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Gall Causing Organisms Quentin J Scripta Botanica Belgica 47: 155-158 (2011) . Gall causing organisms Quentin J. Groom National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgium [email protected] Scripta Bot. Belg. 47: I. Hoste (ed.), The spontaneous flora of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium (Domein van Bouchout, Meise) Résumé. – Les organismes cécidogènes du Domaine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique. Les collections vivantes ainsi que la flore spontanée du Jardin botanique offrent de belles perspectives pour l’étude des organismes cécidogènes. Cette contribution donne une liste des espèces observées depuis 2009. Samenvatting. – Galvormende organismen in het Domein van de Nationale Planten­ tuin van België. De levende verzamelingen en de gevarieerde spontane flora van de Plan- ten tuin bieden veel galvormers kansen om zich te ontwikkelen. Deze bijdrage biedt een checklist van de sinds 2009 aangetroffen soorten. Results Introduction A full checklist of the galls found in the Gar- The diverse plant collections of the National den is listed below. Gall forming organisms Botanic Garden of Belgium create an ideal generally show a strong fidelity to one host, place to find a wide range of gall forming or- making it unusual to find galls on non-native ganisms in a small area. Monitoring of plant cultivated plants. Where galls were found on galls provides information on new plant pests alien cultivated plants they were usually on and on their host specificity. In recent years, close relatives of native plants, or on hybrids several new species of gall forming organisms where one parent was the native taxon. Three have spread across Europe in the wake of plant notable exceptions were the mites Vasates introductions and it is likely more will follow. quadripedes on Acer saccharinum; Obolo­ diplosis robiniae on Robinia pseudoacacia; Methods and Aceria pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop­ Galls were searched for in all parts of the Bo- tera. Vasates quadripedes is a North American tanic Garden on wild and cultivated plants dur- mite, which first came to Europe around 1995 ing 2009 and 2010. Gall forming organisms and has since been reported from many Euro- were identified by their galls, rather than by pean countries (Ettis et al. 2005; Ripka et al. identifying the actual organism. The abundance 2002; Wurzell 2002). In Belgium, this repre- of galls was assessed as common, uncommon sents the third or fourth record of this species or rare based on the probability of finding a gall for the country (Prof. Jacques Lambinon, pers. on the host plant. If the host plant is rare in the communication). Aceria pterocaryae is from Garden, but the gall is found on every plant, China, but was reported from the UK, France then the gall would be considered common. As and Belgium in 2008 (Ostojá-Starzewski & there is often only a single example of culti- Coombes 2008). Obolodiplosis robiniae from vated taxa within the Garden for these cases the North America was first found in Europe in abundance is relative to the number of galls on 2002 and in the Netherlands in 2007 (Docters this specimen. van Leeuwen 2009). 155 A detailed analysis of the galls on Quer­ Rosa spp. including all the species listed above cus species, and their host specificity, has been (Biological Records Centre 2009). published separately (Groom 2010). • Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma hed­ eracea – Rare. (Fig. 1) A Checklist of Galls in the Botanic Garden Gall Wasps (Cynipidae) • Andricus callidoma (♀♀) on Quercus ro bur. – Rare. • Andricus fecundator (♀♀) on Quercus ro­ bur. – Uncommon. • Andricus grossulariae (♂♀) on Quercus ×his panica and Quercus cerris. – Common. • Andricus grossulariae (♀♀) – Rare on Quer­ cus robur. – Only one gall ever found. • Andricus kollari (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus lignicolus (♀♀) on Quercus ro bur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus quercuscalicis (♀♀) on Quercus Figure 1. Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma robur. – Common. Another alien species that hederacea. relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cy- cle. • Neuroterus albipes (♀♀) on Quercus robur. • Andricus quercusradicis or A. testaceipes – Common. (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. The galls of • Neuroterus anthracinus (♀♀) on Quercus these species are indistinguishable from each robur. – Common. other. • Neuroterus numismalis (♀♀) on Quercus • Andricus solitarius (♀♀) on Quer cus robur. robur. – Common. – Rare. • Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (♀♀) on Quer­ • Biorhiza pallida (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – cus robur. – Common. Uncommon. • Pediaspis aceri on Acer heldreichii, A. hyr­ • Callirhytis erythrocephala (♀♀) on Quer cus canum, A. monspessulanum, A. opalus subsp. cerris acorns. – Common. obtusatum, A. pseudoplatanus and A. veluti­ • Cynips longiventris (♀♀) on Quercus ro bur. num. – Common. All species galled by this – Uncommon. gall wasp are closely related European and • Cynips quercusfolii (♀♀) on Quercus ro bur. Middle-eastern species, belonging to the Acer – Uncommon. core clade (Grimm et al. 2006). Taxa ungalled • Cynips divisa (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – by Pediaspis aceri in the Garden were Acer Rare. buergerianum, A. cappadocicum, A. davidii, • Diastrophus rubi on Rubus fruticosus – Un- A. forrestii, A. ginnala, A. griseum, A. henryi, common A. japonicum, A. laxiflorum, A. macro phyl lum, • Diplolepis rosea on Rosa agrestis, R. mi­ A. negundo, A. oliverianum, A. palmatum, A. cran tha, R. rubiginosa & R. villosa. – There palmatum subsp. amoenum, A. pensyl va nium, is rarely more than one gall on a bush; other A. pictum subsp. mono, A. rubescens, A. ru­ rose species may be susceptible but the abun- brum, A. saccharinum, A. saccharm, A. shi­ dance of Diplolepis rosea is low. This gall has rasawanum, A. tatarium, A. tetramerum, A. pre viously been reported on a wide variety of triflorum and A. ×freemanii. 156 Scripta Bot. Belg. 47 (2011) Gall Midges (Cecidomyiidae) • Acalitus calycophthirus on Betula pubes­ • Contarinia tiliarum on Tilia ×europea. – cens. – Uncommon. Rare. • Acalitus stenaspis on Fagus sylvatica. – • Dasineura crataegi on Crataegus mono­ Rare. gyna. – Rare. • Aceria aceriscampestris on Acer campestre. • Dasineura symphyti on Symphytum offici­ – Rare. nale. – Common. • Aceria cephaloneus or A. macrorhynchus on • Dasineura tiliae on Tilia cordata ×mongo lia. Acer pseudoplantanus. – Rare. – Uncommon. • Aceria erineus on Juglans regia. – Uncom - • Dasineura ulmaria on Filipendula ulmaria. mon. • Aceria fagineus on Fagus sylvatica. – Un- – Common. common. • Dasineura urticae on Urtica dioica. – Rare. • Aceria fraxinivorus on Fraxinus excelsior. – • Hartigiola annulipes on Fagus sylvatica. – Uncommon. Uncommon. • Aceria pseudoplatani on Acer pseudoplata­ • Iteomyia capreae on Salix caprea. – Un- nus. – Common. common. • Aceria pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop­ • Iteomyia major on Salix cinerea. – Uncom- tera and to a lesser extent on Pterocarya ×reh­ mon. deriana. – Common, but not on Ptero carya • Jaapiella veronicae on Veronica cha mae­ fraxinifolia or P. rhoifolia. First found in the drys. – Common. Garden by Jan De Langhe in June 2006. • Macrodiplosis dryobia on Q. robur. – Com- • Aceria ulmicola on Ulmus laevis. – Uncom- mon. mon. • Monarthropalpus flavus on Buxus semper­ • Aculus fraxini on Fraxinus excelsior – Rare virens, B. microphylla & B. wallichiana. – • Cecidophyopsis atrichus on Stellaria grami­ Common. nea. – Common. • Mikiola fagi on Fagus sylvatica. – Common. • Cecidophyopsis psilaspis on Taxus baccata. • Obolodiplosis robiniae on Robinia pseu­ – Uncommon. doacacia – Uncommon. First found in western • Eriophyes convolvens on Euonymus euro­ Europe in 2007. paeus. – Common. • Wachtliella persicariae on Persicaria hy dro­ • Eriophyes inangulis on Alnus glutinosa. – piper. – Uncommon. Uncommon. • Zygiobia carpini on Carpinus betulus. – Un- • Eriophyes laevis on Alnus glutinosa. – Un- common. common. Sawflies (Tenthredinidae) • Eriophyes platanoideus on Acer platenoides . – Rare. • Blennocampa phyllocolpa on a Rosa sp. – • Eriophyes tiliae on Tilia ×euchlora, T. pla­ Rare. typhyllos and T. tomentosa. – Common. Other • Pontania proxima on Salix nigra. – Un com- hosts reported in the literature are T. dasystyla mon. Normally found on S. alba and other subsp. caucasica, T. cordata and T. ameri ca­ closely related native species. na (Buchta et al. 2006, Soika 2006). Howev- • Pontania tuberculata on Salix caprea. – Un- er, these species were not galled by E. tiliae common. in the Garden. Eriophyes on T. tomentosa are Anthomyiid Flies (Anthomyiidae) sometimes described as either E. tiliae tomen­ • Chirosia betuleti on Dryopteris filix­mas. – tosae or E. tomentosae (Buhr 1965, Lambinon Rare. 2009). However, it is not known if the galls on T. tomentosa in the Botanic Garden are caused Gall Mites (Eriophyidae) by the same species as on T. platyphyllos or a • Acalitus brevitarsus on Alnus glutinosa. – different one. This question remains for future Uncommon. investigation. Q. Groom, Gall causing organisms 157 • Eriophyes leiosoma and/or Phytoptus ab nor­ References mis on T. americana, T. ×euchlora (T. dasystyla Biological Records Centre (2009) – Database of Insects × cordata), T. cordata × mongolia, T. tomen­ and their Food Plants. [http://www.brc.ac.uk/DBIF/home tosa and T. platyphyllos. – Common. Eriophyes page.aspx; accessed 14 October 2009.] leiosoma and Phytoptus abnormis cannot be Buchta I., Kula E. & Kresťanpolová
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