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Phase I Archaeological Survey Along PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR By: J. David McBride, MA, RPA IMPROVEMENTS TO THE Ann Wilkinson KY 2498 ALIGNMENT, Submitted by: CDM Smith MORGAN COUNTY, 2525 Harrodsburg Road, Suite 200 KENTUCKY Lexington, Kentucky 40504 Prepared for: (KYTC ITEM # 10-8804.00) Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. 200 Mero Street Frankfort, Kentucky 40622 Kentucky Office of State Archaeology Project Number: FY17-8972 Phase I Archaeological Survey for Improvements to the KY 2498 Alignment, Morgan County, Kentucky (KYTC Item # 10-8804.00) Authored by: J. David McBride Ann Wilkinson Submitted by: CDM Smith 2525 Harrodsburg Road, Suite 200 Lexington, Kentucky 40504 Prepared for Client: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet 200 Mero Street Frankfort, Kentucky 40622 Phone: (502) 564-4890 ________________________________________ J. David McBride, MA, RPA, GISP Principal Investigator: CDM Smith Contact: (859) 254-5759 or [email protected] Lead Federal Agency: Federal Highways Administration Kentucky Office of State Archaeology Archaeological Project Number: FY17-8972 Archaeology Report November 2016 PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER Abstract At the request of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC), archaeologists from CDM Smith conducted a Phase I archaeological survey for the proposed reconstruction areas along KY 2498 between US 460 intersection and the ARH Hospital in the town of West Liberty within Morgan County, Kentucky (Item Number 10-8804). The area of potential effect (APE) consisted of 20 acres (8.1 ha). The APE was visited by a CDM Smith archaeology crew on October 3rd, 4th, and November 2nd, 2016. The archaeological survey involved systematic shovel probe excavation, bucket auguring, and visual inspection within the project’s entire Area of Potential Effect. In all, one previously unrecorded archaeological site- 15Mo178- was identified within the project bounds. The portion of this historic twentieth century rural residential site that lay within the APE lacked integrity and research potential and was not deemed potentially eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historical Places under Criterion D, and no further work is recommended. i Table of Contents.docx Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures........................................................................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................ vi Section 1 - Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Project Sponsor and Regulatory Authority ................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Purpose and Scope of Work ............................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Project Location and Description .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.4 Area of Potential Effect (APE) ........................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.5 OSA Records Research ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.6 Principal Investigator ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.7 Field and Laboratory Crew ................................................................................................................................................ 1-5 1.7.1 Field Effort .................................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.7.2 Laboratory Effort ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.8 Maps and Figures ................................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.9 Curation ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.10 Summary of Investigations.............................................................................................................................................. 1-5 Section 2 - Environmental ............................................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Physiography and Topography ........................................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Geology ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Hydrology .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4 2.4 Soils 2-6 2.5 Cherts ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-9 2.6 Prehistoric Climate Conditions ........................................................................................................................................ 2-9 2.7 Current Climate Conditions ............................................................................................................................................ 2-10 2.8 Prehistoric and Present Flora and Fauna ................................................................................................................. 2-10 2.9 Current Land Use ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-11 Section 3 – Cultural Context, Previous Investigation, and Summary of Known Sites ............................. 3-1 3.1 Prehistoric Period .................................................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Paleoindian Period .................................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Archaic Period ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-5 3.1.3 Woodland Period ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-9 3.1.4 Late Prehistoric Period ........................................................................................................................................ 3-15 3.2 Historic Period ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3-17 3.2.1 Exploration and Early Settlement (ca. 17th Century-1820) ................................................................ 3-17 3.2.2 Antebellum (1820-1861) .................................................................................................................................... 3-18 3.2.3 Civil War (1861-1865) ......................................................................................................................................... 3-19 3.2.4 Postbellum Industrialization (1865-1914) ................................................................................................. 3-22 3.2.5 Twentieth Century ................................................................................................................................................. 3-22 3.3 Historic Map and Aerial Photography Research ................................................................................................... 3-24 3.4 Previous Archaeological Research............................................................................................................................... 3-25 3.5 Known Archaeological Sites ..........................................................................................................................................
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