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HONEN SHONIN and the PURE LAND MOVEMENT by Edmund Theron Gilday B.A., University of Wisconsin, 1973 a THESIS SUBMITTED in PARTIA
HONEN SHONIN AND THE PURE LAND MOVEMENT by Edmund Theron Gilday B.A., University of Wisconsin, 1973 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA March, 1980 (c) Edmund Theron Gilday, 1980 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be al1 owed without my written permission. Department of Religious Studies The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 ii ABSTRACT In this study of Honen Shonin and his relation to the institutionali• zation of an independent Japanese Pure Land school, I have attempted to isolate the religious and doctrinal issues which affected the evolution of Pure Land salvationism in general and Japanese Buddhism in particular. The background for this:analysis is provided in Part One, which is a discussion of the religious background to Honen and his ideas, and a summary.of the immediate historical and religious circumstances, put of which Honen's Pure Land soteriology emerged. Part Two consists of a detailed analytical description of the Senchaku^shu (jff/jf )? Honen's major dissertation on Pure Land doctrine. -
Anaonino Forte
JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Volume 30 Number 1–2 2007 (2009) The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies (ISSN 0193-600XX) is the organ of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Inc. As a peer-reviewed journal, it welcomes scholarly contributions pertaining to all facets of Buddhist EDITORIAL BOARD Studies. JIABS is published twice yearly. KELLNER Birgit Manuscripts should preferably be sub- KRASSER Helmut mitted as e-mail attachments to: [email protected] as one single fi le, Joint Editors complete with footnotes and references, in two diff erent formats: in PDF-format, BUSWELL Robert and in Rich-Text-Format (RTF) or Open- Document-Format (created e.g. by Open CHEN Jinhua Offi ce). COLLINS Steven Address books for review to: COX Collet JIABS Editors, Institut für Kultur- und GÓMEZ Luis O. Geistesgeschichte Asiens, Prinz-Eugen- HARRISON Paul Strasse 8-10, A-1040 Wien, AUSTRIA VON HINÜBER Oskar Address subscription orders and dues, changes of address, and business corre- JACKSON Roger spondence (including advertising orders) JAINI Padmanabh S. to: KATSURA Shōryū Dr Jérôme Ducor, IABS Treasurer Dept of Oriental Languages and Cultures KUO Li-ying Anthropole LOPEZ, Jr. Donald S. University of Lausanne MACDONALD Alexander CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland email: [email protected] SCHERRER-SCHAUB Cristina Web: http://www.iabsinfo.net SEYFORT RUEGG David Fax: +41 21 692 29 35 SHARF Robert Subscriptions to JIABS are USD 40 per STEINKELLNER Ernst year for individuals and USD 70 per year for libraries and other institutions. For TILLEMANS Tom informations on membership in IABS, see back cover. -
The Classification of Buddhism Bukkyo Kyohan
Bruno Petzold The Classification of Buddhism Bukkyo Kyohan Comprising The Classification of Buddhist Doctrines in India, China and Japan In collaboration with Shinsho Hanayama edited by Shohei Ichimura 1995 Harrassowitz Verlag • Wiesbaden Table of Contents PREFACE ' xiii EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION xix PARTI GENERAL INTRODUCTION : 3 CHAPTER ONE Classification in General As Found in the Natural and Moral World 5 §1. Definition of the Concept of "Classification" 5 §2. Popular Classifications: Spontaneous and Conscious 6 §3. Scientific Classifications, Artificial and Natural 8 §4. Erroneous and Fallacious Classifications 22 §5. Appreciation of the Classifications 28 §6. The Classification of Religions 29 CHAPTER TWO Buddhist Classifications and Classifying Thought 33 §1. Origin and Intent of the Buddhist Classifications 33 §2. The Classificatory Concept in Buddhism Compared with that of Christianity 42 CHAPTER THREE Hon-gaku-Mon and Shi-kaku-Mon 50 §1. Buddhist Endeavours at Classification, Past and Modern 50 §2. Hon-gaku-mon: the Fountainhead of Buddhist Religiosity ; 62 §3. Hon-gaku-mon and Shi-kaku-mon Compared with Western Religious and Philosophical Conceptions 70 PART II INDIAN BUDDHISM AND CLASSIFICATION 87 CHAPTER FOUR The Original Source of Classifications in the Works of Indian Buddhist Masters 89 §1. A Contrast between Indian and Chinese Mentality as to the Principles of Classification 89 §2. Rudimentary Classifications in Ancient Indian Buddhism 90 §3. Classifications Introduced or Influenced by Non-Chinese Scholar-Monks 95 PART III CHINESE BUDDHISM: PRIMITIVE CHINESE CLASSIFICATIONS 101 vi Table of Contents CHAPTER FIVE Introduction to the Five Groups of Classification in the Namboku-cho Era 103 §1. Buddhism in the Southern and Northern Dynasties 103 §2. -
Studies in Central & East Asian Religions Volume 9 1996
Studies in Central & East Asian Religions Volume 9 1996 CONTENTS Articles Xu WENKAN: The Tokharians and Buddhism……………………………………………... 1 Peter SCHWEIGER: Schwarze Magie im tibetischen Buddhismus…………………….… 18 Franz-Karl EHRHARD: Political and Ritual Aspects of the Search for Himalayan Sacred Lands………………………………………………………………………………. 37 Gabrielle GOLDFUβ: Binding Sūtras and Modernity: The Life and Times of the Chinese Layman Yang Wenhui (1837–1911)………………………………………………. 54 Review Article Hubert DECLEER: Tibetan “Musical Offerings” (Mchod-rol): The Indispensable Guide... 75 Forum Lucia DOLCE: Esoteric Patterns in Nichiren’s Thought…………………………………. 89 Boudewijn WALRAVEN: The Rediscovery of Uisang’s Ch’udonggi…………………… 95 Per K. SØRENSEN: The Classification and Depositing of Books and Scriptures Kept in the National Library of Bhutan……………………………………………………….. 98 Henrik H. SØRENSEN: Seminar on the Zhiyi’s Mohe zhiguan in Leiden……………… 104 Reviews Schuyler Jones: Tibetan Nomads: Environment, Pastoral Economy and Material Culture (Per K. Sørensen)…………………………………………………………………. 106 [Ngag-dbang skal-ldan rgya-mtsho:] Shel dkar chos ’byung. History of the “White Crystal”. Religion and Politics of Southern La-stod. Translated by Pasang Wangdu and Hildegard Diemberger (Per K. Sørensen)………………………………………… 108 Blondeau, Anne-Marie and Steinkellner, Ernst (eds.): Reflections of the Mountains. Essays on the History and Social Meaning of the Cult in Tibet and the Himalayas (Per K. Sørensen)…………………………………………………………………………. 110 Wisdom of Buddha: The Saṃdhinirmocana Mahāyāna Sūtra (Essential Questions and Direct Answers for Realizing Enlightenment). Transl. by John Powers (Henrik H. Sørensen)………………………………………………. 112 Japanese Popular Deities in Prints and Paintings: A Catalogue of the Exhibition (Henrik H. Sørensen)…………………………………………………………………………. 113 Stephen F. Teiser, The Scripture on the Ten Kings and the Making of Purgatory in Medieval Chinese Buddhism (Henrik H. -
PACIFIC WORLD Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies
PACIFIC WORLD Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies Third Series Number 13 Fall 2011 SPECIAL SECTION: Recent Research on Esoteric Buddhism TITLE iii Monastic Lineages and Ritual Participation: A Proposed Revision of KURODA Toshio’s Kenmitsu Taisei Mikaël Bauer Lecturer in Japanese Studies at the University of Leeds INTRODUCTION This article aims to revise KURODA Toshio’s notion of exoteric- esoteric Buddhism (kenmitsu taisei, 顕密体制) through an analysis of primary documents mainly related to ritual participation from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries. From the outset, I have to make clear that I do not intend to dismiss the kenmitsu taisei model nor doubt its value for understanding the relation between religion and state during the medieval period. The main purpose of this article is to refine the notion of exoteric-esoteric Buddhism in order to fully grasp its insti- tutional implications and better understand the position of the large temple complexes within the larger framework of the state. Kuroda considered exoteric-esoteric Buddhism as medieval Japan’s main ide- ology underlying the socio-political system, the kenmon taisei (権門 体制), from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries and argued that the Tendai school was its main ideological constituent.1 While recent scholarship has shown that Kuroda’s interpretation of the relation be- tween Buddhism and state can be criticized from different points of view, I will limit myself to question Kuroda’s emphasis on Tendai as the main component of kenmitsu Buddhism and focus on the presence of particular Nara (710–794) schools’ institutions and lineages into the Heian period (794–1185).2 In the pages to follow I will reconsider the emphasis on Tendai from both doctrinal and institutional points of view. -
Notes on the Avatamsaka Sutra
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE NOTES ON THE AVATAMSAKA SUTRA bpO understand the Avatamsaka Sutra, the following remarks -®- will be found useful. Besides the general Mahayana notions, the Avatamsaka has its own philosophy or world-conception constituting the fundamental tenets of the Kegon School of Buddhism, which is regarded by some to be the culmination of the Buddhist experience of life. First, the Buddha as the central figure naturally occupies the most important position throughout the discourse. Un like in the other sutras, the Buddha himself does not deliver a sermon, or a series of sermons; all the lecturing whatever there is done by the attending Bodhisattvas: not only the lecturing but the praising of the Buddha’s holy merits, of which there is a great deal in this sutra, in fact more than in other sutras,—all this is the doing of the Bodhisattvas. The part played by the Buddha is just to show himself in radiance, and this is the important point in the understanding of the Avatamsaka. The Buddha here is not the historical Buddha, but one in the Sagara-mudra Samadhi, which means “ Ocean-Seal Samadhi.” According to Kegon scholars, the Buddha in this Samadhi keeps his mind so serene and transparent as the ocean in which all things are sealed or im pressed, that is, reflected as they are in themselves; the world thus appearing to him is not a world of the senses, but one of light and spirit. This world is called the Dharmadhatu, that is a world of pure beings, or simply a spiritual world, and is technically known as the “ World of the Lotus Treasure.” When the world is contemplated by the Buddha in this Samadhi, it is radiant with light; for the light issues from 234 THE EASTERN BUDDHIST his body, from every part of his body, in fact from every pore in his skin, illuminating the ten quarters of the universe and revealing the past, the present, and the future. -
Tsung-Mi's Zen Prolegomenon: Introduction to an Exemplary Zen Canon
1 Tsung-mi’s Zen Prolegomenon: Introduction to an Exemplary Zen Canon Jeff Broughton The Zen tradition commonly uses the term Zen forest (ch’an-lin)to refer to the gathering or clustering of its adepts. With some justifica- tion, we could apply this forest metaphor to the literature of Zen as well, because that literature is without doubt an immense woods of staggering expanse and diversity. The enormous printed Zen litera- ture of the Sung Dynasty and beyond encompasses a wide range of genres: sayings records; biographical transmission of the lamp rec- ords, or sacred histories; ko¯an case collections providing topics for meditation practice and commentary on the part of trainees; codes for the regulation of the Zen community; rules for zazen; poetic in- scriptions; oxherding pictures that illustrate the stages of Zen prac- tice; poetry collections; lineage charts; and so on. When we include early Zen texts of the prior T’ang Dynasty that were retrieved by scholars from the cache of manuscripts discovered in the cave com- plex near the desert oasis of Tun-huang and carried off to libraries around the world, our Zen corpus grows considerably. The Tun- huang Zen manuscripts show some of the same genres as the Sung and Yu¨an printed books and some new ones as well: transmission of the lamp records, cultivation treatises, imaginary sayings, encoun- ter dialogues, apocryphal works attributed to Bodhidharma, inscrip- tions, exhortations, praises, verses, apocryphal Zen sutras, sutra commentaries by Zen figures, and so on. Within this entire Zen corpus, one text can fairly be described as unique: the Prolegomenon to the Collection of Expressions of the Zen Source (Ch’an-yuan chu-ch’uan-chi tu-hsu; abbreviated as ZP for Zen Prolegomenon) of the T’ang Dynasty Zen master and exegete Kuei- 12 the zen canon feng Tsung-mi (780–841).1 The ZP does not fit into any of the above genres; it stands alone and should be approached with this singularity in mind. -
Download a PDF Copy of the Guide to Jodo Shinshu Teachings And
Adapted from: Renken Tokuhon Study Group Text for Followers of Shinran Shonin By: Kyojo S. Ikuta Guide & Trudy Gahlinger to June 2008 Jodo Shinshu Teachings and Practices INTRODUCTION This Guide to Jodo Shinshu Teachings and Practices is a translation of the Renken Tokuhon Study Group Text for Followers of Shinran Shonin. TheGuide has been translated from the original version in Japanese and adapted for Jodo Shinshu Temples in North America. TheGuide has been developed as an introduction to Jodo Shinshu for the layperson. It is presented in 2 parts. Part One describes the life and teachings of the Buddha, and the history and evolution of Jodo Shinshu teachings. Part Two discusses Jodo Shinshu practices, including Jodo Shinshu religious days and services. The Calgary Buddhist Temple gratefully acknowledges the Renken Tokuhon Study Group for providing the original text, and our mother Temple in Kyoto - the Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha - for supporting our efforts. It is our hope that this Guide will provide a basic foundation for understanding Jodo Shinshu, and a path for embracing the life of a nembutsu follower. Guide to Jodo Shinshu Teachings and Practices Table of Contents PART ONE: JODO SHINSHU TEACHINGS 1 THE LIFE OF THE BUDDHA . 2 1.1 Birth of the Buddha . 2 1.2 Renunciation . 2 1.3 Practice and Enlightenment . 2 1.4 First Sermon . 2 1.5 Propagation of the Teachings and the Sangha . 3 1.6 The Buddha’s Parinirvana . 3 1.7 The First Council . 4 2 SHAKYAMUNI’S TEACHINGS. 5 2.1 Dependent Origination (Pratitya-Samutpada) . 5 2.2 The Four Marks of Dharma. -
Skilful Means: a Concept in Mahayana Buddhism, Second Edition
SMA01C 2 11/21/03, 10:48 AM SKILFUL MEANS ‘Skilful means’ is the key principle of the great tradition of Mahayana Buddhism. First set out extensively in the Lotus Sutra, it originates in the Buddha’s compassionate project for helping others to transcend the cease- less round of birth and death. His strategies or interventions are ‘skilful means’—devices which lead into enlightenment and nirvana. Michael Pye’s clear and engaging introductory guide presents the meaning of skilful means in the formative writings, traces its antecedents in the legends of early Buddhism and explores links both with the Theravada tradition and later Japanese Buddhism. First published in 1978, the book remains the best explanation of this dynamic philosophy, which is essential for any com- plete understanding of Buddhism. Michael Pye is Professor of the Study of Religions at Marburg Univer- sity, and author of Emerging from Meditation (1990), The Buddha (1981) and the Macmillan Dictionary of Religion (1993). He is a former President of the International Association for the History of Religions (1995–2000), and has taught at the Universities of Lancaster and Leeds. SMA01C 1 11/21/03, 10:48 AM SMA01C 2 11/21/03, 10:48 AM SKILFUL MEANS A Concept in Mahayana Buddhism Second Edition MICHAEL PYE SMA01C 3 11/21/03, 10:48 AM First published in 1978 by Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. The Old Piano Factory, 43 Gloucester Crescent, London NW1 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” This edition published 2003 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London, EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 2003 Routledge All rights reserved. -
The Invention of Japanese Religions Jason Ananda Josephson* Williams College
Religion Compass 5/10 (2011): 589–597, 10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00307.x The Invention of Japanese Religions Jason Ananda Josephson* Williams College Abstract In recent years, the academic study of religion has begun to challenge the usefulness of the con- cept of ‘religion’ itself. This article examines the extension of this critical turn to the issue of Japa- nese religion. It traces the history of the invention of Japanese religions as conceptual categories and discusses debates about the continuities and discontinuities of ‘religion’ (shukyo) in Japan. Finally, it surveys the Japanese invention of ‘religion’ as a legal and political category. Introduction In 1703 London was abuzz with news that a native of Japanese-occupied Taiwan (For- mosa) had arrived on England’s shores. A popular dinner guest, this exotic foreigner regaled the Royal Society—Britain’s premiere scientific organization—with accounts of his far-flung homeland (Keevak, pp. 4–5). His celebrity status culminated in the publica- tion of a widely read book that contained one of the first accounts of Japanese religions in the English language, An Historical and Geographical Description of Formosa, an Island subject to the Emperor of Japan (1704).1 Unlike the comparatively monolithic religious land- scape of 18th century Europe, the Japanese were said to have three distinct indigenous religions (Psalmanazar, pp. 167–9). One of these religions was idolatrous, another focused on the worship of God in nature, and a third was essentially atheistic and philosophical. While a contemporary reader would surely reject the expression ‘idolatrous’ as pejorative and inaccurate, she would be forgiven for seeing in this tripartite schema an early refer- ence to a way of describing Japanese religions that is still popular today. -
Sōtō Zen in Medieval Japan
Soto Zen in Medieval Japan Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism Studies in Ch ’an and Hua-yen Robert M. Gimello and Peter N. Gregory Dogen Studies William R. LaFleur The Northern School and the Formation of Early Ch ’an Buddhism John R. McRae Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism Peter N. Gregory Sudden and Gradual: Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought Peter N. Gregory Buddhist Hermeneutics Donald S. Lopez, Jr. Paths to Liberation: The Marga and Its Transformations in Buddhist Thought Robert E. Buswell, Jr., and Robert M. Gimello Studies in East Asian Buddhism $ Soto Zen in Medieval Japan William M. Bodiford A Kuroda Institute Book University of Hawaii Press • Honolulu © 1993 Kuroda Institute All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 93 94 95 96 97 98 5 4 3 2 1 The Kuroda Institute for the Study of Buddhism and Human Values is a nonprofit, educational corporation, founded in 1976. One of its primary objectives is to promote scholarship on the historical, philosophical, and cultural ramifications of Buddhism. In association with the University of Hawaii Press, the Institute also publishes Classics in East Asian Buddhism, a series devoted to the translation of significant texts in the East Asian Buddhist tradition. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bodiford, William M. 1955- Sotd Zen in medieval Japan / William M. Bodiford. p. cm.—(Studies in East Asian Buddhism ; 8) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8248-1482-7 l.Sotoshu—History. I. Title. II. Series. BQ9412.6.B63 1993 294.3’927—dc20 92-37843 CIP University of Hawaii Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources Designed by Kenneth Miyamoto For B. -
Chapter Five Reassessing the Wall
CHA pt ER FIVE re a ss e ss i n g T h e wa l l Pa i n T i n g S o f hō r y ū j i do r o T h y c. wo n g Perhaps no other Japanese painting or set of paintings has received as much scholarly attention as the wall murals of the Kondō (Main Hall or Golden Hall) of Hōryūji.1 Created at a time when Japan was actively import- ing and assimilating the continental culture of Tang China, the murals show a complex program as well as an eclectic mix of artistic styles that include elements of Indian, Central Asian, and Tang Chinese conventions. For more than a century, there have been periodic intense debates about the iconogra- phy, dating, and style of the murals. For research carried out before World War II, none surpassed the comprehensiveness of Naitō Tōichirō’s 內藤藤 一郎 1932 work, made available to the English reader through the transla- tion by William R. B. Acker and Benjamin Rowland, Jr. (1943). Scholars generally agree that the wall paintings in the Kondō were completed about the same time the reconstruction of the temple was finished, which would give an approximate date of 690 to 710 (see section on dating). In 1949, a tragic fire destroyed or defaced most of the murals, but photo- graphs taken before the fire allow for detailed examination.2 This tragic fire sparked further interest, so that some of the research conducted by Japanese scholars immediately before and after the war and the fire was introduced in Western journals by Dietrich Seckel (1949a, 1949b) and Alexander C.