AIR Discussions(January 4Th Week)
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AIR Discussions(January 4th week) 22nd January. IMF outlook on Indian Economy World Economy Outlook update- India would remain the fastest growing major economies of the world. India is projected to grow at 7.5 per cent in 2019 and 7.7 per cent in 2020. India grew at 6.7% in 2017 and in 2018 it is 7.3%. India‘s economy is poised to pick up in 2019, benefiting from lower oil prices and a slower pace of monetary tightening. The FY20 forecast has been raised by 0.1percentage point from the projected outlook in October 2018. India‘s Central Statistics Office expects gross domestic product to grow 7.2% in FY19, up from 6.7% last year, while the Reserve Bank of India has pegged it at 7.4%. China‘s estimated growth is 6.2 per cent in these two years. China grew at 6.9 per cent in 2017 and had a growth rate of 6.6 per cent in 2018. Despite fiscal stimulus that offsets some of the impact of higher US tariffs, China‘s economy will slow down due to the combined influence of needed financial regulatory tightening and trade tensions with the US. Growth in emerging and developing Asia will dip from 6.5 per cent in 2018 to 6.3 per cent in 2019 and 6.4 per cent in 2020. The global economy is projected to grow 3.5% in 2019 and 3.6% in 2020, 0.2 and 0.1 percentage points below last October‘s projections. Global growth for 2018 is estimated at 3.7%, as in the October World Economic Outlook, despite weaker performance in some economies, notably Europe and Asia. Higher trade uncertainty will further dampen investment and disrupt global supply chains. IMF- ―A more serious tightening of financial conditions is particularly costly, given the high levels of private and public sector debt in countries… Given this backdrop, policy makers need to act now to reverse headwinds to growth and prepare for the next downturn.‖ PwC‘s Global Economy Watch said that India is likely to surpass theUnited Kingdom in the world‘s largest economy rankings in 2019. 23rd January. 122nd Birth Anniversary of Netaji Subhas PM Modi paid floral tributes and inaugurated the Subhas Chandra Bose museum at Red Fort to mark his 122nd birth anniversary. PM- ―He was a stalwart who committed himself towards ensuring India is free and leads a life of dignity. He also added that History echoes from these walls. In this very building, brave sons of India, Colonel Prem Sahgal, Colonel Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon and Major General Shah Nawaz Khan were put on trial by the colonial rulers.‖ Museum has the photographs depicting a detailed account of Subhas Chandra Bose and the history of Indian National Army. It also has some of the artefacts associated with Netaji and INA such as wooden chair and sword used by Netaji, medals, badges and uniforms of INA. The photographs, paintings and newspaper clippings depicting the authentic account of Jallianwala Bagh massacre are showcased in the Yaad-e-Jallian Museum. The museum intends to take visitors through the history of Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 and sacrifices made by Indian soldiers during World War-1. Museum on 1857- India‘s first war of Independence portrays the historical narrative of 1857 war of independence, showcasing the valour and sacrifices made by Indians during the period. Drishyakala- Museum organized exhibition depicting works of Gurudev and works of eminent Indian artists like Raja Ravi Varma, Gurudev Tagore, Amrita Sher-Gil, Abanindranath Tagore, Nandlal Bose, Gaganendranath Tagore, Sailoz Mookherjea amd Jamini Roy. All four museums have been named as Kranti Mandir. © APTI PLUS ACADEMY FOR CIVIL SERVICES Subhas Chandra Bose: Born in Cuttack and educated in Calcutta and acquired a degree in philosophy. Selected for the Indian Civil Services but refused to take up service since he did not want to serve the British government. Bose joined the Indian National Congress in 1921. He also started a newspaper called ‗Swaraj‘. He was the President of the All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of the Bengal State Congress. In 1924, he became the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation. In 1930, he became the Mayor of Calcutta. Bose authored the book ‗The Indian Struggle‘ which covers the Indian independence movement from 1920 to 1942. The book was banned by the British government. He coined the term ‗Jai Hind‘. Bose was sent to prison in Mandalay for nationalist activities in 1925. He was released in 1927 and became the INC‘s general secretary. He worked with Jawaharlal Nehru and the two became the Congress Party‘s young leaders gaining popularity among the people. He advocated complete Swaraj and was in favour of the use of force to gain it. Bose stood for and was elected the party‘s president in 1939 but was forced to resign due to differences with Gandhi‘s supporters. Bose‘s ideology tilted towards socialism and leftist authoritarianism. He formed the All India Forward Bloc in 1939 as a faction within the Congress. At the start of the Second World War, Bose protested against the government for not consulting Indians before dragging them into the war. He was arrested when he organised protests in Calcutta for the removal of the monument memorialising the Black Hole of Calcutta. He was released after a few days but was kept under surveillance. He then made his escape from the country in 1941 to Germany via Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. In Germany, he met with the Nazi leaders and hoped to stage an armed struggle against theBritish to gain independence. He hoped to befriend the Axis powers since they were against his‗enemy‘ the British. He founded the Indian Legion out of about 4500 Indian soldiers who were in the British armyand had been taken prisoners by the Germans from North Africa. In 1943, he left Germany for Japan disillusioned with German support for Azad Hind.Bose‘s arrival in Japan revived the Indian National Army which had beenformed earlier with Japanese help. Azad Hind/Provisional Government of Free India was established as a government-in-exilewith Bose as the head. Its headquarters was in Singapore. The INA was its military. His famous quote is, ―Give me blood, and Ishall give you freedom!‖ The INA supported the Japanese army in its invasion of northeast India and also took controlof the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. However, they were forced to retreat by the British forces. Bose died in a plane crash in Taiwan on 18 August1945.Many enquiry committees were tasked with finding out what happened.The Figgess Report (1946), Shah Nawaz Committee (1956), Khosla Commission (1970) concurred with the previous reports.But the Mukherjee Commission (2005) said that Bose‘s death could not be proved. 24thJanuary. Empowerment of Girl child The National Girl Child Day is celebrated in India every year on January 24.First initiated in 2008 by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the National GirlChild Day aims to promote awareness on a range of issues including education, health, andnutrition. The theme of NationalGirl Child Day-2019 is―Empowering Girls for aBrighter Tomorrow‖. The International Dayof the Girl Child isobserved every yearacross world onOctober 11 torecognize girls‘ rightsand uniquechallenges faced bygirls around theworld. Objectives of NGCD-To increase awareness among the people and ensure every girl gets equal importance as their counterparts, To increase awareness against the social stigma and discrimination faced by girl, To generate awareness on the issue of declining Child Sex Ratio and create a positiveenvironment around valuing the girl child. Census 2011- Only 65.46 % of the females found to be literate as against 82.14% of males, as per the2011 census. The survey also revealed that gender discrimination was still prevalent in thesociety.CSR - Number of girls per 1000 boys in the age group of 0-6 years. It declined sharply from 976 in 1961 to 918 in Census 2011. NITI Aayog’s health index report “Healthy States, Progressive India”- 17 out of the 21 states recorded saw a dip in the sex ratio at birth — painting a grim picture of gender justice the country.Only three states saw an improvement — with Punjab having the most improved sex ratio at birth, from 870 to 889.Uttar Pradesh saw an increase of 10 points, from 869 to 879, while Bihar saw an improvement of 9 points, from 907 to 916. Kerala continues to have the highest SRB, even though it saw a fall of 7 points, from 974 to 967, followed by Chhattisgarh that sawa decline of 12 points from 973 to 961. © APTI PLUS ACADEMY FOR CIVIL SERVICES Schemes, acts and measures- Prohibition of Child Marriage Restraint Act 2006, Pre- Conception &Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (PC&PNDT) Act 1994, Domestic Violence Act 2009, POCSO Act 2012. Child marriages have been restricted. 'Save the Girl Child' has been introduced by the government. Introduction of Self-Help groups to ensure a better livelihood for girls in rural areas. Poshan Abhiyan: strive to reduce the level of stunting, under-nutrition, anemia and low birth weight babies. Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana: Pan-India Expansion of Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana. The Scheme provides cash incentives to pregnant and lactating women. Integrated Child Development Scheme: To prevent and reduce young child under-nutrition (% underweight children 0-3 years) by 10 percentage points, enhance early development and learning outcomes in all children 0-6 years of age, improve care and nutrition of girls and women and reduce Anaemia prevalence in young children, girls and women by one fifth by the end of 12th five year plan.