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Ontario Geological Survey Mineral Deposits Circular 24
Gold Deposits of the Atikokan Area by S.J. Wilkinson
A project funded by the Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs.
1982
Ministry of Hon A|an w Minister W.T.Foster ReSOUrceS Deputy Minister Ontario OMNR-OGS 1982 ISSN 0706-4551 Printed in Canada ISBN 0-7743-6768-7
Publications of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and price list are available through the
Ministry of Natural Resources, Public Service Centre, Room 1640, Whitney Block, Queen©s Park, Toronto, Ontario, M7A 1W3 (personal shopping and mail orders),
and reports only from the Ontario Government Bookstore, Main Floor, 880 Bay St., Toronto (personal shopping).
Out-of-town customers may write to Ministry of Government Services, Publications Services Section, 5th Floor, 880 Bay St., Toronto, Ontario, M7A 1N8. Telephone: 965- 6015; toll-free long distance, 1-800-268-7540; or in Area Code 807, dial 0-Zenith 67200.
Orders for publications should be accompanied by cheque or money order payable to the Treasurer of Ontario.
This project was funded by the Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs under the Atikokan Geological Survey program.
Every possible effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this report, but the Ministry of Natural Resources does not assume any liability for er rors that may occur. Source references are included in the report and users may wish to verify critical information.
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that ref erence to this report be made in the following form: Wilkinson, S. J. 1982: Gold Deposits of the Atikokan Area; Ontario Geological Survey, Mineral De posits Circular 24,54p.
3000-1982-TP
11 FOREWORD
Gold deposits in granitoid rocks and metavolcanics in the Atikokan area have been known since the late 1800s. Small amounts of gold have been mined from a number of these deposits; for the most part this mining occurred around the turn of the century, al though the area produced gold as recently as 1966. This report presents the results of a program initiated in 1978 to document the geologi cal settings of the gold mineralization and to assess the potential for more gold mineraliza tion in the Atikokan area, in order to stimulate further mineral exploration in the area. The project was part of the Atikokan Geological Survey program, funded by the Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs.
E.G. Pye Director Ontario Geological Survey
m IV CONTENTS
Page ABSTRACT...... vii INTRODUCTION...... 1 Acknowledgments ...... 1 Previous Geological Work ...... 2 Regional Geology...... 5 GOLD MINERALIZATION ...... 6 Introduction ...... 6 Marmion Lake Batholith Type...... 6 Contact Zone Type ...... 13 Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type ...... 13 DISCUSSION ...... 17 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE EXPLORATION ...... 20 Marmion Lake Batholith Type...... ,...... 20 Contact Zone Type...... 20 Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type ...... 20 DESCRIPTIONS OF DEPOSITS ...... 21 1. Minto Mine ...... 21 2. Reserve Island Occurrence...... 21 3. Sunbeam Mine ...... 23 4. Roy Mine...... 23 5. Pettigrew Mine...... 24 6. Hawk Bay Occurrence ...... 26 7. Golden Winner Mine...... 26 8. Sawbill Mine (Upper Seine Mine) ...... 28 9. Hammond Reef Mine...... ,...... 30 10. PlatorGralouise Prospect...... 33 11. Jack Lake Mine ...... 33 12. Atiko (Sapawe) Gold Mine ...... 34 13. Day Lake Occurrence ...... 36 14. Snow Lake Occurrence...... 37 15. B.W. Tripp Claims (Blackfly Occurrence) ...... 39 16. New Golden Twins Occurrence ...... 41 17. Rebair Occurrence ...... 41 18. Elizabeth Mine ...... 42 19. Harold Lake Mine ...... 44 20. Mayflower Mine ...... 46 21. Red Paint Lake Occurrence (Sawdo Claims) ...... 47 REFERENCES ...... 51 INDEX ...... 53
TABLES
1. List of previously published literature ...... 3 2. Deposits of the Marmion Lake Batholith Type...... 6 3. Deposits of the Contact Zone Type...... 7 4. Deposits of the Stratabound Type ...... 7 5. Major and trace element composition of gneissic trondhjemites of the Marmion Lake Batholith ..... 9 6. Major and trace element composition of essentially unaltered massive trondhjemites related to gold mineralization in the Marmion Lake Batholith ...... 10 7. Composition of progressively altered and sheared massive trondhjemites with locations relative to lateral distance from mineralization ...... 11 8. Trace metal compositions of quartz veins of the Marmion Lake Batholith Type mineralization ...... 12 9. Major element and trace metal compositions of representative rock types of the Marmion Lake Batholith contact zone ...... 15 10. Major element and trace metal compositions of representative rock types of the Dashwa Lake Batholith contact zone ...... 16 11. Trace metal compositions of quartz-carbonate veins of the Contact Zone Type mineralization ...17 12. Trace metal compositions of Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type mineralization ...... 18 FIGURES
1. Location of the Atikokan area ...... 2 2. Locations of gold deposits...... 2 3. Regional geology of the Atikokan area ...... 5 4. Batholithic rocks and lineament structures of the Atikokan area ...... 8 5. Modred Lake area ...... 14 6. Minto mine and vicinity ...... 22 7. Sunbeam mine ...... 23 8. Roy mine ...... 24 9. Pettigrew mine ...... 25 10. Hawk Bay mine ...... 27 11. Sawbill mine ...... 29 12. Hammond Reef mine ...... 31 13. Plator Gralouise prospect ...... 32 14. Jack Lake mine ...... 33 15. Atiko (Sapawe) mine...... 35 16. Day Lake occurrence...... 37 17. Snow Lake occurrence ...... 38 18. Blackfly occurrence ...... 40 19. Golden Twins occurrence ...... 41 20. Elizabeth mine ...... 43 21. Harold Lake mine ...... 45 22. Mayflower mine ...... 46 23. Metal occurrences in the Sawdo claim group ...... 48 24. Geology of the Sawdo claims ...... 49
vi ABSTRACT
The Atikokan area, located 200 km west of Thunder Bay, contains several gold depos its. Seven past-producing deposits and fourteen prospects and occurrences were exam ined through a procedure of literature search, geological mapping, and sampling, followed by petrographic and geochemical studies. Three types of gold mineralization are defined for the area: i) Marmion Lake Batholith Type occurs in the gneissic massif core of the batholith associated with northeasterly trending regional lineaments and late trondhjemites which are locally sheared. Shearing strikes parallel to the lineaments and occurred during two or more episodes, the latest of which is related to the mineralization. ii) Contact Zone Type is contained by the plutonic rocks which border the gneissic batholiths along the metavolcanic belt contact. Thin, discontinuous shear zones host the mineralization which is related to at least two eposides of shearing. iii) Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type is associated with laterally extensive beds of altered felsic tuffs and pyritiferous chemical sediments. The mineralization is due to epigenetic enrichment of gold associated with, in one instance, the intrusion of quartz-feldspar porphyry, and in the other, faulting and shearing.
Vll Conversion Factors for Measurements in Ontario Geological Survey Publications
If the reader wishes to convert imperial units to SI (metric) units or SI units to imperial units the following multipliers should be used:
CONVERSION FROM SI TO IMPERIAL CONVERSION FROM IMPERIAL TO SI
SI Unit Multiplied by Gives Imperial Unit Multiplied by Gives
LENGTH 1 mm 0.03937 inches 1 inch 25.4 mm 1 cm 0.393 70 inches 1 inch 2.54 cm 1 m 3.280 84 feet 1 foot 0.3048 m 1 m 0.049 709 7 chains 1 chain 20.1168 m 1 km 0.621 371 miles (statute) 1 mile (statute) 1.609344 km
AREA 1 cm2 0.1550 square inches 1 square inch 6.451 6 cm2 1 m2 10.7639 square feet 1 square foot 0.09290304 m2 1 km2 0.38610 square miles 1 square mile 2.589988 km2 1 ha 2.471 054 acres 1 acre 0.404 685 6 ha
VOLUME 1 cm3 0.061 02 cubic inches 1 cubic inch 16.387064 cm3 1 m3 35.3147 cubic feet 1 cubic foot 0.02831685 m3 1m3 1 .308 0 cubic yards 1 cubic yard 0.764555 m3
CAPACITY 1 L 1 .759 755 pints 1 pint 0.568 261 L 1 L 0.879 877 quarts 1 quart 1.136522 L 1 L 0.219969 gallons 1 gallon 4.546090 L
MASS 19 0.03527396 ounces (avdp) 1 ounce (avdp) 28.349 523 g 19 0.03215075 ounces (troy) 1 ounce (troy) 31.1034768 g 1kg 2.20462 pounds (avdp) 1 pound (avdp) 0.45359237 kg 1 kg 0.001 1023 tons (short) 1 ton (short) 907.18474 kg 1 1 1.102311 tons (short) 1 ton (short) 0.90718474 t 1kg 0.00098421 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1016.0469088 kg 1t 0.9842065 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1.0160469088 t
CONCENTRATION ig/t 0.0291666 ounce (troy)/ 1 ounce (troy)/ 34.2857142 g/t ton (short) ton (short) ig/t 0.58333333 pennyweights/ 1 pennyweight/ 1.7142857 g/t ton (short) ton (short)
OTHER USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS 1 ounce (troyj/ton (short) 20.0 pennyweights/ton (short) 1 pennyweight/ton (short) 0.05 ounce (troyyton (short)
NOTE Conversion factors which are in bold type are exact. The conversion factors have been taken from or have been derived from factors given in the Metric Practice Guide for the Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Industries published by The Mining Association of Canada in coop eration with the Coal Association of Canada. viii Gold Deposits of the Atikokan Area
by
S. J. Wilkinson1 INTRODUCTION * detailed geological mapping and sampling of the deposit and mineralization, and * geochemical and petrographic studies of host and The town of Atikokan is located approximately 200 mineralized rock. km west of Thunder Bay, Ontario, in the District of Rainy The literature search supplemented by data from the River. The study area, Figure 1, occurs within a 45 km ra Assessment Files provided the basis for selection of dius of Atikokan. It includes the townships of Tanner, As mapping targets. All deposits which produced gold were mussen, Baker, Freeborn, Schwenger, McCaul, Hutchin chosen, as well as occurrences of known potential. Simi son, and Ramsay Wright, plus the region northeast to the lar areas, but barren of gold mineralization, were investi Lumby Lake (or Red Paint Lake) area. gated for comparative purposes. Iron, gold, and base metal deposits have been Geological mapping was carried out at both regional known to exist in the area since the late 1800s (Coleman (1:15 840) and detailed (1:3 600 and 1:600) scales. Sam 1895, p.58). Early operating mines were the Atikokan iron pling was done so that a representative suite of rock mine near Sapawe, Ontario, and the Harold Lake, Eliza types was collected for each deposit. beth, and Hammond Reef gold mines (Figure 2). The The laboratory work consisted of petrographic stud Steep Rock iron deposits were producing continuously ies and geochemical analyses. Samples of mineralization from 1944 to 1979, and in 1967 the Atikokan area was and host rocks were analyzed for their content of gold, sil Ontario©s principal source of iron ore (Shklanka 1972). ver, copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten; Currently no mines are operating in the area but some samples were further analyzed for arsenic. Host many deposits are being investigated. The Atikokan iron rocks were also analyzed for 11 major element composi range is being examined for its cobalt potential, plus its tions. All of the analytical work was done by the Geosci copper, nickel, and iron content (Fenwick et al. 1980). ence Laboratories of the Ontario Geological Survey, To Several gold deposits that had previously been mined or ronto. prospected are now being re-evaluated. The Atiko (for This report contains descriptions of the geological merly Sapawe), Jack Lake, and Elizabeth gold mines are settings and diagnostic features of the gold mineraliza notable examples of deposits under consideration. tion of the Atikokan area. A classification scheme is pro A study of the mineral deposits of the Atikokan area posed for the types of deposits in the area. A discussion was initiated in May of 1978 (MacRae 1978). Its purpose of future exploration targets and techniques is given at was to evaluate the mineral potential and to document the the end of the report. Brief descriptions and background geological settings of mineralization with particular em summaries for each deposit are contained in the phasis on gold deposits. The project was intended to Descriptions of Deposits. stimulate mineral exploration and interest in the area by documenting the known occurrences and outlining po tential for future work. Each of the 21 deposits (Figure 2) examined during Acknowledgments 1978 and 1979 was investigated as follows: * research of literature, Work done during the first year of the program was * analysis of data from Assessment File Research undertaken by W.E. MacRae who, in addition to visiting Office, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto, many of the deposits, compiled a thorough data base for the project from several sources: the Assessment File Re search Office, Ontario Geological Survey, Toronto; ex Geologist, Mineral Deposits Section, Ontario Geological Sur ploration company private files; and the published litera vey, Toronto. ture. The author was ably assisted by T. Trowell during Manuscript approved for publication by Chief, Mineral Deposits the 1979 field season. Several people were instrumental Section, June 25,1980. in helping the author locate many of the deposits, namely This report is published with the permission of E.G. Pye, Director, P. Sawdo and family, M. Wicheruk, R. Bernatchez, B. Ontario Geological Survey. Staines, and D. Beckett. Figure 1—Location of the Atikokan area.
Figure 2—Locations of gold deposits of the Atikokan area. Refer also to Tables 2, 3, and 4. Throughout the program, equipment, advice, and Previous Geological Work encouragement were provided by C.R. Larsen, and Min istry of Natural Resources personnel of the Atikokan and Several geologists have contributed to the know Thunder Bay District Offices, and the Thunder Bay Re ledge of the geology of the Atikokan area (Table 1). Cole gional Office (particularly K.G. Fenwick, Thunder Bay Re man (1895,1896a, 1896b, 1897) first described the gold gional Office). The author would also like to thank J.B. deposits of the area. The first geological map of the area Gordon, J.A. Robertson, and A.C. Colvine, of the Ontario was completed by Mcinnes (1899). Subsequent descrip Geological Survey in Toronto, who directed the writing of tions of the area©s gold deposits are contained in the re this manuscript. ports of the Crown mining inspectors such as Bow (1898,
TABLE 1 LIST OF PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED LITERATURE
DATE REFERENCE TITLE LOCATION (S)
1891 Smy the (1891) Structural Geology of Steep Rock Lake Steep Rock Lake
1894 Coleman (1895, p. 58) Gold in Ontario: Its Associated Rocks Harold Lake mine and Minerals
1895 Coleman (1896a, p. 68-72) Second Report on the Gold Fields of Atikokan area Western Ontario
1896 Coleman (1897. p. 74-79) Third Report on the West Ontario Atikokan area Gold Region
1896 Coleman (1896b, p. 5) The Gold Fields of Western Ontario, Harold Lake mine Canada
1897 Mcinnes (1899) Report on the Geology of the Area Atikokan area Covered by the Seine River and Lake Shebandowan Map Sheets
1899 Bow (1899, p. 87-93) Mines of Northwestern Ontario Atikokan area
1899 De Kalb (1899, p. 4142) The Condition of Ontario Mines Hammond Reef mine, Sawbill mine, and Roy mine
1901 Carter (1901, p. 103-107) Mines of Northwest Ontario: Part 2 Atikokan area
1902 Carter (1902, p. 239-242) Mines of Ontario Atikokan area
1906 Corkill (1906, p. 48*50) Mines of Ontario Minto mine and Sunbeam mine
1907 Corkill (1907, p. 56, 57, 60) Mines of Ontario White Lily mine and Minto mine
1912 Lawson (1912, p. 7-15) The Geology of Steep Rock Lake, Ontario Steep Rock Lake
1925 Bruce (1925) Gold Deposits of Kenora and Rainy Atikokan area River Districts
1929 Hawley (1930, p. 1-58) Geology of the Sapawe Lake Area, East Half of the Atikokan area with Notes on Some Iron and Gold Deposits of Rainy River District
1939 Gardiner (1939) The Gold Deposits of the Atikokan Atikokan area Area, Ontario
1939 Moore (1940) Geology and Ore Deposits of the West Half of the Atikokan area Atikokan Area
1960 Woolverton (1960) The Geology of the Lumby Lake Area Northeast part of Atikokan area TABLE 1 Continued
DATE REFERENCE TITLE LOCATION (S)
1960 Young (1960) Geology of the Bennett-Tanner Area West side of Atikokan area
1965 Pye and Fenwick (1965) Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet, Kenora, Atikokan area Rainy River, and Thunder Bay Districts
1971 Fenwick (1971) The Origin of a Stratabound Pyrite Finlayson Lake Deposit in Predominantly Volcanic Derived Strata in the Finlayson Lake Area, District of Rainy River, Ontario
1971 Ferguson, Groen, and Haynes (1971) Gold Deposits of Ontario, Part 1, Atikokan area Districts of Algoma, Cochrane, Kenora, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay
1972 Shklanka (1972) Geology of the Steep Rock Lake Area, Portions of Schwenger and District of Rainy River, Part 1 Freeborn Townships
1973 Mcilwaine and Chorlton (1973, East Half of Sapawe Lake Area, Portions of McCaul and Hutchinson p. 71-74) District of Rainy River Townships and area
1974 Mcilwaine and Hillary (1974) West Half of Sapawe Lake Area, Portions of McCaul and Hutchinson District of Rainy River Townships and area
1974 Mackasey, Blackburn, and Trowell A Regional Approach to the Wabigoon- Arikokan area (1974) Quetico Belts and Its Bearing on Exploration in Northwestern Ontario
1975 Grabowski (1975) Geology and Geochemistry of the Sapawe, Ontario Atikokan Iron Mine
1976 Fenwick (1976a) Geology of the Finlayson Lake Area, West central part of the Atikokan District of Rainy River area
1978 MacRae (1978) Mineral Deposits of the Atikokan Area Atikokan area
1978 Morgan (1978) Structure of the Finlayson Lake Finlayson Lake Greenstone Belt
1978 Pirie (1978) Geology of the Crooked Pine Lake Trottier and Weaver Townships Area, District of Rainy River, Ontario and area
1979 Fumerton (1979) The Righteye Lake Area, Portions of Asmussen, Baker, and District of Rainy River Freeborn Townships, and area
1979 Wilkinson (1979) Gold Mineralization of the Atikokan Area Atikokan area
1980 Fenwick, Larsen, Scott, Mason, 1979 Report of the North Central Atikokan area and Schnieders (1980) Regional Geologist
1899, 1900), Carter (1901), and Corkill (1906,1907). The ton (1960), Young (1960), Shklanka (1972), Mackasey et first detailed geological maps with descriptions of gold al. (1974), Fenwick (1976a), and Pirie (1978) contain brief deposits are contained in the report by Bruce (1925). The descriptions of gold deposits and occurrences based geological maps and reports of Hawley (1930) and upon visits to the area and the previous literature. Moore (1940) are thorough and are of a high standard. Some information on gold deposits such as loca Gardiner (1939) was the first more modern study of the tions, ore grades, and geological settings are contained area©s deposits and introduced many concepts which are in the reports of Mcilwaine and Chorlton (1973), Mcil not yet disputed. waine and Hillary (1974), MacRae (1978), Fumerton The subsequent geological reports such as Woolver (1979), Wilkinson (1979), and Fenwick era/. (1980).
4 Regional Geology 1979). Minor granodiorite and trondhjemite occur in the contact zone between the metavolcanic belts and bathol The Atikokan area is underlain by early Precambrian iths. rocks of the Superior Structural Province, including parts South of the Quetico Fault, the dominantly metasedi- of the Wabigoon and Quetico Subprovinces (Figure 3). ments form a belt which is contiguous across the south The east-trending Quetico Fault marks the boundary be ern part of the study area. The rocks consist of meta tween the subprovinces (Mackasey era/. 1974). morphosed wackes, argillites, and carbonaceous The Wabigoon Subprovince, north of the fault, is sediments (Pirie 1978; Fumerton 1979). Small ultramafic composed of narrow metavolcanic belts and granitic sills and granitic stocks occur throughout the metasedi- batholiths. The metavolcanics aie mainly metamorp mentary belt (Pye and Fenwick 1965). hosed varieties of mafic to intermediate flows interdigi- The Quetico Fault is the dominant regional structure. tated with felsic volcanic rocks and minor sedimentary It extends easterly across the area, marked by prominent units. The Marmion Lake Batholith in the east-central part lineaments, and bounded by zones of schistose to mylon of the study area is a complex of gneissic trondhjemites itic rocks (Mcilwaine and Chorlton 1973; Mcilwaine and and monzonites (Pirie 1978). The Dashwa Lake Batholith Hillary 1974; Fumerton 1979). Hawley (1930) demon in the western half of the area is composed of mainly biot strated that movement along the fault was primarily right- ite and hornblende granite, quartz monzonite, quartz lateral horizontal displacement. East of Perch Lake, sev diorite, and granite gneiss (Fenwick 1976; Fumerton eral lineaments trend toward the northeast from the
LEGEND 0 Felsic Intrusive Rocks EH Wabigoon Metavolcanic Belt 0 Quetico Metasedimentary Belt Quetico Fault - Faults fi* Lineaments
Figure 3—Regional geology of the Atikokan area, adapted after Hawley (1930), Moore (1940), Woolverton (1960), Pye and Fenwick (1965), Shklanka (1972), and Fenwick (1976a). Quetico Fault. Some of these lineaments can be traced iii) Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type concor for distances of 80 km. dant lenses of chert or carbonate with associated quartz-carbonate veins, hosted by metavolcanics (Ta ble^. Figure 2 shows the locations of gold deposits; the GOLD MINERALIZATION key for the location map is contained in Tables 2,3, and 4. Gold, in all three types of mineralization, is concen trated in quartz and quartz-carbonate veins with subsidi Introduction ary silver, copper, lead, and zinc. The process of gold en Gold occurrences are common throughout the Atiko richment into the veins is multi-stage and is a kan area, but many of them are only recently documented combination of some or all of the following: (Fenwick etal. 1980; Wilkinson 1979; MacRae 1978). The * deposition or emplacement of the host granitic deposits that were examined during the course of this rock into the country rock; study occur in a range of geological settings. Three gen * alteration of the host granitic rock by hydrothermal eral types of mineralization are recognized in the study solutions and formation of the veins; and area: * hydrothermal mobilization of gold and its ultimate i) Marmion Lake Batholith Type quartz veins within deposition in the veins. shear zones associated with northeast-trending linea ments in the batholith (Table 2); Marmion Lake Batholith Type ii) Contact Zone Type quartz-carbonate veins within narrow shear zones located at or near the contacts of The Marmion Lake Batholith (Figure 4) underlies a 25 batholiths and metavolcanic belts (Table 3); and km wide area that persists for 100 km east of Finlayson
TABLE 2 DEPOSITS OF THE MARMION LAKE BATHOLITH TYPE
NUMBER* NAME OF STATUS** ACCESSORY MINERALS* AVERAGE GRADE Au ft REFERENCE DEPOSIT (g/t) (ounce/ton)
1 Minto mine ank, py, asp, cp. Au N.D. N.D.
2 Reserve Island py, gn, asp, Au© 7.89 0.23 MacRae (1978, p. 206) occurrence
3 Sunbeam mine pp ank, py, gn. Au 14.74 0.43 Tremblay (1946, p. 20)
4 Roy mine p ank, py,gn N.D. N.D.
5 Pettigrew mine p ank, py, cp, asp, gn N.D. N.D.
6 Hawk Bay occurrences p py, ank N.D. N.D.
7 Golden Winner mine pp ank, py 9.94 0.29 Tremblay (1946, p. 21)
8 Sawbill mine pp ank, py, cp, gn, asp, sp 8.57 0.25 Tremblay (1940, p. 22)
9 Hammond Reef mine pp py, ank, gn, cp, sp. Au 10.29 0.30 Tremblay (1940, p. 22)
10 Plator Gralouise p py, cp, gn. Au N.D. N.D. prospect
11 Jack Lake mine p ank, py, cp, gn, sp, cp. Au 15.57 0.454 Canadian Mines Handbook (1962, p. 93)
* Number: Occurrence located by number in Figure 12 ** Status : p s partially developed or prospected occurrence pp s past producer t Accessory Minerals: ank z ankerite; py - pyrite; asp ~ arsenopyrite; cp ~ chalcopyrite; sp ** sphalerite; gn c galena; mo ~ molybdenite; and Au ~ visible gold tt N.D. ~ no data TABLE 3 DEPOSITS OF THE CONTACT ZONE TYPE
NUMBER* NAME OF STATUS** ACCESSORY MINERALSf AVERAGE GRADE Au ft REFERENCE DEPOSIT (g/t) (ounce/ton)
12 Atiko Gold mine PP ank, py, cp, sp, schee. Au 4.80 0.14 Riddell (1969, p. 52) Sapawe)
13 Day Lake occurrence o PV, cp, gn N.D. N.D.
14 Snow Lake occurrence o py, cp,sp, gn N.D. N.D.
15 Tripp claims P ank, py,gn N.D. N.D.
16 Golden Twins P py, ank, cp, mo, gn, sp, asp N.D. N.D. occurrence
17 Rebair occurrence P ank, py,cp N.D. N.D.
18 Elizabeth mine PP py, ank, cp, asp, schee 13.72 0.4 Tremblay (1940, p. 22)
19 Harold Lake mine PP py, ank, asp, cp, sp, gn. Au 20.23 0.59 Ferguson et al. (1971, p. 248)
* Number: Occurrence located by number in Figure 12 ** Status : 0= undeveloped occurrence p ^ partially developed or prospected occurrence pp - past producer t Accessory Minerals: ank s ankerite; py - pyrite; asp s arsenopyrite; cp = chalcopyrite; sp - sphalerite; gn - galena; mo s molybdenite; schee ~ scheelite; and Au - visible gold tt N.D. * no data
TABLE 4 DEPOSITS OF THE METAVOLCANIC-HOSTED STRATABOUND TYPE
NUMBER* NAME OF STATUS** ACCESSORY MINERALS1" AVERAGE GRADE Au ft REFERENCE DEPOSIT (g/t) (ounce/ton)
20 Mayflower mine p py, cp, sp, gn, asp N.D. N.D.
21 Sawdo claims p ank, py, cp, sp, schee 47.3 1.38 Woolverton (1960, p. 47)
* Number: Occurrence located by number in Figure 12 ** Status : p = partially developed or prospected occurrence t Accessory Minerals: ank s ankerite; py z pyrite; asp E arsenopyrite; cp s chalcopyrite; sp s sphalerite; gn - galena; and schee = scheelite tt N.D. - no data
Lake (Pirie 1978). The batholith is a complex of tron- b) variably sheared contact zone between the massif dhjemites, monzonites, diorites, and amphibolites which and metavolcanic belts (Figure 4). are described in detail by Pirie (1978). In general, the ba Morgan (1978, p. 18) similarly showed the batholith to tholith is divisible into two main components: consist of a gneissic core and a marginal plutonic phase. a) principal massif of gneissic rocks and subsidiary The gold occurrences within the massif are associ massive intrusions; and ated with north- to northeast-trending lineaments. These LEGEND Dashwa Lake Batholith Quetico Fault Marmion Lake Gneissic Rock Known Fault Contact Zone Rock Lineament Metavolc- Metased. Belts * Gold Occurrence
Figure 4—Detailed geology of the Atikokan area, showing Batholithic Rocks and Lineament Structures (after Fenwick 1976a). lineaments are expressed topographically as straight k second set of east- to southeast-trending linea shorelines and linear lakes, valleys, and drainage sys ments exists throughout the batholith. Fenwick (1976a) tems. Fenwick (1976a) suggested that these features claims that this represents a regional expression of simi may represent faults, joints, or shear zones. In the Steep larly trending jointing. The prominence and frequency of Rock Lake area, Shklanka (1972) mapped several north occurrence of these lineaments are much less than that east-trending, left-lateral displacement faults. Extensions of the north- to northeast-trending set. Intersections of li of these faults continue into the Marmion Lake Batholith neaments of both sets are common near the gold occur as lineaments. rences (Figure 4). Occasionally the east- to southeast- These structures occur as closely spaced sets of trending lineaments are terminated at these junctions. major and minor lineaments in the vicinity of gold occur The principal country rock adjacent to the gold min rences. The minor lineaments converge with major ones, eralization is gneissic biotite-hornblende trondhjemite in- both northeast and southwest of the mineralization (Fig terlayered with subordinate diorite, leucocratic tron ure 4). dhjemite, and amphibolite. The major element composi-
8 tions of the biotite-hornblende trondhjemites are listed in The unaltered equivalents of the rocks that host the Tables, plus their gold, arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, gold mineralization are massive trondhjemites. Major and and zinc content. Oligoclase is the dominant mineral with selected trace element compositions of two representa quartz, biotite, hornblende, and minor microcline present, tive samples are shown in Table 6. These rocks are non- in order of decreasing abundance. Pirie (1978) stated homogeneous in outcrop and vary from leucocratic oligo that the gneissosity is defined by thin quartz-rich layers or clase trondhjemites to biotite trondhjemites. Individual lenses and the biotite flakes. Pirie (1978, p.39) went on to samples are medium grained; composed of idiomorphic say: oligoclase (An20-3o) with interstitial quartz, biotite, and trace hornblende. All of the primary minerals are some Evidence of ductile crushing is ubiquitous. Quartz-rich areas what altered with plagioclase partially replaced by seri consist of percrystalline aggregates of sutured grains showing cite, epidote, and trace carbonate. Mafic minerals are undulose extinction and mortar texture in places, and are elon rimmed by or completely pseudomorphed by chlorite. gated parallel to the gneissosity. The intensity of strain does not The massive trondhjemites are progressively altered appear, however, to have been severe enough to affect the pla gioclase. with proximity to mineralization. The changes from unaf fected trondhjemites to chloritic schists are gradational
TABLE 5 MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF GNEISSIC TRONDHJEMITES OF THE MARMION LAKE BATHOLITH
SAMPLE NO. W32 W36 W68
Rock Type Biotite- Biotite- Biotite- hornblende hornblende hornblende Trondhjemite Trondhjemite Trondhjemite
Oxide
Si02 69.8 70.7 70.9 AI203 15.2 16.0 16.0 Fe203 0.90 0.75 0.54 FeO 1.83 1.25 1.33 MgO 0.66 0.74 0.72 CaO 2.96 3.15 2.96 Na20 4.64 4.69 4.75 K20 1.21 1.20 1.37 Ti02 0.32 0.27 0.22 0.10 0.08 0.10 MnO 0.03 0.03 0.03 C02 0.20 0.12 0.10 S 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.59 0.70 0.57 H20~ 0.26 0.37 0.32
TOTAL 98.7 100.0 99.9
Au(ppb) 6 8 nd As(ppm) 1 2 nd Cr(ppm) 8 8 nd Cu(ppm) nd 5 nd Pb(ppm) 12 12 10 Zn(ppm) 54 40 44
nd ~ not detected TABLE 6 MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIALLY UNALTERED MASSIVE TRONDHJEMITES RELATED TO GOLD MINERALIZATION IN MARMION LAKE BATHOLITH
SAMPLE NO. W280 W296
Rock Type Biotite Trondhjemite Leucocratic Trondhjemite
Oxide
Si02 63.9 76.5 A1203 16.8 14.7 Fe203 1.88 0.50 FeO 3.49 0.17 MgO 1.96 0.37 CaO 4.18 0.28 Na20 3.63 4.27 K20 1.26 2.36 Ti02 0.65 0.09 P205 0.12 0.05 MnO 0.08 0.01 C02 0.39 0.14 S 0.02 0.02 1.73 0.65 H20~ 0.29 0.30
TOTAL 100.4 100.4
Au(ppb) 3 12 As(ppm) 5 1 Cr(ppm) 5 nd Cu(ppm) 46 nd Pb(ppm) 10 10 Zn(ppm) 96 2
nd = not detected and result essentially from an increased intensity of mineralization, calcite more commonly occurs as very shearing and carbonatization. The shearing occurs in fine interstitial granules and as thin veinlets. lensoid zones that range in thickness from a minimum of Plagioclase is progressively saussuritized with in 10 m as at the Pettigrew mine to 250 m as at the Ham creased carbonate content in the trondhjemites. The mond Reef mine. The shear zones are contained by or saussurite is locally replaced by albite-rich, patchy perth adjacent to a north- to northeast-trending lineament. ite. Trondhjemites consisting of saussurite, albite, quartz, Table 7 is a listing of the chemical analyses of 15 and calcite are a distinctive apple-green (see W61 and samples of sheared trondhjemites. The table is arranged W195; Table 8) and possess a subtle foliation due to so that changes can be identified in the major element alignment of platy minerals subparallel with the shearing. and trace metal components with position relative to min All of the trondhemites contain abundant quartz, oc eralization. The most systematical chemical variations are curring as rounded to interstitial aggregates of fine the marked increases in CO2 and CaO content with prox grains. In the least sheared and altered rocks, quartz dis imity to the mineralization. plays a moderate undulatory extinction which becomes Calcite is the main carbonate mineral in the rocks ad stronger in grains of more highly sheared rocks. Sub- jacent to the mineralization. It is present in massive tron grains are common in the most strained quartz of the foli dhjemites along joint surfaces and filling very fine frac ated rocks and are elongated subparallel with the folia tures. In the rocks that are 5 to 10 m laterally from tion.
10 o 5 ocococotDOCM^T-ooinococo CM CO^-OOOCMCOCMOOO©-OOO O ©O©OOO©O©O^- LATIVE E S l^©- O C C C C CM 0 A toincMcot-r-r©.r^corvr-ooco fS OCfttOCMCOCOtOf^CNOOtOO©-^- U) Ul CN^-O©-T-T-CMCMOOO©-O©-O O ©OT-©DO-OOO ac r*-- occ*-c^- in ut z y; r*. 0 o 00 o OtOOOOCMtCMOOO©-OOO Q TJTJOO-OM-tO oc E f* *- OCCCr-CO LOCATH -i -i o < E rvin - H Ut ^ CMCMCOCOOCfiOOtOCMOCMOO? ^ l- O O CO "- *~ *~ *~ O C r-cCM 5 li. W h-UJ
^ ^©OOO©-CO©-OOO©-OOO CO T3tOOT3^* 2 E r^ T- co c c c CM UJ} in x to o E to z 5 tOincOO©-COCOCMOOOCMO©-O O T3 "D CO in Cft Tf o CO*- OCCtDr-CO cc r- UJ fc o-P55K^SSStS8S5oS5w to life tOCMO©-OCMCM©-OOO©-OOO O CMT3-OOO"OCM MASSIV F2 r^t- Ot-ccc^- 28 o ^ HEARED b! co *- *- *~ *- at f^oocMg cco 2 co O QQ -IDC K 00 CO VI * CMr^OT-eocNCMOOoO©-ooo o o^rtotoocM Q ^- *- CM O CO ^t t CM z < to go 00 ^CMCMOlOltOinCM©SFi^OCMOOOfO CO OCK E to*~CMtO©-CM©-COCOCMOOOCMO©-O CDCO tO-DinCM^CMc t co *~ r* UJ < in !3N E LIVELY)*r -J COCO^COtOO^©-CM^OCMOOOCO *- 1 COIOOT-OCO^tCMOOOCMOOO O O T3 "D CO T3 OO MINERA w X. O in tooooinooooocMCMCMcnr^co O CO GC E CMCOOOOCM^-t-OOOCMOOO CO ©-^ OTJOO &S -1 ^2 -1 o o"-CD OC < S E oc w 6 Q. UJ z CO IO ^~ ^^ ^ ^f ^^ ^^ ^3 C3 ^5 lO ^^ ^5 O ^ ^3 00 ^^ tO ^3 (O i to*- OCOCOCMCCO " z a O l z to p: < Zen i 00en ©-^ O©-O©-COCOOOO©-OOO O CO©-CO©OCOtO y Q r*, i- o c co *t t-l E w < o O oc A Q. in in 2 H CM 0< 2 totOT-cM©-co^: ©-ddddd©-d co eM©-mw©oD! O -1 E c 6 8.2 z "S UJ j J c2 a. 03 2 a* JE?JE? m ^ 4-1 < 9-ao.o-aQ. M C S N(CM?IOOO^O^I O) OCN tj o 1- 3raaaS3 < O qja)O)(0(DCMSpij^d) CMCM O 3w^3,QC f 02 to w SAMPLE NO. W16B W23 W65A W265 W273 W283 W284 W285 W290 W301 Au(ppb) 80 6 18 nd 21 1300 80 ppm 25 55 ppm 5600 Ag(ppm) nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 2 7 4 As(ppm) 4 1 1 22 725 23 2 nd 4 7 Cr(ppm) 46 460 375 356 260 310 460 55 505 600 Cu(ppm) 6 8 nd 9 80 7 625 6 nd 190 Pb(ppm) 140 nd nd nd 14 100 12 nd 118 Zn(ppm) 22 nd 6 34 37 18 10 27 6 3880 *AII samples are representative of the veins, either as chips across the mineralization or as selected grab samples, nd ~ not detected The variations in trace metal content are not regular schists. It is particularly prevalent lining vein-schist con for these trondhjemites. The gold contents do not appar tacts of small veins (8 to 20 cm thick) and is accom ently correspond with either the degree of alteration or panied frequently by pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and with location relative to the mineralization. However, the galena. hanging-wall rocks are consistently more enriched with The distribution of visible gold in the veins is sporad gold than the footwall as the selected values are associ ic. Fine leaflets and wire-like gold are not rare, with the ated with a higher sulphur content which is mainly related gold associated with intergranular microcrystalline with pyrite. quartz. Much of the vein material, however, appears es The mineralization consists of quartz veins in chloritic sentially barren of the metal. Reported average grades schists. The schists are the ultimate products of shearing range from less than 1 g/t Au to 15.4 g/t Au for several of and carbonatization of the massive trondhjemites. They the occurrences (MacRae 1978, p.206; Wilkinson 1979). range irregularly up to several metres thick and extend The quartz vein samples were analyzed for gold, sil along strike for several kilometres. ver, arsenic, copper, lead, molybdenum, and tungsten. Compositions are highly variable for the schists (Ta Molybdenite was neither observed in the quartz veins nor ble 7: W23, W60, and W67) and reflect the degree of al detected in the analyses. Trace amounts of scheelite teration associated with shearing. Chlorite is the principal were identified during the course of the field work. Appar component and muscovite, quartz, calcite, ankerite, ar ently tungsten was not present in significant enough con senopyrite, and other sulphides are present in varied pro centrations to be within the analytical detection limits. portions. Table 8 is a selection of 10 analyses representing the Quartz veins occur sporadically throughout the metal content variations of the veins. Based upon this chloritic schists as irregular lenses oriented parallel with data, gold apparently occurs independently of the other the foliation. The veins are up to 6 m thick and 100 m metals. Moore (1940) noted that chalcopyrite, and occa long. Data on subsurface extensions are scanty but the sionally arsenopyrite, are present in some veins up to veins are assumed to pinch and swell at depth in a man several percent without any appreciably increased con ner similar to the surface expressions. centrations of gold. At the Sawbill and Hammond Reef Quartz averages up to 98 percent of vein material as mines, however, the most consistent gold values occur in aggregates of coarse, milky grey grains. In thin section, veins containing the greatest amounts of pyrite, green quartz grains possess highly undulatory extinction and muscovite, and ankerite. are commonly sufficiently strained to have abundant in Silver occurs sporadically in the quartz veins. The ternal subgrains. Grain boundaries are serrated and lined Ag:Au ratios generally vary from 0.0:1 to 80.0:1 but aver with microcrystalline quartz and trace amounts of very age 0.75:1. Veins enriched with sphalerite regularly con fine calcite, pyrite, and hematite(?). tain the greatest silver content. The highest Ag:Au ratios Ankerite is common as fine to coarse grains in string are found in the ankerite-rich vein-schist contacts of the ers that crosscut the veins and penetrate the chloritic smaller quartz veins. 12 Contact Zone Type structure. Shearing is tracable along strike for distances of up to 1 km and commonly cuts several rock types. The maximum width ranges up to 10 m but averages 1 to 2 m. Morgan (1978, p.38) described the contact zone of Quartz-carbonate veins occur in the shear zones as the Marmion Lake Batholith as a felsic pluton "with a cres ellipsoidal pods that measure up to 8 cm thick and 200 m centic shape concave to the east." The zone between the long. Hawley (1930) was the first to note that the veins are batholith©s gneissic core and metavolcanic belts is up to commonly concentrated along the footwall of the shear 14 km thick (Figure 4). zone at the interface between the schistose and relatively These plutonic rocks range from hornblende- and massive granitic rock. Angular fragments of both the biotite-bearing quartz diorites to leucocratic trondhjem- schist and massive rocks are frequently contained by the ites. Plagioclase (An20-3o) is the main component of the vein and are intensely carbonated. contact zone rocks and it is always at least partially al Grey to white quartz is the main constituent of the tered to sericite and minor carbonate. Primary mafic min veins; present as aggregates of fine to coarse grains erals are variably replaced by green biotite and chlorite which display such classical strain textures as mortar that are aligned to define a weak schistosity. Pirie (1978) structure and subgrain development. Microscopic string related the alteration and accompanying foliation to the ers of secondary quartz crosscut the veins. This quartz is variably intense shearing which is contiguous within the microcrystalline to very fine grained and is dusted with contact zone of the Crooked Pine Lake map-area. very fine opaque grains. Xenoliths of metavolcanics are present throughout Ankerite and calcite are disseminated in the vein as as lenticular blocks oriented subparallel with the trend of fine- to medium-grained subhedra, and are also in string the zone. The relative proportion of xenolithic to bathol- ers of fine grains with sericite, chlorite, and occasionally, ithic rock increases with nearness to the metavolcanic arsenopyrite and sulphides. The stringers occur most belt so that the contact zone ultimately consists of a com abundantly near the hanging wall and give the vein a plex interdigitation of metavolcanics and plutonic rocks. banded appearance. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and Thus, a precise contact between the metavolcanic belt sphalerite are the principal sulphides and occupy up to 8 and Marmion Lake Batholith is indeterminable. percent of the vein. The xenoliths are dominantly the metamorphosed Metal content of the veins is irregular, as demon equivalents of mafic metavolcanics with minor intercal- strated by the 10 analyses listed in Table 11. Gold occurs cated felsic tuffs and flows. Primary features such as pil as very fine grains both in association with pyrite lows are rarely preserved. Rather, these rocks occur as (Fenwick 1976a) and in the fine stringers of secondary chlorite or sericite schists, with the schistosity parallelling quartz. Visible gold is rare but is found as fine leaflets the foliation of the host trondhjemites. Fine porphyrob- along minute fractures in the veins. The silver content is lasts of plagioclase and hornblende are common along apparently independent of the gold content, but is some the margins of the xenoliths. Calcite, ankerite, and pyrite what proportional to the amounts of galena, and occa occur as accessories throughout. sionally sphalerite. Similar contact zone intrusive rocks occupy embay- Chromium is present in most of the veins in anoma ments of the Dashwa Lake Batholith into the metavolcanic lous to high amounts and is probably contained in a belts (Figures 4 and 5). These rocks occur as thin lensoid chrome-rich muscovite. Arsenopyrite is the only identified bodies of granodiorite, trondhjemite, and quartz monzon arsenic mineral, and like chromium, arsenic is commonly ite that are rarely more than 2 km in width or length. Xe enriched in the vein. The presence of thse elements, how noliths of the metavolcanics are not common. Rather, ever, is not a reliable indicator of a significant gold or sil large blocks of the metavolcanics occur between the ver content. contact zone intrusions and the more granitic batholith. Rocks associated with gold mineralization display lit tle textural or mineralogical variation from others of the contact zone. Thin, discontinuous shear zones host the Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type mineralization. Only these sheared rocks appear altered to schists, the schists being composed of quartz, chlorite, The metavolcanic belts of the Atikokan area contain muscovite, and occasionally albite with trace amounts of many occurrences of gold mineralization. Some occur calcite, ankerite, and pyrite. rences are associated with chlorite-sericite-carbonate Tables 9 and 10 list the major element compositions schists which contain small lenses of bedded chemical and trace metal contents of representative samples of the metasediments. The schists occur as stratiform, laterally contact zone rocks of the Marmion Lake and Dashwa continuous beds which pinch and swell along strike from Lake Batholiths, respectively. Due to the diversity of rock a few metres to up to 300 m in thickness. types no progressive changes or alterations are notable The relative abundance of sericite, chlorite, and car for associations with the mineralization, unlike the Mar bonate varies considerably in the schists, with limited mion Lake Batholith Type. In fact, there is little variation in zones containing up to several percent pyrite, sphalerite, chemistry for the samples which are megascopically and chalcopyrite. Locally, the schists consist of lapilli- sheared from those which are relatively unaffected. sized, sericite-rich fragments in a chlorite-carbonate ma The shear zones commonly trend parallel to local trix; suggesting that the schists are highly carbonatized major lineaments but are rarely contained by such a felsic tuffs or volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. LEGEND MAP UNITS SYMBOLS Batholithic Rock ' —— - Hydro line 70 7a Trondhjemite ^^ Foliation. strike 8. dip 7b Hornblende trondhjemite 7c Granodiorite, diorite — — Geological contact Td Granite A Location of developed prospect Felsic Volcanic Rock 2a Aphanitic flow Quartz-carbonate vein 2b Porphyritic rock 2c Tuff, lapilli tuff Mafic Volcanic Rock 1a Fine-grained flow 1b Pillowed flow 1c Medium-grained rock 1f Pyroclastic Figure 5—Geology of the Modred Lake area (detail of mines shown on Figures 20 and 21). 14 TABLE 9 MAJOR ELEMENT AND TRACE METAL COMPOSITIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE ROCK TYPES OF THE MARMION LAKE BATHOLITH CONTACT ZONE SAMPLE NO. W224 W202 W237 W225 TW30 W205 W201 Rock Type Diabasic Aphanitic Quartz Trondhjemite Biotite Altered Altered Flow Mafic Dike Diorite Trondhjemite Diorite Trondhjemite Si02 46.4 48.8 59.1 73.2 69.9 56.1 70.0 AI203 15.0 12.8 14.7 12.9 15.8 16.3 14.7 Fe20s 3.29 3.00 3.09 0.72 1.42 2.22 0.70 FeO 6.49 11.9 4.33 2.25 1.33 4.66 1.83 MgO 3.09 5.81 4.89 0.98 1.10 4.19 1.11 CaO 2.10 5.99 6.37 1.73 2.78 3.18 1.37 Na20 4.83 1.98 3.02 5.29 4.32 5.75 5.07 K20 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.50 1.73 0.74 1.55 Ti02 0.88 1.39 0.69 0.38 0.36 0.61 0.44 P205 0.11 0.12 0.17 0.05 0.15 0.09 0.04 MnO 0.11 0.24 0.13 0.08 0.04 0.11 0.04 C02 0.32 3.49 0.52 1.26 0.10 3.98 1.01 S 0.17 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.01 H20"*" 2.57 2.37 1.95 0.95 0.79 2.42 0.88 H 20~ 0.28 0.42 0.35 0.25 0.29 0.36 0.45 TOTAL 99.4 100.7 100.2 100.5 100.1 100.7 99.2 Au(ppb) 5 nd nd nd nd 30 14 As(ppm) 1 1 1 nd nd nd nd Cr(ppm) 320 45 155 6 9 112 nd Cu(ppm) 250 118 74 6 5 8 5 Pb(ppm) nd nd nd nd 11 nd nd Zn(ppm) 92 118 82 36 52 69 28 nd = not detected 15 TABLE 10 MAJOR ELEMENT AND TRACE METAL COMPOSITIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE ROCK TYPES OF THE DASHWA LAKE BATHOLITH CONTACT ZONE SAMPLE NO. W91 W137 W127 W139 W71 W79 W99 W112 Quartz Leucrocratic Quartz Diabasic Altered Altered Rock Type Granodiorite Monzonite Trondhjemites Porphyry Mafic Flow Granodiorite Leucrocratic Trondhjemite Si02 71.6 76.4 78.1 68.1 74.4 48.4 75.1 76.9 AI203 14.4 13.9 13.7 18.2 13.3 14.4 13.2 13.3 Fe203 1.66 0.49 0.00 0.40 0.62 7.30 0.80 0.35 FeO 1.91 0.33 0.33 0.33 1.00 9.07 1.16 0.50 MgO 0.74 0.19 0.26 0.34 0.58 6.10 3.01 0.28 CaO 3.02 0.28 0.22 0.80 1.95 7.39 0.20 1.15 Na20 3.84 4.02 4.74 7.15 4.11 1.70 0.00 4.53 K20 1.49 4.27 2.38 2.28 1.57 0.00 4.02 1.70 Ti02 0.39 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.21 1.18 0.15 0.11 P205 0.09 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.03 MnO 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.24 0.02 0.02 C02 0.47 0.15 0.16 0.61 0.79 0.49 0.33 0.89 S 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.07 H20"*" 0.52 0.10 0.27 0.61 0.58 3.00 1.98 0.41 H20~ 0.34 0.31 0.26 0.36 0.26 0.84 0.37 0.27 TOTAL 100.5 100.5 100.8 99.3 99.4 100.3 100.4 100.5 Au(ppb) nd nd 5 nd nd 4 nd nd As(ppm) 1 nd nd nd nd 4 nd 2 Cr(ppm) 8 nd nd nd nd 21 nd nd Cu(ppm) nd nd 38 nd nd 250 nd 7 Pb(ppm) 11 12 17 10 13 11 nd 14 Zn(ppm) 54 18 31 18 21 134 41 18 nd = not detected 16 TABLE 11 TRACE METAL COMPOSITIONS OF QUARTZ-CARBONATE VEINS OF THE CONTACT ZONE TYPE MINERALIZATION* SAMPLE NO. W37 W100 W121 W126 W151 W215 W217 W302 W306 TW17 Au(ppb) 8 15 24 ppm 9 45 ppm nd 10.2 ppm 7 1500 110 Ag(ppm) 20 3 7 nd 30 nd nd nd 3 3 As(ppm) 1 1 nd nd 1 1 26 900 38 nd Cr(ppm) 610 327 250 1630 640 480 402 1550 440 440 Cu(ppm) 24 7 4000 59 6 nd 9 16 18 5850 Pb(ppm) 570 690 40 nd 4300 nd 20 nd 201 21 Zn(ppm) 6 128 55 89 16 8 12 78 14 2300 Mo(ppm) 23 5 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd *AII samples are representative of the vein, either as chips across the mineralization or as selected grab samples, nd = not detected In the Red Paint Lake area, the schists host lenticular Quartz-feldspar porphyry cuts the schist in the vicin pods of bedded carbonate and an unusual pyritic unit. ity of the mineralization. It occurs as an oblong body that The pyritic unit is composed of subrounded to angular is zoned from the aphanitic margins to a medium-grained fragments of bedded pyrite and cobbles of chert in a ma core. trix of fine sericite, rounded blue quartz grains, feldspar, Quartz-carbonate veins having either north or east and pyrite. This unit averages 2 m thick and can be trends, cut all of the rock types. The veins consist of es traced intermittently along strike for several kilometres. sentially grey quartz, ankerite, chlorite, and green mus The carbonate pods have an average width of 2 m covite. Occasionally, minute grains of scheelite are in- and length of 5 m, and are composed of subtly banded, tergrown with the ankerite. The gold content of the veins aphanitic ankerite with minor calcite and chert. Small por is reported to be up to 18.625 g/t (Wilkinson 1979, p.212). tions of the pods consist of brecciated ankerite in which Pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite are present in sam the fragments are cemented by a matrix of medium- ples of vein from the mine dump. Stockworks of quartz grained ankeritic carbonate. Common accessory miner veins and quartz-carbonate veins occur cutting the mar als of the pods are pyrite, talc, green muscovite, chalco ginal phases of the porphyry and are accompanied by a pyrite, and sphalerite. pervasive carbonatization of the host. In addition to the Quartz-carbonate veins crosscut the schist, pyritic anomalously high gold and silver content, the stockwork unit, and carbonate lenses. The veins occur singly or as a veins are mineralized with pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopy network of fine stringers and are composed of aggre rite, sphalerite, and galena. gates of pale grey quartz and blebs of ankerite with occa Visible gold is very rare in both of the Metavolcanic- sionally fine disseminated pyrite. Fine green muscovite is Hosted Stratabound occurrences examined. The analy occasionally included with the vein ankerite in trace to ac ses, listed in Table 12, show that the samples best miner cessory amounts. Previous assays of the veins have re alized with arsenopyrite and base metal sulphides are ported up to 1.99 ounces/ton Au (Woolverton 1960, p.42). correspondingly the most enriched in gold. Silver is asso Table 12 contains the analyses of the trace metals ciated only with the base metal sulphides and is not re contained in samples representative of the mineraliza lated to the amount of gold present. tion. Samples W50, W153, W157, and W159 are from the Red Paint Lake area. At the Mayflower mine (Figure 2) the geological set ting is similar to the Red Paint Lake occurrences except that the chlorite-sericite-carbonate schists host banded DISCUSSION chert rather than ankerite. The chert is finely laminated with local zones containing small (1 cm by 10 cm), irregu Each type of gold mineralization recognized in the lar, pale green pods. The pods consist of chert and very Atikokan area possesses characteristic geological set fine-grained, green muscovite and epidote. Fine- to me tings which are attributed to its mode of formation. In ad dium-grained pyrite and rare arsenopyrite are dissemi dition, these characteristics may prove to be useful in the nated throughout the chert. seeking out of new exploration target areas. 17 TABLE 12 TRACE METAL COMPOSITIONS OF METAVOLCANIC-HOSTED STRATABOUND TYPE MINERALIZATION Red Paint Lake occurrences (Figure 2) SAMPLE NO. W50 W153 W157 W158 W159 Rock Pyritic Bedded Quartz Chlorite- Bedded Type Unit Ankerite Carbonate Sericite-Carbonate Ankerite Vein Schist Au(ppb) 938 12 3 343 35 Ag(ppm) nd nd nd nd 4 As(ppm) 80 nd nd 43 nd Cr(ppm) 292 335 400 110 257 Cu(ppm) 44 14 nd 45 190 Pb(ppm) 13 nd nd 13 12 Zn(ppm) 22 15 15 64 7.85% Mayflower mine (Figure 2) SAMPLE NO. W243 W252 W256 W260 W263 Rock Chlorite- Banded Banded Quartz Prophyry Type Sericite-Carbonate Chert Chert Carbonate with Schist with Pale Vein Stockwork Green Pods Quartz Vein Au(ppb) 19 3 20 38 2100 Ag(ppm) nd nd nd 4 4 As(ppm) 34 310 62 28 405 Cr(ppm) 404 225 700 364 277 Cu(ppm) 36 10 32 1180 490 Pb(ppm) nd 11 15 43 290 Zn(ppm) 38 6 32 23 25 nd - not detected The Marmion Lake Batholith Type mineralization is batholith, as evidenced by the massive trondhjemites. typified by its association with: These trondhjemites form lenticular intrusions parallel to, * north- to northeast-trending sets of lineaments, or contained within, the lineaments. * massive (non-gneissic) trondhjemites, and The lineaments traverse the batholith both singly and * laterally extensive zones of shearing and alteration. as closely spaced sets. Gold mineralization is not neces The lineaments may or may not be the eroded ex sarily associated with all lineaments. Rather, it may be pression of faults as suggested by Fenwick (1976a) and possible to delineate particular ones or sets which are re Shklanka (1972). Zones of sheared or mylonitized rock lated with gold. For example, the Reserve Island occur are commonly associated with the lineaments but offsets rence, and the Sunbeam and Roy mines occur along an are difficult, if not impossible, to identify within the gneis extension of the same structure, as may the Sawbill, sic core of the batholith. However, the lineaments or lines Hammond Reef, and Golden Winner mines. of weakness were present during the formation of the The primary host of the gold mineralization is mas- 18 sive trondhjemite. The rock is always somewhat altered to alteration and silicification occurred in the more highly be sericite- and epidote-bearing, but in association with sheared zones to produce the chloritic schists and asso mineralization it is completely saussuritized and carbona- ciated quartz veins. tized. Associated with the alteration of these rocks are The veins commonly occur along the interface be fracture and shear zones, which intensify with increasing tween the hanging-wall chloritic schist and relatively un- proximity to the mineralization. Shearing has resulted in sheared plutonic rock footwall. Fragments of the wall the physical and chemical transformation of massive rocks, particularly of the footwall, occur within the quartz trondhjemite into a chlorite-sericite-carbonate schist over vein suggesting that the vein was deposited during a pe distances ranging from 5 to 150 m. riod of deformation. The vein quartz also appears brecci The quartz veins in the shear zone schists contain ated or mylonitized, being highly fractured and possess the gold, frequently in economic concentrations. The vein ing mortar structure. quartz displays excellent mortar structure suggesting The sulphide minerals are most commonly concen that the vein was sheared subsequent to its formation, trated along subparallel fractures, giving the veins a however, carbonate and sulphide minerals in the veins banded appearance. Many of the pyrite and arsenopyrite possess few features to suggest that they underwent any grains are broken or fractured. shearing or mylonitization following their deposition. Stringers of light grey, unstrained, fine-grained Gold is present in the free state as fine to micro quartz, and occasionally ankerite, cut the quartz veins. scopic grains in microcrystalline intergranular mortar- Gold is associated with these stringers, and is occasion structured quartz. Grains of gold were not found in asso ally present along fine fractures in the veins. The gold is in ciation with sulphides, despite the good analytical values the free state even where associated with pyrite and the of the metal. Thus, gold may also occur as submicro- other sulphides (Fenwick 1976a). It is rare to find visible scopic inclusions in the sulphides. gold occurring as fine leaflets in quartz and as fine wire It is apparent from the field relations and vein petrog with sulphides. raphy that the formation of the Marmion Lake Batholith The Contact Zone Type mineralization, not unlike the Type mineralization was a succession of three episodes: Marmion Lake Batholith Type, can be related to a se 1. opening of the lineaments in the batholith with quence of events: subsequent intrusion of the massive trondhjem- 1. intrusion of the felsic plutonic rocks into the vol ites, canic pile, 2. shearing along the lineaments with accompanying 2. diapiric upwelling of the batholith with subsequent hydrothermal activity and formation of the quartz deformation, alteration, and probably formation of veins, and the veins, and 3. reshearing of the veins and subsequent deposi 3. continued deformation and hydrothermal activity tion of base metal sulphides and gold. producing late silicification and deposition of sul The vein mineralization of the Contact Zone Type oc phides and gold in the veins. curs in the complex of felsic intrusive and metavolcanics The Volcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type mineraliza which border the batholiths of the area. Morgan (1978), tion occurs in the predominantly mafic, metavolcanic Fenwick (1976a), Woolverton (1960), and Moore (1940) belts, in laterally extensive beds of chlorite-sericite-car interpreted the contact zone as a separate phase of the bonate schist. The cherty or carbonate-rich lenses occur batholith. Wilkinson (1979) defined a separate mineraliza interbedded with the schist and pyrite-rich unit. tion type hosted by these rocks. Locally, the chlorite-sericite-carbonate schist has the The plutonic rocks are, on the average, more mafic appearance of felsic tuff that has been extensively carbo- than the massive trondhjemites that occur in the gneissic natized. The cherty and carbonate lenses are distinctly core of the batholith and consist primarily of quartz dior- banded like chemical sediments. Pirie (1980) proposed ites and biotite trondhjemites with only subsidiary leucoc that the carbonatization of the felsic tuffs occurred during ratic trondhjemites and granites. This more mafic charac a hiatus in the volcanism. Fumarolic activity would have ter of the rocks is probably the result of partial taken place, leading to the deposition of the chemical assimilation of the mafic metavolcanic xenoliths which sediments on the sea floor and penecontemporaneous comprise significant portions of the contact zone (Pitcher alteration of the underlying rock. Gold and base metal and Berger 1972). sulphides would also have been concentrated in anoma The common foliation of the metavolcanics and felsic lous but subeconomic amounts in the sediments, and al plutonic rocks implies that these rocks were deformed tered what is now the hosting schist. after the intrusive event. Pirie (1978) suggested that the The most interesting gold concentrations occur in foliation developed as the batholith moved upward, rela the quartz and quartz-carbonate veins which crosscut tive to the more dense volcanic rocks during a period of the stratabound lenses and schists. These veins are epi isostatic readjustment. Local zones of weakness in the genetic and can be related to events which postdate the contact zone would have been more deformed during formation of the host rocks. Woolverton (1960) showed that period and would have resulted in linear zones of that an extension zone of shearing at Red Paint Lake con highly sheared rock. tains many gold-bearing veins cutting the schist. At the The hydrothermal activity that accompanied the tec Mayflower mine, the schist is cut by a quartz-feldspar tonism produced regional saussuritization, chloritization, porphyry; both rock types host auriferous quartz and and carbonatization of the contact zone rocks. Pervasive quartz-carbonate veins. 19 The hydrothermal solutions generated by either the 2. The geological mapping of outcrops adjacent to heat lost during crystallization of the porphyry or the dy and within the lineaments is the most effective namic metamorphism of the shearing could have con means of delineation of the massive trondhjem- ceivably collected gold and base metals from the sur ites. Occurrences of carbonatized and sheared rounding rocks already enriched in the metals. The veins trondhjemite would be indicative of possible formed in fractures in the host rocks by deposition of nearby mineralization. quartz from the solutions simultaneously with subsidiary ankerite, sulphides, and gold. As a result, the veins con 3. Since the lineaments contain few exposures of tain little (if any) visible or free state gold, but rather the bedrock, geophysical and geochemical surveys might prove useful. best enrichment is associated with a high sulphide con tent. Similar mechanisms of ore formation have been pro a) A detailed magnetometer survey could deli posed by Karvinen (1980) and Pirie (1980) for the Tim neate the linear zones of intense shearing and mins and Red Lake mining camps, respectively. alteration. Such zones should be defined by In summary, the sequence of events which led to the magnetic depressions. formation of Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type de b) The geochemical analyses of wall rock for posits in the Atikokan area is: trace gold, particularly hanging-wall rocks of 1. fumarolic activity on the ancient ocean floor pro shear zones, could be effective in determining duced penecontemporaneous deposits of chemi the vicinity of mineralization. As shown previ cal sediments and syngenetic alteration of sea ously the hanging-wall rocks are occasionally floor rocks, with accompanying enrichment of enriched in gold. gold and base metal sulphides, c) Drilling through and sampling the overburden 2. burial by subsequent volcanism and/or sedimen may be an effective means of detecting exten tation, sions of known veins or discovering new ones. 3. an event such as shearing (faulting) and/or the in Chemical analysis of overburden for such met trusion of hypabyssal bodies of porphyry gener als as copper, lead, zinc, and silver has been ated hydrothermal solutions, and suggested by Boyle (1979) for indications of 4. formation of the auriferous veins with base metal gold mineralization. sulphides. Contact Zone Type RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE 1. The most effective exploration method requires EXPLORATION geological mapping of batholith borders to locate the host shear zones. The search for gold in the Atikokan area was origi 2. Once found, the shear zones could be delineated nally concentrated in the areas of granitic terrain. Conse with detailed magnetometer surveys. The aurifer quently, the productive deposits were largely associated ous veins are occasionally enriched in sulphide with the batholithic rocks. Most of the deposits were prob mineral and may, therefore, be located with de ably discovered as a result of extensive ground work in tailed electromagnetic surveys. search of quartz vein outcrops. Recent geological map 3. This type of deposit is not necessarily detectable ping of the area (e.g. Fenwick 1976a) and studies of other using large-scale geophysical or geochemical gold camps (e.g. Roberts 1980; Boyle 1979) have gener means. It occurs as relatively small targets and ated new concepts of genesis and geological settings on rarely contains sufficient metallic minerals to regis which to base exploration. ter on regional surveys. Detailed geochemical sur The following is a summary of suggestions for the ex veys might be useful. ploration of new gold deposits in the Atikokan area. Each of the three types of deposit is dealt with separately since each possesses distinct characteristics in both geologi cal setting, and to a lesser extent, mineralization. Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type 1. The chlorite-sericite-carbonate schist, a very ex Marmion Lake Batholith Type tensive unit, is the primary host for this type of min eralization. It is commonly rich in sulphides and therefore may be expressed as a regional electro 1. The mapping of the lineaments would be useful magnetic anomaly. and is most effectively done by interpretation of large-scale air photographs. Particular emphasis 2. Once established, anomalies should be mapped should be placed on extensions of those linea to locate favourable geological settings for gold ments already known to be associated with gold mineralization (i.e. shear zones or porphyries mineralization. which cut the schist). 20 DESCRIPTIONS OF DEPOSITS Map P.2389, Sapawe Lake Area, District of Rainy River, West Half (Mcilwaine and Larsen 1981 b) SELECTED REFERENCES 1. MINTO MINE Carter (1904) Corkill (1906, p.48-50) COMMODITY Hawley (1930, p.39-40) Gold Wilkinson (1979) ROCK ASSOCIATION Variably sheared leucocratic trondhjemite CLASSIFICATION 2. RESERVE ISLAND OCCURRENCE Marmion Lake Batholith Type LOCATION COMMODITY Hutchinson Township; northeast corner Gold Latitude 480 49'12"N; Longitude 91 0 16'22"E ROCK ASSOCIATION ACCESS Biotite trondhjemite gneiss Mine site is 8.8 km north of Sapawe along the CLASSIFICATION Domtar-Woodlands access road (Figure 6). Marmion Lake Batholith Type DESCRIPTION LOCATION General Geology: Country rocks are foliated and gneissic Marmion Lake area varieties of trondhjemites. Sheets, dikes, and stringers of Latitude 480 50'30"N; Longitude 91 0 19'24"E massive leucocratic trondhjemite cut the country rocks. ACCESS Diabase occurs crosscutting all other units in northeast Access is by small boat via Marmion Lake from launch trending dikes. A major lineament runs through the mine sites on the Clearwater West Lake road. property and can be traced for 27 km northeast from Sa DESCRIPTION pawe Lake. General Geology: The Reserve Island property lies within Mineralization: Quartz veins occur in a shear zone associ a biotite trondhjemite gneiss. The gneiss is typically me ated with the regional lineament. The veins and shearing dium grained granoblastic with the mafic minerals and strike northeast with near vertical southeast dips. Two the quartz and feldspar vaguely outlining the gneissic fol main veins are exposed on the property. South vein has a iation. A mafic dike appears to be intimately associated strike length of at least 60 m and a maximum width of 4.9 with the vein. m. North vein is located 305 m northeast of south vein Mineralization: The veins are composed of quartz with and is exposed for 15 m along strike with a maximum chlorite and some sulphides. The quartz encloses a mafic width of 8.5 m. Both veins are composed of coarse grey dike in places and is enclosed in the same dike at other quartz with minor pyrite, arsenopyrite, and ankerite. Wall locations. In some pits the dike is not present with the rocks are chloritic schists containing trace to abundant vein. The vein contains visible amounts of pyrite, galena, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, ankerite, and quartz. arsenopyrite, and visible gold. One fleck of gold was found in a dump sample of chloritic The veins appear very similar to those that occur at wall rocks. the Sunbeam mine and are probably in an extension of Size and Grade: No data available. the same shear zone. Size and Grade: Average grade is 7.89 g/t Au (MacRae Assays of Mineralization 1978, p.206). Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(gA) W13 Grab sample of 12 cm wide rusty -Assays of Mineralization quartz vein. 0.040 nd Sample Description Au(gA) W16 Chip sample across south vein. 0.003 nd WM-080 Grab sample of vein quartz with minor W17 Hanging wall, chloritic schist. 0.006 nd chlorite and pyrite. 0.090 W23 Dump sample quartz vein. 0.080 nd WM-081 Grab sample of vein quartz. 0.090 W37 Chip sample across north vein. 0.006 nd WM-082 Grab sample of vein quartz with trace pyrite and visible gold. 0.030 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY WM-083 Grab sample of vein quartz with trace galena. 0.070 Prior to 1903: Little Rock Consolidated Mining and WM-084 Grab sample of vein quartz with trace Development Company Ltd. sank shaft to depth of 15 m pyrite and visible gold. 0.140 inclined SO'WSW. WM-085 Grab sample of vein quartz with trace 1905: Same company deepened shaft to 16 m. pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, 1930: Property staked by J. Lumby but no further de and visible gold. 6.565 velopment. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY CURRENT OWNERSHIP 1898: Test pits and trenches excavated. M. Wicheruk, Atikokan, Ontario 1899: Shaft sunk to 63 feet. REFERENCE MAPS REFERENCE MAPS Map 38e, Sapawe Lake Area (Hawley 1930) Map 38e, Sapawe Lake Area (Hawley 1930) Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick 1965) 1965) Map P.2388, Sapawe Lake Area, District of Rainy River, SELECTED REFERENCES East Half (Mcilwaine and Larsen 1981 a) Bow (1898,1899) 21 xl 1000 FEET 250 METRES LEGEND MAP UNITS SYMBOLS [s] Mafic Dike \Sf Shaft and mine dump ^,—— Geological contact IT Test pit ,^'j;* Area of many outcrops \7] Batno(ithk: Ftock (non-fofarted) 6123 Trench cs Large outcrop 7a trondhjemite Q BuiWing x s,^ outcrop '"" J^"^ ^- Foliation:strike S.dip [e] Felsic Intrusive Rock —— Road ^ g^ (gneissic or foliated) ——— Pipeline 6a hornblende trondhjemite ^. —^ Lineament qv Quartz vein 6b trondhjemite 6c amphibolite, hornblende gneiss Figure 6—Geology of the Minto mine and vicinity. 22 Coleman (1897, p.74-75) quartz veins. The veins are composed of grey-white Hawley (1930) quartz with accessory blebs of ankerite and pyrite. Sam MacRae(1978) ples from the mine dump contain minute grains of galena Pirie (1978) and rare visible gold. Size and Grade: No reserve estimates are available but during 1904, 650 tons of ore was milled with an average 3. SUNBEAM MINE (PAST PRODUCER) grade of 0.43 ounces/ton (Tremblay 1946, p.20) Assays of Mineralization COMMODITY Sample Description Au(gA) Gold WM-093A Grab sample of vein quartz with trace ROCK ASSOCIATION pyrite and visible gold. 1.923 Gneissic biotite trondhjemite and massive leucocratic WM-093B Grab sample of vein quartz with trace pyrite. 0.010 trondhjemite WM-094B Grab sample of vein quartz with ankerite CLASSIFICATION and trace pyrite. nd Marmion Lake Batholith Type WM-095A Grab sample of vein quartz with ankerite, LOCATION pyrite and chlorite. 0.010 Hutchinson Township; south central part WM-095B Same as WM-095A. 6.367 Latitude 480 51' 10"N; Longitude 91 0 17'30"E DESCRIPTION DEVELOPMENT HISTORY General Geology: The country rock is primarily gneissic 1899: Development work performed by the Railroad biotite trondhjemite (Figure. 7). Irregular bodies of mas Mining and Development Company. Shaft sunk vertically sive leucocratic trondhjemite cut the gneisses and are to 71 feet and at an incline an additional 70 feet. At 96 feet locally sheared. The shearing trends N500E and dips a drift 65 feet long was driven northeast and a 72-foot steeply to the northwest. A major northeast-trending li long drift, southwest. neament hosts the shear zone and may be an extension 1900: Drifts extended from 65 to 70 feet and 72 to 78 of a similar structure at the Reserve Island occurrence. feet. The AL282 Gold Mining and Development Corpora- Mineralization: Rocks of the shear zone consist of chlorite ton of Ontario Ltd. incorporated on February 23. and carbonate schists that host a series of lenticular 1901: Property optioned to The New York and On tario Gold Mining Company Ltd. Northeast drift 177 feet long and southwest drift 105 feet long. No. 2 shaft, 600 feet northeast of No. 1 shaft, was sunk to 20 feet and in clined at 500 northwest. 1902: No. 1 shaft deepened 212 feet. First level, northeast drift extended to 210 feet. Second level at 195 feet; northeast drift 244 feet long and southwest 179 feet. 1903: No. 1 shaft deepened to 318 feet. Third level at 295 feet, has a northeast drift 120 feet long and a south- west drift 145 feet long. 1904: The vertical section of No. 1 shaft abandoned and an inclined shaft driven to surface. Ten-stamp mill erected 34 mile northwest of the mine location and con nected by a tramroad. No. 1 shaft deepened to 410 feet. 1905: Operations ceased with no further work car ried out. REFERENCE MAPS 0^ 1OO 20O Map 38e, Sapawe Lake Area (Hawley 1930) FEET Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick o 30 60 1965) METRE SELECTED REFERENCES Bow (1899,1900) Bruce (1925) LEGEND Carter (1901,1902,1904,1905) '*x Outcrop Corkill (1906, p.50) ^j^ 7a trondhjemite Hawley (1930, p.40) JJ/ Shaft 4. mine dump MacRae(1978) B Test pit —- Quartz vein 4. ROY MINE COMMODITY Figure 7—Geology of the Sunbeam mine. Gold 23 ROCK ASSOCIATION Biotite trondhjemite gneiss, and massive to variably sheared trondhjemite CLASSIFICATION l ± Marmion Lake Batholith Type - l LOCATION Ramsay Wright Township; southeast corner Latitude 480 52'24"N; Longitude 91 0 16'03"E ACCESS The property is traversed by the Premier Lake road ap proximately 13 km north of Sapawe, Ontario (Figure 8). 100 20O DESCRIPTION FEET 30 60 General Geology: Trondhjemitic gneisses of the Marmion 1=3 METRES Lake Batholith are the principal country rocks. Massive, WM-212-^7aJ l grey to pale apple green trondhjemite cuts the gneisses i. Nj l i 7a and contains narrow zones of intensely sheared rock. The shearing trends approximately N500E and dips 550NW. Chlorite-carbonate-sericite schist occurs in the LEGEND shear zone and locally contains abundant pyrite and 7a Trondhjemite green muscovite. I^J Shaft and mine dump A regional lineament runs through the mine area and m Test pit contains the shear zone. Extensions of the lineament and X Quartz vein shearing are traceable southeast to the Sunbeam mine O Outcrop and Reserve Island occurrence. Mineralization: Veins and stringers of quartz are hosted by the shear zone schist and are variably enriched with F/'gure 8—Geology of the Roy mine. ankerite, pyrite, galena, and green muscovite and chlor ite. Hawley (1930, p.41) reported the main vein to extend 5. PETTIGREW MINE for 450 feet along strike and to average 6 to 8 feet in width. COMMODITY Size and Grade: No data available. Main — Gold Assays of Mineralization Secondary — Silver, Copper ROCK ASSOCIATION Sample Description Au(gA) Variably sheared leucocratic trondhjemite WM-207 Grab sample of vein quartz with trace pyrite. nd CLASSIFICATION WM-208 Grab sample of vein quartz with chlorite Marmion Lake Batholith Type and tou rmal i ne(?). nd LOCATION WM-209 Grab sample of vein quartz with chlorite Ramsay Wright Township; south central part and tourmaline(?). 0.010 Latitude 480 53' 24"N; Longitude 91 0 16' 50"E WM-210 Grab sample of vein quartz with ankerite. nd ACCESS WM-211 Grab sample of vein quartz with ankerite and chlorite. nd Domtar-Woodlands access road cuts through the west WM-212 Grab sample of vein quartz with ankerite, end of the property, 20 km north of Sapawe (Figure 9). pyrite, galena, and chlorite. 0.320 DESCRIPTION General Geology: Country rocks consist of gneissic and DEVELOPMENT HISTORY foliated trondhjemites, cut by sheets and stringers of 1898: Owned and developed by the Roy Mining and massive trondhjemites and leucocratic trondhjemites. Development Company. Inclined shaft sunk to 81 feet. Major lineaments that trend northeast through the map- Test pits sunk to 18 feet (northeast of shaft) and 10 feet area can be traced from Tyrell Lake north to beyond (southwest of shaft). Companion Lake, 19 km. 1899: Shaft deepened to 105 feet. First level at 50 Mineralization: A series of boudin-like quartz veins, up to feet, drift driven 10 feet west. Second level at 100 feet, 15m long, are hosted in highly sheared, epidotized tron drift driven west 71 feet and crosscut driven 17V2 feet dhjemite. Strike of the mineralization is northeast with north and 9 feet south. dips of 450 to 650 to the northwest. Veins are composed of REFERENCE MAPS essentially white quartz with trace amounts of ankerite Map 38e, Sapawe Lake Area (Hawley 1930) and pyrite. Hanging wall is a chlorite-sericite-carbonate Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick schist with a high content of pyrite, chalcopyrite, arseno 1965) pyrite, and quartz. Small quartz veins cut the hanging SELECTED REFERENCES wall and contain up to 10^o pyrite, ankerite, chalcopyrite, Bow (1898) and trace galena. Footwall rocks are highly altered tron Coleman (1898) dhjemites consisting of epidote, sericite, chlorite, quartz, Hawley (1930, p.41) and remnant feldspar. MacRae(1978) Size and Grade: No data available. 24 MINE AREA / INSET MAP LEGEND MAP UNITS SYMBOLS Batholithic Rocks 3 Shaft8, mine dump 7a Trondhjemite D Building 7e Pegmatite Trench Felsic Intrusive Rock (foliated) Large outcrop 6a Hornblende trondhjemite Area of small outcrops 6b Trondhjemite Foliation: strike b. dip Quartz vein Zone of shearing Figure 9—Location and geology of the Pettigrew mine. 25 Assays of Mineralization -Assays of Mineralization Sample Description Au(g7t) Ag(gA) Sample Description Au(gTt) W64 Chip sample across southern vein. 0.040 nd WM-086 Grab sample of vein quartz with ankerite W65A Chip sample across southern vein. 0.018 nd pyrite and chlorite. 0.040 W65B Chip sample across northern vein. 0.017 nd WM-087 Grab sample of barren vein quartz. 0.730 79-LPG-1 Grab sample of quartz-carbonate WM-088 Grab sample of vein quartz with ankerite vein from mine dump. 0.343 nd and pyrite. 0.280 79-LPG-4Grab sample of quartz-carbonate vein from mine dump. 2.058 5 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY 1898: Two shafts completed by The Hawk Bay Gold DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Mining Company Ltd. Shafts achieved final depths of 25 Prior to 1898: Veins discovered by prospector m and 27 m, and were located 130 m apart. Work sus named King. No. 1 shaft declined to depth of 25 feet at pended in September of the same year. angle of 650NW. Pettigrew obtained property from King. REFERENCE MAPS 1899: No. 2 shaft developed vertically to depth of 33 Map 38e, Sapawe Lake Area (Hawley 1930) m with 19.4 m crosscut at the 30 m level. Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick 1940: Property re-examined by Sylvanite Gold Mines 1965) Ltd., but no further development. Map 2298, Marmion Lake (Fenwick 1976a) CURRENT OWNERSHIP SELECTED REFERENCES Government of Ontario Bow (1898) REFERENCE MAP Coleman (1898, p. 132) Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick Fenwick (1976a) 1965) Hawley (1930, p.42) SELECTED REFERENCES MacRae(1978) Bow (1900, p.79-80) Hawley (1930, p.41) Wilkinson (1979) 7. GOLDEN WINNER MINE (PAST PRODUCER) 6. HAWK BAY OCCURRENCE COMMODITY Gold COMMODITY ROCK ASSOCIATION Gold Gneissic biotite trondhjemites and massive to variably ROCK ASSOCIATION sheared leucocratic trondhjemite Biotite trondhjemite gneiss and minor massive to variably CLASSIFICATION sheared trondhjemite Marmion Lake Batholith Type CLASSIFICATION LOCATION Marmion Lake Batholith Type Norway Lake area; 4 km southeast of Red Paint Lake LOCATION Latitude 490 00' 18"N; Longitude 91 0 22'06"E Marmion Lake area, immediately east of Ramsay Wright ACCESS Township Logging roads of Domtar-Woodlands run through the Latitude 480 54' 00"N; Longitude 91 0 22' 18"E original claim group, extending from the Premier Lake ACCESS road, approximately 38 km north of Sapawe. Hawk Bay is accessible using a small boat launched on DESCRIPTION Marmion Lake from sites on the Clearwater West Lake General Geology: The main host rock of the mineraliza road (Figure 10). tion is leucocratic trondhjemite which cuts the gneisses of DESCRIPTION the Marmion Lake Batholith. The trondhjemite is exten General Geology: Biotite trondhjemite gneisses are the sively altered to epidote and sericite, with considerable principal country rocks. The massive to variably sheared carbonate locally. A northeast-trending lineament tran trondhjemite and leucocratic trondhjemite occur locally to sects the mine area and extends south to the Hammond the mineralization and contain two parallel zones of Reef and Sawbill mines. The sheared zone contained by shearing approximately 40 m apart. The shearing trends the lineament consists of a chlorite-carbonate schist that N250E and is traceable for up to 3.2 km along strike (Bow strikes N250E and dips east at 450. 1898). Mineralization:The quartz vein contained within the shear Mineralization: Quartz veins occur in each of the shear zone averages 1.5 m in width and crops out for approxi zone chloritic schists. The veins are irregular in outline mately 100 m along strike. Ankerite, pyrite, and chlorite but average 0.6 m in width and are abundant over the en are contained in the quartz vein in trace to accessory tire length of the shear zone. The veins consist essentially amounts. of grey quartz with occasionally ankerite and pyrite pres Size and Grade: During 1900, 15 tons of ore were milled ent. with an average grade of 0.29 ouncesAon Au (Tremblay Size and Grade: No data available. 1946, p.21). 26 f N x- 7a l (V o 1OO 200 m ZZH z^ FEET O 30 60 METRES LEGEND 7a Trondhjemite wM-oee Shaft fi. mine dump Quartz vein Outcrop HAWK BAY Figure 10—Geology of the Hawk Bay mine. 27 Assays of Mineralization veins contained with the shear zone schists. In addition to Sample Description Au(g7t) the grey milky quartz, the veins contain variable amounts WM-096 Grab sample of vein quartz with trace of ankerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, ankerite and pyrite. 0.120 and sphalerite. WM-097 Grab sample of vein quartz with The three veins are: ankerite and chlorite 0.020 a) Main or Sawbill vein strikes N25CE and dips 750SE. WM-098 Same. 0.090 It has a length of 245 m and averages approximately 1 m WM-099 Same. 0.030 in width. WM-100 Same. 0.030 b) Sawbill Junior Vein is located 100 m west of the DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Main vein and strikes N160E with an 800E dip. This vein is 1899: The Gold Winner Mining Company of Ontario 90 m long with an average width of 30 cm. Ltd., incorporated on December 13. Seven test pits sunk c) Williams vein is 300 m northeast of No. 1 shaft and and a 150-foot crosscut stripped. Shaft started to be de strikes S650E with a vertical dip. The vein is 60 m long and veloped. has an average thickness of 60 cm. 1900. Shaft sunk to 62 feet with first level at 62 feet Size and Grade: From 1897 lio 1899, a total of 2,416 tons and crosscut north 15 feet and south 80 feet. At 74 feet of ore was milled, with an average grade of 0.25 ounces/ south, drifts 42 feet east and 38 feet west were driven. ton Au (Tremblay 1940, p.22). During 1940-1941, another Five-stamp mill erected; operation ceased in October. 2,952 tons of ore were milled (Ferguson et al. 1971, REFERENCE MAP p.258). Map P. 1227, Gold Deposits of Ontario, West Central Sheet (Gordon 1977) Assays of Mineralization SELECTED REFERENCES Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(gA) Carter (1901, p. 105) WM-60 Grab sample of vein quartz. 2.025 nd Fenwick (1976a) WM-61 Same. 2.020 nd MacRae(1978) WM-62 Grab sample of vein quartz with pyrite and trace galena. 0.855 nd WM-64 Grab sample of vein quartz. 0.120 nd W-282 Grab sample of vein quartz with trace arsenopyrite. 0.900 nd 8. SAWBILL MINE (UPPER SEINE MINE) (PAST W-283 Chip sample of quartz-carbonate PRODUCER) veins and chloritic schist with trace arsenopyrite. 1.300 nd COMMODITY W-284 Chip sample across main vein with trace pyrite and galena. 80.000 nd Main — Gold W-289 Grab sample of vein quartz. 2.900 nd Seconday — Silver W-290 Grab sample of vein quartz with trace ROCK ASSOCIATION pyrite and visible gold. 55.000 2 Gneissic trondhjemites and amphibolites, and massive trondhjemites CLASSIFICATION DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Marmion Lake Batholith Type 1895: Vein discovered by Wiley brothers. LOCATION 1896: The Sawbill Lake Gold Mining Company Ltd. Marmion Lake area; Sawbill Bay incorporated. Shaft sunk to 145 feet, levels cut at 60 feet Latitude 480 57' 04"N; Longitude 91 0 25' 46"E and 120 feet. ACCESS 1897: Shaft deepened to 205 feet, 60-foot level ex Mine area (Figure 11) is accessible using a small boat tended. Air shaft sunk 186 feet south of main shaft. launched on Marmion Lake from sites along the Clearwa 1898: Shaft deepened to 230 feet. ter West Lake road. Float-equipped plane could be used 1899: Shaft deepened to 245 feet, 60-foot level ex for landing on Sawbill Bay. tended, 120-foot level extended. Sublevel established at DESCRIPTION 220 feet with a 9-foot winze; third level at 243 feet estab General Geology: The mine is located approximately 3 lished with winze 50 feet deep. Mine closed in fall. km east of the batholith-metavolcanic belt contact in 1936: Upper Seine Gold Syndicate formed. rocks of the Marmion Lake Batholith. Principal country 1937: Upper Seine Gold Mines Ltd. incorporated. rocks are gneissic trondhjemites, diorites, and amphibol 1938: Dewatered mine and sampled; 320 feet of ites that are cut by irregular dikes and sheets of massive drifting done on third level. biotite trondhjemite. 1939:600 feet of surface trenching. Two northeast-trending lineaments cross the mine 1940: Shaft dewatered and retimbered to 60-foot lev area and contain zones of sheared rock. Intensity of el. 138 feet of drifting done on first level. Fifty ton amalga shearing is variable, occurring over widths of approxi mation in mill put into operation at a rate of 20 tons per mately 5 to 100 m. In the cores of the sheared zones the day. rocks consist of chlorite-sericite-quartz and chlorite-seri- 1941: Drifting on all levels: first level -130 feet; sec cite-carbonate schist. ond level -100 feet; and third level - 42 feet. 150 feet of Mineralization: The mineralization consists of three quartz surface trenching. Mine closed on September 24. 28 N SAWBILL BAY J 200 FEET METRES LEGEND 7a Trondhjemite Property boundary Mafic dike Trail Shaft^mine dump O Outcrop Test pit Trench Quartz vein F/gure 7 f—Geology of the Sawbill mine. 29 PRODUCTION SUMMARY Assays of Mineralization Year Au(g) Ag(g) Total Milled (t) Average Grade Au(g7t) 1897-1899 13 246 — 2 662 4.98 Sample Description Au(gXt) Ag(g7t) 1940 5 793 1 235 1 181 4.90 WM-067 Grab sample of chlorite- 1941 5 584 1 235 2 072 2.70 carbonate schist. 2.000 — Total 24 623 2 470 5 915 4.16 WM-069 Grab sample of quartz-carbonate stringer in chlorite schist. 0.140 — REFERENCE MAPS WM-072 Grab sample of vein quartz Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fehwick with ankerite. 0.030 — 1965) WM-073 Grab sample of vein quartz. 0.140 — Map 2298, Marmion Lake (Fenwick 1976a) WM-074 Grab sample of vein quartz with pyrite. 0.400 — Map P. 1227, Gold Deposits of Ontario, West Central WM-075 Same as WM-074. 0.030 — Sheet (Gordon 1977) W-299 Chip sample across quartz vein with SELECTED REFERENCES trace ankerite and pyrite. 0.360 2 Bow (1900, p.77-79) W-301 Chip sample across quartz vein with Bruce (1925, p. 1-34) ankerite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, Fenwick (1976a) and trace arsenopyrite. 5.600 4 Gardiner (1939) MacRae(1978) Wilkinson (1979) DEVELOPMENT HISTORY 1895: Discovered by an Indian named Kabascong (or Joe Mistahasen). 9. HAMMOND REEF MINE (PAST PRODUCER) 1896: Property taken by Mr. James Hammond and Mr. Henry Folger. Property explored by 14 shafts, open cuts, and adits. COMMODITY 1897: The Hammond Gold Reef Mining Company Main — Gold Ltd. was formed on March 17. Secondary — Silver The Folger Hammond Mines Company Ltd. was formed ROCK ASSOCIATION on October 7, No. 3 open cut excavated 300 feet long Biotite trondhjemite gneisses and minor massive to vari and 20 feet deep. South of No. 3 open cut a trench 97 feet ably sheared trondhjemite long, 40 feet wide and 38 feet deep was dug. On claim LOCATION 338X a test shaft was sunk to 80 feet. At 60 feet a drift was Marmion Lake area; 0.25 km south of Sawbill Bay driven east for 20 feet and west for 17 feet. No. 2 open Latitude 480 56' 42"N; Longitude 91 0 26' 36"E cut, 47 feet long, 9 feet wide, and 12 feet deep, was exca ACCESS vated. Shaft sunk 50 feet on vein 800 feet north of open The mine area is reached by small boat across Marmion cut No. 3. Inclined shaft sunk to 127 feet, 100 feet west of Lake (Figure 12). Launch sites are on the Clearwater No. 3 open cut. Ten-stamp mill installed in October. West Lake road. 1898: No. 2 open cut enlarged to 60 feet long, 20 feet DESCRIPTION wide and 10 to 20 feet deep. No. 1 open cut 80 feet long, General Geology: Like the Sawbill Bay mine, the country 25 feet wide, and 15 feet deep, excavated on claim 338X. rocks are composed of gneisses of the Marmion Lake Ba 1898: The Hammond Gold Reef Mining Company tholith. Shear zones cut the gneisses trending N250E and Ltd. and Folger Hammond Gold Reef Mining Company range up to 155 m thick. Lenticular bodies of leucocratic amalgamated to form The Hammond Reef Consolidated trondhjemites are associated with the shear zones and Mining Company Ltd. New hydroelectric plant built and vary from weakly foliated to schistose. Minor lineaments mill increased to 40 stamps. contain the shear zones and converge to the south with a 1900: New mill damaged by lightning and because major northeast-trending lineament. This major structure of low ore grade ceased operating. Shaft sunk 60 feet continues north through the Sawbill mine area and possi from bottom of No. 1 open cut. Two adits driven from 50 bly the Golden Winner mine. to 100 feet into the mineralized zone. Mineralization: The most intensely sheared rock consists 1925: Property sampled in detail by Noranda Mines of a chlorite-carbonate-sericite schist that ranges up to 9 Ltd. m thick. Numerous quartz veins are hosted by these 1928: Became Rossmoore mine owned by Copper schists and range up to 2 m thick and 50 m long. Ankerite Zinc Mines of Sudbury Ltd. is the most common accessory in veins, and pyrite, gale 1961: Some time prior to this year Ventures Ltd. ob na, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite are present sporadically. tained Rossmoore mine. Visible gold is not uncommon in vein quartz samples. 1962: Ventures Ltd. absorbed by Falconbridge Size and Grade: In 1897, 977 tons of ore were milled with Nickel Mines Ltd. an average grade of 0.30 ounces/ton Au (Tremblay 1940, CURRENT OWNERSHIP p.22). Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd. N SAWBILL BAY LEGEND 7a Trondhjemite ^ Mafic dike SJJ Shaft 8, mine dump O Test pit — Trench S Quartz vein — Property boundary o Claim post —••* Trail o —""i100 200 m :ZD FEET O Outcrop O 30 60 METRES Figure 12—Geology of the Hammond Reef mine. MARMION N LAKE o 30 60 o 100 LEGEND 7a^a Trondhjemite k-4 Mafic dike haft and mine dump Trench Fault or shear zone Quartz vein Outcrop 7a,6a| •y /7a,6a ^ Figure 13—Geology of the Plator Gralouise prospect. 32 REFERENCE MAPS 1967: Mine property (6 patented claims) returned to Map 2298, Marmion Lake (Fenwick 1976a) Crown. Map P.1227, Gold Deposits of Ontario, West Central REFERENCE MAPS Sheet (Gordon 1977) Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick SELECTED REFERENCES 1965) Bow (1898,1899,1900) Map 2298, Marmion Lake (Fenwick 1976a) Bruce (1925) SELECTED REFERENCES Coleman (1897; 1898, p. 130-131) Fenwick (1976a) Fenwick (1976a) MacRae(1978) Gardiner (1939) MacRae(1978) Moore (1940) 11. JACK LAKE MINE Tower era/. (1942) Tower et al. (1946) COMMODITY Tremblay (1946) Main — Gold Secondary — Silver ROCK ASSOCIATION Gneissic biotite trondhjemites and amphibolites, and 10. PLATOR GRALOUISE PROSPECT massive biotite trondhjemite CLASSIFICATION COMMODITY Marmion Lake Batholith Type Gold LOCATION ROCK ASSOCIATION McCaul Township; north central part Variably sheared gneissic and massive trondhjemites Latitude 480 49' 30"N; Longitude 91 0 25' 00"E CLASSIFICATION ACCESS Marmion Lake Batholith Type Forestry access road ends on the southwest corner of Ty- LOCATION rell Lake. The mine site on the southeast corner of Tyrell Marmion Lake area Lake (Figure 14) is reached by small boat. Latitude 480 53' 30"N; Longitude 91 0 31' 00"E DESCRIPTION ACCESS General Geology: Principal country rocks are gneissic The occurrence is reached by boat launched on Marmion trondhjemites of the Marmion Lake Batholith. Massive Lake from sites on the Clearwater West Lake road (Figure biotite trondhjemites cut the gneisses in irregular sheets, 13). dikes, and stringers. DESCRIPTION General Geology: The country rock is grey massive to well foliated trondhjemite that locally is well epidotized (Fenwick 1976a). A 1 m thick mafic dike strikes N70E and is traceable for 45 m along strike. The dike is sheared along its eastern flank. Two directions of shearing, N70E and N640E, occur in the area related to a prominent north east-trending lineament. Mineralization: The shear zones host veins and stringers of quartz with minor carbonate and sulphides. Samples from the mine dump contain trace to abundant pyrite, ga lena, and chalcopyrite. Gold is best enriched in samples with abundant pyrite. 100 200 Size and Grade: No data available. FEET Assays of Mineralization METRES Sample Description Au(gA) WM-47 Grab sample of vein quartz with chlorite and abundant pyrite. 16.600 WM-51 Grab sample of vein quartz with inclusions of altered feldspar and minor chlorite. nd LEGEND WM-55 Grab sample of vein quartz with minor chlorite. 0.040 7a Trondhjemite , f * l DEVELOPMENT HISTORY f^f Shaft and mine dump 1948: Plator Gralouise Gold Mines Ltd. was incorpo rated to succeed Plator Porcupine Gold Mines Ltd. O Test pit 1953: Two-compartment vertical shaft FF3704 to --**" Quartz vein 83.82 m with levels at 38.1 m and 77.11 m. L J Outcrop 1954: Shaft dewatered and sampled. Fifteen dia mond-drill holes (1111.61 m) drilled from underground. 1966: Ontario charter cancelled. Figure 14—Geology of t he Jack Lake mine. 33 A northeast-trending lineament runs through the SELECTED REFERENCES mine area and extends northward for approximately 30 Bow (1900) km. Canadian Mines Hand book (1962, p.93) Mineralization: Quartz veins are hosted in two northeast- Carter (1901, p. 106-107; 1902, p.242) trending shear zones of which one can be traced along Fenwick (1976a) strike for approximately 1 km. The veins measure up to 4 Hawley (1930, p.38-39) m wide and 25 m long and are composed essentially of MacRae(1978) grey quartz and subsidiary ankerite. Pyrite, sphalerite, Pirie (1978) chalcopyrite, and galena are common in samples of vein Wilkinson (1979) material found in the mine dump. Visible gold and minor arsenopyrite are present in selected samples. Size and Grade: 99,050 tons averaging 0.454 ounces/ton Au (Canadian Mines Handbook 1962, Northern Miner 12. ATIKO (SAPAWE) GOLD MINE (PAST Press, p.93) PRODUCER) Assays of Mineralization COMMODITY Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(gA) Main — Gold WM-059 Grab sample of vein quartz with Seconday — Silver trace pyrite. 17.700 nd ROCK ASSOCIATION WM-213 Grab sample of vein quartz with Leucocratic trondhjemite, diorite, and mafic and felsic pyrite and arsenopyrite. 2.600 nd WM-215 Grab sample of vein quartz with volcanic rocks pyrite and ankerite. 0.540 nd CLASSIFICATION WM-216 Grab sample of vein quartz with Contact Zone Type ankerite and pyrite. 0.070 nd LOCATION WM-217 Grab sample of vein quartz with McCaul Township; east central part pyrite and ankerite. 0.040 nd Latitude480 47'22"N; Longitude91 0 23'13"E WM-218 Grab sample of vein quartz with ACCESS pyrite, ankerite, and arsenopyrite. 4.400 nd The mine site is accessible by vehicle via the road that W-272 Chip sample across quartz vein runs north from Highway 11, approximately 5 km west of with pyrite and arsenopyrite. 0.460 nd the Highway 623 intersection (Figure 15). W-273 Chip sample across chlorite-sericite- DESCRIPTION carbonate schist with arsenopyrite General Geology: The mine area is underlain by irregular and pyrite. 0.021 nd to lensoid bodies of trondhjemites and diorites of the Mar DEVELOPMENT HISTORY mion Lake Batholith. Large lenticular blocks of mainly 1899: Property discovered and owned by Mr. J.S. mafic volcanic rocks with minor felsic units are interfi- Steel, Mr. Ezra Rust, and Mr. G.W. Weadock. Open cut 28 ngered with the intrusive rocks. The trondhjemites are feet long, 5 feet wide, and 5 feet deep excavated. Shaft variably sheared from fractured, mildly sericitized rocks sunk to 45 feet. to schists composed of chlorite, muscovite, quartz, and 1900: The Jack Lake Gold Mining Company Ltd. in carbonate. Relic feldspar laths and eyes of blue quartz corporated on February 7. Shaft deepened to 192 feet, are recognizable on the weathered surface of sheared first 140 feet vertical and the remaining inclined 800SE. trondhjemite and give the rock the appearance of a First level, 102 feet, northeast drift 30 feet. Second level, quartz-feldspar porphyry. 187 feet, southwest drift 350 feet. The mafic volcanic rocks are typically fine grained 1901: Mining suspended as of April 1. Men and and porphyritic; consisting of sericitized feldspar laths in equipment moved to a more promising mine near Stur a chloritic ground mass. Felsic volcanic rocks occur as geon Lake. fine-grained sericitic schists with occasional feldspar 1935: Property owned by Central Canada Mines Ltd. phenocryst^ and fine quartz blebs. North-trending mafic 1945: Property acquired by Jack Lake Mines Ltd. dikes cut the volcanic and intrusive rocks. The dikes are Thirty-two diamond-drill holes put down totalling 20,000 composed of subrounded feldspar, glomeroporphyritic in feet. 99,050 tons indicated grading 0.454 ounces/ton Au a very fine-grained ground mass of chlorite and feldspar. (Canadian Mines Handbook 1962, Northern Miner Press, The trend of the rock units, foliations, and shearing is p.93). easterly which is subparallel to lineaments that occur 1961: Ground acquired by Fidelity Mining Invest north of the mine area. ments Ltd. Seven diamond-drill holes drilled totalling Mineralization: Most of the mining was conducted about 2,300 feet. five quartz veins of the Sapawe Mine Gold Zone (Fergu PRESENT OWNERSHIP son etal. 1971, p.251-252). None of the mineralization is M. Wicheruk, Atikokan presently exposed. The Lindsay vein is reported to be REFERENCE MAPS 14.6 m long with an average width of 1.8 m. Dump mate Map 38e, Sapawe Lake Area (Hawley 1930) rial suggests that the veins are composed of milky grey Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick quartz with blebs and stringers of pale grey quartz, ank 1965) erite, calcite, chlorite, and pyrite. Chalcopyrite, sphaler Map 2298, Marmion Lake (Fenwick 1976a) ite, scheelite, and tourmaline are common trace vein 34 LEGEND MAP UNITS SYMBOLS 3 Batholithic Rock Mine shaft 8. dump 7a Trondhjemite Road 7b Hornblende trondhjemite Building 7c Diorite, quartz diorite Hydo line 7f Complex of trondhjemite and mafic Geological contact volcanic xenoliths ~2\ Felsic Volcanic Rock 2a Fine-grained flow 15QO FEET 2b Quartz-feldspar flow j] Mafic Volcanic Rock 450 METRES 1a Fine-grained flow 1c Medium-to fine - grained flow 1d Porphyritic flow Figure 15—Geology of the Atiko (Sapawe) mine (after C. J. Kuryliw 1975; Assessment Files, Resident Geologist's Office, Thunder Bay). 35 components. Visible gold is reported as also present (Re PRODUCTION SUMMARY TO THE END OF 1966 gional Geologist's Files, Ministry of Natural Resources, Year Au(g) Ag(g) Total Milled(t) Average Thunder Bay). Grade Aufe/t) Size and Grade: From 1964 to 1966, 33,016 tons of ore 1963 — 1627 were milled, averaging 0.14 ounces/ton Au (Riddell 1959, 1964 83469 21688 19190 4.010 p.52). 1965 9031 1813 1 103 8.187 1966 49594 17593 16089 3.082 Assays of Mineralization Total 142094 41094 38009 5.093 Sample Description Au(g/!) Ag(gA) 1974: Atiko Gold Mines Ltd. leased the property from W305 Grab sample of quartz vein with Sapawe Gold Mines Ltd. Magnetic and detailed geologi trace pyrite and chalcopyrite. nd nd cal surveys were conducted. W306 Grab sample of quartz vein with 1975: Twenty-eight additional claims were staked stringers of pyrite and chlorite. 1.500 3 W307 Grab sample of quartz-carbonate- east and west of the mine property by the same compa sericitevein. 0.130 nd ny. The miners' residence and mine office buildings were W308 Grab sample of quartz-carbonate renovated. vein with black chlorite. 0.023 nd 1977: A very detailed, outcrop geology map was W309 Grab sample of chlorite schist produced by the same company. with quartz-carbonate veinlet. 0.003 nd CURRENT OWNERSHIP W31OA Grab sample of chlorite schist Atiko Gold Mines Ltd., by lease from Sapawe Gold Mines with quartz-carbonate veinlet. 0.029 nd Ltd. W311 Grab sample of highly sheared REFERENCE MAPS trondhjemite with 2"y0 arsenopyrite. 0.010 nd Map 38e, Sapawe Lake Area (Hawley 1930) DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick Circa 1900: Quartz veins discovered by unknown 1965) party. Claim and vein are shown on Map 38e (Hawley Map P. 1227, Gold Deposits of Ontario, West Central 1930). Sheet (Gordon 1977) 1950: E. Corrigan and D.R. Young staked the occur Map P. 1522, Ontario Mineral Potential, Quetico Sheet (Springer 1978) rence and undertook to test the mineralization. Ten shal SELECTED REFERENCES low diamond-drill holes were completed to establish the Fenwick (1976b) mineralization over an 80 m strike length. Ferguson etal. (1971, p.251-252) 1960: Lindsay Explorations Ltd. obtained an option Hawley (1930) on the property. Twenty-eight diamond-drill holes were MacRae(1978) completed for a total length of 2216 m over a strike length Mcilwaine and Chorlton (1973) of 166 m. A vertical shaft was put down to a depth of 8 m. Wilkinson (1979) 1961: Same company continued the shaft to a depth of 107 m with drifts at the 52 m and 98 m levels. The lat eral work totalled 150 m. Twelve diamond-drill holes were completed to a total depth of 1344 m. 13. DAY LAKE OCCURRENCE 1962: Same company completed a total of 214 m of lateral and 72 m of raising work. Fourteen diamond-drill COMMODITY Gold holes achieved a total length of 1608 m. Surface work ROCK ASSOCIATION consisted of 10 m of trenching. Complex of felsic intrusive rocks and mafic volcanic 1963: Same company changed name to Sapawe rocks Gold Mines Ltd. Underground work consisted of 76 m of CLASSIFICATION drifting and 110 m of raising. A mill, crusher, assaying offi Contact Zone Type ce, and ore refinery were installed on the site. One dia LOCATION mond-drill hole was completed to a depth of 56 m. McCaul Township; central part 1964: Same company continued underground work Latitude 480 47' 21 "N; Longitude 91 0 25' 00"E with 55 m of drifts, 120 m of crosscuts, and 100 m of rais ACCESS es. Seventeen diamond-drill holes were completed un Access is via a summer road which connects with the derground for a total of 1072 m. Gold and silver were first Atiko gold mine road, approximately 1.6 km west of the produced. mine area (Figure 16). 1965: Same company extended shaft to a depth of DESCRIPTION 310 m. Levels were established at depths of 158 m, 219 General Geology: Variably sheared trondhjemites and m, and 280 m. In addition, 168 m of drifts and 418 m of mafic volcanic rocks occur as a complex of interdigitated raises were completed. Two diamond-drill holes totalling lenticular units. The rocks trend easterly with near-vertical 57 m were done. dips. The trondhjemites vary from hornblende-bearing to 1966: Same company culminated mining operations leucocratic, and from massive to intensely sheared. with 631 m of drifting, 16 m of crosscutting, and 447 m of The mafic volcanic rocks are fine- to medium- raising. There were 119 diamond-drill holes completed grained schists composed of chlorite with relic feldspar underground, totalling 1321 m. phenocrysts. 36 DAY LAKE LEGEND Road —— Property limit — gcv Quartz carbonate vein —— Small shear zone O Outcrop; complex of mafic volcanic 81 felsic intrusive rocks Figure 16—Geology of the Day Lake occurrence (after C.J. Kuryliw 1975, Assessment Files, Resident Geologist's Office, Thunder Bay). The main shear zone is exposed for approximately DEVELOPMENT HISTORY 730 m along its easterly strike and dips steeply to the Circa 1900: Discovery of the veins probably occur north. The zone ranges from 1.3 to 16 m wide. A minor red about this time. Development consisted of outcrop shear zone occurs north of the main zone and strikes ap stripping and trenching. proximately southeast with a steep northeasterly dip. CURRENT OWNERSHIP Rocks within the shear zone are schists composed of Not known chlorite, carbonate, pyrite, quartz, and sericite. Frag REFERENCE MAP ments of trondhjemite and mafic volcanic rock are recog Map 38e, Sapawe Lake Area (Hawley 1930) nizable in the shear zone schists. SELECTED REFERENCES Mineralization: Quartz veins occur sporadically in the Fenwick (1976b) shear zones as lensoid pods that measure a maximum of Hawley (1930, p.37-38) 65 m long by 7 m wide. Serialized and carbonatized tron dhjemite form the footwall. Shear zone schists occur as the hanging wall. Chalcopyrite, pyrite, carbonate, and 14. SNOW LAKE OCCURRENCE galena are common in the vein adjacent to the hanging wall. COMMODITY Size and Grade: No data available. Main —Gold, Copper Secondary — Silver (Lead, Zinc, Copper) Assays of Mineralization ROCK ASSOCIATION Variably sheared trondhjemites with minor mafic volcanic Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(grt) W313 Grab sample of shear zone schist. nd nd rock xenoliths W314 Chip sample across quartz vein. nd nd CLASSIFICATION W315 Chip sample across quartz vein Contact Zone Type with 2'fc chalcopyrite. 0.005 nd LOCATION W318 Grab sample of quartz with no Schwenger Township; north central part sulphides. 0.004 nd Latitude 480 50' 29"N; Longitude 91 0 33' 54"E 37 TW~^ x'~^ M \^ 7a i 11 i x^8a ) i ^ l ^ \ 7a i *"i i ' T\A/1 W-tO. Ofi QQ** TW-11 3b^^3-r V/15^ /Y TwV . TV y /7a ..--la ^ /J ^.X/ /' y/ ^^ /"TQcv / ' AA/' ^:^-QQ 1 1 3-^/ TW-28 qCV ^ /' TW-6^-TW-35 f7c i ' ', A/y#6Q TW-9-j^xQa j) / 7a X' '^8a TW-7-7 /' x/ y^cv.7q. ^ ::-"" X7a/ 17^ ' , "' 7 //7a 8I^:^—— —— _- — ^-"/8b \\ 7a \ iy ^ ——— ^*^ —— ^—— —— —— ——— -JL.*" 1 \ t f r TW-29T7V : , s — ^? Pta TW-3O"). l /' 7a ^^N \ ^x ^t'^/S t ^cv vot^ /A TW-31 j. , A, ' ^ - * x^ ( /^c v TW-327 ' -iK- \ /'" X^^^ X 7a /TW-r3 8aV(Tvt-^x , ; '^.^^; — ^x-, ^-TW-25 TW-33X'; ^ X 8a^-^ " ^ ^^X /^ ~7ci' ' /^D vx -~*- JC.TW-23 .-•' .-•'^r (^ _ J90— —20O FEET ^jss^.ea p 30 60 METRES TW-21^?s:"^ TW-2CXT; '7a LEGEND 8 Mafic Dikes xx Geological contact 8a Aphanitic i? Area of many outcrops 8b Porphyritic c Large outcrops 7 Felsic Intrusive Rocks w/*. 'X Foliation;(a)with dip, 7a Trondhjemite (b)vertical. 1 Mafic Volcanic Rocks y ^cv Quartz carbonate vein 1a Fine-grained (xenolith) Figure 17— Geology of the Snow Lake occurrence. Geology by T. Trowell (field assistant, 1979). 38 ACCESS Latitude 480 50' 12"N: Longitude 91 0 39' 24"E The occurrence (Figure 17) is located in the construction ACCESS trailer park of Ontario Hydro thermal generating project. It The claims (Figure 18) are traversed by a summer road is accessible via the trailer park road. which extends south from the Clearwater West Lake road. DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION General Geology: The trondhjemites in the area of the oc General Geology: The contact between the Marmion currence are nonfoliated rocks containing rarely more Lake Batholith and the Finlayson Lake metavolcanic belt than 150Xo biotite and hornblende. Adjacent to mineraliza is marked by a north- to northeast-trending lineament tion, these rocks are sheared and altered to sericite-, along the west side of the property. The intrusive rocks chlorite-, and epidote-bearing. The most intensely are massive to sheared trondhjemites, mafic trondhjem sheared trondhjemites are composed of chlorite, sericite ites, and diorites. The mafic volcanic rocks are fine (or muscovite), quartz, and carbonate. Xenoliths consist grained and occasionally porphyritic, and occur interdigi- of fragments of mafic volcanic rocks and gneissic rocks tated with the intrusive rocks. which are similar to early phases of the Marmion Lake Ba Shearing is sporadic, trending approximately N300E tholith. with near-vertical dips, and can be traced for up to 1.3 km North-trending mafic dikes cut the intrusive rocks. along strike. Widths of the sheared zone range up to 5 m. The dikes are fine grained, and glomeroporphyritic, with A fine-grained massive mafic dike occurs irregularly in coarse plagioclase phenocryst^. The shearing is subpar- the shear zone. allel with local northeast-trending lineaments. Mineralization: Six quartz-carbonate veins occur in the Mineralization: Quartz veins occur in the most intensely sheared zone, exposed in pits and trenches over a 300 m sheared trondhjemite. The major vein measures approxi strike length. The veins average 30 cm in width and are mately 47 m long and up to 1.8 m wide. The veins consist up to 15 m in length. Grey quartz is the main vein compo primarily of milky grey quartz with subsidiary ankerite. nent with subsidiary ankerite and abundant pyrite. Ga Sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite occasionally lena is present in accessory amounts. make up to 12"fc of the vein but are irregularly distributed. Size and Grade: No data available. Pyrite and chalcopyrite occur as fine disseminated Assays of Mineralization grains and along fractures in the trondhjemites. Distribu tion of these sulphide minerals is sporadic. The host Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(gA) rocks contain sericitized and epidotized feldspars and WM-089 Grab sample of vein quartz with abundant pyrite. 7.780 nd chloritized mafic minerals in zones of disseminated min WM-090 Same with abundant ankerite. 0.030 nd eralization. WM-091 Same. 2.450 nd Size and Grade: No data available. WM-092 Same. 0.010 nd Assays of Mineralization WM-093 Same. 1.920 nd WM-094 Same. 0.360 nd Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(gA) TW03 Grab sample of quartz vein. 0.150 nd WM-095 Same. 0.060 nd TW09 Grab sample of quartz vein with W-212 Chip sample across quartz-carbonate vein. 0.011 nd trace sulphides. 0.190 nd TW13 Chip sample across quartz-carbonate W-215 Grab sample of vein quartz. nd nd vein with 3*X( chalcopyrite. 0.018 nd W-217 Chip sample across quartz-carbonate TW17 Grab sample of quartz-carbonate vein vein with trace pyrite and with 5*fc chalcopyrite and sphalerite. 0.110 3 arsenopyrite. 11.000 nd W-219 Grab sample of vein quartz with DEVELOPMENT HISTORY trace pyrite. 0.031 nd 1979: Occurrence was discovered during construc tion of Ontario Hydro generating station. Area withdrawn DEVELOPMENT HISTORY from staking. Circa 1897: Vein discovered. SELECTED REFERENCE 1938: Property owned by Rebair Gold Mines Ltd. Wilkinson (1979) Prior to this date some trenching and a 45-foot vertical shaft sunk. 1940: Property owned by Mr. Scheider of Thunder Bay. 15. B.W. TRIPP CLAIMS (BLACKFLY PRESENT OWNERSHIP OCCURRENCE) B.W. Tripp, Thunder Bay, Ontario REFERENCE MAPS COMMODITY Map 48a, Atikokan Area (Moore 1940) Gold Map 2217, Steep Rock Lake Area (Shklanka 1972) ROCK ASSOCIATION Map 2297, Finlayson Lake (Fenwick 1976a) Massive to sheared trondhjemites and diorite, and mafic SELECTED REFERENCES metavolcanics Fenwick (1976a) CLASSIFICATION MacRae(1978) Contact Zone Type Regional Geologist's Files, Ministry of Natural Resources, LOCATION Thunder Bay Freeborn Township; northeast corner Wilkinson (1979) 39 LEGEND FELSIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS 7a Trondhjemite 7c Granodiorite MAFIC VOLCANIC ROCKS 1a Fine-grained flow 1c Medium-grained flow 1d Porphyritic flow —— Road —— Swamp 1 Lineament B Mine shaft C "'Abundant outcrop C.':- Large outcrop * Small outcrop Quartz-carbonate vein q.v. Quartz vein 30O METRES 1000 FEET F/gt/re 18—Geology of the Blackfly occurrence. 40 16. NEW GOLDEN TWINS OCCURRENCE dip. The width of the vein achieves a maximum of 10 m at its most northerly exposure. Rusty grey quartz is the main COMMODITY component of the vein. Accessory minerals are pyrite, Main — Gold ankerite, chlorite, chalcopyrite, and galena. Trace sphal Secondary — Silver erite, molybdenite, and arsenopyrite are present locally. ROCK ASSOCIATION Size and Grade: No data available. Mafic metavolcanics -Assays of Mineralization CLASSIFICATION Contact Zone Type Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(gA) LOCATION W37 Chip sample across north end of vein. 0.008 20 Finlayson Lake area; central part W40 Grab sample from dump of south shaft. nd nd Latitude 480 55' 17"N; Longitude 91 0 36' 06"E DEVELOPMENT HISTORY ACCESS 1897: The Golden Twins Mining Company of Lon The occurrence is located on Mesuba Bay, on Finlayson don, England, started development following the discov Lake, and can be reached by small boat launched from ery of the vein with stripping of the mineralized outcrops. sites on Clearwater West Lake road (Figure 19). The north shaft was completed to depth of 83 feet with a DESCRIPTION 22-foot crosscut at the 43-foot level. General Geology: Country rocks consist essentially of 1899: The same company continued work with the metamorphosed mafic volcanic rocks with minor interca completion of the southern shaft to a depth of 16 feet lated sedimentary rocks. The volcanic rocks are mainly (Bow 1899). massive to pillowed flows with interfingered tuffaceous CURRENT OWNERSHIP beds. The massive flows are regularly jointed in a pattern None similar to columnar jointing. The sediments are massive, REFERENCE MAPS thick-bedded argillites, locally pyrite-rich, and graphitic Map 48a, Atikokan Area (Moore 1940) (Fenwick 1976a). Rare cherty ankeritic horizons are ex Map 2297, Finlayson Lake (Fenwick 1976a) posed in lakeshore outcrops and are interbedded with SELECTED REFERENCES the metasediments. Bow (1899, p.92) Mineralization: The vein is located approximately 150 m Fenwick (1976a) west of Mesuba Bay. The vein is hosted in a zone 35 m Moore (1940, p.33) wide, of intensely sheared mafic volcanic rocks. The Wilkinson (1979) shearing and vein strike northeast with a near-vertical 17. REBAIR OCCURRENCE COMMODITY Gold ROCK ASSOCIATION Metamorphosed felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic sedi mentary rocks CLASSIFICATION Contact Zone Type LOCATION Freeborn Township; west central part Latitude 480 47' 58"N; Longitude 91 0 43' 29"E ACCESS The main showing is 0.6 km east of the Elizabeth mine. A clearly defined trail runs between the Elizabeth mine area and the Rebair occurrence. DESCRIPTION General Geology: In the vicinity of the mineralization, there are felsic volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic rocks LEGEND which are cut by 1 to 3 m thick, north-trending diabase 4c Chlorite-carbonate schist dikes. 2a Fine-grained felsic flow The felsic volcanic rocks are porphyritic with fine ser- icitized feldspar laths and occasionally blue quartz blebs 1a Fine-grained mafic flow within a groundmass of fine-grained sericite and quartz. 1b Pillowed mafic flow Pyrite and chalcopyrite are common accessories. 1c Medium-coarse grained flow The volcaniclastic rocks are composed of subround qcv quartz-carbonate vein ed, coarse sand to pebble-sized fragments of felsic vol — — geological contact canic material. The groundmass is a fine-grained matrix of quartz, chlorite, sericite, and trace pyrite. Graded beds are recognizable in some outcrops. The bedding strikes Figure 19—Geology of the Golden Twins occurrence northeast and dips steeply to the east. (from Fenwick 1969). 41 Mineralization: Several quartz veins are located within the DESCRIPTION original property, occurring either in the volcanic or sedi General Geology: Rocks of the Dashwa Lake Batholith mentary units. The veins are hosted by minor shear zones and the metavolcanic belt occur in the mine area as at the that are recognizable over lengths of 30 to 40 m and aver Harold Lake mine. The intrusive rocks consist mainly of age widths of a few metres. The shearing trends north to granodiorite with lesser pink granite and trondhjemite. northeast and is essentially vertical. Metavolcanics are composed of interdigitated mafic and The largest vein, the Dome vein, is located on the felsic varieties. Mafic rocks are chiefly fine to medium east side of the property. This vein is exposed for 13 m grained and massive. Pillowed flow rocks occur only in and has a maximum width of 0.3 m. one isolated outcrop south of the mine area. The felsic White-grey quartz is the main vein component with volcanic rocks are fine-grained sericite-chlorite schists chlorite and ankerite as secondary minerals. Pyrite is and commonly contain fine, blue quartz blebs and felds present as an accessory mineral occurring with chlorite. par laths. Size and Grade: No data available. An antiformal fold trends across the mine area sub- Assays of Mineralization parallel to the contact of the batholith and metavolcanic Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(g/) belt. Several northeast-trending lineaments cross the W144 Chip sample across quartz with 4^o area. carbonate and pyrite. 0.085 nd Mineralization: Quartz veins occur at or near the W147 Chip sample across quartz vein, north batholithic-metavolcanic belt contact and are contained end of Dome vein. 0.011 nd within short discontinuous shear zones. The shearing oc W148 Chip sample across quartz vein, middle curs within either batholithic rocks or metavolcanics. of Dome vein. 0.012 nd Two distinct varieties of quartz vein are present. The W149 Chip sample across quartz vein, south prominent type is composed of coarse aggregates of end of Dome vein. 0.035 nd grey quartz with ankerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and rare DEVELOPMENT HISTORY scheelite concentrated along the vein walls. The host 1937: Rebair Gold Mines Ltd. constructed the mining rocks for this type of vein are chlorite schists, rich in ank camp on property. Large areas of outcrop were stripped erite and pyrite, with trace arsenopyrite. and trenches were dug. Six shallow diamond-drill holes The second type of vein consists of fine saccharoidal were completed to a total depth of 38 m. An exploration grey-white quartz with bands and stringers of fine chlor shaft was started and achieved a final depth of 4 m. ite, carbonate, and pyrite. These veins are hosted by 1939: Same company continued development of the chloritic schist along the hanging wall and an epidote shaft to 38 m. Seven diamond-drill holes were completed trondhjemite footwall. to a total depth of 241 m. The main vein of mineralization at No. 2 shaft was CURRENT OWNERSHIP mined over a length of 23 m to a depth of 46 m with an av M. Wicheruk and B. Moffat, Atikokan, Ontario erage width of 1.5 m. Underground drilling located a con REFERENCE MAPS tinuation of this vein approximately 76 m below surface Map 48a, Atikokan Area (Moore 1940) and the width averaged 1.5 m. Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick Size and Grade: During 1912, 50 tons of ore averaging 1965) 0.4 ounce/ton Au were milled (Tremblay 1940, p.22). SELECTED REFERENCES Fumerton (1979) Moore (1940, p.27-28) Assays of Mineralization Wilkinson (1979) Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(gA) W120 Chip sample across rusty quartz-carbonate vein. 0.014 nd 18. ELIZABETH MINE (PAST PRODUCER) W121 Chip sample across chalcopyrite-rich quartz vein. 24.000 7 COMMODITY W123 Chip sample across quartz vein. 0.150 nd Main — Gold W126 Grab sample of sheared, carbonaceous Secondary — Silver mafic flow. 0.009 nd ROCK ASSOCIATION W128 Grab sample of quartz-carbonate Leucocratic trondhjemite, and mafic and felsic metavol- vein from dump of No. 2 shaft. 0.017 nd canics W129 Same. 0.011 nd CLASSIFICATION W130 Same. nd nd Contact Zone Type W131 Chip sample across quartz vein. nd nd LOCATION W132 Chip sample across quartz vein Freeborn Township; west central part stockwork in epidote trondhjemite. 0.007 nd W136 Chip sample across quartz vein Latitude 480 47' 48"N; Longitude 91 0 44' 04"E with trace pyrite. 0.008 nd ACCESS W138 Grab sample of quartz vein Mine site (Figure 20) is located approximately 1.2 km stockwork in granodiorite. nd nd north-northeast of Modred Lake which is accessible by W140 Chip sample of quartz vein. 0.006 nd small boat launched in Perch Lake, downstream on the W141 Grab sample of stringer quartz vein Seine River. in epidote trondhjemite. 0.004 nd 42 500FEET 15OMETRES LEGEND ^^ SYMBOLS MAP UNITS I4**jt Shaft and mine dump * Test pit Batholithic Rock ...... trail 7a leucocratic trondhjemite •—^™* Lineament 7c granodiorite, diorite — —— Geological contact ^d granite C-"-'' Area of many outcrops Felsic Volcanic Rock •v.:;:- Large outcrop 2a aphanitic flow x Small outcrop 2b porphyritic rock * ' r Foliation: strike and dip 2c tuff — \ " Antiformal fold axis Mafic Volcanic Rock ^5^ Small scale fold with dip and plunge of axis 1a fine-grained flow Swamp 1b pillowed flow 1c medium-grained rock Quartz-carbonate vein 1d tuff Quartz vein Quartz vein stockwork Figure 20—Geology of the Elizabeth mine (refer also to Figure 5). 43 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Harold Lake and is reached by trail from the northwest Circa 1900: Discovery of quartz veins by Anglo-Ca corner of Modred Lake. Modred Lake is too shallow to nadian Gold Estates Ltd., was followed by trenching and land a float-equipped plane but can be reached by a sinking of test pits. Some diamond-drill holes were initiat small boat, launched in Perch Lake downstream on the ed. Seine River. 1902: Same company started construction of a ten- DESCRIPTION stamp mill. General Geology: Rocks of the Dashwa Lake Batholith 1903: Same company completed twelve diamond- within the Harold Lake mine area include granites, grano- drill holes to a total depth of 573 m, to block off an esti diorites, and minor leucocratic trondhjemites. The meta- mated 20,000 tons of ore averaging 0.25 ounce/ton to volcanics are felsic flows and tuffs, metamorphosed to 0.32 ounce/ton. very fine-grained sericitic schists with or without quartz No. 1 shaft was completed to a depth of 34 m with 34 m of and feldspar phenocrysts. The mafic volcanic rocks lo drifting at the 24 m level. cated southwest of the mine site are present as fine No. 2 shaft was under construction on the main mineral grained chlorite schists. ized vein. North- to northwest-trending shear zones occur in 1913: Elizabeth Gold Mines Ltd. initiated mining op the intrusive rocks. In the vicinity of the open stope and erations. No. 2 shaft achieved a final depth of 82 m with lakeshore shaft, the shearing is most intensive and rocks 367 m of total lateral work at 20 m, 37 m, and 72 m levels. in the zone are composed of sericite, epidote, chlorite, al 1935-1976: Same company dewatered the shafts bite, quartz, and carbonate. and re-examined the mineralization. Seven diamond-drill Mineralization: Moore (1940) reported that 18 veins are holes were completed for a total depth of 485 m. A 25-ton located on the original property. With only one exception, mill was constructed. the veins occur within narrow, discontinuous shear zones CURRENT OWNERSHIP in the granitic rocks. Quartz is the principal vein compo M. Wicheruk and B. Moffat, Atikokan, Ontario nent, ankerite and pyrite are secondary. Accessory min REFERENCE MAPS erals are arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopy Map 48a, Atikokan Area (Moore 1940) rite. Visible gold was reported as common in the main Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick vein of the open stope (Coleman 1896a, p.69) and it oc 1965) curred as fine leaflets in the quartz. Map P. 1227, Gold Deposits of Ontario, West Central Size and Grade: From 1895 to 1896,1,131 tons of ore av Sheet (Gordon 1977) eraging 0.59 ounce/ton Au were milled (Ferguson et at. Map P. 1522, Ontario Mineral Potential, Quetico Sheet 1971,p.248). (Springer 1975) SELECTED REFERENCES Assays of Mineralization Bruce (1925, p.30-31) Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(gA) Canadian Mines Register, Northern Miner Press (1960) W100 Chip sample across quartz vein with Carter (1902, p.240-241) trace galena. 0.015 3 Corkill (1912, p.103; 1913, p.99) W102 Chip sample across quartz vein with Ferguson etal. (1971, p.249-250) abundant ankerite. 0.005 1 Fumerton (1979) W103 Chip sample across barren quartz vein. 0.008 nd Gibson (1901, p.40-41; 1912, p.54) W106 Chip sample across stringer quartz Miller (1903, p.82) vein in chlorite schist. 0.005 nd W107 Chip sample across quartz vein with Moore (1940, p.24-27) Wo pyrite. 0.034 nd Tanton (1925) W110 Chip sample across quartz vein with Wilkinson (1979) trace sphalerite. 0.014 nd W111 Grab sample of stockwork quartz vein. 0.038 nd W114 Grab sample of ankerite-rich quartz vein. 0.018 nd 19. HAROLD LAKE MINE (PAST PRODUCER) W151 Grab sample of rusty quartz vein. 45.000 30 W152 Grab sample of rusty chlorite-schist COMMODITY footwall. 0.200 nd Main — Gold Secondary — Silver DEVELOPMENT HISTORY ROCK ASSOCIATION Circa 1894: Discovery of vein and initial examination Leucocratic trondhjemites, and felsic and mafic metavol- of property by Wiley brothers of Port Arthur. canics 1895-1896: Harold Lake Gold Mines Company Ltd. CLASSIFICATION developed two shafts, two adits, and an open stope on Contact Zone Type quartz veins. Most production was from the open stope LOCATION which achieved a maximum size of 30 m long, 3 m wide, Baker Township: southeast corner and 10 m deep. The lakeshore exploration shaft was Latitude 480 46' 58"N; Longitude 91 0 45' 28"E completed to a depth of 12 m with lateral work at the 8 m ACCESS level. A five-stamp mill was constructed on the lake south Mine site (Figure 21) is located on the northwest corner of of the open stope. 44 )OFEET N 150METRES ©-rr©)-tc.4 -V' te20** \W151 W1S2 7V U W109. ' \ Li ,, V;7* ^W107\' \ x ' \ X*, ** / ..w4 X," 7^^4.-.•V*** 1,^ \w\ \\x --' ^ ' W1O8v-;.-' - -' 7cl :-: 7e /vVv]\\\ ^ ' ' .^ ' i \ \\ l 2 "- 6 ' /^^H. - \ ^v \ l^. W103 Hardd Lake LEGEND MAP UNITS SYMBOLS Mafic Dike a Mine shaft a Building (7J Batholithic Rock m Pit 7a Trondhjemite )—i Trench 7c Granodiorite — -Geological contact 7d Granite,quartz syenite 48# StOCk work (quartz vein) [2] Felsic Volcanic Rock - -—Lineament 2a Fine-grained flow x Small outcrop 2b Porphyritic flow - - Large outcrop 2c Tuff, lapilli tuff o Area of small outcrops Q] Mafic Volcanic Rock z,z:iZone of shearing 1a Fine-grained flow ^ Foliation fi. dip .qc* Quartz-carbonate vein *v Quartz vein Figure 21—Geology of the Harold Lake mine (refer also to Figure 5). 45 1937: Canadian Longyear Ltd. re-examined the 20. MAYFLOWER MINE property with some additional trenching and sampling of surface showings. COMMODITY 1975: Sol Cowan restaked the mine area and strip Main — Gold ped some outcrops. Secondary — Silver (Copper, Lead, Zinc) CURRENT OWNERSHIP ROCK ASSOCIATION Not known Metamorphosed felsic tuff, quartz-feldspar prorphyry, REFERENCE MAPS and mafic volcanic rocks Map 48a, Akikokan Area (Moore 1940) CLASSIFICATION Map 2065, Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type 1965) LOCATION Map P. 1227, Gold Deposits of Ontario, West Central Factor Lake area; northeast corner Sheet (Gordon 1977) Latitude 48" 43' 48"N; Longitude 920 07' 42"E SELECTED REFERENCES ACCESS Bruce (1925, p.31-32) The mine area is 335 m north of Highway 11 (Figure 22). It Coleman (1896a, p.69-70; 1896b) is reached via a skid road that intersects the highway ap Ferguson etal. (1971, p.248) proximately 2.5 km west of the Flander's Station road. Fumerton (1979) DESCRIPTION Moore (1940, p.28-31) General Geology:The property occurs between two east- Wilkinson (1979) trending branches of the Quetico Fault that converge just O 2O 5OFEET m mm O 15 METRES LEGEND MAP UNITS SYMBOLS [4l Metasedimentary C3/ Shaft and mine dump 4b banded chert C3 Trench 4e chlorite-sericite-quartz -carbonate schist ^-* Road [D Felsic Volcanic Rocks ——^ Foliation: striked dip 2a fine-grained felsic volcanic rock — — Geological contact 2c tuff :.V- Outcrop 2d quartz-feldspar porphyry —— Sheared rock Quartz-carbonate vein Quartz vein stockwork Figure 22—Geology of the Mayflower mine. 46 east of the mine. Host rocks are banded chert, carbona- 1979: Ken McTavish trenched the surface showings tized felsic tuff, and chlorite-sericite-carbonate schist. and resampled the mineralization and mine dump. Quartz-feldspar porphyry occurs cutting the host REFERENCE MAPS rocks just west of the shaft. The banded chert occurs as Map P. 1227, Gold Deposits of Ontario, West Central lenticular, strataform pods up to 2 m thick and 10m long. Sheet (Gordon 1977) The banding consists of subtle alternation of grey and Map 2115, Kenora-Fort Frances Sheet (Davies and Prys buff chert, 1 to 3 cm thick. Irregular green pods of chert, lak 1966) sericite, and epidote occur interbedded in the banded SELECTED REFERENCES chert. Beard and Garratt (1976) Chlorite-sericite-carbonate schist hosts the banded Bow (1900) chert and is laterally continuous for several hundred me Fenwick et al. (1980) tres. Locally, the schist contains recognizable felsic frag Hawley (1930, p.51-52) ments that are composed of sericite and carbonate in a Wilkinson (1979) chloritic matrix. Thus, this unit is believed to be an altered felsic tuff. The quartz-feldspar porphyry underlies the west half 21. RED PAINT LAKE OCCURRENCE (SAWDO of the mine area. It is zoned from aphanitic margin to me dium-grained granitic core. CLAIMS) A small shear cuts the rocks just north of the shaft and trends approximately 750, dipping 850N. No offset is COMMODITY apparent. Main — Gold Mineralization: Quartz and quartz-carbonate veins are Secondary — Copper, Zinc, Silver exposed in the trenches and strike irregularly north. The ROCK ASSOCIATION veins contain the most consistent gold values but anoma Mafic metavolcanics and minor felsic pyroclastic and lous gold content is apparent in the host rocks. The por porphyritic rocks phyry is locally intensely carbonatized and cut by numer CLASSIFICATION Metavolcanic-Hosted, Stratabound Type ous stockworks of quartz and carbonate. The stockwork LOCATION veins contain significant pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, Norway Lake area; east side of Red Paint Lake galena, and arsenopyrite, in addition to high gold values. Latitude 490 02' 55"N; Longitude 91 0 22' 06"E Size and Grade: No data available. ACCESS Assays of Mineralization The claim group is traversed by several logging roads Sample Description Au(gA) Ag(grt) and skid trails of the Domtar logging operation, east of W243 Chlorite-sericite-carbonate schist. 0.019 nd Red Paint Lake (Figure 23). Access to the logging roads W254 Quartz vein chip sample with is via the main Domtar-Woodlands road at Franklin Lake. trace pyrite. nd nd DESCRIPTION W256 Banded chert with trace pyrite General Geology: Principal country rocks are pillowed to and arsenopyrite. 0.020 nd massive mafic volcanic rocks. Flow breccias are occa W258 Quartz-feldspar porphyry. 0.015 nd sionally exposed and indicate stratigraphic top to the W260 Quartz-carbonate vein with chalcopyrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, north. Felsic pyroclastic rocks such as tuffs and lapilli tuff and sphalerite. 0.046 nd are intercalated with the mafic volcanic rocks. A marker W262 Quartz-feldspar porphyry with fine horizon occurs trending easterly across the central part stockwork veins and abundant of the property and is composed of a pyrite-rich unit en arsenopyrite. 0.090 nd closed within a sericite-chlorite-carbonate schist (Figure W263 Quartz-feldspar porphyry with fine 24). stockwork veins with abundant Southern parts of the claim group are underlain by a chalcopyrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, complex of volcanic rocks interfingered with trondhjem- galena, and sphalerite. 3.000 4 ites of the Marmion Lake Batholith. The east-trending DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Lumby Lake shear zone crosses the south end of the Circa 1900: Mayflower Mining Company completed claim group. A northeast-trending shear zone exposed the shaft to a depth of 32 m with crosscuts of 14 m at 14 m on the east shore of Red Paint Lake is estimated by Wool level, and 38 m at the 30 m level. Work terminated De verton (1960) to be up to 2,000 feet wide. Fenwick cember, 1900. (1976a) shows the shear zone to extend southwest in 1928: H.J. Hoover of Fort William dewatered shaft. Schwenger Township. Underground work consisted of 11 m of crosscutting at Mineralization: Primary hosts of gold mineralization are the 14 m level and 2 m at the 30 m level. Surface show the sericite-chlorite-carbonate schist, lenses of carbo ings were stripped and trenched. nate, and quartz-carbonate veins. The carbonate lenses 1945: Andowan Mines Ltd. drilled two holes for a to range up to 15 feet long and 6 feet wide, and are com tal depth of 100 m. posed of an iron-rich carbonate (ankerite). The carbonate 1946: Freeport Exploration Company dewatered occurs as fragments, subtly banded and aphanitic in a shaft and completed four diamond-drill holes to a total matrix of finely crystalline carbonate. Pyrite, chert, green depth of 965 m. mica, and talc occur within the lenses as disseminations 47 MILES 45km to Sapawe LEGEND A Metal occurrences •— Trail — Road O Claim group outline(end of 1979) See geological map oPSawdo claims"(Fig.24) Figure 23—Metal occurrences in the Sawdo claim group. 48 X 1Q ^ ri53 t *-)*ro ''•'. *J1dW51,52 W[1|4^V ^71 \Cv x loJa*"*^ :**J;*x ..f*©*S S S lb^-7,*"" \*C^ ***^, /""~ •^J^/^W.SOx"'' v^e^C**"*"1^ 7 ^QPb v -1|v ^ibd"'~"'-'.X* B !* Y — ^ p^,."1 .^ *: x.jX V t-^J'^' ^^•flc.v. /8 .1*,^ -" ^*— ^ j^s^.-— ~^* i " n*?^.///"^^ *\ V^ V*1o,W ^i(^-^ ^'i*"""* -f -s?-^ -~#;:;w's 7 x.x-''--^)Nx^...-16g/^ LAKE ' *" x-'*"""" x1d id 1 e^ x r ;-V//b,0.*1 300 ME T RE S LEGEND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Geological contact 4e Sericite-chlorite - carb, schist Trail FELSIC VOLCANIC ROCKS Pit 2b Porphyritic flow r Road 2c Tuff, lapilli tuff Bedd ing: ( STRIKE * DI p) MAFIC VOLCANIC ROCKS Foliation: (STRIKE a, D i P) 1a Fine-grained flow ' Abundant outcrop 1b Pillowed flow; flow breccia Large outcrop 1c Medium-to coarse-grained flow Small outcrop 1d Porphyritic flow Quartz vein 1e Variolitic flow Quartz-car b. vein 1f Tuff Figure 24—Geology of the Sawdo c/a/ms (shows detail of part of Figure 23). 49 and fine stringers. Quartz-carbonate veins cut the lenses ping and trenching. Nine diamond-drill holes were com and micaceous schist as a stockwork of variably sized pleted to a total depth of 2,417 feet. Woolverton (1960, veins. Pyrite and chalcopyrite comprise up to 3*fc of the p.46) reported a compilation of assays done by Noranda veins. In the southeast corner of the property, several oc Mines over a 20-foot width as: Au, 0.034 ounces/ton; Ag, currences of disseminated chalcopyrite and sphalerite 0.57 ounces/ton; Cu, Q.25%; Zn, Q.22%. are located in sheared felsic porphyries. 1954: Balacen Mines Ltd. held three claims at the Size and Grade: No tonnage available. Assay values, as west end of Lumby Lake. One diamond-drill hole was released, range from 0.07 to 1.99 ounce/ton Au (Woolver completed to a depth of 500 feet. ton 1960, p.47). 1960: Little Long Lac Gold Mines Ltd. held by option, /Assays of Mineralization 32 chains east of the Anderson property. Trenching was done across the rusty shear zone. Woolverton (1960, Sample Description Au(grt) Ag(gA) W50 Grab sample of pyrite-rich tuff. 0.938 -ci p.48) assayed a grab sample from the trench which yield W51 Grab sample of carbonate lens. 0.003 ^ ed: Au, 0.05 ounce/ton; Ag, trace; Cu, Q.29%; Zn, e.74%; W52 Grey quartz of stockwork veins. 0.003 *c1 Pb, 1.750Xo. W153 Chlorite-sericite schist (adjacent 1970: L.E. Giles staked 20 claims over part of the to carbonate lens). 0.012 'd original Anderson property. During 1972, Oja Ltd. under W154 Pyrite-rich portion of carbonate lens. 0.012 -ci took a magnetometer and electromagnetic surveys over W156 Quartz-carbonate vein. 0.015 *c1 two claims and delineated an anomaly beneath Bufo W157 Quartz-carbonate vein. 0.003 *C1 Lake. During this period, Univex Mining Corporation Ltd. W158 Quartz-carbonate vein with commissioned Oja Ltd. to conduct similar surveys on approximately 5'fc pyrite. 0.313 "d W159 Cherty position of carbonate lens. 0.035 *C1 their claims along the north shore of Lumby Lake. Several anomalies were detected and seven diamond-drill holes DEVELOPMENT HISTORY were completed to a depth of 1,705 feet (for five holes re 1895-1900: Woolverton (1960) made several refer ported). Disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite were dis ences to prospecting being done on the property. covered in sheared felsic porphyry. 1938-1940: Red Cedar Lake Gold Mines Ltd. staked 1976: Kerr Addison Mines Ltd. held 14 claims be a group of (50?) claims immediately west of Lumby Lake. tween Bufo and Spoon Lakes. The company undertook Trenching was undertaken on rusty shear zone rocks and geophysical surveys and a detailed geochemical survey. four diamond-drill holes were completed. Assays ranged A zone of disseminated chalcopyrite and sphalerite was from 0.001 to 0.18 ounce/ton Au; and Q.9% to 7.420Xo Cu delineated west of Lumby Lake. (Assessment Files, Resident Geologist's Office, Ministry CURRENT OWNERSHIP of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay). Mr. P. Sawdo, Kawene, Ontario 1946: C.A. Alcock staked 13 mining claims east of REFERENCE MAPS Red Paint Lake. Six test pits and some outcrop stripping Map 2065, Akikokan-Lakehead Sheet (Pye and Fenwick were completed over quartz-carbonate veins in a rusty 1965) micaceous schist. Assays reported ranged from 0.07 to Map 1960g, Lumby Lake Area, West Half (Woolverton 1.99 ounces/ton Au; Cu up to Q.48% (Woolverton 1960, 1960) p.47). SELECTED REFERENCES 1948: L.C. Anderson restaked the group of claims Fenwick (1976a) which included the original Red Cedar Lake Gold Mines Wilkinson (1979) property. During 1951, Newkirk and Company Ltd. and Woolverton (1960) Noranda Mines Ltd. jointly undertook a program of map 50 REFERENCES Beard, B.C., and Garratt, G.L. 1971: The Origin of a Stratabound Pyrite Deposit in Predomi 1976: Gold Deposits of the Kenora-Fort Frances Area; Ontario nantly Volcanic Derived Strata in the Finlayson Lake Area, Division of Mines, Mineral Deposits Circular 16, 46p. Ac District of Rainy River, Ontario; Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, companied by Preliminary Map P.452 (revised) and Chart Michigan Technical University, 90p. A, Scale 1:253 440 or 1 inch to 4 miles. 1976a: Geology of the Finlayson Lake Area, District of Rainy Riv Bow, J. A. er; Ontario Division of Mines, Geoscience Report 145, 1898: Mines of Northwestern Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, 86p. Accompanied by Maps 2297 and 2298, Scales 1:31 Annual Report for 1898, Volume 7, Part 1, p.35-84. 680 or 1 inch to Vz mile. 1899: Mines of Northwestern Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, 1976b:The Property of Atiko Gold Mines Limited, in McCaul Annual Report for 1899, Volume 8, Part 1, p.49-99. Township, Rainy River District, Ontario; on file at the Re 1900: Mines of Northwestern Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, gional Geologist's Office, Ministry of Natural Resources, Annual Report for 1900, Volume 9, p.35-88. Thunder Bay, Ontario. Boyle, R.W. Fenwick, K.G., Larsen, C.R., Scott, J.F., Mason, M.K., and 1979: The Geochemistry of Gold and Its Deposits; Geological Schnieders, B.R. * Survey of Canada, Bulletin 280,584p. 1980:1979 Report of North Central Regional Geologist; p.38-61 Bruce, E.L in Annual Report of the Regional and Resident Geologists, 1925: Gold Deposits of Kenora and Rainy River Districts; Ontario 1979, edited by C.R. Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, Department of Mines, Volume 34, Part 6, p.1-42. Accom Miscellaneous Paper 91,143p. panied by Map 34h, Scale: 1 inch to 200 feet. Ferguson, S.A., Groen, H.A., and Haynes, R. Carter, W.E.H. 1971: Gold Deposits of Ontario, Part 1, Districts of Algoma, Co 1901: Mines of Northwest Ontario: Part 2; Ontario Bureau of chrane, Kenora, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay; Ontario Mines, Annual Report for 1901, Volume 10, p.90-112. Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, Mineral Re 1902: The Mines of Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Annual Re sources Circular 13,315p. port for 1902, Volume 11, p.231 -298. Fumerton, S.L. 1904: Mines of Western Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, An 1979: The Righteye Lake Area, District of Rainy River; p.38-40, in nual Report for 1904, Volume 13, Part 1, p.58-87. Summary of Field Work, 1979, by the Ontario Geological 1905: Mines of Western Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, An Survey, edited by V.G. Milne, O.L. White, R.B. Barlow, and nual Report for 1905, Volume 14, Part 1, p.43-75. C.R. Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Coleman, A.P. Paper 90,245p. 1895: Gold in Ontario: Its Associated Rocks and Minerals; On Gardiner, M.C. tario Bureau of Mines, Annual Report for 1894, Volume 4, 1939: The Gold Deposits of the Atikokan Area, Ontario; Unpub p.35-100. lished M.A. Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, 48p. 1896a: Second Report on the Gold Fields of Western Ontario; Gibson, T.W. Ontario Bureau of Mines, Annual Report for 1895, Volume 1901: Statistics for 1900; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Annual Re 5.P.47-106. port for 1901, Volume 10, p.9-60. 1896b: The Gold Fields of Western Ontario, Canada; Ontario Bu 1912: Statistical Review; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Annual Report reau of Mines, Bulletin 1, 8p. for 1913, Volume 22, Part 1, p.5-61. 1897: Third Report on the West Ontario Gold Region; Ontario Bu Gordon, J. B. reau of Mines, Annual Report for 1896, Volume 6, p.71- 1977: Gold Deposits of Ontario, West Central Sheet, Districts of 124. Kenora (Patricia Portion), Thunder Bay, Algoma, and Co 1898: Fourth Report on the West Ontario Gold Region; Ontario chrane; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map Bureau of Mines, Annual Report for 1898, Volume 7, Part P.1227, Mineral Deposits Series, Scale 1:1 013 760 or 1 2, p.109-145. inch to 16 miles. Compilation 1974,1975,1976. Corkill, E.T. Grabowski, G.P.B. 1906: Mines of Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Annual Report 1975: Geology and Geochemistry of the Atikokan Iron Mine; Un for 1906, Volume 15, Part 1, p.47-107. published B.Sc. Thesis, Lakehead University, 82p. 1907: Mines of Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Annual Report Hawley, J. E. for 1907. Volume 16, Part 1, p.55-91. 1930: Geology of the Sapawe Lake Area, With Notes on Some 1912: Mines of Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Annual Report Iron and Gold Deposits of Rainy River District; Ontario De for 1912, Volume 21, Part 1, p. 100-168. partment of Mines, Annual Report for 1929, Volume 38, 1913: Mines of Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Annual Report Part 6, p.1-58. Accompanied by Map 38e, Scale 1:47 520 for 1913, Volume 22, Part 1, p.98-145. or 1 inch to ^4 mile. Davies, J.C., and Pryslak, A.P. Karvinen, W. O. 1966: Kenora-Fort Francis Sheet; Ontario Department of Mines, 1980: Geology and Evolution of Gold Deposits, Timmins Area; Geological Compilaton Series, Map 2115, Scale 1:253 440 p. 1-43 in Genesis of Archean, Volcanic-Hosted Gold De or 1 inch to 4 miles. posits, edited by R.G. Roberts, Ontario Geological Survey, De Kalb, Courtenay Open File Report 5293,387p. 1899: The Condition of Mines; Ontario Bureau of Mines, Volume Lawson, A.C. 8, Part1,p.29-48. 1912: The Geology of Steeprock Lake, Ontario; Geological Sur Fenwick, K.G. vey of Canada, Memoir 28, p.1-15. 1969: Finlayson Lake Area, West Half, District of Rainy River, On Mackasey, W.O., Blackburn, C.E., and Trowell, N.F. tario; Ontario Department of Mines, Preliminary Map 1974: A Regional Approach to the Wabigoon-Quetico Belts and P.542, Scale 1:15 840 or 1 inch to V* mile. Its Bearing on Exploration in Northwestern Ontario; On tario Division of Mines, Miscellaneous Paper 58,29p. 51 MacRae, W. Pye, E.G., and Fenwick, K.G. 1978: Mineral Deposits of the Atikokan Area; p.206-209 in Sum 1965: Atikokan-Lakehead Sheet, Kenora, Rainy River, and mary of Field Work, 1978, by the Ontario Geological Sur Thunder Bay Districts; Ontario Department of Mines, Map vey, edited by V.G. Milne, O.L. White, R.B. Barlow, and 2065, Geological Compilation Series, Scale 1:253 440 or 1 J.A. Robertson, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous inch to 4 miles. Geology 1962,1963. Paper 82,235p. Riddell, G.S. Mcilwaine, W.H., and Chorlton, L.B. 1969: Statistics of the Mineral Industry and Mining Operations in 1973: East Half of Sapawe Lake Area, District of Rainy River; Ontario for 1967; Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Re p.71-75 in Summary of Field Work, 1973, by the Geologi port for 1967, Volume 77,192p. cal Branch, edited by V.G. Milne, D.F. Hewitt, and W.J. Roberts, R.G. (editor) Wolfe, Ontario Division of Mines, Miscellaneous Paper 56, 1980: Genesis of Archean, Volcanic-Hosted Gold Deposits: 202p. eleven papers submitted to a symposium held at the Uni Mcilwaine, W.H., and Hillary, E.M. versity of Waterloo, March 7, 1980; Ontario Geological 1974: West Half of Sapawe Lake Area, District of Rainy River; Survey, Open File Report 5293,387p. p.65-69 in Summary of Field Work, 1974, by the Geologi Shklanka, R. cal Branch, edited by V.G. Milne, D.F. Hewitt, and K.D. 1972: Geology of the Steep Rock Lake Area, District of Rainy Card, Ontario Division of Mines, Miscellaneous Paper 59, River, Part 1; Ontario Department of Mines and Northern 206p. Affairs, Geological Report 93, 114p. Accompanied by Mcilwaine, W.H., and Larsen, C.R. Map 2217, Scale 1:12 000 or 1 inch to 1.000 feet. 1981 a: Sapawe Lake Area, East Part, Rainy River District; On Smythe, H.L. tario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.2388 (Re 1891: Structural Geology of Steeprock Lake; American Journal vised), Geological Series, Scale 1:15 840 or 1 inch to VA of Science, Volume 42, Third Series, p.317-331. mile. Geology 1973,1974. Springer, Janet 1981 b: Sapawe Lake Area, West Part, Rainy River District; On 1978: Ontario Mineral Potential, Quetico Sheet, Districts of Thun tario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.2389 (Re der Bay and Rainy River; Ontario Geological Survey, Pre vised), Geological Series, Scale 1:15 840 or 1 inch to VA liminary Map P. 1522, Mineral Deposits Series, Scale 1:250 mile. Geology 1973,1974. 000. Compilaton 1977,1978. Mcinnes, W. Tanton, T. L. 1899: Report on the Geology of the Area Covered by the Seine 1927: Mineral Deposits of the Steeprock Lake Map-Area, Ontar River and Lake Shebandowan Map-Sheets; Geological io; Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report for Survey of Canada, Annual Report for 1897, Volume 10, 1925, Part C, p. 1-11. Part H, 65p. Tower, W.O., Cave, A.E., Taylor, J.B., Little, E.S., Hargrave, Miller, W.G. W.G., Bayne, A.S., Cooper, D.F., Weir, E.B., and Douglass, D.P. 1903: Mines of Northwestern Ontario; Ontario Bureau of Mines, 1942: Mines of Ontario in 1940; Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report for 1903, Volume 12, p.73-107. Annual Report for 1941, Volume 50, Part 1, p. 1-166. Moore, E.S. Tower, W.O., Smith, R.L., Cave, A.E., Cooper, D.F., Taylor, J.B., 1940: Geology and Ore Deposits of the Atikokan Area; Ontario Bawden, W.E., Little, E.S., Weir, E.B., and Douglass, D.P. Department of Mines, Annual Report for 1939, Volume 48, 1946: Mines of Ontario in 1941; Ontario Geological Survey, An Part 2, p.1-34. Accompanied by Map 48a, Scale 1:63 360 nual Report for 1942, Volume 51, Part 1, p.64-236. or 1 inch to 1 mile. Tremblay, Maurice Morgan, J. 1940: Statistical Review of the Mineral Industry for 1938; Ontario 1978: Structure of the Finlayson Lake Greenstone Belt; Unpub Department of Mines, Annual Report for 1939, Volume 48, lished M.Se. Thesis, Department of Geology, University of Parti, p. 1-54. Toronto, 95p. 1946: Statistical Review of the Mineral Industry of Ontario from Pirie, James 1941; Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report for 1978: Geology of the Crooked Pine Lake Area, District of Rainy 1942, Volume 51, Part 1, p. 1-48. River, Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Report 179, Wilkinson, S.J. 73p. Accompanied by Map 2405, Scale 1:31 360 or 1 inch 1979: Gold Mineralization of the Atikokan Area; p.208-212, in to V2 mile. Summary of Field Work, 1979, by the Ontario Geological 1980: Regional Geological Setting of Gold Mineralization in the Survey, edited by V.G. Milne, O.L. White, R.B. Barlow, and Red Lake Area, NW Ontario; p.303-358 in Genesis of Ar C.R. Kustra, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous chean, Volcanic-Hosted Gold Deposits, edited by R.G. Paper 90,2^5p. Roberts, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report Woolverton, R.S. 5293, 387p. 1960: Geology of the Lumby Lake Area; Ontario Department of Pitcher, W.S., and Berger, A.R. Mines, Annual Report for 1960, Volume 69, Part 5, 52p. 1972: The Geology of Donegal: A Study of Granite Emplacement Accompanied by Map 1960g, Scale 1:31 680 or 1 inch to and Uproofing; John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Wiley-lntersci- Vz mile. ence, New York, 435p. Young, W.L. 1960: Geology of the Bennet-Tanner Area; Ontario Department of Mines, Volume 69, Part 4, 17p. Accompanied by Map 1960b, Scale 1:31 680 or 1 inch to Vfe mile. 52 INDEX PAGE PAGE AL282 Gold Mining and Development Fidelity Mining Investments Ltd...... 34 Corp. of Ontario Ltd...... 23 Finlayson Lake...... 5,6,41 Alcock, C. A...... 50 Finlayson Lake metavolcanic belt. . . . .39 Anderson, L. C...... 50 Flanders Station ...... 46 Andowan Mines Ltd...... 47 Folger, Henry...... 30 Anglo-Canadian Gold Estates Ltd. . . . . 44 Folger Hammond Mines Co. Ltd., The. . 30 Ankerite . . . . . 6,7,12,13,17,21,23,24,26, Franklin Lake...... 47 28,30,34,39,41,42,44,47 Freeborn Tp...... 1,2,5,39,41 Anomaly, electromagnetic...... 20 Freeport Exploration Co...... 47 Argillite...... 41 Arsenic ...... 1,9-18 passim Galena...... 6,7,12,13,17,21,23,24,28, Arsenopyrite . . . . 6,7,12,13,17,19,21,28, 30,33,34,37,39,41,44,47 34,36,39,41,42,44,47 Giles, G. E...... 50 Asmussen Tp...... 1,2,5 Golden Twins Mining Co., The...... 41 Atiko (Sapawe) gold mine. . . . . 1,7,34-36 Golden Twins occurrence ...... 7 Geology; figure...... 35 Golden Winner Mine . . . . . 6,18,26,28,30 Atiko Gold Mines Ltd...... 36 Gold Winner Mining Co. of Ontario Ltd...... 28 B. W. Tripp claims (Blackfly Gold, visible...... 6,7,12,13,19,21, occurrence) ...... 7,39 23,28,30,34,44 Geology;figure...... 40 Gold deposits, location of; figure ...... 2 Baker Tp...... 1,2,5,44 Graphite ...... 41 Balacen Mines Ltd...... 50 Batholiths: Hammond, James ...... 30 Dashwa Lake . . I ...... 5,8,13,42,44 Hammond Gold Reef Mining Co. Marmion Lake ...... 5,8,13,24,26,28 Ltd., The...... 30 33,34,39,47 Hammond Reef Consolidated Mining Blackfly occurrence Co. Ltd., The ...... 30 See: B. W. Tripp claims. Hammond Reef Mine...... 1,6,10,12,18, Bufo Lake ...... 50 26,30,31,33 Geology;figure...... 31 Canadian Longyear Ltd...... 46 Harold Lake...... 44 Central Canada Mines Ltd...... 34 Harold Lake Gold Mines Co. Ltd. . . . . 44 Chalcopyrite...... 6,7,12,13,17,21, Harold Lake mine ...... 1,7,42,44-46 28-5 O passim Geology;figure...... 45 Chert ...... 6,17,19,47,50 Hawk Bay Gold Mining Co. Ltd., The . . 26 Chromium ...... 9-18 passim Hawk Bay occurrence...... 6,26 Clearwater West Lake...... 21,26,28,30, Geology; figure...... 27 33,39,41 Hematite ...... 12 Cobalt (mineral) ...... 1 Highway 11 ...... 34,46 Companion Lake...... 24 Highway 623 ...... 34 Copper ...... 1,6,9-24 passim, 37,46,47 Hoover, H. J...... 47 Copper Zinc Mines of Sudbury Ltd. . . . 30 Hutchinson Tp...... 1,2,5,21,23 Corrigan, E...... 36 Cowan, Sol. . . . . : ...... 46 Iron .1,47 Crooked Pine Lake ...... 13 Jack Lake Gold Mining Co. Ltd., The . . 34 Dashwa Lake Batholith. . . . . 5,8,13,42,44 Jack Lake Mine...... 1,6,33-34 Day Lake occurrence ...... 7,36-37 Jack Lake Mines Ltd...... 34 Geology; figure...... 37 Dome vein (Rebair occurrence) ...... 42 Kabascong (prospector) ...... 30 Domtar ...... 47 Kerr Addison Mines Ltd...... 50 Domtar-Woodlands ...... 26 King (prospector) ...... 26 Domtar-Woodlands road...... 21,24,47 Lead...... 1,6,9-20passim, 37,46 Electromagnetic anomaly ...... 20 Lindsay Explorations Ltd...... 36 Electromagnetic surveys ...... 20 Lindsay vein (Atiko gold mine) ...... 34 Elizabeth mine ...... 1,7,41,42-44 Little Long Lac Gold Mines Ltd...... 50 Geology; figure...... 43 Little Rock Consolidated Mining and Elizabeth Gold Mines Ltd...... 44 Development Co. Ltd...... 21 Epidote...... 9,17,19,24,26,39,42,44,47 Lumby, J...... 21 Eye Lake...... 5 Lumby Lake...... 1,50 Lumby Lake shear zone ...... 47 Factor Lake ...... 46 Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd...... 30 McCaul Tp...... 1,2,5,33,34,36 Fault, Quetico ...... 5,6,8,46 McTavish, Ken ...... 47 53 PAGE PAGE Magnetometer surveys ...... 20 Sapawe (post office) ...... 21,24,26 Main vein (Sawbill mine)...... 28 Sapawe Gold Mine...... 1,7 Marmion Lake ...... 5,21,26,28,30,33 See also: Atiko Gold Mine. Marmion Lake Batholith. . . .5,8,13,24,26, Sapawe Gold Mines Ltd...... 36 28,33-34,39,47 Sapawe Lake ...... 21 Mayflower mine ...... 7,17,19,46-47 Sapawe Mine Gold Zone...... 34 Mayflower Mining Co...... 47 Sawbill Bay ...... 28,30 Mesuba Bay ...... 41 Sawbill Lake Gold Mining Co. Ltd., The 28 Metasedimentary belt, Quetico...... 5 Sawbill Junior vein (Sawbill mine) . . . . 50 Metavolcanic belts: Sawbill mine...... 6,12,18,26,28-30 Finlayson Lake...... 39 Geology; figure ...... 29 Wabigoon...... 5 Sawbill vein (Sawbill mine)...... 28 Minto mine ...... 6,21 Sawdo, P...... 50 Geology;figure...... 22 Sawdo claims ...... 7 Mistahasen, Joe...... 30 See also: Red Paint Lake occurrence Modred Lake ...... 42,44 Scheelite ...... 7,12,17,34,42 Modred Lake area; figure ...... 14 Scheider (claim owner)...... 39 Moffat, B...... 42,44 Schwenger Tp...... 1,2,5,37,47 Molybdenite...... 6,7,12,41 Seine River...... 42,44 Molybdenum ...... 1,12,17 Shear zone, Lumby lake ...... 47 Silver . . . 1,6,12,13,17-42 pass/m, 46,47,50 New Golden Twins occurrence...... 41 Snow Lake occurrence ...... 7, 37-39 Newkirk and Co. Ltd...... 50 Geology; figure ...... 38 New York and Ontario Gold Mining Sphalerite ...... 6,7,12,13,17,28,30, Co. Ltd., The...... 23 34,39,41,44,47,50 Nickel...... l Spoon Lake ...... 50 Noranda Mines Ltd...... 30,50 Steel, J. S...... 34 Norway Lake ...... 26,47 Steep Rock Lake...... 8 Sturgeon Lake ...... 34 Oja Ltd...... 50 Sunbeam mine ...... 6,18,21,23,24 Ontario Hydro generating station . . . . . 39 Geology; figure ...... 23 Superior Structural Province ...... 5 Perch Lake...... 42,44 Surveys: Pettigrew, W. D...... 26 Electromagnetic ...... 20 Pettigrew Mine ...... 6,10,24-26 Magnetometer...... 20 Geology; figure...... 25 Sylvanite Gold Mines Ltd...... 26 Plator Gralouise Gold Mines Ltd...... 33 Plator Gralouise prospect ...... 6,33 Talc ...... 17,47 Geology; figure...... 32 Tanner Tp...... 1,2,5 Plator Porcupine Gold Mines Ltd. . . . . 33 Tourmaline ...... 24,34 Premier Lake ...... 24,26 Tripp, B. W...... 39 Pyrite ...... 6,7,12,13,17-50 passim Tripp, B. W., claims ...... 7,39 Geology; figure...... 40 Quetico Fault...... 5,6,8,46 Tungsten ...... 1,12 Quetico metasedimentary belt...... 5 Tyrell Lake ...... 24,33 Quetico Subprovince ...... 5 Univex Mining Corp. Ltd...... 50 Railroad Alining and Development Co. . 23 Upper Seine Mine Rainy River, District of ...... l See: Sawbill Mine. Ramsay Wright Tp...... 1,2,5,24,26 Upper Seine Gold Mines Ltd...... 28 Rebair Gold Mines Ltd...... 39,42 Upper Seine Gold Syndicate ...... 28 Rebair occurrence ...... 7,41-42 Red Cedar Lake Gold Mines Ltd...... 50 Ventures Ltd...... 30 Red Paint Lake...... 1,5,17,19,26,47,50 Red Paint Lake occurrence Wabigoon metavolcanic belt ...... 5 (Sawdo claims)...... 47-50 Wabigoon Subprovince...... 5 Geology; figure...... 49 Weadock, G. W...... 34 Metal occurrences; figure ...... 48 Wicheruk, M...... 21,34,42,44 Reserve Island occurrence. . 6,18,21,23,24 Wiley brothers (prospectors) ...... 28,44 Rossmoore Mine ...... 30 Williams vein (Sawbill mine) ...... 50 Roy Mine...... 6,18,23-24 Geology; figure...... 24 Young, D. R...... 36 Roy Mining and Development Co. . . . . 24 Rust, Ezra ...... 34 Zinc ...... 1,6,9-20 passim, 37,46,47 54