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Critical Perspectives on Migration in the Twenty-First Century This E-Book Is Provided Without Charge Via Free Download by E-International Relations ( EDITED BY i MARIANNA KARAKOULAKI, LAURA SOUTHGATE & JAKOB STEINER Critical Perspectives on Migration in the Twenty-First Century This e-book is provided without charge via free download by E-International Relations (www.E-IR.info). It is not permitted to be sold in electronic format under any circumstances. If you enjoy our free e-books, please consider leaving a small donation to allow us to continue investing in open access publications: http://www.e-ir.info/about/donate/ i Critical Perspectives on Migration in the Twenty-First Century EDITED BY MARIANNA KARAKOULAKI, LAURA SOUTHGATE & JAKOB STEINER ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, England 2018 ISBN 978-1-910814-41-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-910814-42-0 (e-book) This book is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. You are free to: • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries, including for licensing and translation requests. Other than the terms noted above, there are no restrictions placed on the use and dissemination of this book for student learning materials/scholarly use. Production: Michael Tang Cover Image: Dimitris Tosidis A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. iii E-IR Edited Collections Series Editors: Stephen McGlinchey, Marianna Karakoulaki and Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska Books Editor: Cameran Clayton Editorial assistance: Matt Harker, Majer Ma, Xolisile Ntuli, Max Nurnus and Farah Saleem E-IR’s Edited Collections are open access scholarly books presented in a format that preferences brevity and accessibility while retaining academic conventions. Each book is available in print and digital versions, and is published under a Creative Commons license. As E-International Relations is committed to open access in the fullest sense, free electronic versions of all of our books, including this one, are available on our website. Find out more at: http://www.e-ir.info/publications About the E-International Relations website E-International Relations (www.E-IR.info) is the world’s leading open access website for students and scholars of international politics, reaching over 3 million unique readers. E-IR’s daily publications feature expert articles, blogs, reviews and interviews – as well as student learning resources. The website is run by a registered non-profit organisation based in Bristol, UK and staffed with an all-volunteer team of students and scholars. iv Abstract Thousands of people risk their lives daily by crossing borders in search of a better life. During 2015, over one million of these people arrived in Europe. Images of refugees in distress became headline news in what was con- sidered to be the worst humanitarian crisis in Europe since 1945. This book provides a critical overview of recent migration flows and offers answers as to why people flee, what happens during their flight and investigates the various responses to mass migratory movements. Divided in two parts, the book addresses long-running academic, policy and domestic debates, drawing on case studies of migration in Europe, the Middle East and the Asia Pacific. Coming from a variety of different fields, the contributors provide an interdisciplinary approach and open the discussion on the reasons why migration should be examined critically. v Acknowledgements First of all, we would like to thank all the contributors to this book. We tried to gather scholars and practitioners from different academic fields and from different stages in their careers in order to provide a more interdisciplinary narrative to this book. We are thankful for their trust and patience. Finally, we would like to dedicate this book to all those who risk their lives in order to reach safe shores and yet remain unknown to most of us whilst making a huge difference in these uncertain times and spaces. Editors Marianna Karakoulaki is Articles Editor and a Director of E-International Relations. She is an award winning journalist and foreign correspondent. She regularly reports as a freelance foreign correspondent for Deutsche Welle and has worked with IRIN, The Telegraph, Middle East Eye, CBC Radio, Voice of America, BBC Radio, Channel 4 News, Radio Television Suisse, Human Rights Watch and Refugees International among others. Laura Southgate is a Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Aston University. She is a regular contributor for Global Risk Insights and a Senior Commissioning Editor for E-International Relations. Her research focuses on regional intervention and state resistance to sovereignty violation in Southeast Asia. Her work has been published in International Politics, Intelligence and National Security, and Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. Jakob Steiner is a PhD student at the Department of Physical Geography at Universiteit Utrecht, the Netherlands and a Senior Commissioning Editor for E-International Relations. He has conducted field research on drivers of local migration and rural development in rural Pakistan and on the paths of Pakistani men leaving along the common refugee routes for Europe. vi Contributors Sally Clark attained her doctorate from Swinburne University in 2016. Her PhD, titled ‘Navigating Asylum: Journeys from Indonesia to Australia’ charts the precarious nature of life in transit for Hazara asylum seekers undergoing refugee status determination and explores the connection between conditions in transit and irregular migration. She is currently lecturing in international politics and conducting research on displacement and exceptionality in marginalised groups. Kamel Doraï is a researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research currently based at IFPO, Jordan and research associate at MIGRINTER, University of Poitiers. His work focuses mainly on asylum seekers and refugees in the Middle East. He is currently conducting research on Syrian and Palestinian refugees from Syria in Jordan and Lebanon as well as on the urbanization process of Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. Susana Ferreira holds a PhD in International Relations and International Security from the NOVA University of Lisbon and the Instituto Universitario General Gutiérrez Mellado. She is a researcher with the Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI), NOVA University and the Centro de Investigação de Segurança e Defesa do IUM (CISDI). She has been a visiting scholar at the Instituto Universitario General Gutiérrez Mellado and at the Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University. Andriani Fili is part of the interdisciplinary research group of Border Criminologies as managing editor of the blog and social media, and a Research Associate at the University of Oxford Centre for Criminology. She is a PhD candidate at the University of Lancaster. Her research focuses on resistance in women’s immigration detention centres in Greece. She has published on immigration detention in Greece and is currently co-editing a book on criminal justice research in an era of mass mobility. Benjamin Hulme is a PhD candidate in EU Law at the University of Warwick. His primary research interest is EU migration and asylum law, in particular, returns and readmission. His wider interests include EU constitutional, human rights and external relations law and policy. He holds an LL.B. Law degree and an LL.M. in International Human Rights Law from the University of York. Amadu Wurie Khan is an independent researcher and consultant on forced migration, international development, the news media and social policy. He has contributed to teaching and research at the University of Edinburgh and Njala University. Amadu Khan is a human rights journalist and storyteller- vii performer artist. He is currently a Senior Research Fellow at the Nomoli Media Group. Dora Kostakopoulou is Professor of European Union Law, European Integration and Public Policy at Warwick Law School. She was Co-director of the Institute of Law, Economy and Global Governance at the University of Manchester (2005–2011) and Director of the Centre for European Law at the University of Southampton (2011–2012). She was British Academy, Thank Offering to Britain Fellow (2003–2004) and recipient of an Innovation Award by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (2004–2005). Anitta Kynsilehto holds an Academy of Finland Postdoctoral Fellowship (2015–2018) for a project titled ‘Everyday politics of solidarity: Undocumented Mobilities in Europe and the Mediterranean’. She works at the Tampere Peace Research Institute and is the author of Choreographies of Resistance: Mobile Bodies and Relational Politics (with Tarja Väyrynen, Eeva Puumala, Samu Pehkonen and Tiina Vaittinen; Rowman & Littlefield, 2017) and Gender and Mobility: A Critical Introduction (with Elina Penttinen; Rowman & Littlefield, 2017). She serves as board member to the EuroMed Rights network. Nicola Langdon researches and lectures in International Relations and sustainability issues at the University of Plymouth. Her research interests lie predominantly in the realms
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