Scripta Botanica Belgica 47: 155-158 (2011)

. causing organisms Quentin J. Groom National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgium [email protected] Scripta Bot. Belg. 47: I. Hoste (ed.), The spontaneous flora of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium (Domein van Bouchout, Meise)

Résumé. – Les organismes cécidogènes du Domaine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique. Les collections vivantes ainsi que la flore spontanée du Jardin botanique offrent de belles perspectives pour l’étude des organismes cécidogènes. Cette contribution donne une liste des espèces observées depuis 2009.

Samenvatting. – Galvormende organismen in het Domein van de Nationale Planten­ tuin van België. De levende verzamelingen en de gevarieerde spontane flora van de Plan­ ten­tuin bieden veel galvormers kansen om zich te ontwikkelen. Deze bijdrage biedt een checklist van de sinds 2009 aangetroffen soorten.

Results Introduction A full checklist of the found in the Gar- The diverse collections of the National den is listed below. Gall forming organisms Botanic Garden of Belgium create an ideal generally show a strong fidelity to one host, place to find a wide range of gall forming or- making it unusual to find galls on non-native ganisms in a small area. Monitoring of plant cultivated . Where galls were found on galls provides information on new plant pests alien cultivated plants they were usually on and on their host specificity. In recent years, close relatives of native plants, or on hybrids several new species of gall forming organisms where one parent was the native taxon. Three have spread across Europe in the wake of plant notable exceptions were the introductions and it is likely more will follow. quadripedes on ; Obolo­ diplosis robiniae on Robinia pseudoacacia; Methods and pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop­ Galls were searched for in all parts of the Bo- tera. is a North American tanic Garden on wild and cultivated plants dur- , which first came to Europe around 1995 ing 2009 and 2010. Gall forming organisms and has since been reported from many Euro- were identified by their galls, rather than by pean countries (Ettis et al. 2005; Ripka et al. identifying the actual organism. The abundance 2002; Wurzell 2002). In Belgium, this repre- of galls was assessed as common, uncommon sents the third or fourth record of this species or rare based on the probability of finding a gall for the country (Prof. Jacques Lambinon, pers. on the host plant. If the host plant is rare in the communication). Aceria pterocaryae is from Garden, but the gall is found on every plant, China, but was reported from the UK, then the gall would be considered common. As and Belgium in 2008 (Ostojá-Starzewski & there is often only a single example of culti- Coombes 2008). Obolodiplosis robiniae from vated taxa within the Garden for these cases the North America was first found in Europe in abundance is relative to the number of galls on 2002 and in the Netherlands in 2007 (Docters this specimen. van Leeuwen 2009).

155 A detailed analysis of the galls on Quer­ Rosa spp. including all the species listed above cus species, and their host specificity, has been (Biological Records Centre 2009). published separately (Groom 2010). • Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma hed­ eracea – Rare. (Fig. 1) A Checklist of Galls in the Botanic Garden Gall Wasps (Cynipidae) • Andricus callidoma (♀♀) on ­ . – Rare. • Andricus fecundator (♀♀) on Quercus ro­ bur. – Uncommon. • Andricus grossulariae (♂♀) on Quercus ×his­panica and Quercus cerris. – Common. • Andricus grossulariae (♀♀) – Rare on Quer­ cus robur. – Only one gall ever found. • (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus lignicolus (♀♀) on Quercus ro­bur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • (♀♀) on Quercus Figure 1. Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma robur. – Common. Another alien species that hederacea. relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cy- cle. • albipes (♀♀) on Quercus robur. • Andricus quercusradicis or A. testaceipes – Common. (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. The galls of • (♀♀) on Quercus these species are indistinguishable from each robur. – Common. other. • (♀♀) on Quercus • Andricus solitarius (♀♀) on Quer­cus robur. robur. – Common. – Rare. • Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (♀♀) on Quer­ • pallida (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – cus robur. – Common. Uncommon. • Pediaspis aceri on Acer heldreichii, A. hyr­ • Callirhytis erythrocephala (♀♀) on Quer­cus canum, A. monspessulanum, A. opalus subsp. cerris acorns. – Common. obtusatum, A. pseudoplatanus and A. veluti­ • Cynips longiventris (♀♀) on Quercus ro­bur. num. – Common. All species galled by this – Uncommon. are closely related European and • Cynips quercusfolii (♀♀) on Quercus ro­bur. Middle-eastern species, belonging to the Acer – Uncommon. core clade (Grimm et al. 2006). Taxa ungalled • Cynips divisa (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – by Pediaspis aceri in the Garden were Acer Rare. buergerianum, A. cappadocicum, A. davidii, • Diastrophus rubi on Rubus fruticosus – Un- A. forrestii, A. ginnala, A. griseum, A. henryi, common A. japonicum, A. laxiflorum, A. macro­phyl­lum, • Diplolepis rosea on Rosa agrestis, R. mi­ A. negundo, A. oliverianum, A. palmatum, A. cran­tha, R. rubiginosa & R. villosa. – There palmatum subsp. amoenum, A. pensyl­va­nium, is rarely more than one gall on a bush; other A. pictum subsp. mono, A. rubescens, A. ru­ rose species may be susceptible but the abun- brum, A. saccharinum, A. saccharm, A. shi­ dance of Diplolepis rosea is low. This gall has rasawanum, A. tatarium, A. tetramerum, A. pre­viously been reported on a wide variety of triflorum and A. ×freemanii.

156 Scripta Bot. Belg. 47 (2011) Gall Midges (Cecidomyiidae) • calycophthirus on Betula pubes­ • Contarinia tiliarum on ×europea. – cens. – Uncommon. Rare. • on . – • Dasineura crataegi on mono­ Rare. gyna. – Rare. • Aceria aceriscampestris on . • Dasineura symphyti on Symphytum offici­ – Rare. nale. – Common. • Aceria cephaloneus or A. macrorhynchus on • Dasineura tiliae on Tilia cordata ×mongo­lia. Acer pseudoplantanus. – Rare. – Uncommon. • Aceria erineus on Juglans regia. – Uncom­ ­ • Dasineura ulmaria on Filipendula ulmaria. mon. • Aceria fagineus on Fagus sylvatica. – Un­ – Common. common. • Dasineura urticae on Urtica dioica. – Rare. • Aceria fraxinivorus on Fraxinus excelsior. – • Hartigiola annulipes on Fagus sylvatica. – Uncommon. Uncommon. • on Acer pseudoplata­ • Iteomyia capreae on Salix caprea. – Un­ nus. – Common. common. • Aceria pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop­ • Iteomyia major on Salix cinerea. – Uncom­ tera and to a lesser extent on Pterocarya ×reh­ mon. deriana. – Common, but not on Ptero­carya • Jaapiella veronicae on Veronica cha­mae­ fraxinifolia or P. rhoifolia. First found in the drys. – Common. Garden by Jan De Langhe in June 2006. • Macrodiplosis dryobia on Q. robur. – Com­ • Aceria ulmicola on Ulmus laevis. – Uncom­ mon. mon. • Monarthropalpus flavus on Buxus semper­ • fraxini on Fraxinus excelsior – Rare virens, B. microphylla & B. wallichiana. – • atrichus on Stellaria grami­ Common. nea. – Common. • Mikiola fagi on Fagus sylvatica. – Common. • Cecidophyopsis psilaspis on Taxus baccata. • Obolodiplosis robiniae on Robinia pseu­ – Uncommon. doacacia – Uncommon. First found in western • convolvens on Euonymus euro­ Europe in 2007. paeus. – Common. • Wachtliella persicariae on Persicaria hy­dro­ • on . – piper. – Uncommon. Uncommon. • Zygiobia carpini on Carpinus betulus. – Un- • on Alnus glutinosa. – Un­ common. common. Sawflies (Tenthredinidae) • Eriophyes platanoideus on Acer platenoides­ . – Rare. • Blennocampa phyllocolpa on a Rosa sp. – • on Tilia ×euchlora, T. pla­ Rare. typhyllos and T. tomentosa. – Common. Other • Pontania proxima on Salix nigra. – Un­com­ hosts reported in the literature are T. dasystyla mon. Normally found on S. alba and other subsp. caucasica, T. cordata and T. ameri­ca­ closely related native species. na (Buchta et al. 2006, Soika 2006). Howev- • Pontania tuberculata on Salix caprea. – Un- er, these species were not galled by E. tiliae common. in the Garden. Eriophyes on T. tomentosa­ are Anthomyiid Flies (Anthomyiidae) sometimes described as either E. tiliae tomen­ • Chirosia betuleti on Dryopteris filix-mas. – tosae or E. tomentosae (Buhr 1965, Lambinon Rare. 2009). However, it is not known if the galls on T. tomentosa in the Botanic Garden are caused Gall Mites () by the same species as on T. platyphyllos or a • on Alnus glutinosa. – different one. This question remains for future Uncommon. investigation.

Q. Groom, Gall causing organisms 157 • Eriophyes leiosoma and/or ab­nor­ References mis on T. americana, T. ×euchlora (T. dasystyla Biological Records Centre (2009) – Database of × cordata), T. cordata × mongolia, T. tomen­ and their Food Plants. [http://www.brc.ac.uk/DBIF/home tosa and T. platyphyllos. – Common. Eriophyes page.aspx; accessed 14 October 2009.] leiosoma and Phytoptus abnormis cannot be Buchta I., Kula E. & Kresťanpolová M. (2006) – Occur­ reliably separated from their galls (Redfern and rence variations and spatial distribution patterns of Erio- Shirley 2002). phyes tiliae (Pgst.) (, Eriophyidae) subspecies in the urban environment. Journal of Forest Science 52(12): 547- • coryli on . – 555. Rare. Buhr H. (1965) – Bestimmungstabellen der Gallen (Zoo- • on Crataegus mo­ und Phyto-Cecidien) an Pflanzen Mittel- und Nord-Euro- no­gyna. – Rare. pas II. Jena, V.E.B. Gustav Fischer Verlag. • on Corylus avellana. – Docters van Leeuwen, W.M. (2009) – Gallenboek: over- Uncommon. zicht van door dieren en planten veroorzaakte Nederlandse • Vasates quadripedes on Acer saccharinum. – gallen. Zeist, KNNV. Abundant on two trees, but completely absent Ettis W.N. & Ulenberg S.A. (2005) – Vasates quadri­ from two other accessions. pedes, a gall mite (not so very) new to The Netherlands. Entomologische berichten 65(2): 52-55. Aphids (Aphididae) Fraiture A. & Vanderweyen A. (2011) – Gymnosporan- • Adelges abietis on Picea abies. – Common. gium sabinae: such a beautiful disease… Scripta Bot. Belg. • Cryptomyzus korscheltii on alpinum – 47: 193-194. Uncommon. Grimm G. W., Renner S.S., Stamatakis A. & Hem­leben • Pemphigus spyrothecae on Populus nigra V. (2006) – A Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Phylogeny of Acer and Populus laurifolia. – Common. Inferred with Maximum Likelihood, Splits Graphs, and Motif Analysis of 606 Sequences. Evol Bioinform On­ Psyllids (Psylloidea) line.2: 7-22. • Spanioneura buxi on Buxus sempervirens. – Groom Q.J. (2010) – Host Specificity of Insects that Gall Uncommon. the Pedunculate (Quercus robur L.). Cecidology, • Trioza albiventris on Salix alba. – Uncom­ 25(1): 13-18. mon. Lambinon J. (2009) – Aide-mémoire de cécidologie: choix zoocécidies de la Belgique. S.l., Cercles des Natu­ Fungi (Uredinales) ra­listes de Belgique. • Claviceps purpurea on Glyceria fluitans. – Ostojá-Starzewski J.C. & Coombes A.J. (2008) – Ace­ria Rare. Pterocaryae (Acari: Eriophyidae), A New Addition to the British Mite Fauna. Cecidology 23(2): 42-45. • Ochropsora ariae on Anemone nemorosa. – Uncommon. Redfern M. & Shirley P. (2002) – British Plant Galls, Identification of galls on plants and fungi. Field Studies • Gymnosporangium sabinae on Pyrus pyras­ 10: 207-531. ter, P. pashia, P. communis subsp. sativa, Pyrus Ripka G., Fain A., Kazmierski A., Kreiter S. & Ma­ aff. communis × pyrifolia, × Pyronia veit­chii gow­ski W.Ł. (2002) – Recent data to the knowledge of and Juniperus ×pfitzeriana. – Common.­ There the arboreal mite fauna in Hungary (Acari: , are also reports in the literature of this species , and Astigmata). Acarologia 42(3): 271-281. on Pyrus calleryana and P. salicifolia­ (Vander- Soika G. (2006) – Eriophyoid mites (Acari: )­ weyen & Fraiture 2008, Yun & Rossman 2009, occurring on lime trees in ornamental nurseries. Biological Fraiture & Vanderweyen 2011). Lett. 43(2): 367-373. • Taphrina tosquinetii on Alnus glutinosa. – Vanderweyen A. & Fraiture A. (2008) – Catalogue des ème Uncommon. Uredinales de Belgique, 2 partie, Pucciniaceae (sauf Puccinia) (suite 3). Lejeunia 185:1-31. • Phomopsis sp. – Common. On Forsythia Wurzell B. (2002) – The maple bladder gall of the gall ×in­termedia, F. ovata, F. suspensa var. sus­ mite Vasates quadripedes new to Britain. Cecidology 17: pensa and F. suspensa var. fortunei, but not on 31-35. F. europaea, F. giraldiana and F. viridissima­ . Yun H.Y. & Rossman A.Y. (2009) – First Report of Gym- • Puccinia caricina on Urtica dioica – Un- nosporangium sabinae, European Pear Rust, on Bradford common. Pear in Michigan. Plant Disease 93(8): 841.

158 Scripta Bot. Belg. 47 (2011)