Scripta Botanica Belgica 47: 155-158 (2011)
. Gall causing organisms Quentin J. Groom National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgium [email protected] Scripta Bot. Belg. 47: I. Hoste (ed.), The spontaneous flora of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium (Domein van Bouchout, Meise)
Résumé. – Les organismes cécidogènes du Domaine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique. Les collections vivantes ainsi que la flore spontanée du Jardin botanique offrent de belles perspectives pour l’étude des organismes cécidogènes. Cette contribution donne une liste des espèces observées depuis 2009.
Samenvatting. – Galvormende organismen in het Domein van de Nationale Planten tuin van België. De levende verzamelingen en de gevarieerde spontane flora van de Plan tentuin bieden veel galvormers kansen om zich te ontwikkelen. Deze bijdrage biedt een checklist van de sinds 2009 aangetroffen soorten.
Results Introduction A full checklist of the galls found in the Gar- The diverse plant collections of the National den is listed below. Gall forming organisms Botanic Garden of Belgium create an ideal generally show a strong fidelity to one host, place to find a wide range of gall forming or- making it unusual to find galls on non-native ganisms in a small area. Monitoring of plant cultivated plants. Where galls were found on galls provides information on new plant pests alien cultivated plants they were usually on and on their host specificity. In recent years, close relatives of native plants, or on hybrids several new species of gall forming organisms where one parent was the native taxon. Three have spread across Europe in the wake of plant notable exceptions were the mites Vasates introductions and it is likely more will follow. quadripedes on Acer saccharinum; Obolo diplosis robiniae on Robinia pseudoacacia; Methods and Aceria pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop Galls were searched for in all parts of the Bo- tera. Vasates quadripedes is a North American tanic Garden on wild and cultivated plants dur- mite, which first came to Europe around 1995 ing 2009 and 2010. Gall forming organisms and has since been reported from many Euro- were identified by their galls, rather than by pean countries (Ettis et al. 2005; Ripka et al. identifying the actual organism. The abundance 2002; Wurzell 2002). In Belgium, this repre- of galls was assessed as common, uncommon sents the third or fourth record of this species or rare based on the probability of finding a gall for the country (Prof. Jacques Lambinon, pers. on the host plant. If the host plant is rare in the communication). Aceria pterocaryae is from Garden, but the gall is found on every plant, China, but was reported from the UK, France then the gall would be considered common. As and Belgium in 2008 (Ostojá-Starzewski & there is often only a single example of culti- Coombes 2008). Obolodiplosis robiniae from vated taxa within the Garden for these cases the North America was first found in Europe in abundance is relative to the number of galls on 2002 and in the Netherlands in 2007 (Docters this specimen. van Leeuwen 2009).
155 A detailed analysis of the galls on Quer Rosa spp. including all the species listed above cus species, and their host specificity, has been (Biological Records Centre 2009). published separately (Groom 2010). • Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma hed eracea – Rare. (Fig. 1) A Checklist of Galls in the Botanic Garden Gall Wasps (Cynipidae) • Andricus callidoma (♀♀) on Quercus robur . – Rare. • Andricus fecundator (♀♀) on Quercus ro bur. – Uncommon. • Andricus grossulariae (♂♀) on Quercus ×hispanica and Quercus cerris. – Common. • Andricus grossulariae (♀♀) – Rare on Quer cus robur. – Only one gall ever found. • Andricus kollari (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus lignicolus (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus quercuscalicis (♀♀) on Quercus Figure 1. Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma robur. – Common. Another alien species that hederacea. relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cy- cle. • Neuroterus albipes (♀♀) on Quercus robur. • Andricus quercusradicis or A. testaceipes – Common. (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. The galls of • Neuroterus anthracinus (♀♀) on Quercus these species are indistinguishable from each robur. – Common. other. • Neuroterus numismalis (♀♀) on Quercus • Andricus solitarius (♀♀) on Quercus robur. robur. – Common. – Rare. • Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (♀♀) on Quer • Biorhiza pallida (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – cus robur. – Common. Uncommon. • Pediaspis aceri on Acer heldreichii, A. hyr • Callirhytis erythrocephala (♀♀) on Quercus canum, A. monspessulanum, A. opalus subsp. cerris acorns. – Common. obtusatum, A. pseudoplatanus and A. veluti • Cynips longiventris (♀♀) on Quercus robur. num. – Common. All species galled by this – Uncommon. gall wasp are closely related European and • Cynips quercusfolii (♀♀) on Quercus robur. Middle-eastern species, belonging to the Acer – Uncommon. core clade (Grimm et al. 2006). Taxa ungalled • Cynips divisa (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – by Pediaspis aceri in the Garden were Acer Rare. buergerianum, A. cappadocicum, A. davidii, • Diastrophus rubi on Rubus fruticosus – Un- A. forrestii, A. ginnala, A. griseum, A. henryi, common A. japonicum, A. laxiflorum, A. macrophyllum, • Diplolepis rosea on Rosa agrestis, R. mi A. negundo, A. oliverianum, A. palmatum, A. crantha, R. rubiginosa & R. villosa. – There palmatum subsp. amoenum, A. pensylvanium, is rarely more than one gall on a bush; other A. pictum subsp. mono, A. rubescens, A. ru rose species may be susceptible but the abun- brum, A. saccharinum, A. saccharm, A. shi dance of Diplolepis rosea is low. This gall has rasawanum, A. tatarium, A. tetramerum, A. previously been reported on a wide variety of triflorum and A. ×freemanii.
156 Scripta Bot. Belg. 47 (2011) Gall Midges (Cecidomyiidae) • Acalitus calycophthirus on Betula pubes • Contarinia tiliarum on Tilia ×europea. – cens. – Uncommon. Rare. • Acalitus stenaspis on Fagus sylvatica. – • Dasineura crataegi on Crataegus mono Rare. gyna. – Rare. • Aceria aceriscampestris on Acer campestre. • Dasineura symphyti on Symphytum offici – Rare. nale. – Common. • Aceria cephaloneus or A. macrorhynchus on • Dasineura tiliae on Tilia cordata ×mongolia. Acer pseudoplantanus. – Rare. – Uncommon. • Aceria erineus on Juglans regia. – Uncom • Dasineura ulmaria on Filipendula ulmaria. mon. • Aceria fagineus on Fagus sylvatica. – Un – Common. common. • Dasineura urticae on Urtica dioica. – Rare. • Aceria fraxinivorus on Fraxinus excelsior. – • Hartigiola annulipes on Fagus sylvatica. – Uncommon. Uncommon. • Aceria pseudoplatani on Acer pseudoplata • Iteomyia capreae on Salix caprea. – Un nus. – Common. common. • Aceria pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop • Iteomyia major on Salix cinerea. – Uncom tera and to a lesser extent on Pterocarya ×reh mon. deriana. – Common, but not on Pterocarya • Jaapiella veronicae on Veronica chamae fraxinifolia or P. rhoifolia. First found in the drys. – Common. Garden by Jan De Langhe in June 2006. • Macrodiplosis dryobia on Q. robur. – Com • Aceria ulmicola on Ulmus laevis. – Uncom mon. mon. • Monarthropalpus flavus on Buxus semper • Aculus fraxini on Fraxinus excelsior – Rare virens, B. microphylla & B. wallichiana. – • Cecidophyopsis atrichus on Stellaria grami Common. nea. – Common. • Mikiola fagi on Fagus sylvatica. – Common. • Cecidophyopsis psilaspis on Taxus baccata. • Obolodiplosis robiniae on Robinia pseu – Uncommon. doacacia – Uncommon. First found in western • Eriophyes convolvens on Euonymus euro Europe in 2007. paeus. – Common. • Wachtliella persicariae on Persicaria hydro • Eriophyes inangulis on Alnus glutinosa. – piper. – Uncommon. Uncommon. • Zygiobia carpini on Carpinus betulus. – Un- • Eriophyes laevis on Alnus glutinosa. – Un common. common. Sawflies (Tenthredinidae) • Eriophyes platanoideus on Acer platenoides . – Rare. • Blennocampa phyllocolpa on a Rosa sp. – • Eriophyes tiliae on Tilia ×euchlora, T. pla Rare. typhyllos and T. tomentosa. – Common. Other • Pontania proxima on Salix nigra. – Uncom hosts reported in the literature are T. dasystyla mon. Normally found on S. alba and other subsp. caucasica, T. cordata and T. america closely related native species. na (Buchta et al. 2006, Soika 2006). Howev- • Pontania tuberculata on Salix caprea. – Un- er, these species were not galled by E. tiliae common. in the Garden. Eriophyes on T. tomentosa are Anthomyiid Flies (Anthomyiidae) sometimes described as either E. tiliae tomen • Chirosia betuleti on Dryopteris filix-mas. – tosae or E. tomentosae (Buhr 1965, Lambinon Rare. 2009). However, it is not known if the galls on T. tomentosa in the Botanic Garden are caused Gall Mites (Eriophyidae) by the same species as on T. platyphyllos or a • Acalitus brevitarsus on Alnus glutinosa. – different one. This question remains for future Uncommon. investigation.
Q. Groom, Gall causing organisms 157 • Eriophyes leiosoma and/or Phytoptus abnor References mis on T. americana, T. ×euchlora (T. dasystyla Biological Records Centre (2009) – Database of Insects × cordata), T. cordata × mongolia, T. tomen and their Food Plants. [http://www.brc.ac.uk/DBIF/home tosa and T. platyphyllos. – Common. Eriophyes page.aspx; accessed 14 October 2009.] leiosoma and Phytoptus abnormis cannot be Buchta I., Kula E. & Kresťanpolová M. (2006) – Occur reliably separated from their galls (Redfern and rence variations and spatial distribution patterns of Erio- Shirley 2002). phyes tiliae (Pgst.) (Acari, Eriophyidae) subspecies in the urban environment. Journal of Forest Science 52(12): 547- • Phyllocoptes coryli on Corylus avellana. – 555. Rare. Buhr H. (1965) – Bestimmungstabellen der Gallen (Zoo- • Phyllocoptes goniothorax on Crataegus mo und Phyto-Cecidien) an Pflanzen Mittel- und Nord-Euro- nogyna. – Rare. pas II. Jena, V.E.B. Gustav Fischer Verlag. • Phytoptus avellanae on Corylus avellana. – Docters van Leeuwen, W.M. (2009) – Gallenboek: over- Uncommon. zicht van door dieren en planten veroorzaakte Nederlandse • Vasates quadripedes on Acer saccharinum. – gallen. Zeist, KNNV. Abundant on two trees, but completely absent Ettis W.N. & Ulenberg S.A. (2005) – Vasates quadri from two other accessions. pedes, a gall mite (not so very) new to The Netherlands. Entomologische berichten 65(2): 52-55. Aphids (Aphididae) Fraiture A. & Vanderweyen A. (2011) – Gymnosporan- • Adelges abietis on Picea abies. – Common. gium sabinae: such a beautiful disease… Scripta Bot. Belg. • Cryptomyzus korscheltii on Ribes alpinum – 47: 193-194. Uncommon. Grimm G. W., Renner S.S., Stamatakis A. & Hemleben • Pemphigus spyrothecae on Populus nigra V. (2006) – A Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Phylogeny of Acer and Populus laurifolia. – Common. Inferred with Maximum Likelihood, Splits Graphs, and Motif Analysis of 606 Sequences. Evol Bioinform On Psyllids (Psylloidea) line.2: 7-22. • Spanioneura buxi on Buxus sempervirens. – Groom Q.J. (2010) – Host Specificity of Insects that Gall Uncommon. the Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.). Cecidology, • Trioza albiventris on Salix alba. – Uncom 25(1): 13-18. mon. Lambinon J. (2009) – Aide-mémoire de cécidologie: choix zoocécidies de la Belgique. S.l., Cercles des Natu Fungi (Uredinales) ralistes de Belgique. • Claviceps purpurea on Glyceria fluitans. – Ostojá-Starzewski J.C. & Coombes A.J. (2008) – Aceria Rare. Pterocaryae (Acari: Eriophyidae), A New Addition to the British Mite Fauna. Cecidology 23(2): 42-45. • Ochropsora ariae on Anemone nemorosa. – Uncommon. Redfern M. & Shirley P. (2002) – British Plant Galls, Identification of galls on plants and fungi. Field Studies • Gymnosporangium sabinae on Pyrus pyras 10: 207-531. ter, P. pashia, P. communis subsp. sativa, Pyrus Ripka G., Fain A., Kazmierski A., Kreiter S. & Ma aff. communis × pyrifolia, × Pyronia veitchii gowski W.Ł. (2002) – Recent data to the knowledge of and Juniperus ×pfitzeriana. – Common. There the arboreal mite fauna in Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata, are also reports in the literature of this species Prostigmata, and Astigmata). Acarologia 42(3): 271-281. on Pyrus calleryana and P. salicifolia (Vander- Soika G. (2006) – Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) weyen & Fraiture 2008, Yun & Rossman 2009, occurring on lime trees in ornamental nurseries. Biological Fraiture & Vanderweyen 2011). Lett. 43(2): 367-373. • Taphrina tosquinetii on Alnus glutinosa. – Vanderweyen A. & Fraiture A. (2008) – Catalogue des ème Uncommon. Uredinales de Belgique, 2 partie, Pucciniaceae (sauf Puccinia) (suite 3). Lejeunia 185:1-31. • Phomopsis sp. – Common. On Forsythia Wurzell B. (2002) – The maple bladder gall of the gall ×intermedia, F. ovata, F. suspensa var. sus mite Vasates quadripedes new to Britain. Cecidology 17: pensa and F. suspensa var. fortunei, but not on 31-35. F. europaea, F. giraldiana and F. viridissima . Yun H.Y. & Rossman A.Y. (2009) – First Report of Gym- • Puccinia caricina on Urtica dioica – Un- nosporangium sabinae, European Pear Rust, on Bradford common. Pear in Michigan. Plant Disease 93(8): 841.
158 Scripta Bot. Belg. 47 (2011)