Sophora flavescens LC Taxonomic Authority: Aiton  Global Assessment  Regional Assessment Region: Global  Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names angustifolia Siebold & Zucc. Sophora flavescens s (Siebold & Zucc.)Yakovlev Sophora flavescens v (Siebold & Zucc.)Kitag.

Upper Level Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name:  Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

General Information Distribution Species distributed in temperate Asia, from far east Russia to Japan and Taiwan.

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 1500  Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 0  Antarctic Map Status: Depth  Australasian Upper limit:  Neotropical Lower limit:  Oceanian Depth Zones  Palearctic  Shallow photic  Bathyl  Hadal  Indomalayan  Photic  Abyssal  Nearctic Population The population size of this species is not known but recent surveys in 2006 recorded a population of just three in China (MSBP).

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology Sophora flavescens is a perennial herb which occurs in evergreen forests, scrub, hill slopes and farm fields.

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative  Terrestrial  Freshwater  Nomadic  Congregatory/Dispersive  Is the species a wild relative of a crop?  Marine  Migratory  Altitudinally migrant

Growth From Definition Forb or Herb Biennial or perennial herbacaeous plant, also termed a Hemicryptophyte Shrub - size unkno Perennial shrub (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte if >1m or a Chamaephyte if <1m

Threats There are no known major threats to this species.

Past Present Future 13 None    Conservation Measures Specimens have been collected from within protected areas such as Seto-Naikai and Nikko National Parks in Japan and Yushan and Taroko National Parks in Taiwan. Seeds have been collected as part of the Millennium Seed Bank Project. It is known to occur in 33 Botanical Gardens worlwide.

In Place Needed 3 Research actions   3.5 Threats   3.9 Trends/Monitoring   4 Habitat and site-based actions   4.4 Protected areas   5 Species-based actions   5.7 Ex situ conservation actions   5.7.2 Genome resource bank   5.8 Other  

Countries of Occurrence

PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly Extinct Presence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only China             Japan             Korea, Republic of             Mongolia             Russian Federation             Taiwan, Province of China             United Kingdom            

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 1 Forest 1 Suitable Unset 3 Shrubland 1 Suitable Unset 14 Artificial/Terrestrial 1 Suitable Unset

Species Utilisation  Species is not utilised at all

Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 13. Pets/display animals, horticulture    3. Medicine - human and veterinary    4. Poisons    5. Manufacturing chemicals    6. Other chemicals    The root is anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, astringent, bitter, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, parasiticide, pectoral, stomachic and tonic, but the plant is poisonous when used in quantity.

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Unknown Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: Unknown CITES status: Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment: (using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct?  Possibly Extinct Candidate?  Rationale for the Red List Assessment S. flavescens is listed as Least Concern. It is a species widely distributed in temperate Asia, it is known to occur in protected areas and the population is believed to be stable at present. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment:  Genuine Change  Nongenuine Change  No Change  Genuine (recent)  New information  Taxonomy  Same category  Genuine (since first assessment)  Knowledge of Criteria  Criteria Revisio and criteria  Incorrect data used  Other  Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 05/08/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Lopez, L. Evaluator(s): Notes:

% population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Bean, W.J., 1970, Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, , , Kurbatski,V.I., 1994, Flora Sibiriae, , , Novosibirsk MSBP, 2010, Millennium Seed Bank Project. Seed Bank Database. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew., , , Plants For A Future, 1996-2010, Plants For A Future, Earth, Plants, People, , , USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, 2010, Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN)16 June, , National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. and Hong, D.Y., 2010, Flora of China, , Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis., Yeung, H.C., 1985, Handbook of Chinese Herbs and Formulas, Institute of Chinese Medicine, , , Los Angeles