

u uu u ccu

ccccc

c u u Samotherium Giraffa

c c ucu u

uu uuuucc

ccu

ucc

uuc uuu

ccuc Samotherium

uuuuu

u

c

u cu

cuu Samotherium

u ucu

H. duvernoyi uucu

cucu

uu

u u uuuu

H. duvernoyi u P. microdon

uuc Bohlinia attica cuuuuu

u uuu c u

cuucuuuu

ucuucuu

c c u

u

Samotherium

uuu

P. microdon u

u

u H. duvernoyi ucu

S. neumayri S.

sinense u u

u c u

uu

uu

u

S. neumayri uu

uuu

u u

u S. sinense

ucuu

cu uuu

u uc

ucuu

uu c c H. duvernoyi

cu c

c c cu u

cu c c

u ucu uuu u

uc

u

cu u cuuu

u

uuuuucu

uu H. duvernoyi

Okapia Paleotragus Samotherium uuu

u Samotherium

c uu

c ucu Samotherium u

u

cuccuuu

ccu Samotherium

u P. roueni P. coelophrys S. boissieri S.

neumayri B. attica Decennatherium crusafonti u cc

c

uuuuu S. sinense P. microdon P. coelophyrs

u c c

u c uu uu

cuuuucu

uuucuu

cuu

C

u

c u u u S.

neumayri S. sinense c uu

P. microdon P. roueni P. coelophyrs c

c uuu uu

u c u uu

cuu

uu uuu u

cuu u

uuuucuu

c c uu

uuuuc

c

uu uuu

uu Samotherium

c uu c

u u cu

uu uu uu

u

u uuu

Samotherium P. microdon u u

c Samotherium u

uuuuuu

u u Samotherium u P. microdon

uuuuuu

uuu

ucuc

u u uu c ucuu ucuu

uu u Samotherium

u

C c

u c

uu Bramatherium

C

Helladotherium u Hydaspitherium

B. perimense uu Bramatherium u

B. megacephalum B. grande B. magnum

uu u

c u

u B. perimense B.

megacephalum u

uuuu

C

u Bramatherium

u

uuc

uu uu c

u u uu

Bramatherium uu

uuuu uu uu

uuu

u

c uu

uuuu

uu

uuuuu

u u uuuu u uu cc

u

uuu

uucu

uu u

Bramatherium Sivatherium uu

u u

cc

uu c

c uuu uuuu

uu

uuu u

c u

B.

perimense Helladotherium u

Sivatherium gigonteum S.

maurusium c

uuuuuuuuu

uuuuuu

Bramatherium

uuuu u

uu

u Decennatherium uu

c Bramatherium uu u

u Decennatherium u Bramatherium u

u Decennatherium u Sivatherium

Bramatherium u c u u

uuu c

u u c u

uuuc

ucu

c

u uuu

uu Bramatherium

uuuuuuuu

cuuuu

uuuu

uu uu u Samotherium

uuu u uuu

u Paleotragus Samotherium Bohlinia Giraffa Decennatherium

Bramatherium Helladotherium

uuu

u

uuuu

uuc

u uuu

u

u Paleotragus uuu uu

uuu c u

u u Paleotragus u

cu

uuu

Paleotragus u u c uuu

u

u u Samotherium uu

u Samotherium u

u

uuu Samotherium

uuu

c Paleotragus P. roueni

P. coelophyrs P. quadricornis

Samotherium S. boissieri S. major S. neumayri uuu

Bohlinia attica Honanotherium

schlosseri u uu Helladotherium duvernoyi

ucu

u Samotherium cc

cc

uu u

u uuuu u u

Samotherium u c uu

uu S. boissieri S. eminens S. maeoticum S. borissiaki cc

uu uu u uuuu

u

uuuucuuc S. korotkevichae

cc u

uuuuuu

uu

uu

u uuu u

uu

u Samotherium u

u

S. sinense S. irtyshense S. tafeli S.

decipiens S. mongoliense S. neumayri S. pamiri ccuu

cuccu

uuu

Giraffa

Bohlinia cuuuu Bohlinia

Honanotherium schlosseri

u Samotherium u

u Paleotragus uuuuuu

Decennatherium

u u Helladotherium u u

ccu

uuuuu

u Helladotherium uu

uccuu

ucuu

u u

Helladotherium ucu

u

Helladotherium u

cu

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u Bramatherium uuu

uu uuu u

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Bramatherium u Sivatherium uu

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I

uu

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c

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u

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u

uuuu

c c

u u

u u U

c

u c u

u u

c u

uuuuu

uuuu

u

uu

u u c u

u

uu Samotherium Paleotragus quadricornis

u

Ankarapithecus meteai

u P. roueni P. coelophyrs B. attica Helladotherium D.

macedoniae

u uu

Paleotragus Samotherium, Giraffa Orasius Camelopardalis

Bohlinia Helladotherium Decenatherium

Bramatherium c u

Paleotragus c decipiens, Paleotragus c coelophyrs P. coelophyrs P.

roueni P. quadricornis P. hoffstetteri Samotherium majori S. boissieri

Samotherium” pamiri Giraffa Giraffa attica Orasius Orasius

specious Orasius attica Camelopardalis attica Bohlinia attica

Helladotherium duvernoyi Decennatherium macedoinae c

u

u uu

u Orasius Camelopardalis

cuu Giraffa Orasius

Bohlinia u

U

Camelopardalis uu Giraffa c u

uu Orasius Giraffa

Bohlinia uu c u U

Paleotragus c decipiens

Samotherium c

uu u Samotherium decipiens

uuuuu Samotherium pamiri

Samotherium u

u Decennatherium c

u u

Paleotragus P. hofstetteri P. coelophyrs P. roueni

Samotherium Samotherium c decipiens Samotherium pamiri S. boissieri S.

majori, Bohlinia attica Giraffa D. macedonia

Helladotherium H. duvernoyi u

c

u

uuu

Samotherium Paleotragus P. coelophyrs P. roueni

Helladotherium H. duvernoyi

uu

u uu

Samotherium c decipiens cuuu

Paleotragus hofstetteri Samotherium pamiri Decennatherium macedonia

u c

Helladotherium Samotherium boissieri Giraffa

u u

u Samotherium

majori u

uuu

Bramatherium Decennatherium P. quadricornis Samotherium neumayri

Decennatherium u Bramatherium

uu

P. quadricornis S. neumayri

u uu u

Paleotragus Samotherium Helladotherium u uc

cu

Sg u Samotherium c decipiens Samotherium pamiri

Paleotragus hofstetteri

Decennatherium macedoniae

Samotherium boissieri

Giraffa

Helladotherium

Helladotherium duvernoyi

Samotherium Paleotragus coelophyrs

Paleotragus

Paleotragus roueni

Bohlinia attica

Samotherium majori

Decennatherium

Samotherium neumayri

Paleotragus quadricornis

Bramatherium

uu

uuuuuuu

u c

c u u u u

uucu

uu

g g C C c C c c g S c c g cc S gg SS

Cc

g C

Cc S S

C gg g

Sc S

u uu u

u u u u u

Uc

u C u u

uuu Paleotragus uu

u C C c C cu

uu

u

P. hofstetteri P. quadricornis Achtiaria expectans A. borissiaki A.

berislavieus u Paleotragus coelophyrs u

u P. coelophyrs u A.

expectans A. borissiaki A. berislavieus uu u P.

hofstetteri cu

P. quadricornis

u u

Cuc

P. coelophyrs u u U u

uu

u

cu

u

u

u

uu Paleotragus roueni

uuu u u u u

u

cuc U

u

u P. microdon P.

microdon uC

u

Samotherium uuu

u u

u c

Paleotragus c S. decipiens u

C

S. boissieri u

uuu

uu

uu

u S. sinense

S. boissieri S. majori S. neumayri

uu S. majori

uu S. neumayri

Cuc

Bohlinia attica u u u

u

u Bohlinia c

Giraffa u

u c uu u

Uuuuu

u

c Bramatherium uc Decennatherium c

uu

u D.

macedonia uu

u

uu

C Bramatherium u

u

c c uuu u

Bramatherium u Decennatherium u

Bramatherium u

uuu u

u c u u

uu Helladotherium u uu

u c c uu u

Helladotherium duvernoyi u u

c c

u

ucc

u

u Decennatherium u

Helladotherium u uu

uuu

uuu

uuu

u c uu

uu

u

u uuu

uuu

Paleotragus

P. coelophyrs Uuc

P. quadricornis u P. roueni

uUP. microdon Samotherium

S. decipiens S. boissieri

u S. sinense S. major

u S. neumayri Bohlinia

attica u Giraffa

Decennatherium macedoniae u

Bramatherium Helladotherium duvernoyi

uucc

uu

u uu u

uuu

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uu uu

c

uu u

uuuuu

u u uuu

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c u

u u

uuuucc

u

uuu uu

u uu Helladotherium u Decennatherium u

c uuu ucu u c

uuu

u

uu u

u u uu

uuuuuucuu

S

u

uu

uu

u

uu

c

u uu u u uu

u

uu

Uu c

u

c c c

u Uu

u

ucuu

c uu c

c

c

uu

uuu

u

U

uu

u

cu

u

u c

uc

uuU

cu

c

Paleotragus Samotherium Bohlinia Giraffa,

Decennatherium Helladotherium Bramatherium cu

c Paleotragus , P. coelophyrs P. roueni P. quadricornis P. hoffstetteri

Samoterium , S. boissieri S. neumayri S. major S. decipiens S. pamiri

Bohlinia attica Giraffa , Decennatherium macedonia Helladotherium duvernoyi

Bramatherium

u c u

Samotherium c decipiens Paleotragus hofstetteri Samotherium pamiri Decennatherium macedonia

u Samotherium boissieri Giraffa

Samotherium Paleotragus Paleotragus coelophyrs Paleotragus roueni Helladotherium Helladotherium duvernoyi Bohlinia attica Samotherium majori u Decennatherium Samotherium neumayri Paleotragus quadricornis Bramatherium

uuuu

u

uu Samotherium Paleotragus quadricornis

Ankarapithecus meteai u

P. roueni P. coelophyrs B. attica Helladotherium D.

macedoniae

cuuuc

u

Orasius Camelopardalis c uu

Giraffa Orasius uu Bohlinia

u U

Camelopardalis uu Giraffa

c u uu Orasius

Giraffa Bohlinia uu

u U

Paleotragus c decipiens

Samotherium c u

Samotherium decipiens

uuuuu Samotherium pamiri

Decennatherium c

uuu

uuuuuu

Paleotragus P. coelophyrs

U u c P.

quadricornis u P. roueni

u U P. microdon Samotherium

S. decipiens S. boissieri

u S. sinense S. major

u S. neumayri Bohlinia

attica u Giraffa

Decennatherium macedoniae u

Bramatherium Helladotherium duvernoyi

uucc

uu

g cg

uuuuuu

cuuu

uuuuu u u u uuu

cuu

u u u

Helladotherium u uu

uu u uu

Helladotherium u u u

uu

u uu uu u

uu

u uu c

cu Bramatherium

u Decennatherium u

Bramatherium u

Helladotherium uuuuc

cu

uuu ucc

uuuuuu

u uu

uuu

u

uuuuu

uu uuu

uu ucu u

uu

S

u u

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uu c u

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u c

u

u uuu

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Paleotragus Samoterium Bohlinia Giraffa Decennatherium

Helladotherium Bramatherium cuc Paleotragus

, P. coelophyrs P. roueni P. quadricornis P. hoffstetteri Samoterium , S.

boissieri S. neumayri S. major S. decipiens S. pamiri Bohlinia attica Giraffa

Decennatherium macedonia Decennatherium , Helladotherium ,

Helladotherium duvernoyi Bramatherium

c u uu

u

u uu u

Paleotragus P.

coelophyrs Uuc

P. quadricornis u P. roueni

u U P. microdon Samotherium

S. decipiens S. boissieri

u S. sinense S. major

u S. neumayri Bohlinia

attica u Giraffa

Decennatherium macedoniae u

Bramatherium Helladotherium duvernoyi

uucc

uu

uuuuuu

cuuu

uuuuu u u u uuu c

u u

u c

c

ccc

cuc

c u c

cucc

ccu

cuuc

uu

Ccccc

cc

uc

u Paleotragus, Samoterium, Bohlinia, Giraffa, Decennatherium,

Helladotherium, Bramatherium c Paleotragus , P. coelophyrs P.

roueni P. quadricornis P. hoffstetteri Samoterium , S. boissieri S. neumayri S.

major S. decipiens S. pamiri Bohlinia attica Giraffa , Decennatherium

macedonia Decennatherium , Helladotherium duvernoyi Helladotherium ,

Bramatherium cu

c c C c u

u

ucc

c Paleotragus u P. coelophyrs

UcuC P. quadricornis

c u P. roueni c u

U C P. microdon Samoterium u C

S. decipiens u C S. boissieri c u

C P. sinense S. major u c S.

neumayri u C Bohlinia attica c u

Giraffa u Decennatherium macedonia

c u Bramatherium u Helladotherium

duvernoyi c u u u cu u u

ccu

u c c ccu uc

u c u

c c u u

cuucuc

c

uucu

u Cc

Cg g

c CU

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