TIFTY-SECOND

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

f o r

FOREIGN MISSIONS,

PRESENTED AT THE

MEETING HELD AT SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

OCTOBER 7 — 10, 1862.

BOSTON:

PRESS OF T. R. MARVIN & SON, 42 CONGRESS STREET.

MINUTES OF TEE ANNUAL MEETING.

The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign

M is s io n s held its Annual Meeting at Springfield, Massachusetts, in the City Hall, commencing Tuesday, October 7, at 4 o’clock,

P. M ., and closing Friday, October 10, at 11 o’clock, A. M.

CORPORATE MEMBERS PRESENT.

Maine. Henry B. Hooker, D. D. William T. Dwight, D. D. Hon. Linus Child. John W . Chickering, D. D. Samuel M. Worcester, D. D. Andrew W. Porter, Esq. George E. Adams, D. D. Hon. Samuel H. Walley. William W. Thomas, Esq. Augustus C. Thompson, D. D. New Hampshire. Hon. William T. Eustis. Zedekiah S. Barstow, D. D. Hon. John Aiken. John K. Young, D. D. John Todd, D. D. Nathaniel Bouton, D. D. Seth Sweetser, D. D. James M. Gordon, Esq. Hon. William Haile. Hon. Alpheus Hardy. Vermont. Hon. Reuben A. Chapman. Silas Aiken, D .D . William S. Southworth, Esq. Willard Child, D. D. Rhode Island. Benjamin Labaree, D. D. Rev. Joseph Steele. Thomas Shepard, D. D. Lewis H. Delano, Esq. John Kingsbury, LL. D.

Massachusetts. Connecticut, John Tappan, Esq. Joel Hawes, D. D. Henry Hill, Esq. Mark Tucker, D. D. Rufus Anderson, D. D. Hon. Seth Terry. Rev. David Greene. Alvan Bond, D. D. Charles Stoddard, Esq. Leonard Bacon, D. D. Rev. Sylvester Holmes. Joel H. Linsley, D. D. Aaron Warner, D. D. Rev. David L. Ogden. Mark Hopkins, D. D., LL. D. Gen. William Williams. Horatio Bardwell, D. D. Samuel W . S. Dutton, D. D. Ebenezer Alden, M. D. George Kellogg, Esq. Richard S. Storrs, D. D. Hon. William A. Buckingham. Hon. Samuel Williston. Lucius Barbour, Esq. Rev. Selah B. Treat. Elisha L. Cleaveland, D. D. 4 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

New York. James W. McLane, D. D. Reuben H. Walworth, LL. D. William A. Booth, Esq. Hon. Charles W . Rockwell. Simeon B. Chittenden, Esq. Charles Mills, Esq. William Adams, D. D. New Jersey. Ansel D. Eddy, D. D. David H. Riddle, D. D. William Patton, D. D. Benjamin C. Taylor, D. D. Calvin T. Hulburd, Esq. Thornton A. Mills, D. D. Simeon Benjamin, Esq. Lyndon A. Smith, M. D. Walter S. Griffith, Esq. Henry Smith, D. D. Pennsylvania. George W. Wood, D. D. Rev. Albert Barnes. Asa D. Smith, D. D. Samuel H. Perkins, Esq. Oliver E. Wood, Esq. James W . Weir, Esq. Montgomery S. Goodale, D. D. Walter Clarke, D. D. Ohio. Ray Palmer, D. D. T. P. Handy, Esq. Philemon H. Fowler, D. D. Jacob M. Schermerhorn, Esq. Illinois. William E. Dodge, Esq. William H. Brown, Esq.

HONORARY MEMBERS PRESENT.

Maine. Rev. Prescott Fay, Lancaster. Rev. G. Lyman, Marlborough. Rev. Edward W. Gilman, Bangor. Rev. Edwin Johnson, do. Rev. Daniel Goodwin, Mason. Rev. Joseph Bartlett, Buxton. Rev. Edwin J. Hart, Merrimac. Rev. G. W . Cressey, do. Rev. Edward C. Miles, Stratham. Rev. N. Barbour, Sullivan. Rev. John 0. Fiske, Bath. Rev. S. H. Keeler, Calais. C. P. Locke, do. Rev. J. M. Stow, Walpole, Rev. A. E. Ives, Castine. j Rev. J. P. Humphrey, Winchester. Rev. John C. Adams, Falmouth. Rev. S. H. Riddel, Tamworth. Rev. Calvin Chapman, Foxcroft. Rev. W . Warren, Gorham. Rev. F. E. Fellows, Kennebunk. Vermont. Rev. Francis Norwood, Phipsburg. Rev. T. Henry Johnson, Bethel. Rev. A. C. Dennison, Portland. John Howe, Jr., Brandon. Rev. David Perry, Brookfield. New Hampshire. Rev. B. F. Foster, Dummerston. Rev. J. G. Hale, East Pawlet. Rev. William Clark, Amherst. Rev. John Bowers, East St. Johnsbury. Rev. Josiah E. Davis, do. Rev. Walter Barton, Grafton. Rev. H. O. Howland, Chester. Rev. R. S. Cushman, Manchester. Nathan K. Abbott, Concord. Rev. James T. Hyde, Middlebury. Francis N. Fisk, do. Freeman Keyes, Newbury. Rev. Alvan Tobey, Durham. Rev. Austin Hazen, Norwich. Rev. Roger M. Sargent, Farmington. Rev. Azariah Hyde, Pawlet. Rev. A. W. Fiske, Fisherville. Rev. T. M. Dwight, Putney. Rev. William L. Gaylord, Fitzwilliam. C. B. Drake, D. D., Royalton. Rev. Charles Cutter, Francestown. Rev. Lewis Grout, Saxton’s River. Rev. William T. Savage, Franklin. Rev. George B. Tolman, Sheldon. Rev. S. P. Leeds, Hanover. Rev. J. W . Chickering, Jr., Springfield. Rev. J. M. R. Eaton, Henniker. Rev. Charles Scott, Troy. Rev. P. B. Day, Hollis. Rev. M. P. Parmelee, Underhill. Rev. E. W . Cook, Hopkinton. Rev. C. C. Parker, Waterbury. 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 5

Rev. Moses Kimball, Weathersfield. Joseph Clapp, Dorchester. Rev. Alfred Stevens, Westminster. Rev. H. Pratt, Dudley. Rev. Stephen Harris, Windham. Rev. Hervey Smith, Easthampton. Rev. E. H. Byington, Windsor. Rev. A. M. Colton, do. Jason Steele, do. Rev. A. D. Stowell, East Granville. Rev. N. Bishop, do. E. Russell, D. D., East Randolph. Rev. Joseph Chandler, West Brattleboro’ . | Henry Fobes, Enfield. Rev. William Clark, do. Leonard Woods, do. Rev. H. Wellington, West Hartford. | Rufus D. Woods, do. Rev. J. P. Stone, West Randolph. | Rev. J. M. Bacon, Essex, j Edward Buffington, Fall River. Richard Borden, do. Massachusetts. Morton Eddy, do. Rev. William M. Birchard, Agawam. J. A. Crane, do. Rev. Ralph Perry, do. Rev. John C. Paine, Gardner. Rev. David Eastman, Amherst. Rev. S. M. Plimpton, Globe Village. Rev. J. H. M. Leland, do. Rev. William Miller, Grafton. Rev. J. Q. A . Edgell, Andover. Francis Whiting, Great Barrington. Rev. Willard Brigham, Ashfield. Rev. H. Winslow, do. S. Knowlton, Auburn. Rev. D. Butler, Groton. Rev. I. R. Worcester, Auburndale. Rev. John Dodge, Harvard. Charles Scudder, Boston. Rev. Martyn Tupper, Hardwick. Thomas Thwing, do. Eleazar Porter, Hadley. Daniel T. Coit, M. D., do. Rev. Rowland Ayres, do. Charles Pitkin, do. Rev. R. H. Seeley, Haverhill. Peter Hobart, Jr., do. Rev. Henry Seymour, Hawley, Edward B. Huntington, do. j Rev. C. Brewster, Haydenville. William Brown, do. William P. Paine, D. D., Holden. Rev. L. B. Rockwood, do. Rev. J. T. Tucker, Holliston. Rev. J. P. Bixby, do. Rev. Cyrus W . Allen, Hubbardston. Rev. Daniel Tenney, do. Rev. T. Walker, Huntington. Rev. H. M. Dexter, do. N. P. Lamson, Jamaica Plain. Rev. I. P. Warren, do. Rev. George Ford, Lancaster. Rev. T. N. Haskell, do. Rev. Marcus Ames, do. Rev. Henry Blake, Belchertown. N. Gale, D. D., Lee. Rev. W . A. Houghton, Berlin. Charles A. Denny, Leicester. Rev. C. J. Hinsdale, Blandford. Rev. H. J. Richardson, Lincoln. Rev. Charles M. Hyde, Brimfield. David Booth, Longmeadow. Alured Homer, do. Rev. David M. Bean, Lowell. Owen C. Howe, Brookfield. James Buncher, do. Rev. J. Pomeroy, Charlemont. Rev. J. E. Rankin, do. Rev. A. P. Johnson, do. Rev. William A. Mandell, Lunenburg. Rev. Isaac P. Langworthy, Chelsea. Rev. D. Sanford, Medway. C. A. Richardson, do. Nathaniel Eddy, Middleboro’. Francis Warriner, Chester. Rev. E. Y . Garrette, Millbury. Rev. E. B. Clark, Chicopee. Rev. Frederick Alvord, Monson. Rev. L. H. Cone, do. Rev. Eli Moody, Montague. Rev. Roswell Foster, do. Falls. Rev. Daniel W ight, Jr., Natick. George S. Taylor, do. Rev. T. Stowe, New Bedford. Rev. Frederick A. Reed, Cohasset. T. R. Dennison, do. Asa Howland, Conway. Cornelius Davenport, do. Rev.-Gr. M. Adams, do. Rev. John H. Gurney, New Braintree. Rev. J. J. Dana, Cummington. Rev. R. T. Searle, New Marlboro’. R ev. E. L. Clark, Dalton. S. J. Spaulding, D. D., Newburyport. R . Crawford, D .D ., Deerfield. Rev. M. B. Angier, do. Rev. T. T. Munger, Dorchester. Daniel Pingry, do. * 6 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

Rev. J. W . Wellman, Newton Corner. Rev. E. G. Thurber, Walpole. J. N. Bacon, do. Rev. Dorus Clarke, Waltham. Zachary Eddy, D. D., Northampton. Rev. A. E. Perkins, Ware. Rev. S. Hine, Northbridge. Lewis Demmond, do. L. H. Cook, North Andover. John Bowdoin, do. Rev. W. C. Foster, North Becket. Benjamin Eaton, do. David Howard, North Bridgewater. Joseph Hartwell, do. Rev. Christopher Cushing, N. Brookfield. William Hyde, do. Rev. W. H. Beaman, North Hadley. John Tolman, do. Rev. S. L. Rockwood, North Weymouth. Orrin Sage, do. Rev. Francis N. Peloubet, Oakham. Otis Lane, do. J. Vaill, D. D., Palmer. Rev. S. S. Smith, Warren. Rev. Samuel W . Barnum, Phillipston. Rev. Roger C. Hatch, Warwick. Calvin Martin, Pittsfield. Rev. E. H. Blanchard, do. W . Robinson, do. Rev. J. H. Dodge, Wendell. W . P. Warriner, do. E. Davis, D.D., Westfield. Rev. Solomon Clark, Plainfield. I. H. Stowe, do. Rev. W. W. Woodworth, Plymouth. Rev. E. R. Hodgman, Westford. T. Gordon, M. D., do. John S. Cobb, Weymouth. Rev. E. P. Thwing, Quincy. James H. Fitts, West Boylston. Rev. W. Barrows, Reading. Rev. D. Foster, W est Newbury. Rev. David Bremner, Rockport. Rev. J. H. Patrick, West Newton. Rev. John Pike, Rowley. Rev. I. N. Tarbox, do. Rev. Edwin Seabury, Roxbury. E. B. Foster, D. D., West Springfield. Rev. Alexander J. Sessions, Salem. Rev. M. Harrington, do. Rev. Levi Brigham, Saugus Center. Horace Smith, do. Rev. J. H. Pettingell, Saxonville. Edward Southworth, do. Rev. W. F. Loomis, Shelburne Falls. Rev. Lewis F. Clark, Whitinsville. Rev. A. J. Clapp, Shutesbury. Rev. J. P. Skeele, Wilbraham. Rev. D. T. Packard, Somerville. William R. Hill, Wilkinsonville. Rev. Thomas H. Rood, Southwick. Rev. E. Y . Swift, Williamsburg. Rev. S. G. Buckingham, Springfield. Rev. A. Ballard, Williamstown. Samuel Osgood, D. D., do. Rev. John S. Whitman, do. W . B. Calhoun, do. Alfred 0. Treat, Williams College. George Merriam, do. Charles R . Treat, do. Charles Merriam, do. Rev. A . P. Marvin, Winchendon. Homer Merriam, do. E. H. Sanford, Worcester. Rev. H. M. Parsons, do. Seth Caldwell, do. Rev. N. H. Eggleston, Stockbridge. Rev. J. H. Bisbee, Worthington. Rev. A. H. Dashiell, Jr., do. Ransom Dickereon, Sunderland. Rhode Island. N. G. Trow, do. Rev. Francis Horton, Barrington. Elihu Smith, do. Rev. 0 . F. Otis, Chepachet. Rev. George Lyman, Sutton. Anson Holman, Forestdale. Rev. H. L. Edwards, South Abington. Rev. Lyman Whiting, Providence. Rev. D. A. Strong, South Deerfield. Rev. E. A. Buck, Slatersville. Rev. Richard Knight, South Hadley. Rev. John Churchill, Woodbury. Rev. Hiram Mead, do. Moses Montague, do. F. Vinton, do. Connecticut. Rev. S. Clark, South Natick. Rev. A. L. Frisbie, Ansonia. Rev. S. H. Hayes, South Weymouth. Rev. John E. Elliott, Barkhamstead. L. Sabin, D. D., Templeton. Rev. E. W . Robinson, Bethany. Rev. J. W . Tuck, Thorndike. George W . Shelton, Birmingham. Rev. E. W . Noble, Truro. Rev. Israel Hills, Bolton. William Q. Capron, Uxbridge. Rev. N. S;. Hunt, Bozr&h. 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 7

Rev. J. G. Miller, Branford. j Rev. Hubbard Beebe, New Haven. It. B. Lacey, Bridgeport. Rev. Chauncey Goodrich, do. Rev. L. Griggs, Bristol. ! Rev. Hiram Bingham, do. Rev. John G. Baird, Center Brook. j David B. Lyman, Jr., do. Rev. Francis Williams, Chaplin. | Charles A. Judson, do. Rev. Charles Little, Cheshire. | Rev. N. Coe, do. Rev. E. J. Doolittle, Chester. j Thomas P. Field, D. D., New London. Rev. Archibald Geikie, Colebrook. | Henry P. Haven, do. Rev. L. Curtis, Colchester. Rev. Joseph Hurlbut, do. Rev. Frederick D. Avery, Columbia. Rev. William H. Moore, Newtown. George A. Calhoun, D. D., Coventry. Rev. C. S. Sherman, Naugatuck. Rev. S. G. Coe, Danbury. Rev. Erastus Colton, Northfield. Rev. W m. W . Davenport, Danielsonville. Rev. Charles Wetherby, North Cornwall. Rev. H. A. Russell, East Hampton. Rev. William E. Bassett, N. Manchester. Philo Bevin, do. Rev. John AVhite, North Woodstock. Rev. Timothy A. Hazen, East Windsor. Rev. S. McCall, Old Saybrook. Rev. F. Munson, do. Rev. Moses Smith, Plainville. Rev. J. E. Tyler, East Windsor Hill. Rev. R. C. Learned, Plymouth. E . A. Lawrence, D. D., do. Rev. J. E. Wheeler, Portland. R . G. Yermilye, D. D., do. J. N. Stickney, Rockville. William Thompson, D. D., do. George Kellogg, Jr., do. Rev. N. H. W ells, East Granby. Rev. C. W . Clapp, do. Rev. Isaac Parsons, East Haddam. Rev. G. M. Smith, Rocky Hill. Rev. Hiram Day, East Hartford. Merrick Knight, Somers. Rev. Charles Hyde, Ellington. Rev. John Smith, Stamford. Rev. Thos. K . Fessenden, do. R . E . Rice, do. Rev. James A . Gallup, Essex. Rev. J. R. Miller, Suffield. Rev. George D. Folsom, Fairhaven. Rev. H. W . Ballantine, do. Rev. Thomas Tallman, Groton. Rev. William Russell, Sherman. Rev. R. P. Stanton, Greenville. Rev. L. H. Barber, Scotland. Rev. William II. Gilbert, Granby. Rev. L. N. Crocker, South Norwalk. Rev. John Horton, Hartford. Rev. A . Marsh, Tolland. Barzillai Hudson, do. Rev. S. P. Marvin, Torrington. George W. Root, do. Rev. Ira Pettibone, Winchester. Horace Bushnell, D.D., do. Rev. Samuel G. Willard, Willimantic. Rev. Charles Bullard, do. Rev. J. Allen, Woodbury. Thomas L. Brown, Hebron. Rev. S. A. Loper, Westbrook. Rev. Henry W. Jones, Hadlyme. Rev. Timothy Atkinson, Westport. Rev. Winthrop H. Phelps, Hitchcockville. Rev. W . W . Andrews, Wethersfield. Rev. J. A. McKinstry, Harwinton. Rev. Myron N. Morris, West Hartford. Rev. T. L. Shipman, Jewett City. Rev. Henry Cooley, West Suffield. Rev. Hiram Bell, Killingworth. Elliott Beardsley, West Winsted. Rev. Evarts Scudder, Kent. Rev. D. S. Brainerd, Lyme. New York. Rev. John Avery, Lebanon. Rev. Timothy Tuttle, Ledyard. Rev. David Dyer, Albany. Rev. Jeremiah Taylor, Middletown. John 0 . Cole, do. Rev. J. L. Dudley, do. Rev. Peter Lockwood, Binghamton. Rev. O. H. White, Meriden. Samuel E. Warner, Brooklyn. Rev. A. J. Pike, Marlboro’. John Marsh, D. D., do. Rev. W . R. Long, Mystic Bridge. R. W. Clark, D. D., do. Rev. L. Perrin, New Britain. Jason Saxton, Buffalo. Rev. L. M. Goodell, do. Rev. J. A. Lansing, Catskill. Rev. Edwin Hall, New Hartford. G. S. Boardman, D. D., Cazenovia. Rev. David Murdock, do. Rev. E. L. Boing, Durham. Rev. F. A. Spencer, do. Rev. John G. Hall, Fort Plain. 8 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOAED. [Report,

M. P. Squier, D. D ., Geneva. Pennsylvania. • Rev. H. N. Dunning, Gloversville. Rev. T. S. Ward, Carbondale. D. C. Mills, do. P. Schaff, D. D., Mercersburgh. A. Judson, do. H. W . Pitkin, Philadelphia. U. M. Place, do. W . R . Gould, Pottstown. Rev. Edward Stratton, Greenport. Rev. A. Pomeroy, Groton. District o f Columbia. Rev. Amasa Freeman, Haverstraw. A. De Witt, Hoosick Falls. Peter Parker, M. D., Washington. Rev. Richard Dunning, Jordan. Rev. A. M. Beveridge, Lansingburgh. Ohio. Rev. A. II. Parmelee, Livonia. George L. Weed, Jr., Cincinnati. Rev. J. R. Herrick, Malone. Rev. William H. Brewster, Cleveland. Rev. S. F. Bacon, Newark Valley. D. A. Shepard, do. Rev. M. L. Berger, New Y ork city. Rev. H. A. Tracy, Glendale. W . H. Bidwell, D. D ., do. Rev. Seth Bliss, do. Illinois. D. B. Coe, D. D., do. Rev. Calvin Clark, Chicago. Rev. 0 . Eastman, do. Harvey Bliss, do. William C. Gilman, do. Samuel Bliss, do. Rev. D. Lancaster, do. C. L. Bartlett, Lake Forest. Joshua Leavitt, D. D., do. A. Merwin, do. Iowa. A. Baxter Merwin, do. Rev. E. Clark, Bellevue. A. Eldredge, North White Creek. Rev. P. 0 . Powers, Oneida Lake. Wisconsin. William Ailing, Rochester. Rev. Dwight W . Marsh, do. Rev. T. Williston, Reedsburgh. Samuel Miller, do. A. B. Lambert, D. D., Salem. Missionaries. Rev. E. Curtis, Sherburne. Rev. Daniel Lindley, Zulu Mission. Rev. Peter Gordon, South Easton. Rev. Lewis Grout, do. Rev. L. S. Hobart, Syracuse. Rev. A. Bushnell, Gaboon Mission. Rev. J. P. Cushman, Troy. Rev. E. J. Pierce, do. Rev. H. Johnson, do. Rev. Jacob Best, do. Rev. Henry Hickok, Vernon. Rev. N. L. Lord, M. D., Ceylon Mission. C. D. Morgan, Watertown. Rev. J. E. Chandler, Madura Mission. Rev. J. P. Fisher, Westfield. Rev. C. F . Muzzey, do. William B. Parmelee, Westernville. Rev. S. B. Munger, Mahratta Mission. Rev. A. Hazen, do. New Jersey. Rev. W. Wood, do. Rev. E. Seymour, Bloomfield. Rev. A. H. Wright, M. D., Nestorian M. Rev. I. N. Sprague, Caldwell. Rev. G. W . Coan, do. J. L. Allen, Dover. Rev. Daniel Bliss, Syria Mission. C. N. Nickels, D. D., Newark. Rev. W. W. Eddy, do. Rev. R. B. Campfield, do. H. J. Van Lennep, D. D., W . Turkey M. Rev. Myron Barrett, Newton. Rev. J. Peabody, do. George Sheldon, D. D., Princeton. Rev. E. E. Bliss, do. Rev. Edward W. French, South Bergen. Rev. L. H. Gulick, M. D., Micronesia M. 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 9

ORGANIZATION. The President of the Board, Dr. Mark Hopkins, took the chair at the appointed hour, and called upon Dr. Tucker, of Connecticut, who led in prayer. The minutes of the last meeting were read, and Rev. J. H. Pettingell was appointed Assistant Recording Secretary. A Committee of Arrangements was appointed, consisting of Rev. S. G. Buckingham, Rev. H. M. Parsons, Dr. George W . Wood, Rev. James P. Fisher, and Rev. Allen Hazen. A Business Committee was also chosen, consisting of Dr. Bacon, John Kingsbury, Esq., Dr. Sabin, William A. Booth, Esq., and Rev. H. A. Tracy.

TREASURER’S REPORT. The Treasurer’s Report, with the certificate of the Auditors, having been read, it was referred to the following committee : — Samuel H. Perkins, Esq., William H. Brown, Esq., L. A. Delano, Esq., O. E. Wood, Esq., and J. N. Stickney, Esq. This com­ mittee subsequently reported as follows :

The committee to whom was referred the Treasurer’s Report, have examined the same, and find it correct. The thorough and minute examination of the expenditures and finances of the Board, made by the committee appointed at the last annual meeting to review the same — and the result of whose labors has been presented in an able report— renders any further or other suggestions by this com­ mittee unnecessary. They cannot, however, but express their cordial approbation of the manner in which the accounts of the Board are kept and its finances managed. The careful supervision of the Pru­ dential Committee, — their monthly comparison of receipts and ex­ penditures,— and annual, personal examination of the investments of the permanent funds, and seeing that they correspond with the trial balance and the books containing the accounts of these funds in detail — secure all the safeguards that can be thrown around any institution.

REPORT OF THE PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE. An abstract of the Annual Report of the Prudential Committee having been read by the Secretaries, the different portions of this Report were, as usual, referred to committees, constituted as fol­ lows : On the Home Department: Dr. William Adams, William E. 10 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

Dodge, Esq., Dr. Schaff, J. M. Schermerhorn, Esq., Rev. A. Tobey, Rev. J. T. Tucker, Rev. J. Taylor. On the Missions to Africa and Greece: Dr. Gale, Dr. Law­ rence, Charles Mills, Esq., L. A. Smith, M. D., Rev. W . A. Houghton, Rev. Edwin Johnson, Rev. E. H. Byington. On the Missions to Western and Central Turkey: Hon. W il­ liam B. Calhoun, Dr. Patton, Dr. Silas Aiken, Rev. David Greene, A. W . Porter, Esq., Rev. W . W . Davenport, Rev. Edward W . Gilman. On the Missions to Eastern Turkey and Syria: Dr. Todd, Dr. Walter Clark, Rev. L. Whiting, S. B. Chittenden, Esq., James W. Weir, Esq., Rev. P. B. Day, John Howe, Jr., Esq. On the Nestorian Mission: Dr. Labaree, Dr. Chickering, Dr. J. K. Young, Dr. S. W. S. Dutton, Dr. M. S. Goodale, Rev. T. Stowe, Rev. S. G. Willard. On the Mahratta Mission : Dr. Dwight, Dr. Bard well, Dr. Yaill, Judge Cole, Rev. William Clark, Dr. Nickels, Rev. F. A. Spencer. On the Tamil Missions: Dr. Hooker, Dr. Fowler, Dr. R. W. Clark, C. T. Hulburd, Esq., Dr. Paine, Rev. W . W . Woodworth, Rev. T. Atkinson. On the Missions to China: Hon. Peter Parker, Gen. Williams, Hon. Seth Terry, W . C. Gilman, Esq., Dr. Lambert, Dr. Russell, Rev. H. N. Dunning. On the Sandwich Islands and Micronesia Missions: Chancellor Walworth, Dr. Linsley, Dr. Squier, Dr. George E. Adams, Rev. G. S. Boardman, Rev. George D. Folsom, Rev. Roswell Foster. On Missions to the American Indians: Dr. McLane, Dr. Leavitt, Dr. Z. Eddy, Dr. Coe, Rev. J. L. Dudley, Rev. E. B. Clark, Rev. Herrick Johnson.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. These committees reported, during the progress of the meeting, severally recommending that the portions of the Report which had been referred to them respectively, be accepted and published. The committee on that portion of the Report relating to the Home Department, submitted the following resolutions, which were adopted after interesting addresses by Dr. Adams, the chair­ man of the committee, William E. Dodge, Esq., and others. 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 11

Resolved, That the thanks of this Board are hereby cordially ten­ dered to the several associations of friends in Great Britain and its dependencies, who have contributed spontaneously no inconsiderable amount in aid of the American missions in Turkey ; that these con­ tributions deserve a peculiar regard, as intended to express the confi­ dence which is felt by intelligent observers in the character of our missionaries in the East, and the wisdom with which they have con­ ducted the delicate and difficult service with which they are intrusted ; and especially as indicative of a magnanimous attachment to that kingdom of the Redeemer, the unity and glory of which are superior to all the casual and extrinsic distinctions of sect, and nation, and country ; and that we hereby express our satisfaction at every sign of a more decided co-operation among all who speak the English tongue, for the extension of the gospel, as our common inheritance, and the only sure presage of liberty, order, good government, and happy civil­ ization throughout the whole earth. Resolved, That the decrease of the number of our missionaries and o f the regular contributions to our treasury; the high rates of ex­ change ; the smiles of Providence upon us during the past year ; and the increased ability of the country, even amidst great public trials, all demand an advance of faith and liberality in the support of the plans to be projected by the Committee for the year to come.

The committee on the missions to Africa and Greece, remark: Faith is strengthened by the assurance that the missionaries at the Gaboon are not discouraged by their peculiar trials, but are patient, persevering, and hopeful; being cheered by an increase in the number of converts to Christ from among the natives, and by the greater efficiency recently given to means used for the suppression of the slave trade in their vicinity. Your committee are gratified to learn, that in the Zulu mission, Sabbath schools are assuming a more prominent place among evangel­ izing agencies, and that Christians seem to have a growing spirit of liberality,— evinced by the erection of houses of worship, the support of schools, and a hopeful beginning in Home Missions. That part of the Report relating to the danger of a secular spirit in the mission churches, and of the desirableness of a native ministry, your committee deem worthy of special attention, and cannot doubt that our faithful laborers in that field will do all in their power to establish spiritual, self-denying, and self-sustaining churches. In regard to the mission in Greece, Dr. King, our venerable laborer, seems to have accomplished all that, under the circumstances, could be reasonably expected. 12 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOAKD. [Report,

The committee on the missions, to Western and Central Turkey- presented the following report : Respecting those portions of the Annual Report submitted to them, relating to missions in Turkey, your committee see nothing calling for special remark. The plan on which those missions are conducted, and the labors of the missionaries, seem to be eminently judicious and efficient ; and the progress made, and the results attained, are highly encouraging. Especially would your committee express their satisfac­ tion in view of the steady progress of Christian piety, and the still wider extension of Protestant sentiments among the people, though not always publicly avowed. Your committee would also express their satisfaction in view of the progress made in organizing native churches under the care of native preachers and pastors, and in the increasing efforts put forth by these churches, and the Protestant communities connected with them, for the support of their own preachers and pastors, and of the schools established for the education of their chil­ dren. And your committee trust that neither the executive officers of the Board, nor the missionaries in the field, will fail to employ all appropriate means to encourage and hasten forward measures which seem to be so indispensable to the general prevalence and firm estab­ lishment of religious and educational institutions among the people embraced in the Turkish Empire. I f the present weakening of the missions, for want of adequate pecuniary means and of additional laborers, shall, in the Avise providence of G od,— who is able to save by many or by few, by means seemingly more or less ample,— he overruled, directly or indirectly, to hasten these results, even these embarrassments, though now occasioning grief and alarm, may con­ tribute most effectually to the consummation of the missionary work in Turkey. Protection to American Missionaries. Your committee have been highly gratified with the response of Mr. Seward, Secretary of State, to a letter from the Prudential Committee, asking the aid of Government in securing the apprehension and pun­ ishment of the murderers of Mr. Coffing and Mr. Meriam ; sustain­ ing, as it does, the well known despatch of Mr. Webster to the American Representative at the Porte, twenty years ago ; which declares it to be the duty and purpose of the Government to extend to American missionaries “ all proper succor and attentions, of which they may stand in need, in the same manner as to other citizens of the United States, who, as merchants, visit or dwell in Turkey.” The Board, at the present time, has more than a hundred mission­ aries, male and female, residing in different parts of the Turkish Empire ; and has had much reason to acknowledge the good hand of 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 13

God hitherto, since it commenced its missions in that part of the world, in the year 1821, during which time there has never before been occasion to mourn a similar act of violence. But when we con­ sider the two painful cases of murder now under consideration, together with the fatal outbreaks of Mohammedan fanaticism so recent in Syria; and how slow and uncertain, in that country, is punishment to follow the commission of crim e; and especially, how much the safety of foreign Christian residents will be compi*omised, should there prevail among the people an idea of impunity in outrages committed upon their property and lives; we feel assured, that the Prudential Committee were right in their application to our Govern­ ment, and that it is expedient for the Board also to make a similar application. And not only should our loyal fellow-citizens residiug as missionaries in Turkey, feel confident that they will enjoy the protection of our Government, but the same blessing should be extended, as far as may be, to those in Persia, (where the United States has neither Embassy nor Consuls,) and also in China, and A v h e r e v e r else it shall be needed. The committee therefore propose the adoption of the following Resolutions by the Board ; viz.

1. Resolved, That inasmuch as Christian ministers, when led by their convictions of duty to go and preach the gospel in unevangelized nations, do not by that act forfeit their citizenship, therefore, wherever they may go, they are as much entitled to the protection of their own Government, while demeaning themselves like good citizens, as they would be if engaged in secular occupations ; or, in the language of Daniel Webster, when Secretary of State, it is the duty of the Gov­ ernment to extend to American missionaries “ all proper succor and attentions, of which they may stand in need, in the same manner as to other citizens of the United States, who, as merchants, visit or dwell in Turkey.” 2. Resolved, That the very large body of loyal citizens in the United States, who regard it as among the important duties of their lives to propagate the knowledge and blessings of the Christian religion among benighted nations, in a peaceful and lawful manner, and who send forth and sustain agents for this purpose, may properly look to their Government for the protection of their agents, while thus employed. 3. Resolved, That the Board respectfully and earnestly asks the Government of the United States to give such instructions to its representatives in Turkey, and elsewhere,— if not already given,— as will prevent all doubt and delay in interposing the national shield of protection, in the cases o f emergency which are constantly liable to arise. And they would respectfully represent, that, at the present time, this is especially needful in Turkey, in consequence of the peculiar 2 14 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOAKD. [Report,

complexity in the relations of that Empire to foreign Governments, tending to alienate the different races from each other, and thus more or less to endanger and disquiet the foreign residents in all parts of the Empire. 4. Resolved, That while we would express our grateful acknowledg­ ments for the past services and protection which have been extended to our missionaries, particularly by the Bi*itish Embassy, and have the fullest confidence, that where the United States have no public officers, they will continue the same courtesy, we nevertheless feel that it would be most deeply humiliating, should our missionaries, who are Ameri­ can citizens, be compelled, through any fault of our functionaries, to appeal for protection to the Embassies of foreign nations.

The Resolutions, after some discussion and amendment, were adopted as they are here given.

The committee on the missions to Eastern Turkey and Syria say:

Your committee have carefully examined the reports submitted to them, and with an interest peculiarly deep. Perhaps upon no part of the missionary field does the eye rest with deeper interest, than upon that now under consideration ; because, at the present time, men, noble, self-denying and highly qualified, are on the ground; because they are translating and printing the Bible for the millions of Turkey ; because the field embraces the cradle of the human race, and in it, our brethren think they have found the New England of Turkey; because mind and thought are there so much aroused ; so many young churches are coming into existence; so many native helpers are in the process o f training, or are already in the work ; so many preaching stations, like so many lights, are already occupied; so many new calls are constantly being made ; and because the newly planted pi'inciples of the gospel have to contend with the ignorance and superstition of Mohammedanism and Papacy, with an imperfect Government, and with frequent persecutions. Your committee cannot too earnestly commend this field, and the great experiments there going on, to the prayers of the church, and to the most watchful attention of the brethren on the ground. They want these missions to be training schools, to see how fa r, and how fast, and how best, a native ministry can be brought forward and safely used. If the finances of the Board will permit, they hope, most earnestly, that these missions may be reinforced; but, at all events, that they may not be diminished. It is a beautiful fact, that God has placed two races of people there, under the labors and prayers of this 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 15

Board ; and when converted to Christ, these go into the living Tem­ ple, two strong pillars, Jachin and Boaz.

The committee on the Mahratta mission remark: The prosperity which has generally attended this, the oldest of all the missions of the Board, during the past year, demands our grati­ tude. They would particularly notice the liberality which has been shown by friends of the mission, in contributing largely to its funds, during the year ; and not only by Christian friends in India and Great Britain, but also by the native Christians, and — what is indeed extra­ ordinary— by the native heathen. No more satisfactory testimony could be given to the uprightness and usefulness of the missionaries themselves,— a testimony in which the heathen natives appear to have been as cordial as the Christian friends of the mission. This is but a presage of that honor to the gospel which the whole unconverted world is in due time to render.

The report of the committee on the Tamil missions was as follows: The committee to whom was referred that part of the Annual Report embracing the Tamil missions, have examined the documents submitted to them, and have the pleasure of expressing their great satisfaction with the intelligent zeal and persevering energy with which all the missionary labors have been carried on. They also express their grateful recognition of special influences of the Divine Spirit, with which the Madura mission, in particular, has been favored, and their great gratification with that remarkable devel­ opment of the spirit of benevolence in contributing to missionary objects, which has occurred both in the Madura and Ceylon missions — a triumph over selfishness, and a manifestation of gospel self-sacrifice, seldom surpassed since Apostolic days, and which, if imitated by all the friends of this Board, would make it certain that we should never again hear the sound of debt, nor fail of the means of carrying the gospel to the most distant portions of the earth. Your committee re-echo, with great pleasure, a sentiment uttered by a native pastor in Ceylon : “ All our people look with concern on the civil war in America. Our Christians wish and pray that the best of Governments may not be deprived of its strength and glory, and that one of the noblest of missionary societies may not be disabled in its angelic work.”

The committee on the China missions report: Your committee, in examining the Annual Report relating to the China missions, note with satisfaction the general prosperity of our 16 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

brethren there, and the evidence of the continued smiles of the great Head of the Church. W e pass over a number of subjects of interest presented in the Report, to invite special attention to the relative and absolute importance of the claims of China upon the American Board. The remarkable changes that have been wrought in that Empire ; the free toleration of Christianity; the extension of commercial and Christian intercourse even to the centre of the Empire and to the capital, Peking; have been noted and gratefully acknowledged in form, as they have occurred. But in view of the fact, that in a sense and to a degree unknown in former years, “ China is now truly opened,” and not less than one hundred millions of her inhabitants are now accessible to the missionaries of the cross, it may be seriously questioned whether the consequent obligation imposed upon the Church has been impartially appreciated by this Board. Within the last half century, many voices, now silent in death, have pleaded with great earnestness for China. The Morrisons, father and son, Milne, Abeel, Stevens, Gutzlaff, Pohlman, Medhurst, Macy, Aitcliison and Bridgman, (with their contemporaries,) — these all have pleaded long ; and yet, to-day, from all Protestant Christen­ dom, there is not one missionary in that land to a million of people now accessible ! It is not surprising that the beloved Bridgman, in his dying soliloquy, asked, “ Will the churches sustain the mission ? ” Two centuries ago, Francis Xavier, upon the Island of St. John, turned his gaze to the continent of China and exclaimed, “ 0 Rock ! when wilt thou open ? ” That question is answered. Nearly thirty years ago, the lamented Wisner, on a public occasion in New York, contemplating the millions of China, inapproachable except at a single port, became so affected as to be unable, for a moment, to utter the p a in ful emotions of his heart. Could he have looked down the vista of a single generation, and been assured at the end of it of the facts presented by Mr. Blodget in his several communications quoted in the Report, illustrating the importance of the field now opened in the North and West of China, — facts urged in advocacy of re-inforce- ment, and which will be read with deep interest,— the former Secre­ tary had forborne to weep, and the eloquence of his appeal to the churches, especially to her sons and daughters, to enter in and possess the land, were more readily conceived than expressed. W e live at the important epoch, when nearly half of the millions of China are accessible to the gospel. This Board should not do less for South Eastern Asia, but the conviction is deep and solemn that it should do much more for China,— do it without delay, and answer affirmatively the dying question of its first missionary to that land, “ Will the churches sustain the mission ? ” 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 17

The committee on the Sandwich Islands and Micronesia mis­ sions, say: In the Sandwich Islands, it is gratifying to see the great work of evangelizing and Christianizing a heathen nation, which has been commenced and substantially accomplished within the recollection of many of the older members of this Board. It now remains for us to provide for the perfecting and preservation of the great work which has thus been achieved in this early field of our missionary operations. The schools appear to be doing very well, under the care and direction of the Government of the Islands. The Oahu College, endowed in part by American Christians, but which is independent of this Board, bids fair to become an institution of great usefulness. And we already see the successful commencement of a system, which we trust will soon result in what is so much to be desired, the placing of all the churches gathered and to be gathered in these Christianized Islands, under the care of their own native pastors and ecclesiastical organiza­ tions. In the Micronesia mission, there are favorable indications that the expenditures of this Board, aided as they have been by the liberal contributions of many of our native Christian brethren of the Sand­ wich Islands, have not been without beneficial results.

THE NATIVE PASTORATE AN ESSENTIAL MEANS OF PROCURING A NATIVE MINISTRY. On Wednesday morning, Dr. Anderson presented, in behalf of the Prudential Committee, the following Special Report.

The subject of committing churches gathered in the unevangelized world to the care of native pastors, thus leaving the missionaries more free for labors in “ regions beyond,” is engaging the attention of the Board and its patrons, more and more, as time advances. And as the number of such pastors is well known to be yet small, it is believed that the theme, in one of its more important aspects, might be pro­ perly and usefully here discussed, in a Special Report; though, as will appear, there is no call for any authoritative action upon it on the part of the Board. Only thirty of the one hundred and seventy churches connected with the missions o f this Board have native pastors. There are, as yet, none in our African, Syria and China missions. The Ceylon, Mahratta and Sandwich Islands missions have each four. The Madura mission has six ; and there are eleven in the three missions to the Armenians of Turkey. The first impression is one of consid­ erable surprise, that there should be so small a number of native 18 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

pastors in our twenty missions, after the lapse o f thirty, forty, fifty years. It is quite obvious, however, that this small number of native pas­ tors does not result from any want of success in gathering native churches. Nor is it, in most cases, for the want of pious, educated natives in the employ of the missions ; seeing we have four hundred of these, most of them virtually preachers, and very many of them actually licensed as such. Nor is it owing to any lack of attention on the part of the Prudential Committee and the Secretaries; for they took the ground, as many as twelve years ago, in a Special Report to the Board, that missionaries are and ought to be evangelists, and not pastors ; and ever since, they have lost no opportunity to press upon their missionary brethren the great importance of the pastorate, as a means of securing a native ministry. Nor are the missionaries justly liable to censure in this matter; for they feel and confess, not less than ourselves, the desirableness of having the native churches so organized as to insure their earliest self-government and self-support. It is fair to conclude, therefore, that the obstacles in the way of success in this direction, whatever they were, have been unavoidable, and such as would require some time to surmount. And so it has been. They have existed, (1.) In our inexperience; (2.) In the want of precedents to guide us; (3.) In ideas and habits the mission­ aries necessarily took with them from their native land ; (4.) In the really unavoidable fact, that we began educating our native ministry prior to any proper development of native churches, and of course before we could know exactly what we wanted ; (5.) In certain una­ voidable errors in our higher education, shared by the Prudential Committee equally with the missionaries, whereby our candidates for the ministry became too strongly exposed to the temptations of higher wages in the business of the w orld; (6.) In the absence, resulting from the causes just mentioned, of a well-defined and settled purpose among the missionaries, to assign the native churches to the pastoral care of a native ministry; and (7.) In the consequent fact, that the native preachers were not educated, until within a few years, avow­ edly for the pastoral office, and therefore were not in expectation of i t ; and so the idea of it had not that place in their thoughts, nor that hold upon their consciences and hearts, which it has with a very large number of the pious young men in the colleges and higher schools of our own country. There is still another view. Modern missions are wisely prose­ cuted, for the most part, by married men. The Christian family is an excellent and powerful leaven in heathen society ; but it has also its. .peculiar temptations and liabilities. The married missionary 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 19 naturally builds him a house, in some convenient part of his field, and there makes his home, which becomes an attractive centre for a long while; and before he is aware, he has himself come more or less under the control of pastoral and parochial ideas and habits. We are happy to know that this tendency has been successfully resisted by many of our brethren. Still it is a fact, that two-thirds of our churches are station-^hurches, and that few of these have yet any other pastors than the missionaries. The effect of this course, if too long persisted in, would be to insure perpetual pupilage and dependence to the native churches ; and it has of late attracted the especial attention of at least a part of the mis­ sions. Nor can there be a doubt among careful readers of missionary intelligence, that these missions are intent on bringing about a salutary change, as fast as it seems to them possible. But this is not now an easy task. There has been so much lack of development in the native preachers, especially on the side of judgment and decision, — owing, in part, it may be, to their not having had more responsibility thrown upon them, — as to render it difficult for those who have known them long to feel it safe to commit the pastoral care to them; even though it be exercised for a time, under missionary supervision. Nor is the difficulty alone with the missionary. The native preacher, having his eye upon a better and surer maintenance, often prefers remaining in the service of the mission, and receiving his salary from it, to incur­ ring the risk of a smaller and ill-paid salary as the pastor of a native church. And a more frequent and painful result is, that the tie hold­ ing native preachers to the gospel ministry, often proves too feeble to prevent their being drawn away by the allurements of the surrounding world. Now the object of this paper is to show, that well-defined prospects and well-understood expectations of obtaining a pastorate in the native churches, are an essential element in the moral and religious forces by means of which these worldly inducements are to be resisted and overcome. How is it in our own country ? The cases are, perhaps, not per­ fectly analagous, but light will be thrown upon the subject if we con­ sider how necessary to the obtaining of such a ministry here, is the prospect and expectation of obtaining eligible settlements as pastors. Every college student knows perfectly well, that the gospel ministry is not the road to affluence and ease. What then is the overcoming motive, inducing him to choose the ministry ? What but the appeal which it makes to the conscience and to the highest and best religious feelings ? Not the commandment of our blessed Lord alone, to preach his gospel; but also the fact, that there are and will be churches and 20 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report, parishes needing and desiring their services as pastors and preachers, and that they feel especially called of God to devote themselves to these services. Experience shows, that the inward call of the Holy Spirit to this work needs the co-operating influence of well-defined providential openings to engage in it. There must be a distinct pros­ pect of local churches,— of the 'pastoral office, — of a waiting people. Thus it is that we obtain our gospel ministry here at home. Could we suppose that no pastorates were in prospect, or that the most important o f them would be filled by foreign preachers, our educated young men would then do just as too many of our more highly edu­ cated native converts have long been doing. It should be remembered, that the laws governing the human mind are everywhere tlié same. The fixed relation between £ demand and supply ’ can no more be safely disregarded with the graduates of Batti­ cotta, Pasumalie, Lahainaluna, Abeih, Bebek and Seir, than it can be with the graduates of our American colleges. Steam, telegrams, commerce, — wages, salaries, honors, — are everywhere; operating there as here ; and are to be overcome in the same general manner. The pastoral office is of divine appointment, and sustains a very pecu­ liar relation to the sanctified nature of man. Who has not seen this, and felt it? Hundreds of our best ministers spend their lives cheer­ fully, as pastors, on salaries they would by no means be contented to receive in mere worldly pursuits. When the pastorate is understood, — (and the same is even more true of the foreign missionary work,) — it has a peculiar sanctity, seeming nearer to the person and work of the Redeemer than any other office or work,— higher, better in the best sense, and far more influential than that of ‘ readers,’ ‘ catechista,’ or mere ‘ licentiates.’ Nothing equals it. It is a great power in the church at home, and it may be made such in our foreign missions. It will require untiring effort on the part of the missions, to select the proper men ; to instruct them with reference to the pastoral office ; to impress them with its claims ; to induce to a cheerful self-consecra­ tion ; and to train them for its duties. The experience of the mis­ sions with native pastors, thus far, has been favorable on the whole. Yet doubtless it is true, that ‘ heady’ and ‘ high-minded’ persons will be more troublesome as pastors, than they would be in subordinate stations ; and the multiplication of native pastorates will, for obvious reasons, add not a litile to the cares and perplexities of missionary life. As among the Galatians, they ■will sometimes become ‘ bewitched,’ and then will more or less ‘ bewitch’ their people. W e have already had some experience of this. But there is no shorter, no easier, no better way to reach the great result at which we aim. Never, other­ wise, shall we obtain a permanent, reliable, effective native ministry ; 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 21

and never succeed in establishing Christianity in any of the unevan­ gelized nations. But'justice to the cause requires us to add, that the older missions under the care of this Board are not really so far from the important result we have been contemplating, as might seem at first sight. For, in most of the missions, there has already been great progress of opinion, in this direction. The missionaries more clearly perceive the necessity of the thing. They probably feel more confidence in the native character ; but if not, they are more disposed to incur the risk ; depending on Him, who instituted both the church and pastorate, and through whose grace alone it is that any of his servants are enabled to stand. Guided by experience, they have modified, or are modify­ ing, the training schools for the native ministry, shaping their instruc­ tion more exclusively and exactly to the wants of the native churches. When the right men shall have been provided, and all in the right way, and when it is fully settled and declared, that the native churches are all to become the appropriate charge of native pastors, at the earliest possible day, then how little, comparatively, will remain to be done! Already there are numerous churches in need of such pastors. One-third of the existing churches are at out-stations, where mission­ aries do not reside, and not half of these are yet supplied. About one hundred are at the stations; and though native pastors have yet been given to but few of these, they have been to some, and the practice is extending; and the unordained native preachers have each more or less actual connection with some one of the churches ; not unfrequently they are even a sort of ^«cm-pastors, only not clothed with the right of administering the ordinances. All that we have said in this paper, has been under the strong conviction that this is a matter which must be left to the discretion of the several missions. O f course we may discuss it, and may use great freedom in our suggestions. But this is really all that we can properly do. With the missionaries is vested the right, by Christ in his Word, conveyed through the medium of Councils and Presbyteries, to institute this ministry ; nor can the Board, nor indeed any other body of men in countries remote from the missions, do more than advise and ex­ hort, so long as the missionaries do not transcend the plain line of their duty. Only the men on the ground can have full knowledge of the exigencies and difficulties of the case; and should the mission­ aries sometimes seem, to the more ardent of us, to be too cautious and backward in pressing the native forces to the front of the battle, there is still no wiser course for us than to leave them in possession of the field, secure of our unabated confidence and support. But should any have been so unfortunate in their experience of 22 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

native character, as to be skeptical in respect to the possible reliability and efficiency of a native pastorate through the grace of God, we may properly raise a question as to the validity of their testimony. Besides a strong presumption against it, there are remarkable facts to the contrary ; and the most remarkable of these, as stated by Dr. Tidman, Secretary of the London Missionary Society, at the Liverpool Mis­ sionary Conference, should be known and duly considered throughout the Christian world. Until the English missionaries at Tahiti had been driven away by the French, more than a score of years since, not a native pastor had ever been ordained. But when the native churches found themselves alone, they chose pastors from among themselves. “ And,” says the Secretary, “ after twenty years of French misrule, notwithstanding all the influences of Popery on the one hand and of brandy and vice on the other, there are now living, under the instruction and influence of these native pastors, a greater number of church-members than ever they had aforetime.” “ With regard to Madagascar,” adds the same witness, “ twenty years ago or more, the European shepherds were sent away, and a few poor, timid lambs left in the midst of wolves. And what has been the result ? Why, men have been raised up of God to take the oversight; and instead of tens of Christians, under the care of European pastors, there are now hundreds, nay thousands, under the teaching of these m en! ”

This paper was referred to a committee consisting of Dr. Hawes, Dr. Shepard, Dr. W . Child, Rev. Albert Barnes, Dr. E. Davis, Rev. H. M. Dexter, and Rev. E. D. Morris, who subsequently presented the following report, which was accepted.

The committee to whom was referred the paper of the Prudential Committee relating to a Native Pastorate, as an essential means of procuring a Native Ministry, report: The object o f this paper is evidently one of great importance. It is to urge the necessity and indicate the method of raising up native pastors to take charge of native churches, gathered among the une­ vangelized and heathen, as fast and as far as it can be done with any good hope of success. There are obviously many difficulties in the way of accomplishing this object, and the time and- manner of sur­ mounting them must, to a great extent, be left to the judgment of the missionaries occupied in different fields of labor. It is well, however, to have the subject brought distinctly before them, and urged on their attention, as deserving their serious practical consideration. There can be no hope of planting the gospel permanently in any unevangel­ 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 23 ized or heathen land, but in connection with native pastors, raised up to preside over churches gathered in such localities. To supply such churches Avith pastors from this or any other Christian land, for any length of time, is obviously out of the question. To meet the exi­ gency o f the case, it is necessary that young men on the ground should be educated and trained with special reference to their being employed in the pastoral office, when they shall become suitably qual- fied for it. This design of their training should be kept distinctly before their minds, in the whole process of their education, that they may thus understand the nature and design of the sacred office, and enter upon it with a proper sense of the duties and responsibilities involved in it. And further, the churches should, as soon as practi­ cable, be made to understand that they are to rely on native pastors for a permanent ministry, and arc to furnish the means, as far as they are able, of supporting them. In a word, they should, from the first, be taught to be self-reliant; responsible for sustaining among them­ selves the institutions and ordinances of the gospel. To present and to urge these objects upon the attention of the Board, and its patrons and missionaries, is the design of the Special Report referred to our consideration. It lias the cordial approval of your committee, and they recommend its adoption and publication.

EXPENDITURES AND FINANCES OF THE BOARD. Dr. Bacon, from the committee appointed last year to “ review the expenditures and finances of the Board,” read the following report, which was accepted, and ordered to be printed under the direction of the Prudential Committee.

To the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, convened at Springfield, on the first Tuesday in October, A. D. 1862, the committee appointed to review the expenditures and finances of the Board, having attended to the duty for which they were appointed, respectfully present their R e p o r t . Your committee met first at Boston, on the 25th of June last; next, at the same place, by adjournment, on the first day of the pres­ ent month ; and again, at this place, for the completion of their report. Every facility for the required investigation has been aiforded by the executive officers of the Board ; and the promptitude, fullness and accuracy with which the questions proposed by the committee have been answered, may be taken as one among many illustrations of the systematic carefulness with which the business of the institution, at the centre of its operations, is conducted. The mass of materials in the hands of the committee, is greater than can be used to advantage in this report. Some topics on which much information was received, 24 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report, and which are worthy of the most attentive consideration, must be passed by without notice, inasmuch as the time would fail us if we should attempt, in any one meeting of this Board, to examine and discuss all the questions suggested by a survey of our expenditures and finances. It is assumed by this committee, that the inquiry concerning the

E xpenditures of the Board is for the twofold purpose, first, of ascer­ taining how the funds intrusted to this institution are distributed among the missions and among the various departments of the w ork; and, secondly, of deducing from the survey such conclusions, in regard to the system and economy of foreign evangelization, as shall be of practical value to us in the further prosecution of our great enter­ prise. In attempting to classify the expenditures of a missionary institution, we find at the outset an obvious distinction between the Home work and the Foreign work. This Board, like every other organization for foreign missions, has Avork to do at home — not Avhat is commonly called home-missionary work, but the home work of Foreign Missions. A t the inception of our enterprise, before any missionary could be sent abroad, there was work to be done at home. The plan must be commended to the public, through the press and by the living voice. Arrangements must be made which would Avarrant the expectation of a revenue. There must be consultations, personal and by letter, Avith men of acknowledged wisdom and of influence in the churches. Those Christian affections and sympathies which prompt to prayer and effort for the propagation of the gospel, must be roused, enlight­ ened and guided ; and thus the missionary spirit in the churches must be evoked, and in some fashion organized for action. Nor could this be done once for all. The necessity for such Avork never ceases. Year by year, the appeal to Christian liberality must be renewed. Year by year, we must repeat the call for co-operation; and as our missions multiply and prosper, there is so much the more need of making the public, acquainted with the enterprises and successes of the institution. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, while it is primarily and mainly an institution for the evan­ gelization of the heathen and Mohammedan world, is also, and there­ fore, an institution for the diffusion of foreign missionary intelligence among the Christian people of these States, for the discussion of questions relative to the science and economy of missions, and for awakening and sustaining a missionary spirit in the churches.

THE HOME W O R K . Our first endeavor then, as we proceed to classify the expenditures o f the Board, should be, to ascertain how much is expended in this 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 25 home work. A wise administration of our affairs as a missionary institution, requires us to expend in this department just so large a portion of our annual income as will give us, not in any one year, but. in a series of years, extending through the life-time of a generation, the largest amount, not of money only, but of Christian force, (in­ cluding faith and prayer, as well as intellectual power,) for our work among the heathen. It would be as wise for a farmer to think of enriching himself by saving the price of his seed-wheat, as for this Board to think of enlarging or sustaining its missions by saving any of the expenses necessary to a vigorous prosecution of its home work. ‘ ‘ He which soweth sparingly shall reap also sparingly.” At the same time, it must be remembered that every dollar unnecessarily expended at home — every dollar expended which might have been saved with­ out any damage to the revenue of the Board, or to the sources of its revenue in the intelligent and Christian sympathy of the public— is, to that extent, a perversion of our trust as Commissioners for Foreign Missions. For the purpose then of this report, the expenditures of the Board should be divided as exactly as possible into two great classes: — First, those which are incidental to the collection of the income, and to the necessary correspondence and communication with the public, in order to awaken and sustain the missionary spirit in the churches ; and, Secondly, those which are incurred in the main work of selecting and sending forth the missionaries, and of sustaining and guiding the missions. It will be observed that the classification now proposed differs from that which has been made, since 1859, in the Treasurer’s Annual Report of the Pecuniary Accounts. The fullness and intelligibleness of those reports cannot be too highly commended. But for the purpose of the present inquiry, that classification of expenditures, under the three heads of “ Cost of the missions,” “ Cost of collecting the funds,” and “ Cost of administration,” is less convenient than the classification now proposed. The home work necessarily incident to our enterprise includes much more than merely “ collecting the funds; ” and much of what is done at the Missionary House in Boston, and which i* included in the “ cost of administration,” belongs to the foreign work as evidently as if it were done in Turkey or in China. For that rea­ son, a perfect exactness in the division now proposed is not attainable. Yet it is important to make such a division with the greatest possible approximation to accuracy. The expenses of administration may be apportioned with some degree of exactness between the home work and the foreign. Undertaking, then, in the first place, to make a Schedule of Expen­ ditures in the home work, we begin at the Missionary House, the 3 26 ANNUAL MEETING OP THE BOARD. [Report,

centre of all our operations, both at home and abroad. Here is the Treasury; here are the offices of correspondence ; here are the weekly sessions of the Prudential Committee; here the publications of the Board are prepared for the press, and from this point they are dis­ tributed ; here is the library for the use of the Committee, the Secre­ taries, and the Editor; here is the missionary museum; here is the central depot and place of storage for all sorts of articles sent to the missions from this country, and for whatever is sent hither from the missions, or brought by returning missionaries. How much of all these expenditures may we reasonably charge to the necessities of our home work ?

I. T h e T r e a s u r e r ' s O f f i c e . — I f the Treasurer had no other duty than to receive the contributions, to make deposits in a bank, and to issue checks against the deposits, in payment of drafts from the mis­ sions, under the direction of the Prudential Committee, the entire cost of his office might perhaps (though not without hesitation) be set down as expended in the home work, inasmuch as it is closely con­ nected with our system of communication with contributors. An unsuspected integrity, and a competent knowledge of book-keeping, such as a clerk or teller in a bank must have, would, in that case, be a sufficient qualification for his office. But in fact, the receipt and disbursement of funds, amounting in the aggregate to about $400,000 annually, is only a small part of the Treasurer’s duty. I f we may use analogies which the unhappy experience of our country, within the last eighteen months, has made familiar to all minds, the Treas­ urer of this Board is not merely its Secretary of the Treasury and the depositary of its cash; he also performs in its behalf the duties of Paymaster General, Quartermaster General, and Commissary General, to all the missions. The services which he renders to the missions, and to individual missionaries while in the employment of the Board — purchasing and forwarding supplies, making remittances to so many barbarous or semi-civilized countries, aiding missionaries in their out­ fits, providing for their passages across the ocean, making arrange­ ments to anticipate their wants in all parts of the world— belong as obviously to the foreign work, as the Commissariat and the Pay­ master’s duties belong to the army, and not to any department of the civil government. It is for this reason that in our schedules, one- fifth of the Treasurer’s salary, and about one-half of the payments to clerks in his office, are assigned to the home work, and the remainder to the foreign work.

II. C orrespondence . — The correspondence at the Missionary House has formerly given employment to three Secretaries. A t pres­ ent the same duties, with the exception o f some editorial labor, are performed by two Corresponding Secretaries. The Senior Secretary, 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 27

Dr. Anderson, is wholly occupied with the Foreign Correspondence. The expenses, therefore, of his office, belong entirely to the foreign -work. Nor are the services of the other Secretary, Mr. Treat, given exclusively to the correspondence with contributors, and to the labors by which the missionary spirit is sustained and invigorated in the churches. All the correspondence with the missions among the North American Indians is conducted by him, and all the correspondence with missionary candidates, and with accepted missionaries prior to their designation. For these reasons, it seems proper to estimate one- sixth of the cost of that office as chargeable to the foreign work, and the remaining five-sixths to the home work.

III. P ublications . — The publications of the Board are another part of the work done at the Missionary House. Of these the most important is the Missionary Herald. None can doubt that such a periodical is indispensable to the Board, as a means of communication with its contributors and with the public. In one view, the circula­ tion of the Herald is largely gratuitous, and constitutes a very consid­ erable item in the annual expenditures. But in another mode of stating the facts, the cost of that gratuitous circulation might disap­ pear from our schedule. By a standing offer to collectors and donors, the Herald is furnished to every donor who does not prefer taking it as a subscriber, and contributes to the Board, in a year, not less than ten dollars ; to every collector who collects, during the year, not less than fifteen dollars ; to every association or society contributing during one year not less than twenty dollars ; and to the minister of every congregation, which contributes to the treasury of the Board at the monthly concert or otherwise. Assuming that the average cost of the Herald to the Board is fifty cents, that amount is to be deducted from each annual donation or contribution for which the Herald is given in return. In other words, the annual donation of ten dollars, or upwards, includes a subscription for the Herald at the cost of manu­ facture. The same is true of sums raised by collectors, or by auxili­ aries, or by church contributions; the nominal amount in each instance may be considered as including the payment of a subscription for the Herald at cost. If the offer were made in this form, “ Every donor of not less than nine dollars and fifty cents, may receive a copy of the Missionary Herald for the additional payment of fifty cents,” the amount now expended in what we call the gratuitous distribution of the Herald would disappear from both sides of the Treasurer’s account. In former years, the experiment has been made to sustain other periodical publications as a means of popularizing missionary intelli­ gence and promoting the missionary spirit in the churches. The Dayspring, commencing in 1843, and designed especially for young persons, was discontinued in 1856. The Journal of Missions, after 28 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report, an experiment of twelve years, was discontinued at the close of 1861. At present, the only substitute for these two publications is a quar­ terly letter to Sabbath Schools. The Annual Report is in some respects the most important publi­ cation issued by the Board. As exhibited here, it is the account which the Prudential Committee and other officers of this Corporation give of their trust at the end of the year for which they were elected. As accepted and published by the Commissioners, it is the account which the Corporation itself gives, year by year, to its contributors and to the public, showing how the duties of this stewardship are performed. No part of our expenditures in the home work is more imperatively demanded than the publication and distribution of the Annual Report; and we may add that no duty in regard to the Board is more impera­ tive on all to whom the institution is in any sort responsible, than the duty of examining attentively and judging candidly, year by year, these well-digested documents. O f other publications, including the Sermons preached before the Board in these great annual assemblies, occasional Circulars from the Prudential Committee, and various Missionary Tracts and Papers, there are none within the knowledge of this Committee which are not positively necessary to the system of communication between the Board and the contributing public. Among the expenditures for publications, the salaries of Editor and General Agent are included. These items, however, instead of ap­ pearing distinctly in the general Schedule of Expenditures, are charged against the Missionary Herald, and till the year now closing, have always been more than balanced by the income from paying sub­ scribers. It should be remembered that the great labor of editing the Missionary Herald— revising, compiling, condensing, and arranging the diversified intelligence brought to the Missionary House, from so many distant parts of the world, in the reports and letters of the mis­ sionaries— could not be imposed upon either of the Secretaries without a serious interference with their more important duties.

IV. R e n t a n d I n c i d e n t a l E x p e n s e s . — Before we leave the Mis­ sionary House, we must take notice of some other expenses which ought to be apportioned between the home work and the foreign. The rent of the Missionary House is in fact a charge upon the Perma­ nent Fund, of which the amount of $23,000 is invested in the land and building. I f to the interest on that investment we add the aver­ age annual cost of insurance, repairs, and care of the building, the yearly rent of all the apartments occupied by the Board in Boston, may be estimated at $1,800. Of this we judge that $650 should be reckoned as expended in the home work. In like manner, the expenses for postage, for gas and fuel, and for stationery at the Mis­ 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 29

sionary House, are divided in our schedules between the home work and the foreign work, as defined in this report.

V. M i s s i o n a r y R o o m s a t N e w Y o r k . — A Financial Agency of the Board was established in the city of New York, more than thirty years ago, which has been continued to this time. It has also been judged expedient, these ten years past, for one of the Corresponding Secretaries to reside in that city. The services of that S e c r e t a ^ , Dr. Wood, as well as of the Financial Agent, Mr. Merwin, may be set down as belonging chiefly to the home work, his appointment and residence there being with reference not only to a local influence, but also to a general influence to be exerted from that most important centre. In addition to his services in the home work, the New York Secretary has duties, sometimes onerous, in relation to the outfit and embarkation of missionaries sailing from that port, or returning and landing there. He also attends the meetings of the Prudential Com­ mittee at Boston, when not detained by other duties, and is in com­ munication constantly with his colleagues at the Missionary House, rendering them assistance as may be required, in either department of the work. The expenses connected with the Missionary Rooms are exhibited in the schedules which accompany this report. Some reduction in those expenses seems to be practicable. The Prudential Committee, after due deliberation, have come to the conclusion that the services of the General Agent are not indispensable to success. It is their opinion that the Secretary residing at New York, with one assistant or clerk, can perform all the duties required at our Missionary Rooms in New York, without prejudice to the interests of the Board. Your Committee on Expenditures and Finances agree in the same conclu­ sion ; and therefore, while recognizing the fidelity and zeal with which Mr. Merwin has performed his work for more than twenty years, including the exercise of a large hospitality to embarking and return­ ing missionaries, they recommend, as a practicable and necessary retrenchment, that the office of General Agent at New York be dis­ continued.

VI. D i s t r i c t S e c r e t a r i e s . — The schedules herewith presented exhibit, under the head of District Secretaries, the expenditures for the salaries of those officers, for their traveling expenses, for rent of offices occupied by them, and for the traveling expenses of others occasionally employed in addressing churches and public assemblies. It is the opinion of the committee, and probably of all who think seriously on the subject, that these agencies cannot be set aside till the churches and individual donors, on whom the Board depends, shall have become far more regular and systematic in their contribu­ tions to this cause than they have ever yet been. There has been, 30 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report, however, a considerable retrenchment in this class of expenditures within the last few years. By a reference to the Reports of the Treasurer, it appears that, in 1850, the expenditures for “ Agencies” were $15,703 ; in 1852, (as shown by the appended schedules,) they were $11,882 ; while $8,208 is the amount for the year now closed.

V II. A n n u a l M e e t i n g a n d A nniversaries . — A yearly meeting of the Corporation, for reports and for the election of its officers, is required by the charter and is necessary in the nature of the case. Inasmuch as this meeting, theoretically considered, is held chiefly for the purpose of reviewing the management of the missions, the cost of it might naturally be set down among the expenditures for the foreign work. But the meeting has become in fact, for many years past, a very different thing from what it is in theory ; the impression to be made on the public is now the consideration which determines where the meeting shall be held, carrying it sometimes almost a thousand miles away from the centre of our operations — and therefore what it costs to the treasury ought rather to be counted among the expenditures for the home work. The expense of so great a convention to the hospitality of the place in which it is held, and the expense of it to the multitudes whom it brings together, cannot be easily computed. Nor is it for this committee to give an opinion con­ cerning the expediency or economy of any expenses which are not paid from funds contributed to the treasury of the Board. In addition to the annual meeting of the Board, as required by its charter, two anniversary meetings, one in New York and one in Boston, are held yearly, in the month of May, at the expense of our treasury. That these meetings, considered as belonging to the system o f arrangements by which the Board is acting on the public at home, are worth what they cost, will not probably be questioned. A survey of the entire home work shows that the sum total of expenditures in this department for the last year, is considerably less than it was ten years ago. This reduction will probably be somewhat greater next year. It has been effected chiefly in the cost of publica­ tions and agencies, in which respect it can hardly be carried much farther without serious danger to the enterprise with which this Board is intrusted. Perhaps, if the edition of the Annual Sermon should be somewhat diminished, and if some pains should be taken to distribute the Annual Report by sale to those who may choose to order it, some reduction may be effected in the cost of publications, without any loss of income, or o f Christian sympathy and co-operation. I f we consider $22,394, the amount taken from the income of- 1862 for expenditures in the home work, (see schedule A ,) as the average of these expenditures, and assume the average income of the three years prior to 1860 as the average income at the present time, it will 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 81 appear that scarcely more than six per cent of the income is expended in the woi'k of raising funds, of communicating Avith contributors and auxiliaries, and of aAvakening and sustaining the spirit of missionary zeal in all parts of the country ; so that nearly ninety-four per cent of the income from all sources remains to be expended directly in the work of selecting and sending forth missionaries to the heathen, and of sustaining and enlarging the missions.

THE FOREIGN WORK.

Passing now to the consideration of those expenditures which per­ tain more directly to the aggressive action of the Board upon the heathen and Mohammedan Avorld, it is natural for us first to touch upon certain expenses of that class which arise in this country, and Avhich, being general in their nature and chargeable to no particular mission, are set down in the Treasurer’s accounts as part of the. “ Cost of administration.” The not unreasonable jealousy which watches against all unnecessary expense in the home Avork, watches with the same care over this class of expenditures in the foreign work. I. Treasurer’s Department. — Thus our inquiries return to the Missionary House, and again Ave begin at the Treasurer’s office. A Treasurer there must be, not only for the convenience of contributors, to receive money, but also for the convenience of missionaries, to pay it out. N o man can be expected to do this work without compensa­ tion. N o man is fit to do i t — no man should be intrusted Avith it, whose financial ability would not be worth $5,000 annually, if em­ ployed in the service of a railway company or a Lowell corporation. The appended schedules shoAV A\That the cost is, of the Avork done by the Treasurer and his subordinates for the missions, and of incidental expenses connected with supplies and remittances. The increase since 1852 is in part explained by an increase of the labor performed in that department, and in part by the very great increase in the nominal price of foreign exchange. II. Correspondence. — The correspondence with all the missions beyond the ocean is conducted by the Senior Secretary; that with the* missions among the North American Indians, by his colleague. The entire salary of the former is among the expenditures in the foreign work. His salary, like that of every officer of the Board, is not to be considered an adequate compensation for his services, but is deter­ mined by the principle Avhich determines the salary of a missionary. The question in regard to each and every officer of the Board, is not what his services are Avorth, nor what his talents might have earned for him, had he have devoted himself to some other employment, but only what is the least amount on which he can be expected to live, 32 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

while giving his services to the missionary enterprise. Hardly a church in Boston, of those which contribute to our treasury, would be satisfied with giving to its pastor so small a salary as the largest which we give to any of our officers. The difference between the salary paid to the Senior Secretary and that paid to his colleague, is because the former, by reason of his official relation to the missionaries, is subjected to a very considerable expense for hospitality. The reduc­ tion in the missions to the North American Indians has been so great, that only a small portion of the salary paid to Mr. Treat is now chargeable to the foreign work. A t the same time, the aggregate expenses connected with the Missionary House, are diminished by that new distribution of duties, which divides the correspondence among two Corresponding Secretaries, instead of three, and which throws upon the Treasurer some of the labor which fell to the Secre­ taries under the former arrangement. III. The Prudential Committee.— Probably few among the tens of thousands who contribute to our funds, are aware of the labor performed by the members of the Prudential Committee. Fifty-two regular sessions every year, besides adjourned and occasional meet­ ings, are a heavy tax upon men to every one of whom those hours have a value that might be represented in money. All that labor is a free offering on their part. The only charges upon our funds for this most important part of the administration at the Missionary House, are for the rent of the committee-room, which is also the library,— for the purchase and preservation of books, and for expenses incurred by the two members who reside at New York and Brooklyn, in their attendance on the meetings of the Committee. IV. Cost of the Missions. — Turning now to those expenditures which appear in the Treasurer’s reports as chargeable directly to the several missions, we find less occasion for the exhibition or explanation of details. But there are certain comprehensive views which the Board and the public may advantageously consider. A view of the expenditures, as distributed among the various mis­ sions, is given annually by the Treasurer in that part of his report which exhibits the “ Cost of the missions.” It will be enough for this committee to refer to the published Annual Reports, for informa­ tion concerning the relation between the expenses and the results of missionary labor in the various fields. In pursuing so great a work as that for which this Board was instituted,— a work to be handed doAvn from one generation to another, till all nations shall have received the gospel,— we cannot excuse ourselves from the duty of forethought, careful, far-reaching, and guided by faith in the promises of God. Our work, so far as the direction of it is not taken out of our hands by the all-governing Providence, should be planned and managed with 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 33 reference to the earliest possible evangelization o f the whole world. I f we have a certain amount of force to be expended in foreign mis­ sions, it is as much our duty to expend that force judiciously as to expend it at all. For that reason, this committee cannot but approve the unequal, but not disproportionate, expenditure in different parts o f the heathen and Mohammedan world. At present, the Board is expending almost one-half of its means upon the missions in the Turkish empire and in Persia. The obvious relation of those coun­ tries and races to great changes now impending — changes which are anticipated alike by the foresight of faith, and by the prognostications o f political wisdom— requires us, just now, to concentrate our forces, as much as possible, in those historic and prophctic regions ; for there are all the keys of conquest; there are the passes to universal empire ; there is to be our W aterloo; there is the Armageddon of the war which we are waging. There too God has given the work, signally, into the care of this Board and of its constituency; there he has cheered us onward with marvellous successes; there he is giving us unquestionable indications that the day is approaching. The British empire in India, swarming with nations whose civilization is older than the earliest records of secular history, and whose minds need only the enlightening and invigorating influence of Christianity, to give them again a place in the front rank of the wox-ld’s progress, is doubt­ less a most important field for missions to the heathen ; but there our labors are, in a sense, subordinate and auxiliary to those of British Christians, who are pre-eminently called of God to the work of evan­ gelizing their heathen fellow subjects. Therefore, though one of the missions in that empire was the earliest foreign enterprise of the Board, and though the time is evidently not remote, when the huge fabric of those ancient idolatries must fall; the Prudential Committee are to be commended, rather than censured, for the disproportion between our expenditures in British India, and our expenditures in the Turkish empire, and among the Nestorians on its border — the latter amount being more than twice as great as the former. China is an almost boundless field in itself; and not only its relations to our commerce, but its comparative proximity to our Pacific States, give us a special interest in it, and impose upon us a special duty in rela­ tion to it. But in that empire, the missions of this Board are only co-ordinate with the undertakings of almost every Protestant mission­ ary society of this country and of Europe. Therefore, when we find that, at present, our expenditures in China are less than one-3eventh of our expenditures in the Turkey, Syria and Nestorian missions, we judge that the policy of the Prudential Committee, in this particular, is to be commended. Some of our missions are among decaying races, morally and intellectually feeble, that seemed destined to extinc­ 34 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report, tion. Such are the missions among our Indians, and in the Islands of the Pacific ocean. The success with which God has crowned those missions, as a whole, is a glorious justification of them. What God has wrought by his blessing on our labors among the wild men of our woods, is a testimony to the power of the gospel, and of the practica­ bility of proclaiming it to every creature, worth more to our churches and to all churches, than all the expenditure increased a hundred-fold. The work wrought in the Sandwich Islands has not only been effec­ tual, as we trust, to the salvation of thousands of souls, and to the civilization of a dying race, but in the providence of God, it has been connected with great ulterior results, which no human foresight could have anticipated at the beginning, or for a quarter of a century after­ wards. Yet we cannot regret to see the expenditure for missions of this class gradually diminishing. In the Sandwich Islands we are closing our work, because the inhabitants have ceased to be, in the meaning of our charter and our original constitution, a heathen people. The same is true of our missions among the North American Indians. Within the last ten years, our expenditures for the Indian missions have been largely reduced, and the reduction is still in progress. It can hardly escape our notice, that the Micronesia mission is an exception to these remarks, — the expenditures for that mission being obviously disproportionate to the extent of the field and the import­ ance of its relations to other countries. There is, indeed, a possi­ bility that before the evangelization of those scattered islets, with their feeble population, shall have been completed, some changes not now dreamed of, in the paths of commerce and in the art of naviga­ tion, may give to our mission a new importance in connection with the progress o f the gospel through the world. Yet that possibility, so difficult to be conceived, would hardly justify us in undertaking such a mission, with our present knowledge of the conditions under which it must be carried on, and in using for that purpose resources which might be used so much more effectively in Turkey or in China. Communication with our brethren on those islands is almost impossi­ ble, without a vessel performing its voyages exclusively for that purpose. The entire cost of the Morning Star, and of keeping her afloat and in motion continually, is among the expenditures for that mission. And how indispensable she is to the communication between those isolated missionaries and the base of their operations, appears from the fact, that the entire amount of her earnings the last year, by carrying freight for other parties, was only one hundred and twenty-six dollars. On the other hand, it must be remembered that though we were led into this remote and sterile field by reasonable expectations which have been in some measure disappointed, our work there has been begun, and is going forward with fair hopes of 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 85 success; and that to abandon a mission, once begun, Í8 far more painful, and involves a more serious responsibility, than not to begin it. It is to be remembered, too, that this, like every other mission, has its own special relations to the sympathies and prayers of Chris­ tian people ; and that probably it brings into our treasury, by the force of those sympathies, nearly as much as is required for its sup­ port. Nor should a thought be entertained, for one moment, which can imply that any human population is too remote or too degraded for the reach of Christian love and zeal. Our missions in Africa are of another class. The natives of that continent, however barbarous, and however degraded by unnumbered centuries of the most abject heathenism, cannot be counted among the decaying races. Nothing, perhaps, in the prospect of the world’s future, is more certain to a philosophic mind, than that there must be a future for that great continent, and for the peculiar race to whom it has been given, and whose occupation of it has been so carefully guarded by the providence of God through all the changes of four thousand years. Thus far our missions on the Western Coast of Africa, though costly in the most important respect, have not drawn largely on our pecuniary resources. But the time is not far distant, when our missionaries will be of the race to whom that continent belongs. The republic of Liberia, the British colony of Sierra Leone, and the four millions of Africans in the United States, will give us the men for the work ; and then the wide and populous regions of Central Africa will become a missionary field not surpassed by any other in the importance of its relations to the conversion of the world. Already our success among the negroes of South-eastern Africa is showing us what work there will be for us in the future, and what victories of the gospel we may hope for among the wildest and most degraded of the tribes to whom that mysterious continent is given as an inheritance while time shall last. Small as our expenditure now is for missions in Africa, as compared with our missions in Asia, we cannot doubt that it must soon be largely increased. There is another classification of our expenditures in the missions, and one which is in some respects more suggestive. As our missions are conducted, the personal support of the missionaries is only a part, and may be a small part, of what it costs to carry on the work. That indeed is the only expense at the outset. But soon, wherever we are successful, the work requires expenditures of another sort. There must be schools, first, perhaps for the most rudimental instruction ; then schools of a higher order, in which young persons, giving evidence of Christian character and promise of Christian usefulness, may be trained to be teachers in their turn, and to be helpers in other depart­ ments o f the work of evangelization. I f there are schools, converts, 36 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report, churches, there must be books ; the Holy Scriptures must be given to the people in their own language ; books o f devotion must be prepared, for the church, the family, and the closet, and books of instruction for the school. Here arises the necessity for a class of expenditures which tends to an indefinite enlargement. Making this classification of our expenditures in the missions, we find that in the last ten years the aggregate increase in all the missions has been $31,929, of which about one-fourth part ($8,639) is for the personal support of missionaries sent from this country. All the remainder (about three-fourths of the whole) represents the increased expenditure in the working of-the missions. The expen­ diture for “ Native Agency,” exclusive of schools — that is, for native laborers employed directly in the work of evangelization, as pastors of native churches, &c. — has advanced more than fifty per cent within the past ten years. The expenditures for the “ Training Schools,” as they are now called, have received no enlargement, as these institutions have undergone certain modifications, with a view to making them more strictly theological schools ; and boarding schools for small boys have been relinquished. The cost of the “ Female Boarding Schools ” has been diminished two thousand dollars, but will no doubt be enlarged again, as soon as some insti­ tutions of that kind shall have been reorganized. In the expendi­ ture for “ Common Schools,” the diminution has been $3,833 — more than one-fourth, since 1842. This saving, if it may be so called, has been effected partly by relinquishing such schools as were thought to be of comparatively little value to our work, and partly by the resolute endeavor to throw the cost of common schools, as much as possible, and as fast as possible, upon the parents of the children. Sometimes, too, when retrenchment has been absolutely necessary, a portion of the expenditure for these schools has been applied to other objects, that were deemed to be of more immediate importance. The diminution under the operation of all these causes has been mostly in the older and more prosperous missions. In the estimation of this committee, two points, suggested by the facts just mentioned, should be regarded as settled in our missionary policy. The first is, that when a mission has passed through its early stage of progress, it must begin to develop a power of expansion from within itself. As soon as it has nativo converts that have any qualifications for usefulness among their countrymen, it must begin to employ native preachers; first in the character of evangelists, and then in the care and guidance o f native churches. Missionaries from this ¡.country are to commence the w ork; and, at the earliest possible date, ■they are to find helpers among the converts God shall have given them. As the work advances, this “ Native Agency” is to be more 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 37 and more employed, and the native laborers are to be more and more trusted and depended on, under the guidance of the missionaries, till the country has been evangelized, and the people are capable of sus­ taining their own institutions as a Christian people. But in order to this result, another point is equally important in our policy. The native churches, and the individual converts, must be trained from the first to the habit of self-support. The cost of the Native Agency,” and especially of supporting those who serve as native pastors, must be thrown from the beginuing, as much as possible, upon the natives themselves. Nor must the native pastor or evangelist be allowed to think that manual labor for his own support is inconsistent with the dignity or the spirituality of his functions. The utmost vigilance is necessary on this point, both at the Missionary House and in the missions. “ Native Agency” can never attain its highest usefulness, so long as it depends upon a foreign treasury. A native pastorate, especially, and native self-support, must go together. In the Sand­ wich Islands mission this result was reached long ago. It must be reached ere long in the missions of Western and Central Turkey. The expense for printing at the missions has advanced in ten years from $7,405 to $8,855. Besides this increase, however, it should be stated that the mission presses have done much more for the Bible and Tract Societies. This is no more than might be expected from the progress of the higher education and the growth of the u Native Agency.” Yet it should be ever remembered that nothing which is undertaken in connection with the missionary work, tends so power­ fully to a perpetual increase of expenditure, and to the withdrawal of missionaries from their more appropriate work, as the manu­ facture of books. For this reason it has been the policy of the Prudential Committee to get rid of the printing presses in every mission, as soon as natives can be found with capital to make the purchase, and with sufficient intelligence and skill to carry on the business. It may be doubted whether among a barbarous people a missionary press is ever desirable, till the later stages of the work. All the requisite printing can be done better, and at far less cost, in this country. There are some foreign expenditures which have been partially investigated by this committee; but which can only be mentioned here. How much has been expended for houses of worship, for school-houses, and for other buildings in the several missions, and by what principles the expenditure in this direction should be guided and restrained ; — are questions on which the time forbids us now to enter. So of expenditures for the health of missionaries, for the education of their children, and for their occasional visits to this country— no more 4 38 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

can be said in this report, than that the Prudential Committee seem to have exercised a wise and kind discretion.

In regard to the F i n a n c e s of the Board, your committee have little more to say than that the subject seems too large to be fully exhibited in this report. Our revenue comes from the voluntary offerings of those whose hearts God has wakened to some degree of sympathy with Christ’s work in this lost world, and who have confidence in the wisdom and efficiency with which our Prudential Committee are dis­ pensing the funds intrusted to their care. The true financial policy for an institution like ours, is that which relies not on transient excite­ ments, but on the steady force of religious principle. “ Our ways and means ” of revenue are all summed up in the one expedient of making known, as widely as possible, our plans, our operations, our successes, and our embarrassments, and of taking care that every friend of our work shall have all needful opportunities of making his contributions to our treasury, according to his willingness and his ability. By what arrangements this maybe done most effectively— to what extent and in what modes the press may be employed more advantageously than at present— what better arrangements can be made for the purpose of bringing the churches, as organized bodies, to take care that their own members are enlightened and instructed in regard to missions, and are distinctly invited to contribute as the Lord hath prospered them— how the pastors of churches can be best encouraged and assisted to do their part in the great movement — what better methods of organization and of mutual incitement, among the friends of the Board, might be adopted — are questions of detail which de­ serve a careful attention, but which cannot be disposed of in this report. Yet on one topic connected with the finances of the Board, your committee may be expected to report more particularly. The accounts of the Treasurer and the method in which the business of his office is transacted, have been examined by a gentleman delegated for that purpose from the committee ; and the result is highly satisfactory. It seems proper to give that result in detail.

“ The committee, in examining the accounts of the Treasurer, have had particular reference to the method or system adopted for keeping the accounts of an institution so extensive, and in some respects so peculiar. “ While the principles of book-keeping, which are adopted by mer­ cantile houses, are applicable to the accounts of this Board, the pecu­ liar relation it sustains to the American churches and people, make it proper that its accounts should be made so clear, by explanatory 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 39 entries, that they may be understood by those of the donors who may not be skilled in the science of book-keeping. To meet this want, the managers of this Board keep their books by double entry, with such explanatory books as make their operations easily understood by per­ sons of ordinary intelligence. “ In addition to the ordinary books of a mercantile house, such as cash, journal, ledger, «fee., we find what is termed a ‘ donation-book,’ in which are entered all the donations which arc received, with name of donor, town, &c. — and this in addition to the entry of the same amount in the cash-book. We find also what is called a ‘ legacy-book,’ in which is entered every legacy given to the Board, with the names of testator, executor, town, &c. The foregoing books give a sort of historical sketch of the transactions of the Board, and form a perma­ nent record for future reference. “ The Missionary Herald, published monthly, contains an accurate account of all donations received during a previous month, with the name and place of residence of each donor, which corresponds with the sum entered as received upon the cash-book. This publication goes into the hands of the donors ; and any error in amount, or omission of entry, would readily be discovered and corrected. This is a very important safeguard, which cannot be had in ordinary business transactions ; and this, and other checks adopted by the Board, for the security of its funds, should give assurance to every donor that his gift will reach the treasury of the Board. “ The funds in the treasury, and until they reach their final desti­ nation, are guarded in the same careful manner. No payments are made by the Treasurer, without an appropriation by the Prudential Committee ; and he submits to them, or a sub-committee, on the first of every month, a statement and trial-balance, showing the condition of the Board and the state of the treasury. The receipts and pay­ ments of cash for the month are brought before that Committee, and examined ; and vouchers are required for all disbursements. When they are found correct, the Committee so certify on the books con­ taining the statement. “ This monthly statement and examination keeps the Committee perfectly posted and familiar with the condition and transactions of th'e Board. It brings before them the different missions with which the Treasurer has accounts, and to A v h ich he makes remittances through a banking-house in London. These remittances are made by the express direction of the Committee, and every bill of exchange is purchased under the direction of a sub-committee who have charge of that branch of the business. And the Treasurer can show a written approval of every bill he has ever purchased. “ The same particularity runs through everything connnected with 40 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

the treasury. In case of a falling off in the receipts, so that it is necessary to make a temporary loan, the Prudential Committee has made it necessary for that loan to be approved in writing, by one or more of its members ; and the Treasurer lias no power to bind the Board by his promissory note, without such approval. “ The examination of the Treasurer’s books gives us pleasure and satisfaction ; and we have no improvement to suggest. The financial operations of the Board, and the beautiful yet simple system which has been inaugurated for keeping its accounts, show that it has had the benefit of able and devoted officers.”

Your committee may be allowed to conclude this extended report with the statement of two significant facts, which seem worthy of grateful commemoration. I. The sum total of our receipts, from donations and legacies, in fifty-two years, is $9,103,276, — giving the average annual income of $175,063. It is with the material resources represented by these figures, that the Board has accomplished, by the blessing of God on its labors, those great things for the advancement of the gospel, which are already spoken of throughout the world to the glory of the Savior. II. It does not appear that of this amount, contributed by Christian love and zeal for the foreign missions under our care, one dollar has ever been lost by unfaithfulness, incapacity, or negligence in the finan­ cial management of the Board.

Let us thank God for the past, and take courage for the future.

WILLIAM JESSUP. HOMER BARTLETT. LEONARD BACON. WILLIAM STRONG. JOHN KINGSBURY.

SCHEDULE .A..

EXPENDITURES IN THE HOME WORK.

A s the object o f this Schedule is to show the ordinary cost of the Home W ork, the extraordinary items o f the present year are omitted.

I.—T r e a s u r e r ’ s D e p a r t m e n t . 1852. 1802. Treasurer and clerks’ salary,...... $ 1,130 $ 1,600

II.— Correspondence. Secretary, clerk and c o p y i n g , ...... 1,825 1,625 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 41

HI.—P ublications . 1852. 1862. Missionary Herald, (including editor’s salary,) , . § 3,633 $ 5,579 Annual Report and A b s t r a c t , ...... 889 560 Sermon, Tracts, &c...... 512 1,772 Journal of M i s s i o n s ,...... 2,825 ) DUcontinu),a Youth’s D ayspring, ...... 3,293 5

IY.—O t h e r E x p e n s e s a t t h e M i s s i o n a r y H o u s e . Rent, ...... 650 650 Postage and I n c i d e n t a l s ,...... 498 489

Y.—M i s s i o n a r y R o o m s a t N e w Y o r k . 1854. Salaries, (three-fourths,) 2,775 2,700 Traveling expenses, (estimated for 1854,) . . . 125 140 Rent and other expenses, (three-fourths,) . . . 866 763

YI.—A g e n c i e s . Salaries of Distriet Secretaries, ..... 8,150 6,175 Traveling expenses of Secretaries, .... 2,134 1,192 Office rent of Secretaries and incidentals, . . . 296 193 Traveling expenses of o t h e r s , ...... 1,302 610 Cincinnati agency, (Dr. Weed and rent,) . . . 300

VII.— M iscellanies . Expenses of the May Meetings, ..... 85 99 Do. do. Annual Meeting, .... 147

$ 31,288 $ 24,294 Deduct amount received from Fund for Officers, also part of the rent, provided for by the permanent funds, 2,080 1,900

Making the amount taken from donations and legacies, $ 29,208 $ 22,394

SCHEDULE IB.

EXPENDITURES IN THE FOREIGN WORK.

I.— T r e a s u r e r ’ s D e p a r t m e n t . 1852. 1862. Treasurer’s and Clerks’ salaries, in part, $ 1,820 $ 3,117 Cost of purchasing and sending supplies, 800 1,000

1 3 .— C orrespondence . One salary, (Dr. Anderson’s , ) ...... 1,700 2,000 Clerk and c o p y i n g , ...... 600 1,363 Part salary of Mr. Treat, (Indian missions,) 750 300 New York agency expenses, (one fourth,) 1,213 1,164

m . — Other E xpenses at the M issionaky H ouse.

R e n t , ...... 1,150 1,150 Postage and i n c i d e n t a l s ,...... 895 466 Purchase and preservation of books and periodicals, . 333 156 * 42 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

IY.—Prudential Committee. 1852. 1862. Expenses of New York members, . . . . $ 143

$9,261 $ 10,849 Deduct the amount received from the fund for officers, also the rent, as in Schedule A , .... 2,460 2,280

$ 6,801 $ 8.569 Y.—T he M issions.* 1. Greece, ...... 1,200 1,500

2. Turkish Empire : Support of Missionaries, ..... 28,883 43,955 Native Agency, ...... 7,916 15,716 Training Schools, ...... 3,450 4,473 Female Boarding Schools, ..... 2,835 2,099 Common S ch o o ls,...... 2,520 4,946 Publications,...... 3,490 o,530 Rent and R epairs,...... 1,576 3,941 Tours of Missionaries...... 970 3,797 P o s t a g e , ...... 1,245 1,132 Attendance at the Annual Meetings, 815 1,485 Secular A g e n t , ...... 320 Miscellanies...... 1,186 619 Loss on exchange, ( l o c a l , ) ...... 2,067 8,205

T o t a l , ...... $ 56,953 $ 96,218

3. Persia: Support of M i s s i o n a r i e s ,...... 5,000 5,600 Native Agency...... 1,004 3,445 Training School, ...... 1,266 750 Female Boarding S c h o o l , ...... 1,053 550 Common Schools, ...... 1,925 400 Publications, ...... 429 300 R e p a i r s , ...... 40 Tours of M issionaries,...... 400 225 Postage, ...... 270 75 Miscellanies, ...... 325 335 Loss on Exchange, ( l o c a l ,) ...... 202 1,227

f Total...... $ 11,874 $ 12,947

4. British India : Western India. Support of M issionaries,...... 7,245 8,861 Native A g e n c y , ...... 2,031 3,952 Training School...... 523 Boarding School...... 572 262 Common Schools, ...... 1,729 932

* It 'would be very difficult to complete this schedule upon the basis of the actual expendi­ tures. For this reason, the items which follow, No. 1 to No. 8, have been taken from the appropriations for 1852 and 1862. No. 9, (General Items,) represents the actual expenditure, t-The expenses of this mission, for 1862, were under-estimated.. 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 43

1852. 1862. Publications, ...... $ 900 $ 825 Building, Rent, Repairs, .... 1,046 2,312 Tours of Missionaries, ..... 667 1,937 P o s t a g e , ...... 13 Attendance at Annual Meeting, 113 Miscellanies...... 363 Loss on Exchange, (local,) .... 150

Total, ...... $ 14,510 $ 20,243

Southern India. Support of Missionaries, .... 21,813 19,825 Native A g e n c y , ...... 6,684 8,735 Training Schools, ...... 4,245 1,984 Female Boarding Schools, .... 2,550 1,974 Common Schools...... 5,585 4,162 Publications,...... 436 950 Buildings and Repairs, ..... 4,450 3,923 Tours of M issionaries,...... 3,860 2,228 P o s t a g e , ...... 173 Miscellanies...... 1,900 887 Loss on Exchange, (local,) .... 1,187 ------T o t a l , ...... $ 51,523 $ 46,028

Total in British India, .... $ 66,033 $ 66,271

China : Support of Missionaries, .... 6,800 8,147 Native Agency, ...... 1,426 1,664 Female Boarding Schools, .... 6Ò0 700 Common Schools,...... 705 96 Publications, ...... 175 200 Buildings and R epairs,...... 2,462 1,695 Tours of Missionaries, . . . . . 600 Miscellanies,...... 660 570 Loss on Exchange, ..... 3,646

T o t a l , ...... $ 12,878 $ 17,318

Africa : Western Africa. Support of Missionaries, .... 2,300 1,300 Native Agency, ...... 600 200 Training Schools, ...... 350 Common Schools...... 25 Publications,...... 150 Buildings and R epairs,...... 500 125 Tours of Missionaries, ..... 100 Miscellanies, ...... 200 150

T o t a l , ...... $ 2,250 44 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOAED. [Report,

Southern Africa. 1862. 1862. Support of Missionaries, ..... $ 9,480 $ 10,995 Native Agency, ...... 125 Common Schools...... 360 Publications, ...... 375 250 B u i l d i n g s ,...... 1,925

T o t a l , ...... $ 11,905 $ 11,605

Total in Africa, ...... $ 15,655 i$ì 13,8óo

The Pacific: Sandwich Islands. Support of M i s s i o n a r i e s ,...... 11,447 11,500 Training School, ...... 1,000 1,000 Publications, ...... 500 Building and R e p a ir s ,...... 2,000 700 Attendance at Annual Meeting, .... 500 400 Miscellanies, ...... 500

T o t a l , ...... $ 15,447 $ 14,100

Micronesia. Appropriated for the expenses of the Mission,— including $4,000 for the expenses of the “ Morn­ ing Star,” ...... $ 7,400

Total in the P a c ific ,...... $ 15,447 $ 21,500

North American Indians: Support of M i s s i o n a r i e s ,...... 15,201 3,325 Boys’ Boarding S c h o o l s , ...... 700 1,275 Girls’ Boarding S c h o o l s , ...... 1,521 1,350 Common Schools...... 2,590 400 Native A g e n c y , ...... 2,610 800 Publications, ...... 1,450 Buildings and R epairs,...... 2,100 650 Miscellanies,...... 175 25

T o t a l , ...... $ 26,347 $ 7,825

General Items. Cost of E x c h a n g e , ...... 16,770 24,178 Homeward Voyages of Missionaries paid in this country, ...... 650 1,487 Expenses of Returned Missionaries in this country, 6,883 9,081 Refits and Passages of Missionaries returning to their M is s io n s ,...... 2,496 2,807 Outfits and Outward Passages of New Mission­ aries, ...... 15,144 3,454

Total, $ 41,943 $ 41,007 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 45

VI. —Recapitulation of Expenditures in the Foreign W o r k . 1S52. 1862. Expenditures, No. I, No. II, N o. I ll, No. IV, $ 6,801 $ 8,569 Support of M is s io n a r ie s ,...... 109,369 118,008 Native Agency,* ...... 22,396 34,512 Training S c h o o l s , f ...... 10,661 10,355 Female Boarding Schools, ..... 9,181 6,985 Common S c h o o l s , ...... 15,054 11,321 Publications, ...... 7,405 8,855 Building, Rent, R e p a i r s , ...... 16,059 13,386 Tours of Missionaries, J ..... 5,897 8,887 P o s t a g e s , ...... 1,515 1,393 Annual Meetings, ...... 1,315 1,998 Secular Agent...... 320 Loss on Exchange, (local,) ..... 2,269 14,415 Miscellanies,...... 5,266 3,049 Cost of ‘ Morning Star,’ ...... 4,000 General Items, ...... 41,943 41,007

Total,...... $ 255,131 $ 287,060

* Mere schoolmasters are, of course, not included ; but a few natives are, who are employed as teachers of missionaries in the languages of the natives, etc. f The first column includes a number of boarding schools for small boys. I A comparatively small portion o f these items is for health-tours for missionaries.

It lias been already stated, that most of the items in this table are taken from the Appro­ priations, made for 1852 and 1862. As, however, the appropriation year (commencing with January) differs from the financial year, the totals mentioned above (in Schedules A and B,) do not agree with the statement of expenditures which is to be found in the Annual Reports for 1852 and 1862. In the one case, these totals exceed the expenditures, because the appro­ priations for 1852 exceeded those of 1851; in the other, they fall below the expenditures, because the appropriations for 1862 fell below those of 1861.

A marked discrepancy will be noticed between the Treasurer't exhibit of the cost of certain missions, and the totals relating to the same missions, which are found above. The fact is explained (1) by the irregularity of the remittances which have been made within the last few months, (2) by the placing of the loss on exchange among the General Items, (No. 9,) instead of distributing it among the missions, and (3) by the difference between the appropriation year and the financial year.

The business committee, through their chairman, Dr. Bacon, reported the following

MINUTE Concerning the Present Rebellion and Civil War, as affecting the Interests o f Foreign Missions. This Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, at its last annual meeting, recorded its sympathy in the struggle of our National Government with rebellion, and its “ prayer to the God of nations, so to overrule the conflict that the rebellion may be crushed; slavery, its prime cause, removed; and that peace, prosperity and righteousness may be permanently established throughout our land.” 46 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOAED. [Report,

Again assembled for the annual review of our work, in its progress and in its hindrances, we are compelled to recognize again the rela­ tions between the great enterprise of Christian benevolence with which we are intrusted, and the conflict of our country with a huge and des­ perate rebellion. We are reminded that wherever our missionaries labor, their personal safety, their liberty to pursue their work, and their privilege of standing unawed before the rulers of barbarous nations, are partly dependent, under the providence of God, on the fact that they are citizens of the United States, protected in all parts of the earth by the imperial power of the Great Republic ; and we are compelled to see that what this rebellion aims at, — the division of our country among two or more mutually independent confedera­ cies, weak in themselves, and jealous and hostile toward each other,— Avould weaken the hands of American missionaries in every part of the world. W e are reminded, too, that the entire moral influence of the American churches upon the world is far more powerful and benefi­ cent for the fact that they are the churches of a great, united, sove­ reign and self-governed people. Therefore it is impossible for us to entertain a thought of any termination of this war otherwise than in the perfect restoration of the Union under the Constitution, which, by the favor of God, has made this nation heretofore so great and pros­ perous in its freedom. W e record again our loyal sympathy with the President of the United States, in the struggle to vindicate and main­ tain “ the Supreme Law of the Land,” according to his inaugural oath ; and our confidence that, according to his proclaimed intention, he will not fail to employ for that purpose, against the enemies of the United States, all those powers with which he is invested by the Con­ stitution of the United States, and all those means of subjugation which are warranted by the law of nations and by the law of God. And with our renewed prayer to the God whose displeasure at the wickedness which fills the earth with violence and oppression all history has testified, and who so often wrought deliverance for our fathers in their perils, we record our grateful confidence that the rebellion will be crushed, that slavery, its prime cause, will be removed, and that peace, prosperity and righteousness will be permanently established in our land.

This Minute was adopted by the Board.

LETTERS FROM ABSENT MEMBERS. Letters were communicated from several corporate members of the Board, viz : Rev. Drs. William Allen, B. Tappan, E. Pond, E. W . Hooker, Baxter Dickinson, J. B. Condit, Joel Parker, and 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 47

J. F. Stearns, severally expressing their unabated interest in the Board and its objects, and their regret at not being able to be present at the meeting. The letter from the venerable Dr. Allen, one of the oldest corporate members, was as follows, dated Octo­ ber 9:

However desirous of being present in Springfield, at your closing session and farewell meeting to-morrow morning, yet, not being able to attend, perhaps, as the oldest member of the American Board belonging to Massachusetts, I may be allowed to bid you, with my pen, an affectionate farewell. When I met with my brethren of the Board forty-one years ago, at Springfield, we were a small assembly, all of whom but two are now in their graves. But great praise is due to the grace and goodness of God to that little company, in giving them wisdom to pass a vote, whose influence in advancing the interests of the missionary cause, down from 1821 to the present time, has been of unmeasured import­ ance. That small band of twelve persons, now almost extinct, passed a vote which, in the providence of God, has been the means of bring­ ing into the treasury of the Board the large sum of twelve hundred thousand dollars. I refer to the institution of Honorary Membership, on condition of the payment of fifty dollars by a minister, and one hundred dollars by a layman. The number of such members has now reached to 14,000, and the payments from the two classes have probably amounted to the sum of one million and two hundred thou­ sand dollars. But still more important than the money, is, perhaps, what was associated with the gift, — namely, the confident faith in the truth and promise of God, and the fervent spirit of prayer thus enkindled. Behold, what God has done by our missions in the distant parts of the world ! But, dear brethren, go on in the path of liberal charity, and strong iaith, and earnest prayer; and an incomparably greater work will God accomplish. For not only will be completed what is foretold of the Lamb on Mount Zion, with the hundred and forty and four thousand, redeemed from among men, — the first fruits unto God and the Lamb ; but also, what is foretold of the “ angel flying in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting Gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people.” My brethren! six of your company, of the corporate Board, with whom, for many years, I have been associated in our labors, have died within the past year : then go on, with unslacked and new zeal, in the good work to which God invites you, till you too shall be called to your reward in “ the General Assembly and Church of the First­ born, whose names are written in Heaven.” 48 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

NEW MEMBERS AND OFFICERS. The following persons were appointed a committee on new members and officers, viz: Rev. T. A. Mills, Hon. Linus Child, Dr. Palmer, Rev. Joseph Steele, Dr. Aaron Warner, E. Alden, M. D., and Dr. Sweetser. They reported, recommending for election as new members :

Rev. Alvan Tobey, Durham, N. H. Edward Spalding, M. D., Nashua, N. H. Abner Kingman, Esq., Boston, Mass. Hon. William Hyde, Ware, Mass. Calvin Day, Esq., Hartford, Ct. James B. Shaw, D. D., Rochester, N. Y . Rev. John G. Atterbury, New Albany, Ind.

These persons were elected. For officers of the Board, the committee recommended the fol­ lowing persons, who were chosen accordingly, for the ensuing year.

M a r k H o p k i n s , D. D., LL. D., President. Hon. W i l l i a m J e s s u p , LL. D., Vice President.

C h a r l e s S t o d d a r d , Esq. J o h n T a p p a n , E s q . N e h e m i a h A d a m s , D. D. A u g u s t u s C . T h o m p s o n , D . D . Hon. W i l l i a m T. E u s t i s ,

H o n . J o h n A i k e n , v, Prudential Committee. H e n r y H i l l , L s q . A s a D. S m i t h , D. D. W alter S. Griffith, Esq. A l p h e u s H a r d y , Esq. Hon. L i n u s C h i l d , W i l l i a m S. S o u t h w o r t h , Esq. j Rev "Ie ijThT T rea t ^ | Corresponding Secretaries.

G e o r g e W . W o o d , D . D ., Corresponding Sec’ry, resident in New York. S a m u e l M. W o r c e s t e r , D. D., Recording Secretary. J a m e s M. G o r d o n , Esq., Treasurer.

M o s e s L . H a l e , Esq. \ a ... Hon. Samuel H. W alley, \ Audltors-

PLACE AND PREACHER FOR NEXT MEETING. A committee was appointed on the place and preacher for the next annual meeting, consisting of Dr. Bouton, Judge Samuel Miller, Rev. E. Y . Swift, Dr. W . H. Bidwell, Rev. N. H. Eggleston, Rev. F. Williams, and Rev. E. L. Boing. 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 49

They recommended that the meeting be held at Rochester, N. Y ., in the church of the Rev. Dr. Shaw, and that Dr. E. L. Cleaveland, of New Haven, Conn., be the preacher, and Dr. Calvin Pease, of Rochester, his substitute. These recommenda­ tions were adopted.

RESOLUTIONS.

Most of the session on Wednesday afternoon, and a portion of that on Thursday morning, were occupied with the consideration of the following series of Resolutions, in connection with which earnest and able addresses were made by several secretaries, mis­ sionaries, and members of the Board. The Resolutions were all adopted.

Resolved, That we humbly and gratefully recognize the good hand of our God upon us, during the past year, in saving our missions from disastrous curtailment and our finances from serious perplexity ; so that, pending a civil war of gigantic and ever growing dimensions, by placing unexpected gains in one quarter against unexpected losses in another, he has taught us how easy it is for him, according to hie own good pleasure, to “ open rivers in high places and fountains in the midst of the valleys.” Resolved, That in the deliverance of our missionaries among the Dakotas from a death which seemed so imminent, we find new occa­ sion for thankfulness to Him who is the dwelling-place of his people in all generations ; and our joy is heightened by the fact, that those who befriended them (with so many others) had been turned from their native ferocity by that gospel o f peace and love which we have sent them. Resolved, That the signal bereavements which have befallen our missionaries within the past year,— the ripest experience and the largest attainments lost in a moment, the bright promise of early manhood extinguished by the hand of violence, woman torn away from her ministry of love almost before it was begun,— demand a faithful questioning of our aims, our patience and our faith, with earnest supplications in behalf of those who are bearing this burden of sorrow, that their abundant profiting may appear in all their future labors. Resolved, That the recent weakening of our missionary force, by reason of saddening providences on the one hand, and scanty rein­ forcements on the other, calls for the immediate concern of the churches, inasmuch as it is clearly unjust to those who are already in the field, (to say nothing of the hazards of the work,) to leave them 5 50 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. [Report,

with, increased responsibilities and diminished strength, and cannot be well-pleasing to Him who claims our sons and our daughters, our silver and our gold, as all his own. Resolved, That to this end we earnestly appeal to the patrons of the Board to give of their substance with unabated cheerfulness and lib­ erality, carefully scrutinizing every temptation to omit or lessen their offerings, in the full conviction that as Christ is Head over all things to the Church, so the interests of his kingdom take the precedency of all others.

Dr. Bacon, from the business committee, reported the following Resolution, which was adopted: Resolved, That in view of the increased cost of remitting moneys for the support of the missions, and the very urgent calls from our different fields, for speedy and strong reinforcements, the Prudential Committee are hereby instructed to appeal to the friends of the Board, at an early day, to contribute at least $450,000, for expenditures during the current year.

Resolutions of thanks were adopted, as follows: Resolved, That the thanks of the Board be given to Rev. Dr. Henry Smith, for his sermon on Tuesday evening, and that a copy be requested for publication. Resolved, That the thanks of the Board be given to the good people of Springfield and the neighboring towns, for their Christian hospi­ tality and kindness to the members and friends of the Board, who have in such large numbers attended this meeting : Also— to the gentlemen who have acted on the various committees of arrangements, for their laborious and successful efforts to promote the convenience of a ll: Also— to the various churches and religious societies of different denominations in this city, for the use of their several houses of worship and lecture-rooms, for public services and lodging-places; and to the city government, for the use of the City Hall, in which the business meetings of the Board have been held : Also— to the numerous railroad and steamboat companies through­ out the country, for free return tickets to those who have come from abroad to attend the meeting.

The following Resolution, presented by Hon. John Aiken, was also adopted: Resolved, That the Report presented to the Board by the Prudential Committee, and duly examined and approved by the committees to 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 51 whom the several parts thereof have been submitted, be the Annual Report of the Board for the past year, and published as such, under the direction of the Prudential Committee.

DEVOTIONAL SERVICES.

As usual, the several sessions of the meeting were opened with prayer. The assembly was led, in addressing the throne of grace, successively, by Dr. Tucker, Dr. Asa D. Smith, Dr. Silas Aiken, Dr. Hawes, Dr. Thurston and Dr. Riddle; and on different occa­ sions united in songs of praise. Morning prayer meetings were held at half-past eight o’clock, on Wednesday morning, in the North and the South Congregational churches, and on Thursday morning, in these two, and also in the First church. These meet­ ings, very largely attended, were of much interest. The annual sermon, on Tuesday evening, was delivered by Dr. Henry Smith, of Buffalo, N. Y ., from John xvii. 20, 21: “ Neither pray I for these alone; but for them also which shall believe on me through their word: that they all may be one; as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in u s; that the world may believe that thou hast sent me.” Dr. Asa D. Smith, of New York, offered the prayer before the sermon. On Thursday afternoon the Lord’s supper was administered to an unusually large number of communicants, (probably not far from 3,000,) in three churches, — the First, the South, and the North Congregational. The services were conducted in the First church by Dr. Hopkins, Rev. Albert Barnes, Dr. G. E. Adams, Rev. T. S. Ward, and Dr. Ray Palmer; at the South church by Dr. Dwight, Dr. William Adams, Dr. B. C. Taylor, Dr. Bouton, and Dr. Dutton; and at the North church by Dr. Sweetser, Dr. Hawes, Rev. Mr. Cliff, and Dr. Boardman. Though three churches, accommodating so many, were open, several hundred persons unable to find room in either, assembled at the City Hall, and organized a meeting for religious conference and prayer. The business of the meeting was finished at about ten o’clock, Friday morning, after which an hour was spent in devotional and other parting services. Impressive addresses were made by Mr. Munger, of the Mahratta, and Mr. Lindley, of the Zulu mission, who were expecting soon to return to their respective fields. Dr. Hopkins, the President, in behalf of the Board, expressed grateful acknowledgments to the people of Springfield and the vicinity, for 52 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOAKD. [Report, that generous hospitality which had been so largely tested, and to the members of committees, who had freely performed most ardu­ ous labors, in making and carrying out arrangements for the meet­ ing ; and Rev. Mr. Buckingham, chairman of the committee of arrangements, responded in a very appropriate manner, in behalf of that committee and the people. The usual parting hymn was sung— “ Blest be the tie that binds,” when Dr. Taylor, of New Jersey, offered prayer and pronounced the benediction.

ADJOURNMENT. At about eleven o’clock the Board adjourned, to meet at Roches­ ter, N. Y ., on the first Tuesday of October, 1863, at 4 o’clock, P. M.

In view of the condition of our country, and the absorbing interest which has been long felt, by all classes of the community, in the unwonted efforts to which we are called for the preservation of our cherished institutions, and the overthrow of a most unright­ eous rebellion, it might reasonably have been expected, that the number of persons who would gather at the meeting of a Foreign Missionary Society would be much smaller than usual. It is, therefore, a fact of cheering interest, that very few of the annual meetings of the American Board have brought together as many of the friends of Christ and his cause, as were gathered at Spring­ field. The names of 86 corporate and 464 honorary members were handed to the Secretary. The City Hall, a very spacious, commodious and pleasant room, but one in which it was not easy for speakers to make themselves generally heard, was selected as the place of meeting, in the expectation that no church in the city would be sufficiently large ; and at the first business meeting, on Tuesday afternoon, it was apparent that the hall would overflow. It was crowded in the evening, probably near 3,000 persons being present to hear the sermon; and on Wednesday morning it became necessary to open the First Congregational church, where meet­ ings were held continuously, at the time of the business meetings, during Wednesday and Thursday, addressed by returned mis­ 1862.] ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. 53 sionaries and others. And as, on Thursday afternoon, the three churches opened would not accommodate the numbers who gath­ ered to commemorate a Savior’s death, so also on that (Thursday) evening, when meetings for addresses were appointed at the First, the South, and the North Congregational churches, a fourth meet­ ing was extemporized at the City Hall, and largely attended. Not far from 1,500 guests were provided for through the reception committee; it was supposed that at least 1,200 others were enter­ tained by friends and at hotels, without the aid of that committee; and large numbers were in attendance daily, not from the city only, but from the vicinity, who lodged in their own houses. Gratu­ itous railroad return tickets, to those who had been at the meetings, were issued to the number of 3,000; and the whole number attending this meeting of the Board, it was supposed, could not be less than 5,000. Under the circumstances, this cannot but be regarded as a very promising indication of interest in the mission­ ary work. The extreme heat of Wednesday and Thursday occasioned dis­ comfort, and served to diminish the interest and lessen the value of such a gathering, yet all felt that it was good to be there. Some of the meetings, especially that of Thursday forenoon and the closing part of that on Friday, were of a very high order. Convictions were produced and emotions enkindled, not all of which will be “ as the morning cloud and as the early dew.” Some, at least, will abide, and bring forth fruit. The officers, members, and friends of the Board, as they have returned to their work in its behalf for another year, may well be animated by the recollection that there was, at Springfield, no note of alarm; no foreboding of evil; no call for still further retrenchment; but rather a trustful and hope­ ful looking for future prosperity, and a manifested readiness cheer­ fully to meet, even at such a time, the providential call for increased contributions. PREACHERS AND PLACES OF MEETING. Year. Place o f Meeting. Preacher. Text. 1810. Farmington. No sermon. 1811. Worcester. H 1812. Hartford. << 1813. Boston. "Timothy Dwight, D. D. John 10 : 16. 1814. New Haven. * James Hichards, D. D. Ephes. 3 : 8. 1815. Salem. * Calvin Chapin, D. D. Ps. 96 : 10. 1816. Hartford. ‘ Henry Davis, D. D. Ps. 119 : 96. 1817. Northampton. •Jesse Appleton, D. D. 1 Cor. 1 : 21. 1818. New Haven. “Samuel Spring, D. D. Acts 8 : 30, 31. 1819. Boston. "Joseph Lyman, D. D. Isaiah 58 : 12. 1820. Hartford. Eliphalet Nott, D. D. Mark 16 : 15. 1821. Springfield. "Jedidiah Morse, D. D. Ps. 2 : 8. 1822. New Haven. "Alexander Proudfit, D. D. Mal. 1 : 11. 1823. Boston. Jeremiah Day, D. D. Neh. 6 : 3. 1824. Hartford. *Samuel Austin, D. D. Gal. 1 : 15, 16. 1825. Northampton. "Joshua Bates, D. D. John 8 : 32. 1826. Middletown. "Edward D. Griffin, D. D. Matt. 28 : 18, 20. 1827. New York. Lyman Beecher, D. D. Luke 11 : 21, Rev. &c. 1828. Philadelphia. •John H. Rice, D. D. 2 Cor. 10 : 4. 1829. Albany. "Archibald Alexander, D. D. Acts 11 : 18. 1830. Boston. Thomas DeWitt, D. D. Matt. 9 : 37, 38. 1831. New Haven. "Leonard Woods, D. D. Isaiah 62 : 1, 2. 1832. New York. William Allen, D. D. John 8 : 36. 1833. Philadelphia. "William Murray, D. D. 2 Cor. 10 : 4. 1834. Utica. Gardiner Spring, D. D. Matt. 10 : 6. 1835. Baltimore. "Samuel Miller, D. D. Numb. 14 : 21. 1836. Hartford. "John Codman, D. D. Matt. 10 : 8. 1837. Newark. John McDowall, D. D. Acts 4 : 12. 1838. Portland. Heman Humphrey, D. D. Ps. 102 : 13-16. 1839. Troy. "Thomas McAuley, D. D. Isaiah 1 1 :9 . 1840. Providence. Nathan S. S. Beman, D. D. Ps. 72 : 17. 1841. Philadelphia. * Justin Edwards, D. D. Zech. 4 : 6. 1842. Norwich. William R. DeWitt, D. D. 2 Cor. 5 : 14. 1843. Rochester. Thomas H. Skinner, D. D. Phil. 3 : 13. 1844: Worcester. Rev. Albert Barnes. Luke 14 : 28-32. 1845. Brooklyn. Mark Hopkins, D. D. Ps. 55 : 22. 1846. New Haven. Joel Hawes, D. D. 1 Sam. 7 : 12. 1847. Buffalo. David Magie, D. D. Isaiah 33 : 15. 1848. Boston. Isaac Perris, D. D. Matt. 6 : 10. 1849. Pittsfield. Samuel H . Cox, D. D. Dan. 7 : 27. 1850. Oswego. Richard S. Storrs, D. D. 1 Cor. 15 : 58. 1851. Portland. David H. Riddle, D. D. Isaiah i l : 14, 15. 1852. Troy. Leonard Bacon, D. D. 2 Cor. 5 : 7. 1853. Cincinnati. William Adams, D. D. Matt. 13 : 38. 1854. Hartford. Charles White, D. D. Matt. 6 : 10. 1855. Utica. Nehemiah Adams, D. D. Gal. 2 : 20. 1856. Newark. George W . Bethune, D. D. 1 Tim. 1 : 15. 1857. Providence. M. La Rue P. Thompson, D .D . Matt 28 : 20. 1858. Detroit. George Shepard, D. D. Luke 11:41. 1859. Philadelphia. Robert W . Patterson, D . D. Matt. 13:33. 1860. Boston. Samuel W . Fisher, D. D. Isa. 45 : 1— 6. 43 : 21. 1861. Cleveland. Richard S. Storrs, Jr., D. D. 1 Cor. 1 : 28. 1862. Springfield. Henry Smith, D . D . John 17: 20, 21. B E P 0 B T

OF THE

PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE.

HOME DEPABTMENT.

OBITUARY NOTICES.

T h e names o f eight Corporate Members are now to be transferred to the list of those who were once with us, but have received a final discharge from their earthly service, to w it: Theodore Frelinghuysen. LL. D., elected in 1826, and Thomas S. Williams, LL. D., elected in 1836, the former having been President o f the Board for sixteen years, the latter having been its Yice President during the same period, each worthy to be the friend and associate of the other; Thomas McAuley, D. D., elected in 1826 ; John Wheeler, D. I)., elected in 1838 ; Thomas Snell, D. D., elected in 1838 ; Horace Holden, Esq., elected in 1842; Charles White, D. D., elected in 1842; Hon. William Pennington, elected in 1860.

MISSIONARIES SENT FORTH. Since the last annual meeting, only six persons have entered upon the missionary work for the first time, to w it: Rev. Charles H. Lloyd and Mrs. Catharine C. Lloyd, of the Zulu mission ; Rev. Charles A. Stanley and Mrs. Ursula Stanley, of the North China mission; Miss Arabella L. Babcock, o f the Eastern Tur­ key mission; Mrs. Margaret P. Green, of the Ceylon mission. The following persons, after a sojourn in this country more or less protracted, have embarked to join the missions in con­ nection with which they had previously labored, to w it: Rev. David Rood and Mrs. Alvira Y. Rood, of the Zulu mission; Rev. Fayette Jewett, M. D., and Mrs. Mary Ann Jewett, of the Eastern Turkey mission; Mr. GeOrge C. Hurter, Rev. William Bird and Mrs. Sarah F. Bird, o f the Syria mission; Rev. William W . Howland, Mrs. Susan R. Howland, and Samuel F. Green, M. D., o f the Ceylon mission; Rev. Justin Perkins, D. D., o f the JSestorian mission. Eleven young men, graduates o f our theological seminaries, are under appointment as missionaries, some o f whom expect 56 HOME DEPARTMENT. [Report, to proceed, at an early day, to the posts which have been assigned to them. Seven female missionaries have also received appointments.

AGENCIES. In November last, the Prudential Committee requested Rev. Jonathan L. Jenkins, pastor of the First church in Lowell, Massachusetts, to accept the office o f District Secretary for Southern New England. Having duly considered the ques­ tion, he felt constrained to enter upon the service which was proffered to him ; which he did on the 1st o f February, 1862. No one has been appointed to the place which Dr. Cannon has filled for so many years ; the Rev. D. Lindley, of the Zulu mission, has acted, therefore, by the request of the Committee, as District Secretary in Central and Western New York. Ohio, Indiana, and Southern Illinois, have remained in charge of Rev. N. L. Lord, M. D., of the Ceylon mission, who has resided during most of the year in Cincinnati. In the other districts, no change has occurred. The present arrangement o f the districts, with the address of the District Secretaries, will appear from the table which is subjoined:

DISTRICTS. DISTRICT SECRETARIES.

N o r t h e r n N e w E n g l a n d : Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, Rev. 'W illiam W arren, Gorham, Me. S o u t h e r n N e w E n g l a n d : Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island,Rev. J. L. Jenkins, Missionary House, Boston. N e w Y o r k C i t y : New York city, Long Island, Eastern N. York, and East J e r s e y ,...... [The care of this district is among the dutieB devolving on M r . W o o d . ] C e n t r a l a n d 'W e s t e r n N e w Y o r k : .

P hiladelphia : Pennsylvania, West Jersey, Delaware, Mary­ land, and District of Columbia, . . . Rev. John M cLbod, Philadelphia. O h i o a n d I n d i a n a : Ohio, Indiana, and Southern Illinois, . . In charge of Rev. N. L. L o r d , Cincinnati, Ohio. N o r t h -W e s t e r n D i s t r i c t : Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michi­ gan, and Northern Illinois, .... Rev. Calvin C lare, Chicago, 111.

A large number of missionary conventions have been held, especially in New York, Ohio and Indiana. The addresses o f brethren who were able to speak as eye-witnesses of the work which the God of missions is doing in heathen lands, have seemed to quicken the sympathies o f many among the followers of Christ, and deepen their interest in the enlargement o f his kingdom. PUBLICATIONS. In the year under review, there have been published of the Herald, 180,800 copies, making a monthly average of 15,000 copies; of the Journal of Missions and Youth’s Dayspring (four months), 193,750 copies, a monthly average of 48,462 copies; 1862.] HOME DEPARTMENT. 57 of the Annual Report, 4,000 copies ; of the Abstract of the Report, 750 copies ; of the Annual Sermon, 3,000 copies; of the Historical Sketch of the Armenian Missions, 5,000 copies; do. of the Nestorian and Assyrian Missions, 5,000 copies ; do. of the Syria Mission, 4,000 copies ; Dr. Nevins’s Tracts, 40,000 copies ; Letter to Dr. Candlish, 5,000 copies ; “ The American Board and its Reviewers,” 371 copies ; Editor’s Letter to Chil­ dren, 10,300 copies ; Dr. Peabody’s Review, 2,025 copies.

TURKISH MISSIONS AID SOCIETY. The assistance afforded by the Turkish Missions Aid Society, in carrying forward the operations o f the Board in Western Asia, demands our most explicit and thankful acknowledg­ ments. Its ordinary receipts have amounted to £3,254 17s. 6c?. Of this sum, it has remitted £1,221 to the Western Turkey mission, £100 to the Eastern Turkey mission, £108 10s. to the Central Turkey mission, £100 to the Syria mission, £100 to the Nestorian mission. It has also sent £250 to the seminaries at Bebek, Kharpoot, Aintab, Abeih and Oroomiah, making a total of £1,879 10s., which, though not disbursed under the supervision o f the Prudential Committee, has proved of essential service to the work which our brethren are doing in that part of the world. In addition to the sums just mentioned, £1,500 have been remitted to the same missions from the American Crisis Fund, thereby relieving, to this extent, the treasury of the Board. The generous friend with whom this fund originated, and who subscribed £10 0 towards it, (besides increasing the ordinary income o f the Turkish Missions Aid Society by a donation of £100,) had already sent £600 to the Missionary House. He has given, therefore, £800 for the support of our missions, within the past year! The last Annual Report of the Turkish Missions Aid Society contains a table, which shows that it has expended, for the furtherance o f our operations in Western Asia, the following sums:

In the year 1854-5, £1,121 7s. 6d. “ “ 1855-6, 1,253 7 6 “ “ 1856-7, 1,757 18 0 “ 1857-8, 2,166 0 0 “ 1858-9, 2,270 0 0 “ “ 1859-60, 2,740 0 0 “ “ 1860-1, 2,118 8 6 “ “ 1861-2, 3,429 10 0

£16,856 11s. 6d. 58 HOME DEPARTMENT. [Report,

It thus appears that the disbursements of this Society, in aid of our missions, have been more than $80,000. The Com­ mittee would respectfully inquire, whether the Board should not embody, in a formal vote of thanks, their grateful appre­ ciation of the fraternal sympathy and unprompted liberality o f these “ fellow-workers unto the kingdom o f God.”

OTHER CO-OPERATING SOCIETIES. The Treasurer has transmitted to the different missions, in aid of what they are doing by means of the press, the follow­ ing sums, to w it :— from the American Bible Society, $800 ; from the American Tract Society at New York, $2,400.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. The last financial year embraced twelve months of civil war. In this respect, it has differed from all other years in our history. More than this. It has seen the conflict which we are waging for our national existence, assuming, all the while, new and vaster proportions. It has closed, moreover, in the presence of a public indebtedness, which we should not have dared to con­ template as possible, a few months ago, and which proclaims itself the forerunner of still heavier burdens. But God, “ who is rich in mercy,” has kept the treasury of the Board, during all this period, unusually free from embar­ rassment. There have been many fears, indeed; but in his own wonderful methods he has dispelled them all. To-day, therefore, with deeper emotions than we have ever experienced, we may say, “ Hitherto hath the Lord helped us.” Of Him and through Him have we received this great deliverance. T o Him our thanks are due. The year opened with a debt of $27,885.54 ; it closed with a debt of $11,103.62, showing a reduction of $16,781.92. The question will arise at once, “ H ow has this result been secured ? ” Not by an increase o f donations. On the contrary, even with the aid of $14,901.82 from our mission churches and friends in foreign lands, they have not fallen so low at any time within the last eleven years. But He who is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working, has provided for this deficiency, (1,) by making the income from legacies larger than it has ever been before ; (2,) by placing at the disposal o f the Treasurer $10,000, received as indemnity for losses sustained at Canton. On the other hand, (I,) he has inclined our British friends, as well in the father-land as India, to contribute (beyond the sums ac­ knowledged in the Herald) for the lessening of our expenses; (2,) he has enabled the missionaries, with a promptitude and cheerfulness which deserve the highest commendation, to effect 1862.] HOME DEPARTMENT. 59 retrenchments which, a short time since, they would have hardly supposed possible, and which in some cases, it may be feared, have proved detrimental to the interests which they have in charge. Still another reason for this diminished indebtedness is to be found in the small number of laborers who have joined the missions. The entire income o f the Board is as follow s:— from dona­ tions, as acknowledged in the Herald, $247,488.22 ; from lega­ cies, $73,225.85 ; from jother sources, $18,366.49 ; making a total of $339,080.56. The Treasurer has expended $322,298.64. This amount, however, does not represent the entire disburse­ ments, inasmuch as considerable sums have been received by the missions, as already intimated, which have not passed through his hands.

THE FUTURE. In conclusion, the Committee feel constrained to call the attention of the Board to two facts :— 1. The donations from our patrons in the United States, as compared with those of the previous year, have receded $41,360.39. Surely, it is not wise to assume that we shall receive as much from other sources during the year to come, as we have received the past year. Hence, to keep our finances in that condition which is so desirable in times like the present, our churches will need to raise their contributions above the lower level to which they have now fallen. 2. Provision should be made for additional expenditures grow­ ing out of the necessity of speedy reinforcements. In the last two years, we have sent only five new (ordained) missionaries into all our fields. During the two years previous, we sent twenty-two. If we take into the account the unusual number of deaths which have recently occurred, we shall easily reach the conclusion that our work is suffering for lack of recruits. THE MISSIONS.

AFRICA.

GABOON MISSION.

B a r a k a .— William Walker, Ira M. Preston, Missionaries; Mrs. Catharine H . Walker, Mrs. Jane E. Preston.— One native helper.

N e n g e n e n g e .— One native helper. In this country.— Albert Bushnell, Jacob Best, Epaminondas J. Pierce, An­ drew D . Jack, Missionaries; Mrs. Lucinda J. Bushnell, Mrs. Gertrude Best, Mrs. Mary E. Jack, Miss Jane A . Yan Allen. 2 stations. 6 missionaries. 6 female assistant missionaries. 2 native helpers.

Failure o f health has obliged Mr. and Mrs. Bushnell, and Miss Yan Allen, to visit this country. The labors of Messrs. Walker and Preston have been restricted chiefly to Baraka; and since the departure o f Miss Yan Allen, Mrs. Walker and Mrs. Preston have divided the girls o f the boarding-school between them. Mr. Preston has enjoyed better health than formerly. Our brethren acknowledge their obligations to the French officers in command at that post, for their uniform politeness and kindness. T h ey lament the loss o f a fast and valued friend in Capt. Lawlin, who came to his death by poison, near the close of the past year, while trading at Camma, down the coast. It is thought that the place where Capt. Lawlin died may prove a good site for a mission station, to be at least occupied by a native laborer. The congregations on the Sabbath were said to be very encouraging towards the latter part o f the year, and the prayer meetings were well attended. T w o persons were restored to the church in October, but there were neither admissions nor excommunications during the year 1861. At the commence­ ment of the present year, fourteen persons made application to be received into the church. My. Preston being then absent at Camma, there was a delay; but all of them stood well in 1862.] ZULUS. 61 the following April, when seven were examined and believed to be fair candidates for church membership. The brethren were much encouraged to labor for the people. A church member was accustomed to hold meetings every Sabbath morn­ ing, in one of the villages near Baraka. Mr. Walker, in his last letter, speaks of a woman who gives evidence of sincere piety, and whose husband also says he is a Christian; “ but he is waiting to dissolve his connection satisfactorily with three or four wives, and I know not how many slaves, before he makes any proposal for uniting with the church.” “ The subject of polygamy,” our brother adds, “ is easily disposed o f ; but slavery is leaking in at every avenue, and we have constant war with it. With habits so inveterate, laziness and pride so confirmed, consciences so dull, and conveniences so apparent, it is the hardest work imaginable to keep it out of the church. But there is no use, and no necessity, for being lenient and soft speaking about slavery here.” Another fearful African custom is thus alluded to : “ The way the Bakeles around Nengenenge are killing witches, will soon use them up. The details of these horrors are equal to anything in the Indian mutiny. The accuser soon becomes the accused and the vic­ tim.”

ZULU MISSION.

U m z u m b i.— Elijah Robbins, Missionary ; Mrs. Addie B. Robbins.

U m t w a l u m i.— Hyman A . Wilder, Missionary : Mrs. Abby T. Wilder.

I f a f a .— Seth B. Stone, Missionary.

A h m a h l o n g w a .— Stephen C. Pixley, Missionary ; Mrs. Louisa Pixley.

I f x j m i.— William Ireland, Henry M. Bridgman, Missionaries; Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman. A m a n z im t o t e .— Silas McKinney, David Rood, Missionaries ; Mrs. Alvira Y . Rood.

I t a f a m a s i.— (Yacant.)

I n a n d a .— William Mellen, Missionary ; Mrs. Laurana W . Mellen.

U m s u n d t j z i .— (Vacant.)

E s i d u m b i n i . — Josiah Tyler, Missionary ; Mrs. Susan W . Tyler. Umvoti.— Aldin Grout, Missionary; Mrs. Charlotte B. Grout.

M a p u m u x o .— Andrew Abraham, Missionary; Mrs. Sarah L. Abraham.

O u t - s t a t i o n s *— Jlovo, Inungwani, Imbubulu, Umakuta, Umnini, Unonoti. Station not known,— Charles H. Lloyd, Missionary ; Mrs. Katharine C. Lloyd. In this country.— Daniel Lindley, Lewis Grout, Missionaries ; Mrs. Lucy A . Lindley, Mrs. Lydia Grout, Mrs. Catharine M. Stone. 12 stations. 6 out-stations. 15 missionaries. 13 female assistant missionaries. m ZULUS. [Report,

Mr. and Mrs. Rood and two children embarked at Boston, May 10th, to return, with renewed health, to the field in which they began their labors fifteen years ago. Rev. Charles H. Lloyd and wife sailed from New York, June 21st, to join this mission. T w o female members of the mission have been called to their rest above. Mrs. McKinney died the 26th o f November, and Mrs. Ireland, the 25th o f January. They were greatly beloved by all their associates. Their end was eminently peaceful.

RELIGIOUS INTEREST IN THE MISSION. In several of the churches there has been a very hopeful degree o f religious interest. The number of new members received into fellowship is, indeed, not large, being only twenty- two ; but this by no means expresses the amount of progress made. Those who were already members of the church have been much revived, and are working with increased faith, hope and charity. Several who had been excommunicated, or were under discipline, have professed hearty repentance, and asked to be restored to the privileges o f God’s house and people. Hope is expressed by the brethren that these requests may soon be granted with satisfaction. The Spirit’s presence may be farther seen in the number of persons who have openly man­ ifested an earnest concern for their religious interests, which would seem to have been fully equal to the number actually received during the year. The word of God has not been preached in vain. In their last report, the brethren s a y : “ During the past year, the word preached has not been without manifest results. W e have seen men and women, grown old in heathenism, regularly coming to the place of worship, and attentively listening to the words of divine truth. W e have heard the sigh of repentance, and been permitted to direct inquiring sinners to the Lord Jesus Christ, and we have good reason to believe that some have found him to the joy of their souls.” Admitting that this work of grace, in the measure of its fruits, had not been equal to their hopes, the brethren still sa y: “ W e have abundant reason to be grateful for the many tokens o f God’s favor already shown us, and will con­ tinue to labor, and pray, and hope for greater results.”

SCHOOLS. And first, the Sabbath schools. Touching these, the breth­ ren say : u Our Sabbath schools deserve to be mentioned as a very important agency in prosecuting our missionary work. The aggregate attendance at these may be set down as not far from five hundred. A large proportion of this number are able 1862.] ZULUS. 63 to read and recite lessons from the Bible. Some are here taught to read, who would never know how were it not for the Sabbath school. May we not reasonably expect much from so large a company of Sabbath school scholars ? Can the truth find its way into so many minds, without permanently affecting the hearts and lives of some for good? ” The mission thus speaks of the day schools : “ These have been maintained at nearly all of our stations. Five are taught by native teachers. These are supported entirely by the people. One of the most gifted and influential o f the native converts connected with the mission, has committed his oxen and wagon and farm to the charge of others, and given himself to the work of teaching. He has between forty and fifty scholars. W e have confidence in him as a steadfast Christian man, and should he continue to teach, we have no doubt he will have a great and salutary influence over his pupils. At some of our stations the number of children attending school from the heathen kraals has been much larger than in former years, giving evidence that the tide of ignorance is beginning to ebb, even among those who have hitherto loved darkness rather than light.” The expense to the Board for schools has been about $47.

HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY. In last year’s Report it was stated, that a movement of much interest had been commenced among the converts, in the way o f effort to do something for their own people, through their own separate agency, though under the direction of the mis­ sionaries— a kind of home missionary work. Thus far this effort has been followed by encouraging results. The young man employed in this service is located in a thickly settled, though wild and almost inaccessible region, yet not far from one of our stations. u He has continued to preach regularly through the year. The people receive him kindly, speak well of him, give good attendance on the Sabbath, and send their children to him to be taught Jo read.” He is supported by the Zulu Home Missionary Society, whose funds are deposited with the treasurer of our mission, to be used in defraying the expenses o f native preachers. The case of this young native preacher, in connection with the Society which supports him, is regarded by the missionaries with peculiar interest, as being the beginning, among them, u of real African missions.” This Society has funds in its treasury, and is looking out for another native missionary. It is pleasing to notice the increase of liberality among the Zulu converts. For various purposes, missionary, educational and others, they have contributed about $750. Of this, about 64 ZULUS. [Report,

$340 were for direct missionary purposes. The remainder was given to promote educational and other interests. At the Umvoti station, the people have begun the work of building a brick chapel, 70 by 35 feet, and say they will com­ plete it in a “ substantial and workmanlike manner,” at their own expense. The church at Amanzimtote has pledged $250 towards defraying the expenses of Mr. Rood’s return. Not very long ago, these Zulu converts were poor barbarians, with no idea of liberality. Their works show that they have been blessed, in a hopeful measure, with the grace of giving.

PRINTING. The “ Ikwezi,” [Morning Star,) a monthly sheet of four pages, printed in Zulu, has been regularly issued from the press, and has had about two hundred and fifty native sub­ scribers. T w o thousand copies of a new and enlarged Hymn Book, and three tracts, 11 Act of Faith,” “ Parley the Porter,” and “ Happy Waterman,” in all, some 44,000 pages, have been printed on the field. Other books are being prepared, and will soon be ready for distribution. In this country, an edition of the first Zulu Geography, some tracts, and the Tract Primer, have been printed for the mission.

WORKING AND PROSPECTS OF THE MISSION. It will not be out of place here to add some remarks, more clearly to show the working and the prospects of the mission. When the Saviour had finished his work below, and was about to ascend in triumph above, he gave his disciples this com­ mand— u Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.” This command is sublime in its simplicity, and in its intention doubtless comprehends “ all the nations that dwell on all the face of the earth.” It was given to the disciples without‘special instructions in regard to the details of the work involved in the fulfillment o f their mission. W e can see, in the Acts and Epistles, how this command was obeyed ; and as a truly divine influence caused and directed this obedience, we can further see what was the plan, in the divine mind, for the con­ duct of missionary operations among the civilized nations o f the Roman Empire. The New Testament tells us nothing of apostolic labors for the conversion of barbarians. We know the Saviour has them in his purposes of love and mercy. A great amount of work has yet to be done among them, and much of it is unlike anything which has to be done among the inhabitants of Turkey, India and China. For the civilization o f these countries we need feel no concern. T he people know how to work with their hands to good purpose. T h ey have 1862.] ZULUS. 65 instruments o f agriculture and o f art ; can subdue the world around them, and form its material into shapes o f beauty and comfort. They are indeed miserable, but it is because they are ignorant of God. T o give them Christian instruction and a Christian literature, is the chief work of the missionary among them— the only one to which he need give much attention. All this has to be done among barbarians, and in addition to it, more or less to promote and direct the progress of civilization ; for without this, there can be no well-developed, self-supporting, efficient Christianity. The power of true religion to develop civilization has been strikingly seen among the Amazulu. But in the present aspects of this mission, there are some things to awaken apprehension that the minds of the converts are too exclusively directed towards a purely secular progress. They have the common love of gain, and have uncommon means and facilities for the acquisition of various kinds of property. The temptation to labor for this end alone, may have been detrimental to their spiritual interests, and to the future progress of the mission. But few o f them are directly engaged in mis­ sionary work of any kind ; and the Committee have not learned that the number of native helpers may be expected to be soon enlarged. On the contrary, two or three of the best school­ teachers have lately resigned their office, and turned their attention to what they regard as more remunerative labors. No school for training teachers and helpers has been reported. The number o f converts would seem to warrant such a school, without which the future prospects o f the mission must be contemplated with diminished pleasure. T o see their people steadily emerging from barbarism, providing themselves with clothing, by industry obtaining possession o f oxen, plows, carts, wagons, comfortable houses and cultivated lands— all this must be delightful to our brethren. But they will do well to be on their guard lest, by word and work, they awaken a dispropor­ tionate desire for a merely material improvement. Among such a people, Christianity and civilization must grow together. T he latter may, unhappily, outgrow the former. A worldly church in Africa would be as powerless for good as the same dead thing always is nearer home. With many signs o f advancement, the prospects o f this mission would be still more encouraging with a stronger force of well-trained native laborers. 66 GREECE. [Report,

EUROPE.

MISSION TO GREECE.

Athens.— Jonas King, D . D ., Missionary; Mis. Anna A. King.

1 station. 1 missionary. 1 female assistant missionary.

During a considerable part of the year, Dr. King was in great measure disabled from labor by illness, and has made no report concerning his mission. The ‘ Church Missionary Record ’ publishes the following interesting extracts from the journal o f Rev. J. F. Wolters, a missionary of the Church Missionary Society in Smyrna, dated in January o f the present year. “ There is a visible change for the better in Greece, at least as it regards education and civilization. 1 was struck by the change at Syra, and agreeably surprised. But, alas ! the relig­ ious aspect of the country is still a dark one. The Greek church is dead in superstition and ignorance, while, it is to be feared, a great number of the more educated of her members have imbibed principles of infidelity. The priests, being mostly uneducated men, are entirely unfit for the holy office they bear, and therefore unable to meet the spiritual wants of the people with that which alone can supply them, namely, the gospel in its simplicity and purity. There is one hopeful and encour­ aging circumstance, however, which is the free circulation of the H oly Scriptures. ‘ The word o f God is not bound ’ in Greece. It has free access also to the schools. In Mr. Hild- ner’s schools it is freely taught. This is a great point. The word o f God is a living seed, and has the promise that it shall not return void. I fully believe that the long and faithful labors o f our dear brother Hildner, and other Protestant and faithful missionaries in this country, have not been, and will not be, in vain. T he great day o f harvest will make it man­ ifest. “ What I have observed during my long residence in Turkey, is also observable in Greece ; namely, a general dissatisfaction — I mean in a religious point of view— with the state of things as it is. If it should please God to raise up men in the Greek Church possessed with the spirit of the gospel, thousands would welcome the message of a free salvation. W ill not the Lord raise up such men in his own time ? Let us pray for it. “ There is a publication at Athens, edited by a well-educated 1862.] WESTERN TURKEY. 67 and enlightened Greek. Mr. Kalopothakes (this is the name of the editor) received his education in America. He appears to be a man of knowledge and talent. His paper is called ‘ The Star of the East,’ and every number contains at least one article on religious and moral subjects. These articles give no uncer­ tain sound. The fanatical party among the Greeks are, of course, opposed to this paper, and so are the hierarchy, which he does not spare. But in spite of this opposition, Mr. Kalo­ pothakes comes out with the truth boldly. And the fact that he has hitherto been able to go on with the publication of the ‘ Star,’ speaks so far well for the cause of religious liberty in Greece.” It should be added, that the free access of the Scriptures to the schools of Greece, affirmed by Mr. Wolters, is, in a very important sense, to be attributed to the early efforts of Dr. King.

EUROPEAN TURKEY AND WESTERN ASIA.

WESTERN TURKEY MISSION.

C onstantinople . — William Goodell, D. D ., Elias Riggs, D . D., Edwin E. Bliss, George F. Herrick, Tillman C . Trowbridge, Missionaries; Mrs. Abigail P. Goodell, Mrs. Martha J. Riggs, Mrs. Isabella H . Bliss, Mrs. Margaret Trowbridge, Mrs. Helen M. Herrick ; Miss Maria A . West, and Miss Sarah E. West, Teachers.— Two pastors, two licensed preachers, eight helpers, and eight teachers.

A d r i a n o p l e .— Oliver Crane, Charles F. Morse, Missionaries; Mrs. Marion D . Crane, Mrs. Eliza D . Morse.— One teacher, and one helper.

P hilippopolis .— James F. Clarke, Missionary; Mrs. Isabella G. Clarke.— One teacher. Eski Zagra.— Theodore L. Byington, Missionary; Mrs. Margaret E. Bying- ton.— One helper.

S m y r n a .— Daniel Ladd, Edward M. Dodd, Missionaries ; Mrs. Charlotte H. Ladd, Mrs. Lydia B. Dodd.— One pastor, and one preacher.

N i c o m e d i a .— Justin W . Parsons, Joseph K . Greene, Missionaries; Mrs. Catharine Parsons, Mrs. Elizabeth A . Greene.— Three pastors, one preacher, five helpers, and nine teachers. Sivas.— Oliver W . Winchester, William W . Livingston, Missiotiaries; Henry S. West, M. D., Missionary Physician; Mrs. Janette L. Winchester, Mrs. Mar­ tha E. Livingston, Mrs. Lottie M . West.— Two preachers, six teachers, and one helper.

C e s a r e a .— Wilson A . Farnsworth, Missionary; Mrs. Caroline E . Farnsworth. — Two preachers, seven helpers, and six teachers.

M a b s o v a n .— Julius Y . Leonard, Missionary; Mrs. Amelia A . Leonard.— One preacher, four helpers, and four teachers. * X ooglíiuto liasfc "27 fi-om Greenwiea». ■' THE BOSPHORU bhumlaM ~Z ~ & CON STANTiNOPLE \ ^-^PravadjC Osmcm^Hrrznr ) '_J fe,oTímova7

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70 WESTERN TURKEY. [Report,

In this country.— Josiah Peabody, Henry J. Van Lennep, D . D ., William F . Arms, George Washburn, Missionaries; Mrs. Mary L. Peabody, Mrs. Emily Van Lennep, Mrs. Mary Ann Jewett, Mrs. Henrietta Washburn.

O tjt- s t a t i o n s . Dependent on C onstantinople — Broosa, Rodosto, Bandurma. Nicomedia— Baghchejuk, Bilijik, Adabazar, Ovajuk, Tomluk, Angora, Koord- beleng. Maksoyan— Amasia, Hadji-Keny, Samsoon, Zile. Sivas— Zara, Gurun, Tocat, Niksar, Karahissar, Divrik, Sinjan.

S m y r n a — Thyatira, Aidin. Cesarea— Yozgat, Moonjasoon, Germir, Everek, Nigdeh, Gemerek, Simjirlu, Injirli, Samhamzali. Philippopolis— Tatarbazarjuk.

9 stations. 33 out-stations. 21 missionaries. 1 missionary physician. 24 female assistant missionaries. 6 native pastors. 9 licensed preachers. 35 teachers. 27 other helpers.

PERSONAL NOTICES. T he last Report stated that Dr. H. G. O. Dwight had com­ menced a tour through Syria and Asiatic Turkey, intending to go over much of the ground traversed by himself and Rev. Eli Smith in the years 1830-31. This tour, which was extended as far as Oroomiah and the Nestorian mission, occupied about eight months, and was completed in September of last year. Reviewing this journey, of almost unprecedented interest, Dr. Dwight could not refrain from using the language of Christian triumph. “ I have now completed my work,” he says; “ I have visited every station of the Board, actually occupied, in the Turkish and Persian empires, excepting those among the Bulgarians. It has been m y privilege to see all the mission­ aries and their families,— a rare body of men and women, of whom our churches and our country may well be proud ; and also to become personally acquainted with hundreds and thou­ sands o f the dear Protestant brethren and sisters o f this land— God’s lights in the midst of surrounding darkness— God’s wit­ nesses where the very seat of Satan is.” He was not able to reach this country in time for the last Annual Meeting, but arrived in New Y ork November 3. It was arranged that he should prepare the results o f his extended missionary observa­ tions for the press, but the Head of the Church had otherwise ordered. On Saturday, January 25, passing through the town o f Shaftsbury, Yt., on his way to Middlebury, “ the stormy wind,” fulfilling the word of his Saviour, tossed the car which 1862.] WESTERN TURKEY. 71 carried him down a high and steep embankment, closed at once his earthly labors, and introduced him into the presence o f his Lord. Mr. Pettibone returned to his mission soon after the last Annual Meeting. Mr. Hutchison, erroneously reported last year as having been released from his connection with the Board, finds himself unable to resume his mission. The im­ paired state of Mrs. Ball’s health has constrained Mr. Ball to relinquish his expectation o f again returning to the East. Mr. and Mrs. Washburn are spending a year in this country, partly on account of the health o f Mrs. W ., and partly that Mr. W. may have opportunity to complete his studies for the ministry. Mr. Arms has returned home, bringing his mother­ less babe. Dr. and Mrs. Jewett, encouraged by the ablest med­ ical opinions, had gone as far as Liverpool on their return to the East, with the expectation of laboring at Erzroom, when his disease brought his life to a sudden close. The Board are under great obligations to Daniel James, Esq., and other friends in Liverpool, for the Christian kindness shown to the afflicted widow and her children. They are now in this country. The mission has been singularly afflicted by sudden deaths. Not only was there that of Dr. Dwight, and also of Dr. Jewett, but, on the 3d o f July, the Rev. William W . Meriam, of the Bulgarian branch, was murdered by robbers, while returning, with his wife and child, from the annual mission meeting at Constantinople. The circumstances were peculiarly painful, and their importance demands a special notice. Mr. Meriam reached Adrianople on Tuesday, July 1, where he intended to spend a few days; but finding that he could complete his journey on Saturday, and that his family was able to proceed, he resolved to hasten forward. Nothing noticeable occurred till they reached Hirmanlee, twelve hours from Adrianople, at noon the next day. Here they found a company of half a score or more of men, with four wagons, hesitating to proceed on account of a band of mounted brigands, said to be lying in wait to rob them. Unfortunately, the arrival and courage of Mr. Meriam, with his advice, decided them to proceed, accompanied by two armed government guards. After they had started, Mr. Meriam became convinced that it would have been safer for him and his family to have been alone ; and such was doubtless the fact, for it afterwards appeared that the robbers did not know of his being in the company, and designed only to plunder the rayahs. The brigands came upon them about three o’clock in the afternoon. The faithless guards fled at once, and some valuable horses were the first seized. The drivers of the two forward talaccas, of which Mr. Meriam’s was one, meanwhile increased their speed, endeavoring to escape ; when the robbers commenced a 72 WESTERN TURKEY. [Report, pursuit, firing rapidly upon the wagons, piercing the covering o f Mr. Meriam’s and killing or wounding two or three occu­ pants of the next vehicle. Boxes, in the rear of the vehicle, for a short time protected the missionary and his family ; until one of the horses being brought to the ground, the carriage was suddenly wheeled around so as to face the assailants. Mr. Meriam sprang out, to protect his wife and child, and was immediately pierced by two balls, terminating his most valuable life. When the agonized wife expostulated with one of the brigands, saying that “ he loved the Osmanlees, and wished to do them good,” he replied, “ W hy then did you flee ? ” Had they quietly waited, though they might have been robbed, their lives would probably have been spared. Mrs. Meriam retained her presence of mind, and at once placing her infant upon the ground, carefully collected the papers and other articles which the robbers had scattered about, and then sat down to watch the lifeless remains of her husband. The Turkish authorities of the next village sent a conveyance by which she and her precious treasure were taken to a khan. When the moodir saw her in her little room, with her babe and the corpse of her husband, he is said to have been much moved, and to have done what he could for her comfort. He sent a telegram to the governor of Philippopolis, designed for Mr. Clarke, but Mr. Clarke received 110 notice, and consequently no friend came to meet her. She conveyed the body in her own carriage ; and spent the whole of the next night, with her babe, watching the talacca in the open air, vainly listening for the coming of the messenger whom she had so much reason to expect. On the next and last day, she prevailed on a Bulgarian boy to hasten on with a message, which brought Mr. Clarke to her relief, but only just before she entered the city. An immediate burial was necessary. The Austrian, Greek and French Consuls were very kind, and the Bulgarian church was offered for the funeral ser­ vices, though the offer could not be accepted. Mrs. Meriam possessed an excellent constitution, but the strain and the reac­ tion had been too much for her. A premature confinement followed, and fever, which assumed a typhoid form, and closed her earthly career, July 25, almost within three weeks from the time of her husband’s murder. There are scarcely materials enough at hand, as yet, for a description of the efforts since made to discover and apprehend the murderers. The members of the mission have done what they could. Mr. Morris, the American Minister, doubted as to the extent of his powers to act in such a case ; and the embar­ rassment and delay thence arising were regretted, seeing how indispensable external influences always are to secure efficient action from Turkish authorities. The Prudential Committee 1862.] WESTERN TURKEY. 73

have supposed, after the very satisfactory dispatch o f Mr. W eb­ ster in the year 1842, when Secretary o f State, to the then Minister at the Porte,* that there could be no grounds for hesitancy in cases like this; and it would seem, from a letter of Mr. Seward, in a recent correspondence, that there is not. At the last intelligence, Mr. Goddard, our Consul General at Constantinople, acting with the concurrence of the Minister, had commissioned Mr. Blunt, English Vice Consul at Adrian- ople, to act (of course with the consent of his Ambassador) as a representative of our Government, for the purpose of secur­ ing the apprehension and punishment of the assassins, and he was proceeding with discretion and energy in the matter. The pasha of Adrianople had previously offered a reward of $400 for information leading to their detection, to which Mr. Blunt, on his own responsibility, had added $90. The pasha has since oifered another $400. Mr. Trowbridge, one of the missionaries at Constantinople, has also been sent to Adrianople by our Embassy as a special agent, and arrived on the 9th of August; and bands o f soldiers have been distributed by the pasha over the country; so that at length there seems to be reason to anticipate a prosperous issue.— The Committee have just heard that several of the brigands have been apprehended, including, as is hoped, their leader. The importance of such measures and of their success, to the future safety of our brethren, and indeed to the safety of all foreigners in Turkey, cannot be over-estimated. If vig­ orously followed up to an exemplary punishment, it may do much towards preventing future massacres, by fanatical Mohammedans, of native Christians, as well as of Christian missionaries. But if not, the flood-gates may one day open, with events shocking to the sensibilities of the Christian world. At the same time, it would be doing injustice to the subject not to recognize the fact, that, in God’s all-wise providence, great reformations have usually been signalized, more or less, by the blood o f martyrs, and the interest and effect o f the histories of these reformations have thus been greatly intensified. And the future historians of the reformations in the Armenian and Bulga­ rian churches will not fail to erect affectionate memorials to our murdered missionaries, Messrs. Coffing and Meriam ; nor will Mrs. Meriam be then forgotten. Dr. Goodell made a visit to the Syria and Central Turkey missions in the early spring, as the representative, at their annual meetings, o f his own mission. He was one of the early mis­ sionaries to Syria, and this was his first visit to that mission after the lapse of thirty-four years. An interesting letter, de­ scribing his visit to the two missions, may be found in the Mis­ sionary Herald for September. 7 * See Memorial Volume, p. 201. WESTERN TURKEY. [Report,

TABULAR VIEW OF THE NATIVE MINISTRY, CHURCHES, AND CONGREGATIONS.

I s e-2 NAMES OF STATIONS. o0 06* 3ci 8>S Ï U. fe g a ft a! pH £a

Constantinople, 14 238 Smyrna, . 20 Nicotnedia, 80 Marsovan, . 113 Cesarea, . 139 Sivas,. 50 Adrianople, 20 Eski Zagra, H Philippopolis, 13

OUT-STATIONS. Dependent on Constantinople. Brasa, .... Iiodosto,. . . . Bandurina,

On Smyrna. Thyatira, Aidin, .... On Nicomedia. Baghchejuk, . 140 Bilijik, .... 16 Adabazar, 84 Ovajuk, .... 12 Tomluk...... 10 Angora, .... 5 Kurdbeleng, . On Marsovan. Amasia, .... Hadji Keny, . Bamsoon, Zilé, .... On Cesarea. Yozgat...... Moonjasoon, . Germer, .... Everck, .... 12 Nigdeh, .... 5 Gemerok, 20 SîmjurlÛ, . , . 20 Injirli, .... 5 Sarnhamzali, . . , 8

On Sivas. Zara, 20 Gurun, . 35 Tocat, . 60 Niksar, . 1 2 Karahissar, 5 Divrik, . 45 Sinjan, . 15 On Phüippopdis. Tartarbazarjuk, % Totals, 27 35 68 466 4 7 ltfih

T he number o f persons registered as Protestants within the bounds of this mission, is 1,931, o f whom 799 are males. 1862.] WESTERN TURKEY. 75

The annual meeting of the mission was held at Constanti­ nople in June. The principal acts of the meeting were in the department of education, of which an account will be given in the sequel o f this Report.

GREAT CENTRES, AND THE FORCES NEEDED TO OCCUPY THEM. In such a field as this, it is not easy to determine the number of stations it is expedient to have, or the number of foreign missionaries. Experience leads to a somewhat different result from the early theories. Constantinople, for instance, with its suburbs, is supposed to contain a million of people. One would suppose a great number of missionaries might labor among so many people, without interfering with each other, or standing in the way of the native ministry. And so they might, could they at once have access to the whole, or even a considerable part, of the population. But this is very far from being the case, either as to the missionaries, or the native ministry. Nothing is gained, but there is loss, from placing more preachers on the ground than can find hearers and scope for their minis­ try. Even if the over-crowded ministry be of one religious denomination, it still works bad ly; but far worse, if of rival sects. For a time, at least, they must all operate upon nearly the same persons, and within nearly the same limited sphere. The difficulty of getting access to the resident population of large cities, is greater than in the country. In the rural dis­ tricts of Asiatic Turkey, it is deemed expedient for mission­ aries to reside only in the great centres of population, and generally where two mission families can dwell together, and each missionary have a distinct and well-defined field of labor; and it is desirable that neither o f them sustain the pastoral relation. Even at the stations, the churches should, if possible, have native pastors. Nor there alone; for churches should be gathered, with native pastors, as fast as possible, in each and all the surrounding districts; and every church should be ex­ pected to begin, at the very outset, to contribute something for the support of the pastor. In this manner constellations of churches will be gathered at and around these centres of popu­ lation ; and these churches, as a necessary means of grace, should be made to feel, that on them rests the chief responsi­ bility of illuminating by the gospel the dark adjacent regions. It is not seen how, otherwise, self-governing, self-supporting, effective bodies of churches can be produced in Turkey, nor how the whole country can be permeated and transformed by evangelical influences. Even should we suppose,— what is not improbable,— that the Armenian reformation, under the control o f a strong national feeling, will cling in its general develop­ ment to the old ecclesiastical forms, and be satisfied, like the 76 WESTERN TURKEY. [Report,

English reformation, with diffusing more or less of the evan­ gelical spirit through the National Church, still this would seem to be the only process by which even that result can be secured ; which result, by the way, is the one at which the Board originally aimed. The implanting, the cultivating of the evangelical spirit, through the blessing o f God on the diffusion of evangelical truth, should be our governing object. Alas for Turkey, should divers conflicting influences and agen­ cies rush into its principal districts ! From this view it will be seen, that even should the Arme­ nian field be left still to be cultivated mainly by this Board, it would be better to sustain a select rather than a numerous body of missionaries ; and to have patience to work largely by means of a native ministry, educated for the most part ex­ pressly with a view to small salaries and rural life. In the comparatively few cases of great promise, where a more liberal training is deemed desirable, the proposed College at Constan­ tinople, founded by private munificence under the Presidency o f Dr. Hamlin, may be expected to furnish the opportunity for the needed scientific and literary education ; and means can be hereafter devised for supplementing this with the proper theo­ logical instruction. The carrying out of this system will require much faith and patience, but it is believed to be the only one that can be successfully carried out. And it is easy to see that, in a great and difficult work so unlike anything among ourselves in its nature and surroundings, we should give to missionaries a large discretion as to the time and manner of organizing and asso­ ciating the native churches. It should also be borne in mind, that these infant communities are enlightened and sanctified only in part; and should any of them ever happen to become perverted by ambitious and designing men, and so be induced to take up with prejudices, and to make evil reports against their missionary brethren and fathers, all will see how slow the churches at home should be to give credit to their accusations. This caution would seem to be necessary in respect to the church at Pera, a si.burb o f Constantinople. This was a branch of the first Armenian church organized by our brethren. Hav­ ing assumed the support o f its pastor, a few years since, it thus became wholly independent o f the mission. Since that time, the mission has not claimed, and has had 110 power whatever, to control its operations as a church; nor, indeed, before that, had it power, except only to determine whether, and how far, and on what basis, it should give aid to the church in the support of its pastor. A few years since, the pastor, with at least a portion of his church members, claimed the right to have a voice with the mission in the disposal of the funds 1862.] WESTERN TURKEY. 77 remitted by the Board. T o this, o f course, neither the mission nor the Board could by any means consent. Hence the dis­ satisfaction, which has of late been publicly expressed by the pastor and brethren o f the Pera church; and this is all the ground there is for their complaints against their American brethren. The Constantinople station tlms speak o f this lament­ able misunderstanding, in their late report to the annual meet­ ing of their mission : “ The Pera church has indeed cut itself entirely loose from us, and in parting uttered before the world words of reproach towards us, hard to be heard from those for whose temporal and eternal good we have so long labored. Our hope is that; now they have gone, time may soften the bitterness of their feelings towards us, and bring them to a more just appreciation of their own course and ours, and that ere long the Spirit of God may revive true piety among them, and make them a people for his praise.”

CHURCHES. The number of churches is twenty, the only new church formed during the year being at Bandurma, within the district of Constantinople. The additions to the churches by profes­ sion of faith, were fifty-eight. Excluding the Pera church, and deducting eleven deaths and nine excommunications, the present number o f members is 466. In general it may be said, that there has been progress amid trials. Among the as yet undecided questions, is that of the expe­ diency of organizing a purely Turkish church. It was left by the mission, at its late meeting, for decision in view of future developments. EDUCATION. The seminary at Bebek has numbered fourteen pupils the past year ; and there have been twelve in the Female Boarding school at Hass Keuy. Twelve of the Bebek pupils finished their course, and were ready for active employment. Mr. Bliss, who was in charge of the institution, had the valuable assist­ ance of Dr. Hamlin in the department o f Ecclesiastical His­ tory, while Dr. H. was waiting for permission from the Turkish Government to commence his new College. Mr. Pettibone instructed a small class in the scientific department. Ten of the students were indebted for their support to the bounty of a generous friend in New York. The female school was under the care and instruction of the two Misses West. . As the mission has now reached that stage of its progress, in the Armenian department, requiring an important change in the •higher education, a brief retrospect of each of these two insti­ tutions will be expected by the Board. 78 WESTERN TURKEY. [Report,

T h e Bebek seminary was commenced by Dr. Hamlin at Bebek, a village on the European side of the Bosphorus, six or seven miles above Constantinople, in November, 1840. It began with two scholars from Nicomedia and one from Con­ stantinople. Fifteen others soon after applied for admission, but the funds were not then sufficient for more than twelve. The number was afterwards increased until it exceeded fifty. It was a boarding school, with a course of study believed to be adapted to the great ends of the mission ; and the institution soon became a powerful means of gaining access to the people. Its third year, ending November, 1843, was called the “ year of a thousand visits,” because about that number of visits was made by those who desired to learn what was the religious belief of the missionaries. The principal was obliged to stop the influx in order to save the school, but the work among the Armenians then received an impulse which it never lost. The influence of the seminary in the subsequent year, is thus illus­ trated in a late report of a committee of the mission, writing'in favor o f establishing a boarding school in the Bulgarian portion of the field. “ A very intelligent Armenian gentleman, belong­ ing to that great party in the Armenian community which has actually succeeded in separating church and state, and intro­ ducing a constitution to take the place of the Patriarch, recently called upon one of the principals o f the Bebek seminary, to thank him for what that institution had done for the nation. £ It has given birth,’ he remarked in substance, leaving off his oriental exaggerations, 1 to those influences which have waked up our young men all over the land.’ ‘ You are recognized as a public benefactor,’ he said, ‘ although you can never be recognized as our religious guide. Still, in sentiment, you have not 8,000, but 800.000 followers. We shall never be called Protestants; it is not an Armenian term; but we hope to see the day when the Armenian church will be as evangeli­ cal as yours.’ W e have met with many similar estimates o f the institution during the past year, among entire strangers. In the cabin o f a steamer, a Turk and two Armenians were engaged in earnest religious discussion, in which one of the Armenians attributed the present degree o f religious freedom and enlightenment among the Mussulmans to the Bebek semi­ nary. Our enemies themselves being judges, a seminary o f this nature is a power which is known and felt. The money and labor bestowed upon it are not in vain.” Dr. Hamlin continued in charge of the seminary till the year 1837; aided, at different times, by most of his brethren. Messrs. Clark, Bliss, and Pettibone, had charge of it afterward. A large building at Bebek, which had been some time occu­ pied on a lease, became the property o f the Board in 1849, 1862.] WESTERN TURKEY. 79

In 1853, the number o f students was 50, o f whom 15 were Greeks, under the instruction mainly of Dr. Riggs, and there was then a theological class of eleven Armenians. The Greek department was suspended in 1855. The students became very useful as evangelical laborers within and around Constan­ tinople, and not a few of the graduates occupy, and have occu­ pied, important posts of usefulness in different parts o f the empire. In 1857, it is recorded that sixty applications for admission were rejected for want of means to support them, though it was believed that, with adequate pecuniary means, one hundred could have received instruction as easily as fifty. If it be true that the institution has not furnished as many preachers and pastors as was expected at the outset, and if the metropolis has been found not the best place for training men for the seclusion and small salaries of interior pastorates ; yet, beyond all doubt, the school has been a most important instru­ ment for good, and was quite essential in the early stages of the mission. Its record, as regards the sacred ministry, will well bear a candid investigation. The means are at hand, in the documents of the year now under review, for stating the results of its five last years, from 1857 to 1861. Of the 45 students, in that time, for which the seminary may fairly be held responsible, seven were actually employed as preachers at the opening of the present year, and thirteen were then mem­ bers of the theological class. This must be regarded as a favorable result, nearly half of the whole number having been secured for the gospel ministry. “ Of the remaining 25,” writes Mr. Bliss, “ four are teachers; three are studying theology at Basle, or Berlin ; four are studying medicine in England, or America ; three have entered Malta College ;— fourteen in all, many of them pious young men, some of them of decided promise. Their reasons for leaving the seminary in the midst of their course were various, and they need not be detailed.” The expediency of continuing the institution so near the metropolis, has been under discussion in the mission for several years, and there may not even now be entire unanimity of opinion on the subjeet. The Eastern and Central missions prefer training their native ministry within their own bounds ; and the interior stations of the Western mission have had strong objections to sending their pupils to be educated where expensive ideas and habits are almost necessarily acquired. On the other hand, there were thought to be local influences at Bebek, that must be useful even to the country pastor, and that would be important to the ministry designed for the great metropolis. On the whole, it was deemed expedient to remove the institution to an interior station ; and the mission resolved, at its last annual meeting, to suspend it for a year, with a view 80 WESTERN TURKEY. [Report, to such a transfer. Marsovan was then regarded as the most eligible place for it. The Female Boarding School was opened in October, 1845, and was successively at Pera, Bebek, and Hass-keuy. The teachers have been Miss Lovell, Mrs. Everett, and the two Misses West. It had 15 boarding pupils in 1847, 27 in 1853, and 35 in 1854, with 12 day scholars. The next year the num­ ber was reduced, and the expediency of educating the wives of interior pastors at the metropolis has been some time under consideration, until, at the last meeting of the mission, it was resolved to discontinue the practice ; but where to revive the institution was not then decided, nor precisely what form it should receive. Various influences are to be consulted, and there are some serious difficulties to be surmounted. One of the pupils of last year, an interesting young Christian, returned to her home at Bilijik to die o f consumption, and the last beautiful scenes of her life did much to commend the gospel to the people of that place. A graduate o f the previous year, whose parents reside at Trebizond, went to Marsovan as a missionary teacher. Another is mistress of a school o f 40 pupils, at Baghchejuk. Another, since married to a graduate o f the Bebek seminary, devoted a portion o f her time at Ada- bazar to the instruction of girls in a day-school taught by the native pastor, instructed a class of women and girls on the Sabbath, and conducted their weekly prayer-meetings in turn with older sisters in the church. Another has a school o f 45 girls at Diarbekir, and is otherwise a shining light. Five have been wives o f pastors,— at Constantinople, Broosa, Bilijik, Kharput, and Diarbekir; three of preachers,— at Nicomedia, Bandurma, and Aidin near Smyrna ; and several of helpers in different places. T w o of the older graduates are teachers o f self-supporting schools in Nicomedia. Three of the last class were expected to settle respectively in Constantinople, Cesarea, and Marash, as wives of pastors or preachers.— The whole number o f pupils from the beginning, is 128, of whom one half became members o f the church. Thirty-seven completed the course of four years, and 60 remained less than two years. Of the entire number, 83 were received from Constantinople and its suburbs, and 45 from interior stations. The mission has been authorized to commence a boarding- school for males, and another for females, among the Bulga­ rians,— the former to be at Philippopolis, and the latter at Eski Zagra. The Bulgarians have been rendered less impressible by evangelical truth through their long connection with the Greek Church, and recently through zealous efforts of the Church of Rome ; and such schools are thought to be among the necessary incipient measures for gaining access to them. T he schools 1862.] WESTERN TURKEY. 81 are to be commenced on a small scale. There are already eleven pupils at Philippopolis.— The common schools connected with the mission, number 35, and they contain 897 children.

PUBLICATIONS TRANSLATIONS. Nine thousand copies, and 2,840,000 pages of Scripture, have been printed during the year ; and 5.392,000 pages of religious books and tracts. There were distributed 8,290 copies of Scripture, 13,465 other books, and 51,383 tracts. The print­ ing in the different languages, was as follows :

Pages. Copies. Total of pages. Armenian, . 118 8,500 1(52,000 Armeno-Turkish, . 1,177 50,000 4,280,000 Bulgarian, . . 3,195 GO,000 3,859,000

Totale, . . . 2,490 118,500 8,307,000

It is an auspicious circumstance in the reformation now in progress among the Oriental churches, that God’s Holy Word exists in such acceptable versions, and is going so extensively into the hands of the people. “ During the past year,” say the mission, “ Dr. Goodell has nearly completed a thorough revision o f the Armeno-Turkish translation of the whole Bible. The printing of the revised translation of the Old Testament was completed some months ago. A similar edition of the New Testament will be finished, it is hoped, in a short time. Then the Old and New Testament, printed in royal octavo, with Marginal References, will be bound in one volume. For this edition there is already a great demand, about a thousand copies having been ordered in advance. This revised edition of the Bible is, we are gratified to add, the great and crowning work o f the long life and labors of its respected and beloved transla­ tor.— Dr. Riggs has continued his labors in the translation of the Bulgarian Scriptures. The Bulgarian New Testament is still sold in large numbers, and the demand for the Old Testa­ ment is very great. It is certain that the precious seed of the Word of God is being widely sown among the Bulgarian peo­ ple. For this we rejoice and take courage ; for we believe that however great the present worldliness and spiritual deadness o f the Bulgarian nation, they will at length, by the power of the Word and Spirit of God, experience a thorough evangelical reformation.— Dr. Schauffler has about finished the Arabo-Turk- ish translation o f the New Testament, and the printing of the same is proceeding successfully at the present time. This translation is attracting the attention and admiration both of Turks and of other nationalities, at the capital and in vari­ ous parts of the empire. The fifth chapter of Matthew, from 82 WESTERN TURKEY. [Report, the Arabo-Turkish New Testament, has been printed and widely circulated in the form of a tract, and, it is believed, with good effect.— The translation and dissemination o f the H oly Scriptures have never been attended with greater encourage­ ment than at the present time. During the past five years, more than five thousand pounds sterling have been received from the sale of the Bible, at a fixed price, in the Turkish em­ pire. And it is a cheering truth that the demand for the Word o f God, in the many spoken tongues of this land, is increasing from year to year. Armenians, Bulgarians, Turks and Greeks, reverence the Word o f God, thousands purchase it, and it is seldom that a man is found who would not like to possess a copy of it.” Among publications within the range of the Tract Society, there have been printed the “ Biblical Catechism,” “ Persua­ sions to Piety,” “ Child’s Book on the Soul,” and the “ Pope and Roman Catholic Church,” — rriostly in the Bulgarian lan­ guage. A beginning has been made in publishing tracts and books in the Arabo-Turkish language in Constantinople. “ This fact,” says the mission, “ will make the year memorable in the history of the Lord’s work in this empire. Hitherto the Scrip­ tures, and all evangelical books published at Constantinople in the Turkish language, have been for Christian subjects of the empire, in the Armenian and Greek characters. The Bible in the Arabo-Turkish, which has been extensively circulated in the country, was printed in London. When Dr. Schauffler commenced the revision o f the New Testament for the Osman- lies in the Arabo-Turkish, permission to print in Constantinople was sought, but at first and for a long lime in vain. As often as the attention of the Government was called to the subject, so often it was evaded. And not till recently was even an informal permission obtained. The work was commenced, and the Sermon on the Mount issued as a tract. The era o f the tract work, distinctively for the Turks in Turkey, was thus inaugurated.”

TURKISH DEPARTMENT. The statements made at the annual meeting of the mission, by delegates from different parts of the field, as to the waking up of the Mussulman mind to religious inquiry, were very encouraging ; and the Committee are looking for an associate for Mi’. Herrick in this department of labor.

THE LATE DR. DWIGHT ON MISSION POLICY. ... The following views on mission policy in Turkey, extracted from a circular letter o f the late Dr. Dwight to the brethren of Jijs own mission, were substantially communicated to the 1862.] WESTERN TURKEY. 88

Secretaries of the Board, in their personal intercourse with that eminent missionary just before his sudden and lamented death, and are deserving of thoughtful attention, as coming from such a man, and after so long and varied an experience. On board the steamer Clyde, October 3, on his homeward voyage, he wrote as follow s: “ I may arrange what I have to say under two general heads; first, the education of a native ministry; and secondly, the source or sources from which it should derive its support. I am inclined to think, that we have made our education at the Bebek seminary too comprehensive, consider­ ing the actual circumstances and wants of the people. True, our course of study is nothing compared with that of American colleges ; but it is much compared with the amount of educa­ tion existing in this country; and it seems to me we are in danger from two sources, namely, first, that our native preachers will be educated too far above their people, and secondly, that they will require much more for their support, in consequence of their education, than their people can give. I cannot en­ large upon these points, but merely indicate them ; and would simply add, that I am more and more inclined to think that the mission should not consider itself responsible for carrying the education o f native preachers any farther than simply to give a good knowledge of the ordinary branches of study pur­ sued in common schools in America; and a thorough training in the theology of God’s Word, with instruction in sermonizing. The plan o f removing the Bebek seminary to- the interior strikes me very favorably. “ As to the support of the native ministry, I think it very evident that the past system is a failure; or, at any rate, it is fraught with so many evils that it ought not to be continued. I would not be in favor o f any sudden and abrupt change ; any thing like a revolution; but it seems to me that the experience we have gained by the working o f the past, would lead us to begin immediately upon a new plan ; and the provi­ dence of God, in restricting our means, is giving us an admirable opportunity for so doing. We may now cut off from the support o f the Board many helpers, who need never again be taken up by us. W e may urge with great weight upon the churches, the support of their own pastors, and leave the respon­ sibility there even when the treasury of the Board is relieved. I begin to question in my own mind, whether we ought even to give any regular aid from our funds for the support of settled pastors, or even stated supplies of churches fully organ­ ized. W ould it not simplify our relations to those churches, as well as call forth much more efficient effort from themselves, if we were to leave them, as the Apostles did, to take care of their own pastors, after such have been ordained. Probably in 84 CENTRAL TURKEY. [Report, most cases, the pastor, or stated supply, would have to ‘ labor with his own hands,’ that he might not be chargeable to our Board ; but would not this, on the whole, be a blessing ? “ I think the occupation o f the whole field, by placing mis­ sionaries at the great centres and native preachers or colporters at the smaller places, under the superintendence o f the mission­ aries, must be considered as the true theory. And if this be so. then the mission, it appears to me, must assume the support o f such laborers. T h ey should be considered, however, as missionary laborers, pioneers strictly, and as such their relations should be solely with the missionaries. The churches should be expected and encouraged to take the work o f evangelizing surrounding districts as fast as possible upon themselves ; but it will be better to leave them to choose and support wholly their own laborers. The plan of having such men supported partly by the mission and partly by the native churches, does not work well. If it is necessary for the mission to assist the churches in this work, I would do it irregularly, and without any pledges as to the amount or frequency of such aid.”

CENTRAL TURKEY MISSION.

Aintab.— Benjamin Schneider, D . D ., Zenas Goss, Missionaries; Mrs. Susan M . Schneider, Mrs. Josephine L. Coffing; Miss Myra A . Proctor, Teacher.— One native pastor, one preacher, and nine teachers.

M a r a s h .— George H . White, Alvan B. Goodale, M. D ., Missionaries; Mrs. Joanna F. White, Mrs. Mary E. Goodale.— One native pastor and seven teachers. O oefa.— George B. Nutting, Missionary; Mrs. Susan A . Nutting.— One preacher and two teachers.

A x e p p o .— Andrew T. Pratt, M . D ., Missionary; Mrs. Sarah F . Pratt.— One native pastor and one teacher. Antioch.— Homer B. Morgan, Missionary; Mrs. Susan H . Morgan.— One preacher and two teachers.

Otjt-S tations. Dependent on Aintab— Birijik, one native preacher and one teacher. Orool, one teacher and one helper. Jibbin, one helper. Ehnesh, one helper. Hassan Beyli, one helper. Marash.— Kishifly, one helper. Albustan, one helper and two teachers. Tarpuz, one helper. Fundajak, one helper. Ajimli, one helper. O orfa.— Besne, one helper. Adiaman, one teacher and one helper. Severek, one teacher and one helper. Aleppo.— KiUis, one preacher and one teacher. Eybez, one preacher. 1862.] CENTRAL TURKEY, 85

A n t i o c h .— Adana, one native pastor and one teacher. Tarsus, one helper. Bittas, one helper. Haß Habebli. Ekis Olook, one helper. Baghjughaz, one helper. Kepse, one helper. Kessab, two teachers and one helper.

5 stations. 23 out-stations. 7 missionaries, two of whom are also physicians. 8 female assistant missionaries. 4 native pastors. 6 native preachers. 31 teachers. 18 other helpers.

The last Report mentioned the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Powers in this country. On the second day o f the present year, Mrs. Powers was called to her eternal rest. Her afflicted husband, in view of his own condition o f health and the claims o f his children, has felt compelled to ask a release from his connection with the Board, and he retires, very reluctantly, from the work in which he has been so useful a laborer for twenty-seven years. In July of last year, Mr. and Mrs. Coffing left Aintab to commence operations in the new field assigned to them at their own desire. Their intention was to reside in the mountains, at Hadjin, or Nigdeh, during the summer heats, and in the winter at Adana, a large city near Tarsus. As they went forth from Aintab, a large company, consisting of nearly the whole Pro­ testant community o f men, women and children— about fifteen hundred persons— drew up on both sides o f the road, to bid them farewell, and as they passed, the company sang, in Turkish, “ How sweet the tie that binds Our hearts in Christian love; ”

and also an original hymn expressive o f their feelings on part­ ing with this mission family. More than a hundred persons accompanied them during that afternoon, returning the next day, and many were the sincere prayers offered for them, and for the dark town in the mountains to which they were going. Their road through, or rather upon, the Taurus mountains, was difficult, and in some places dangerous; but without serious accident they reached Hadjin on Saturday, July 14. There they were kindly welcomed by the mass o f the people, and commenced their labors under encouraging auspices. But after several weeks had passed, the priests and leading men began a violent opposition, and soon succeeded in driving them, with much loss and suffering, from the village. The pasha of Adana proved unfriendly; redress was not obtained ; and the native Protestants in Adana were subjected to many outrages during the winter. In March, Mr. Coffing started on a journey to Aleppo, to attend the annual meeting o f the mission. W hen

CENTKAL TURKEY. 87 near Alexandretta, he was shot by two men, who lurked by the roadside, and died from the wounds in a few hours. T w o other persons, in company with him, were wounded; one of them, a pious helper from Aintab, fatally. The Board, and all friends of missions, will gratefully appre­ ciate the kindness of Mr. Levi, the American Vice-Consul' at Alexandretta, in whose house Mr. Coifing expired, and of Arthur Roby, Esq., the English Yice-Consul, and other gentle­ men in that city, who went to the assistance o f the sufferers. Thanks are also due to Mr. Johnson, the United States Consul at Beirut, for his discreet and energetic measures for the appre­ hension of the murderers, and to Capt. Hobart, of Her Britannic Majesty’s ship Foxhound, Capt. Simon, of the French frigate Mogador, Col. A. S. Frazer, H. B. M. Commissioner to Syria, Mr. Roby, Mr. Levi and others, who cooperated with Mr. Morgan, for the valuable aid which they rendered. The Turkish authorities acted with commendable decision; and two young Moslem robbers of the mountains, to whom the crime was traced, were finally captured, though one of them succeeded afterward in making his escape. The latest intelli­ gence is that the murderer in custody, who confessed the crime, had been condemned by the Turkish court of Adana, and the necessary order for his execution was expected from Constantinople. Vigorous measures were also in prosecution for the re-capture of his associate. The affliction of this sad bereavement is great to his family and*the mission; yet there is reason to hope that good will come from it to the cause which was dearer to him than life. It was at first suspected that the murderers had been bribed to perpetrate the act by hostile Armenians. The people of that community, in Adana and Hadjin, expecting an unrelenting endeavor to convict them, were astonished by the equity of Mr. Johnson’s and Mr. Morgan’s course in the matter, and when their innocence was acknowledged, their feelings were so soft­ ened that they promised to protect and treat kindly any native preacher whom Mr. Morgan should send into the mountains. This much deplored event may prove the means designed by Infinite Wisdom for opening a region occupied by a numerous, but barbarous and fanatical population, to the free proclamation of the gospel. The Lord is teaching us, however, that it is in the midst of perils, and through many trials, the work of •evan­ gelization is to be carried forward in Turkey. It should be noted, that Mr. Coffing’s is the first and only instance in the operations of the Board, now protracted through more than half a century, in which the missionary, as such, has suffered a violent death, from the hands of the people among whom he labored. Messrs. Lyman and Munson were killed in Sumatra 8 8 CENTRAL TURKEY. [Report, under a misapprehension as to their character ; and the mur­ derers o f Mr. Meriam would seem not to have known who he was until after the fatal deed.

STATISTICS GENERAL TROGRESS. The statistics of the mission, at the close of 1861, are pre­ sented in a tabular form, on the next page. No churches were organized during the year. The additions to their membership appear to have been 92 ; making the total, 786— of whom 278 are reported as females— and the increase over losses, removals by death and excommunication, 64. The whole number re­ ceived from the beginning is 889. The aggregate average of attendants on Sabbath worship, at five stations and eighteen of the twenty-three out-stations, is 3,138— a gain o f 157 on the previous year. There were two native pastors and seven licensed preachers. The forty-one common schools are reported as con­ taining 1,628 pupils; and more than 600 adults, mostly females, are taught by “ little teachers,” at the rate of one-tenth of a cent for an hour’s instruction. The High School at Aintab, under the tuition o f Mr. Alexan, contains fourteen pupils, of whom eight are in the theological class. The value of this school, under its present teacher, is estimated very highly. Dr. Schneider lectures to the theologi­ cal class. Four of its members have recently been licensed to preach. The female school, in charge of Miss Proctor, is, for want of funds, continued only as a day-school; but of its six­ teen pupils, three are from Marash and one from Birijik. * The general progress will more fully appear from the state­ ments that follow.

THE STATIONS. Protestantism at Aintab is entering on the second stage of its history. The first period o f novelty and excitement has passed, and some falling off in religious interest is a natural result. But the station report says : “ There are now many earnest Christians among us, abundant in labors and prayer, for the salvation of their friends and kindred, according to the flesh.” The zeal o f opposers has been quickened by the war in America, giving them opportunity to say : “ These Americans cannot be Christians; they fight and kill each other ; and soon they will cease to give money, and Protestantism in Aintab will go down.” Pecuniary considerations also are brought to bear against Protestantism, the Protestants having paid more during the past year to defray expenses in their own community, than was paid for like purposes by the 8,000 Armenians o f the place. Eighteen persons, old and young, influenced by these consider­ ations, have returned to the old. Armenian church ; but nineteen Laborers em­ 00 Civil Community. Education. Churf.hes and Congregations. Preaching. ployed. 0*0 3 Native. rC . Cfi Q •81 •s ° S t a t i o n s a n d O u t -S t a t i o n s . 2.2 O 0) 11 ê s | P*

Aintab, 345 2,050 370 290 000 870 19 105 292 950 Birijlk, . 110 30 5 35 35 4 18 85 Orool, . 42 20 20 40 40 50

Jibbin, . 46 10 5 15 20 50 TURKEY. CENTRAL Ehnesb, 20 6 6 15 Hassan Beyll, 11 16 16 20 Marash, . 031 220 1,101 210 140 350 200 550 59 281 251 700 Albustan, 84 20 147 35 10 45 30 75 15 15 80 Yarpuz, 13 23 12 10 30 16 KleWfly, 2 4 3 3 5 Fundajak, Ajimll, . Aleppo, 43 60 30 30 60 Kfllis, . ‘ 113 214 118 150 Eybez, . 20 Oorfa, 153 259 98 170 Adiaman, 97 149 32 100 Scycrek, 75 42 50 Besne, . 10 Antioch, . 11 23 23 25 Bltias. . 101 185 32 74 Haji Habebli 13 23 15 15 Adana, . Tarsus, Kepse, , 16 10 30 11 ICessab, 260 101 475 151 330 EWz Olook, See. 149 63 254 41 140 Baghjughaz,, 33 11 55 21 30

Totals, 1,757 5,329 1,628 2,272 12 3,136 oo CO 90 CENTRAL TURKEY. [Report, were received to the Protestant church, making its membership 292 at the end of the year. On the first Sabbath of last May, fifty-two others— twenty-four males and twenty-eight females — were admitted. The church has become so large, that a second one is about to be organized. The remarkable development before reported, continues to go on in Marash. Fifty-nine were added to the church in 1861, and since then thirty-four were received, at the communion in April, making the whole number 275. A second church will soon be formed there also. Mr. White well remarks: ‘‘ Could we have two churches with their own pastors, supported on small salaries, by the churches themselves, I should feel that a most important advance had been made.” Nine helpers, besides the native pastor Avedis, have aided the work in the Marash district. Theological instruction has been given to them. The “ Soul-loving ” Missionary Society has employed five men, most of the time in evangelistic labors. Of the general advance of Protestant influence, Mr. White reports: “ The Protestant community at Marash has increased during the year to 1,101 persons— 631 males and 470 females. This uumber does not indicate the whole strength of Protestantism, as many have become alienated from the old church, who, for pecuniary reasons, or from fear of persecution, have not joined the Protestants. They have learned enough of the truth to know that their religion of dead forms is unscriptural; and what they think cannot be sustained by the Bible they will not tol­ erate for a moment, for they have a most sacred veneration for the Scriptures. A ‘ Thus saith the Lord,’ is the end of all con­ troversy with them. The truth and light o f the gospel are penetrating every rank of society, and disturbing the long repose in sin. And the enemy is contending with himself. The Romanists and Armenians for some months past have been engaged in a war of extermination, one against the other; and the result is, that God is glorified. By this means, the light of the gospel is more rapidly spread among them ; for, frequently, the Armenians come to us for the true interpretation o f the Scriptures on those points which are under discussion. Those who come out and avow themselves Protestants, and stand the first shock o f persecution, seldom go back; for there is enough o f persecution yet to determine what is pure gold and what is mere dross.” In the Antioch field there has been little apparent progress. “ The straitened circumstances o f the Board,” says the station report, “ necessitating the abandonment of schools and the withdrawal of helpers, has operated against us.” The Antioch school, supported by special funds from England, was doing well, and exerting a happy influence, up to November last, when 1862.] CENTRAL TURKEY. 91 the unexpected death of the teacher, who had been received to the church a few days before, dashed all the hopes which were built upon him. The school has been kept open since, by a young man of the city, in the hope that another teacher may soon be procured. No additions were made to the church dur­ ing the year; but when the report was written, there were six candidates, who were expected to be received at the next com­ munion season. The influence of the sad division at K essab, mentioned in the Report of last year, has been felt, but seems now in good measure passing away, and the church is in a better state. At Aleppo it is still the day of small things ; but there is more encouragement than heretofore. The Armenians are more accessible— the Bible is found in many houses, and many admit that truth is with the Protestants. These, though few, are active, and two young men have joined them. A decided advance has been made in Killis. A large addition, of excellent character, has given strength to the Protestant community, and the church prospers spiritually. At Eybez, where labors were carried on prosperously for a time, the enemy stirred up the Turkish Bey, who drove the helper from the place; but prayer was made continually, the new Protestants (fifty or sixty souls in ten families) stood firm, and just before the report was written a letter came from the Bey, in these remarkable words: “ Although, some time since, I drove the Protestant teacher from this place, I have received no profit from it, and now give my permission for his return.” Mr. Nutting spends seven months of the year at Oorfa, and the five months of heat at A diam an. There is pleasing pro­ gress in both thesef places, and at the several out-stations. A church of six members has been organized in Severek, and a congregation o f ninety has been gathered at B’chesne. In all the congregations a marked improvement is observed in know­ ledge, and attention to family religion and parental duty.

CHARACTER OF THE CONVERTS. Abundant testimony is furnished in respect to the power of divine grace in its dealings with manifold imperfections in the subjects of its operations. The Christian activity of many, and their self-denying spirit of benevolence, are very gratifying. Mr. White remarks, o f the church in Marash: “ Nothing could be more cheering to the missionary than the simple piety of this people, and their steady growth in the knowledge of the Scrip­ tures. The year was ushered in with prayer, and the influence of those prayers and efforts has been felt. No troubles have arisen in the church. Perfectly united in every good word and work, the Lord has been pleased to bless them greatly. The 92 EASTERN TURKEY. [Report,

H oly Spirit has visited them, and many souls have been born again. The work this winter has been much more quiet than that o f last season, but perhaps none the less wonderful in its results.” Mr. White also states that the entire value of property, includ­ ing their houses, shops, vineyards, clothing, every thing belong­ ing to the Protestant community, is not more than $20,000; yet they pay a tax of $800 to Government, and have given, during the year, for schools, 3,700 piastres, to the Hokesiragan, (Soul- loving society,) 3,500, for the poor, 2,000, and for building a school-house, 5,500; in all 14,700 piastres, (about $500.) The congregation at Oorfa numbers less than two hundred souls, and the church has only fifteen members. Their general condition is like that of the people elsewhere, one o f extreme poverty. Y et they now support three teachers o f schools, and expect next year to meet all their expenses as a congregation without aid from missionary funds. The policy o f self-support, at the earliest day possible, is having a pleasing development in this mission.

DR. GOODELL’S VISIT. Dr. Goodell, of Constantinople, attended the last annual meet­ ing of the mission, as a delegate from the Western Mission. In an interesting letter, published in the September number of the Missionary Herald, he remarks: “ This Central Mission was a daughter of our Northern one, but the daughter is already larger than the mother. God has indeed done marvellous things for that mission, whereof many hearts are glad, and for which all Christendom ought to render hearty thanks. The Bible is there, together with the Sabbath and the Sabbath school. The H oly Spirit is there, with all his life-giving powers, and a mighty influence from above attends the labors of God’s servants. The empire of selfishness and sin has received a blow from which it will never recover, and the kingdom of Christ has come there with power. The darkness has fled away, the true light shines, and the dead hear the voice o f the Son of God and live.”

EASTERN TURKEY MISSION.

M o s u l .—T w o native preachers.

D i a r b e k i r . — Augustus Walker, Missionary; David H . Nutting, M. D ., Mis­ sionary Physician; Mrs. Eliza M. Walker, Mrs. Mary E . Nutting. — One native preacher and one teacher.

M a r d i n . — W . F . Williams, Missionary ; Mrs. Williams. — One native preach­ er, one teacher and one helper. 1862.] EASTERN TURKEY. 93

B i t l i s . — George C. Knapp, Lysander T. Burbank, Missionaries; Mrs. Alzina M. Knapp, Mrs. Sarah S. Burbank. — One native preacher and one helper.

E r z r o o m . — George A . Pollard, Missiotiary; Mrs. Mary Helen Pollard.— One native preacher and one teacher.

A r a j s k i r . — Sanford Richardson, Missionary; Mrs. Hhoda Ann Richardson. — One native preacher and two teachers.

K h a r p o o t . — Orson P. Allen, Crosby H . "Wheeler, Herman N . Barnum, M is­ sionaries ; Mrs. Caroline R . Allen, Mrs. Susan A . Wheeler, Mrs. Mary E. Bar­ num, Miss Arabella L. Babcock. — One native pastor and one teacher/ In this country. — Henri B. Haskell, M. D ., Missionary Physician; Mrs. Lucy C. Lobdell, Mrs. Sarah J. Haskell.

O u t - S t a t i o n s . Dependent on

M o s u l . — Hassan, one preacher and one teacher. Jennet, one preacher and one teacher.

D i a r h e k i r . — Kutterbul, o n e p r e a c h e r . Ilainee, one preacher and one teacher. Chermook, one teacher. Karabash, one teacher.

M a r d i n . — Kulluth, one preacher.

B i t l i s .— Moosh, one preacher.

E r z r o o m . — Trebizond, (no report last year.) one pastor, one preacher and one t e a c h e r . Chevirmee, (no report last year,) one helper and one teacher.

A r a b k i r — Malatia, one preacher. Keban Maden, one preacher. Mashkir, one preacher. Shapik, one pastor. Agn Village, one teacher. Vank, o n e t e a c h e r .

K harpoot. — Bismiishen, one helper. Choonkoosh, one helper and one teacher. Geghi, one helper and one teacher. Haboosi, one helper. Heusinic, one helper. Hoghi, one helper. Hoolakegh, one teacher. Ichmeh, one helper. Mezereh, o r e t e a c h e r . Palu, one helper and one teacher. Perchenj, one helper. Shukhaji, one helper. 7 stations. 28 out-stations. 9 missionaries. 2 missionary physicians. 13 female assistant missionaries. 3 native pastors. 17 native licensed preachers. 21 native teachers. 13 native helpers.

Circumstances in the domestic relations of Mr. Marsh brought him, several months ago, very reluctantly, to the conclusion that duty required of him to abandon, at least for some time, his hope o f return to the missionary field. His connection with the Board has therefore, at his request, and to the great regret of his brethren and the Committee, been dissolved. Dr. Haskell con­ tinues in feeble health, with little prospect of being able to resume the work in which he was greatly useful. The sudden death of Dr. Jewett, at Liverpool, on his way to the field of this mission, has been noticed in the report on the Western Mission. Miss Arabella L. Babcock sailed with Dr. and Mrs. Jewett, and proceeded from England to Constantinople, and thence to Kharpoot, where she is to have charge o f a girl’s iagb 39 üftBn. Greerny; 40

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Tigris É ngr.avocL "Irjr SchttrDjeitf & C9 IN".X EASTERN TURKEY. 95 boarding-school, A new missionary is under appointment to the mission, and expects to be associated with Mr. Pollard, who has removed from Arabkir to Erzroom. The number o f stations is the same as reported last year; but the out-stations are eight less. The native pastors and preachers are the same in the annual tabular view, although we are informed of the ordination of a pastor at Shapik, an out- station o f Arabkir. The former pastor at Khanoos, after a term of labor in Moosh, now assists the missionaries at Bitlis.

RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS. The statistics of the churches and schools are presented in a tabular form on the next page. There are eleven churches, from two of which reports have not been received. The num­ ber added to nine churches, during the year, is 46. The whole number of members was 312 at the close of 1861, and 344 from the beginning. The theological or training school at Kharpoot, contains 24 pupils ; and there are 948 pupils in 41 common schools. Of these, 739 are males, and 209 are females. Thirty places of stated preaching have been occupied. These are eight less than in the previous year; but the aggregate number in regular congregations has averaged 1,338, which is an increase of 173.

THE ARABIC PORTION OF THE FIELD.

This is the part occupied by what was formerly designated The Assyria Mission. Mr. Marsh and Dr. Haskell being in this country, Mr. Williams has been mostly alone in charge of the Arabic work. The burden has been heavy upon him. Mr. Williams makes Mardin— the ecclesiastical capital of the Syrian church— the centre of his operations. He is about to commence there a small training school for helpers, and ulti­ mately preachers ; and earnestly entreats for associates, to be furnished him without delay. His absence from the mission, and the direction of his labors elsewhere for a time after his return, left Mardin without a resident missionary during the greater part of the two years 1860 and 1861. Yet he writes, “ the congregation has more than doubled since the report of January, 1860, and Protestantism occupies a much more favor­ able position than it did then. But as yet, we look in vain for a manifestation o f spiritual life. The intellect accepts the truth— the heart seems not to feel its power, to the same extent.” The number of Protestants at Mardin is reported as sixty-five males and forty-seven females; “ but, mostly, they are not too much Protestant.” At the out-station, Kulluth, the helper still occupies his post, amid many discouragements. The 96 EASTERN TURKEY. [Report, J j J

S t a t i o n s a n d O d t - S t a t i o n s . year. the beginning. the Pupils. of of 1861. Common Schools. Common Churches. Whole from number Received Received during the at Members the end Theological Schools. Pupils. Female Whole number ofWhole number Male PupilB. PupilB. Male Excommunicated. Excommunicated. i i do. in j Students i Mosul, 1 20 22 4 40 30 70 Hassan, . 1 12 3 15 Jennet, . • 1 12 • 12 Diarbekir, . 1 13 84 94 3 70 40 110 Kutterbul, 1 18 . 18 Hainee, . 1 22 22 Chermook, 1 10 . 10 Karabash, 1 13 • 13 Mar din, 1 10 5 15 Kulluth, . 1 20 5 25

Bitlis, Moosh, . • •• Erzroom, 1 6 6 6 1 20 20 Trebizond, 1 19 19 1 34 34 Chevirmee, 1 11 11 1 30 30

Arabkir, 1 10 57 64 65 25 90 Malatia, . 1 40 5 45 Keban Maden, 1 17 17 1 16 4 20 Mashkir, 1 19 19 1 15 5 20 Shapik, . 1 3 15 15 1 32 8 40 Agn Tillage, . 1 3 11 11 1 8 4 12 Vank, • •• 1 7 3 10 Kharpoot, 1 11 53 58 1 24 30 27 81 Bismushen, 1 10 3 13 Choonkoosh, . 1 20 4 24 Geghi, . 1 20 2 22 Haboosi, . 1 17 2 19 Heusinic, 1 9 # 9 Hoghi, . 1 11 8 19 Hoolakegh, 1 36 14 50 Ichmeh, . 1 14 1 15 Mezereh, 1 15 7 22 Palu, . . 1 20 # 20 Perchenj, 1 31 1 32 Shukhaji, • 1 12 3 15

Totals, . 11 46 1 312 344 1 24 41 739 209 972 attendance upon preaching there is much less than formerly. Mr. Walker, having visited Kulluth, wrote : “ I Was much gratified with the manifest influence for good upon young and old, exerted by Elias. Our coming cheered him greatly, for he had much to endure in such a place. And as eighteen or twenty strong, rude men sat around us that evening on the roof, and conversed respecting their duties to G od and to „one 1862.] EASTERN TURKEY. 97

another, I could not but feel that Elias’s labors must not be denied to that village. He is a light in the midst of great moral dark­ ness, and it is a darkness that can be felt.” The position of things in Jebel Tour is for the most part unchanged. “ It is the opinion of our most intelligent and judicious native helper,” says Mr. Williams, “ that we can do nothing effectual in the mountains, until, in some way, a polit­ ical head can be sustained, who, reliable in his own character, can give his whole strength to the administration o f community matters.” There is no present persecution o f Protestants in any part of this field, but the oppression of the Government forced loan is severely felt by all classes. The congregation at Mosul continues about the same as when missionaries were there. There has been no increase in the number of church members. Mr. Walker wrote, after a visit made by him : “ It has seemed best to reduce considerably the number of employees of the station, and thus the expense. There are now only a preacher, a teacher of the boys’ school, and a teacher of the girls’ school; and these, I believe, are as many as are desirable now.” The British Consul and Mrs. Rassam express the strong desire that the station may not be abandoned by the American missionaries. The church has sent to the Prudential Committee an affecting plea for mission­ aries to be again stationed there. In connection with the visit above referred to, Mr. Walker performed a tour o f more than one thousand miles. He made observations on the spiritual destitution of the people, which were very painful, but also found much to encourage him in his missionary work. Speaking of Mediat, a place about eight hours distant from Kulluth, he remarks : “ It is the centre o f a large district in which are many Jacobite villages. The popu­ lation is entirely Jacobite ; Christian in name, but in that alone ; in character and conduct differing not a whit from the rude Koords around them ; their relations to one another, even in the same village, being more in the way of blood-feuds than any thing else. The leaders of the factions, although near relatives, dare not pass from their own quarter o f the village to another without several attendants. Each desires to be the acknowledged chief o f the village; and each regards with deadly hatred whoever may secure this pre-eminence. It was pleasant to find in this place a young Protestant from Mardin, zealous for the truth ; and I hope his temporary stay will not be without some influence for good.” Of another place and its helper he writes: “ On Monday evening I saw what I regard as better fruit o f Ishaac’s influence than any at Mar Aha, when I reached the village of Hassan, nine hours distant to the south-east, where we were welcomed 98 eastern turkey. [Report, by the young Bishop Yusef, who has been gained, as we trust, by Ishaac’s influence, to evangelical truth and evangelical piety also. He was formerly at Shah, his native village, between Mar Aha and Hassan ; but his greater conformity to the Scrip­ tures tended to excite opposition and cut off his resources, so that he was taken into the employ of the Mosul station. He spent three weeks with me at Diarbekir last spring, and we determined upon another place of labor, where he could exert a greater influence. The people of Hassan invited him to their village. Here he had a school of from fifteen to twenty chil­ dren, and it was quite apparent that the Bible and its blessed truths were being opened to the whole village as never before, and some, at least, were greatly rejoicing therein. The young man who came with us as guide in the morning, said: ‘ W e were in darkness before, but the bishop has come and taught us the gospel way. It was all entirely new to us, but now to some of us it is dear. W e love to learn these blessed truths, and we desire to do them.’ ”

THE ARMENIAN FIELD. Diarbekir has a mingled population; but though it was for­ merly included in the Assyria mission, its more important rela­ tions are with the Armenian field. T o the church at this station thirteen persons were added by profession during the year, three o f Avhom were from the village o f Kutterbul; and three young men give promise o f becoming hereafter useful preachers o f the gospel. The church now numbers eighty-four. The Sabbath school contains two hundred and eighty-four pupils. The congregation hope to relieve the Board of all expense for the schools in the city. The people have shown great liberality; about $440 o f their contributions, in all, hav­ ing passed through the hands of the missionaries, not including their own community expenses and charities; “ and this in a year when, in addition to their usual heavy taxes, they have had to pay a forced loan to Government, equal to a whole year’s ordinary tax.” Respecting the out-stations, it is said that at Hainee, there is sensible advance from year to year, though less rapid than could be desired. At Kutterbul, a commodious building has been erected for a chapel and school-room, and it is hoped that a separate church will soon be organized. In Chermook, the congregation has increased but little, yet warm hearts are there, and a manifestation o f willingness to endure hardship for Christ’s sake. Some interest in the truth has appeared at Hazro, and so earnest a plea for a helper that all aid could not be refused, and a member o f the church, a mechanic, was sent 1862.] EASTERN TURKEY. 99 to that place for some months. In the Arabic part of the field, little has been done to meet the earnest wish of a few at Sert, who have long desired a preacher and teacher. At Karabash, some o f the brethren of Diarbekir have established a school, and they propose to support a helper there during five or six months of the winter and spring. Six or eight men in Karabash are found willing to listen to the teachings of the Bible. The Armenian population of Erzroom is increasing, and the importance of re-occupying it as a station is more deeply felt. It is to be regretted that it was left without a missionary during the last year. It is hoped that Mr. Pollard’s removal to that place will be followed by a reviving of spiritual interest in the city, and a new evangelical activity in the large district which is most easily supervised from that centre. The development at Bitlis is not very rapid, but is encour­ aging, considering how recently the station was formed. The progress, indeed, say the brethren, has been greater than, from any human point of view, could have been expected. A severe persecution in the spring of 1861, diminished the number of hearers; and yet the average congregations of the year were twice as great as in 1860. The attendants are now mostly young men, drawn together not by idle curiosity, but, appar­ ently, by love for the truth. About twenty are open Protestants. The Bible class, which was entirely broken up, has been reor­ ganized, and is regularly attended by about thirty young men, whose improvement is very marked. Sabbath school instruction is found to be well adapted to the Eastern mind. The women’s meeting, conducted by the missionary ladies, is well attended. A school for girls was opened, but was broken up by the violent opposition of Armenian ecclesiastics, who, as the result of the contest, have themselves commenced a free school for boys and girls. They have also begun a preaching service, wishing to convince the people that they have no excuse for becoming Protestants. Attempts to secure a suitable place for a Protestant cemetery have as yet been defeated by opposers. The work at the out-station o f Moosh is prosperous; but, owing to want of funds, only one native helper is employed among its 50,000 inhabitants, two-thirds of whom are nominal Christians. Including the plains of Boolanuk, the whole field now ex­ plored, which probably does not embrace half of that belonging to Bitlis station, presents an aggregate (including the towns of Bitlis and Moosh) of two hundred towns and villages, contain­ ing more than 15,000 houses, or 120,000 souls. Of these, one hundred and twenty-eight towns and villages are Armenian, with a population o f 71,000. To the church at ArabJcir ten members were added, making its number 57. The congregations have increased. Turkish 100 EASTERN TURKEY. [Report, women have come in to female prayer-meetings. Since the establishment of Protestant schools, the Armenians have opened quite a number o f new schools for their own children, in some of which a large proportion of the pupils are girls, showing a great increase o f interest in female education. A few years since, it was considered a shame for a female to learn to read. A generally favorable report is given o f the six out-stations. The year, at Kharpooi, has been one o f much labor and anx­ iety to the missionaries, because of the greatness of the work on their hands and the straitness of funds. Enemies have exulted, and have taken occasion to spread all manner of evil reports. Efforts made to diminish expenses were reported in the Herald for December, 1861, and March, 1862. The mis­ sionaries do not fear permanent injury from this financial pres­ sure, but expect some good results, in the development of more self-sacrificing energy on the part of the native helpers and the Protestants generally. The church numbers fifty-three, having received an accession of eleven persons. The people pay two hundred dollars towards the support of their pastor, a native. No village churches have as yet been formed, but the city church includes members from nine places. At three o f these it is hoped churches may be organized and pastors settled at no dis­ tant period. Three out-stations were occupied by resident help­ ers, and nine were supplied with Sabbath services by students of the theological or training school. The pupils in that school give great satisfaction by their thoroughness in study, the tone of their piety, and the usefulness of their Sabbath and vacation labors. Much effort is made to train them to habits of economy and self-support, as far as possible, while pursuing their studies, and of constant efforts for the good of others.

EXTENT OF THE FIELD VAN. The field o f this mission embraces the cradle of the human race, and the earliest seats of civilization and empire. It in­ cludes ancient Armenia, Assyria, and a portion of Mesopotamia. Mr. Burbank regards the district connected with the new station of Bitlis, as sustaining a relation to the Turkish empire similar to that which New England bears to the United States. The Committee agree with the mission in regard to the great desirableness of occupying Yan. This is necessary to the evangelizing of the whole Armenian people, and to complete our chain of posts from the Balkans to Oroomiah. The popu­ lation is large, and superior to that of other parts of Eastern Turkey. Mr. Burbank remarks: “ The people o f Van have introduced many European customs; the merchants are ac­ quainted with European commerce; and minds have been awakened from their long slumbers. Many are casting off the 1862.] SYRIA. 101 superstitions of their church ; some for a freer license to their appetites, others from a desire to know the truth. Armenian public sentiment winks at the first class, and bitterly opposes the second ; but ineffectually, for the influence of the leaven of truth, where it has been introduced, cannot be checked. This state of the public mind is favorable for a vigorous commence­ ment of missionary labor. The Armenian ecclesiastics cannot again stupefy the awakened mind, and it must become infidel or Protestant. Of the two, they choose the infidel ; for that is not so totally inconsistent with the observance of their church rites. It remains very much with this generation to decide which o f these movements shall prevail for centuries to come. If it is to be Protestant, the struggle must be commenced before the current is strongly set the other way. The facts in the case, and the lessons of history, render any other conclusion impossible.”

SYRIA MISSION.

B e i r u t . — William M. Thomson, D. I ) . , C. Y . A . Yan Dyck, M. D ., Henry H . Jessup, Missionaries; George C. Hurter, Printer; Mrs. Maria Thomson, Mrs. Julia A . Yan Dyck, Mrs. Caroline Jessup.— One native preacher, three teachers, and one other helper.

A b e i h . — Simeon H . Calhoun, William Bird, Missionaries; Mrs. Emily P. Calhoun, Mrs. Sarah F. Bird.— One native preacher, and four teachers.

S u k e l G h u r b — One native teacher, and one helper.

S i d o n a n d H a s b e i y a . — J. Edwards Ford, J. Lorenzo Lyons, Missionaries; Mrs. Mary P. Ford, Mrs. Catharine N . Lyons; Miss Adelaide L. Mason, Teacher o f the Female Boarding School.— Two native preachers, and eight teachers.

H u m s . — One native preacher.

T r i p o l i . — (Vacant. J Jn this country. — Daniel Bliss, William W . Eddy, Missionaries; Mrs. Abby M . Bliss, Mrs. H . M. Eddy, Mrs. Elizabeth Hurter.

O u t - s t a t i o n s . — Ain-Zehalty, Alma, Aramon, Boaida, Bteddin, Cana, Deir- Kobel, Deir-Mimas, Hasbeiya, Ibl, Kheiyam, Rasheiya, Tyre. £ stations. 12 out-stations. 9 missionaries — one a physician. 1 printer. 11 female assistant missionaries. 5 native preachers. 16 teachers. 2 other helpers.

Mr. and Mrs. Bird left this country May 31, on their return to their missionary work. Owing to the disastrous effect of the war upon their former location, Deir-el Komr, they have been transferred to Abeih. Mr. Hurter, having spent several months in this country, to avail himself o f the latest improvements Lan^täg jEagt. 36 from, greemrich.

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Sfi 32agtaire3.Try SchÄnbecg- •& C.>3H3f SYRIA. 10S in printing and binding, left for Beirut, June 20. In view of pressing demands, Mr. Jessup has been transferred to Beirut, and Mr. Lyons to Sidon, thus leaving Tripoli deprived of both its missionaries. Miss Temple having returned to this country, for domestic reasons, has, at her own request, been released from her connection with the Board. She retires with the high esteem of all with whom she was associated. Mr. Bliss is now on a visit to the United States, having recently arrived.

STATE OF THE COUNTRY, AND ITS EFFECT ON MISSIONARY LABOR. Of the refugees from Hasbeiya, Rasheiya, and other places, thousands still remain in the cities of the sea-coast, not daring to return where their property is appropriated and their lives are threatened. Most o f these are in a needy and precarious condition. It has operated against the progress o f the gospel, that, in the late intervention, the English Government seemed to espouse the cause of the Moslems and Druzes, while the French favored the native Christians; and thus a prejudice has been created against England in the minds of the nominally Christian popu­ lation, as having been the cause of keeping the country in its present unsettled state. All Protestants are characterized as English, and thus the prejudice has been extended from the nation to the religion; while in the new favor which France has gained, the Jesuits are reaping a harvest of influence. It has also operated against Protestantism, that England, hitherto its protectress, should, in the late diplomatic settlement of Syrian affairs, have lost somewhat of her political power in the land, while the French Government has obtained a decided advantage, to be laid at the feet of the Papacy. The new Governor, Daoud Pasha, whom foreign intervention secured for Mt. Lebanon, proves to be a bigoted Papist, and a tool o f the Jesuits. Still farther, according to the new rules of government, every officer in Mt. Lebanon, from the highest to the lowest, partly in theory and wholly in practice, is chosen by the clergy, thereby giving them greater power than ever before for evil. But with men and means, and the blessing of God, the missionaries are confident they can so plant the gospel in Syria that even the gates of hell cannot prevail against it. It is encouraging to know, that the seeming disasters of the past have been overruled to the furtherance of the gospel.

SIGNS OF PROGRESS. The light is spreading. Petitions and deputations, with urgent appeals for religious teachers, are constantly being re­ ceived-by the missionaries. In the city of Hums, two hundred 104 SYRIA. [Report, and fifty persons avowed themselves Protestants, and sought earnestly for a Christian instructor. In the want of a mission­ ary, a pious and excellent native helper was sent to them. From numerous villages in Mt. Lebanon, even from those which were supposed to be so walled in by prejudice and superstition as to be inaccessible to the gospel, men are pleading to be instructed. T w o hundred and thirty-two Maronites in Bteddin have now, for several months, adhered steadfastly to the gospel, and a flourishing school exists among them. The missionary, on his visits to them, was so warmly welcomed that his feelings of joy and gratitude well nigh overpowered him. In Cana, the Protestant community has increased three-fold. The place for meeting, a private room, is too strait, and there is pressing need o f a church building. The same is true of Deir-Mimas. The mission reports state that there has never been a time when so many were awake and inquiring on the subject of religion. More persons have avowed themselves Protestants within the last twelve months than during the whole previous forty years. The motives of the professed Protestants are often far from being purely religious, but this has always been the case, and after the chaff is blown away, by the winds of perse­ cution, there will remain much precious wheat to be gathered into the garner of the Lord.

MERJ-AIYUN THE CHURCHES RELIGIOUS AWAKENING. The word of God has been preached by the missionaries and the native helpers in an unusually large number o f places. A new church edifice has been built in Merj-Aiyun, costing about five hundred dollars, without drawing from the resources o f the Board, and a new church has been formed in that district, of seventeen members, most of them previously members of the Hasbeiya church. In the Sidon field, six persons have been admitted to the church, and there are twenty-two hopeful can­ didates applying. In Beirut, two persons have been admitted, and seven promising applicants were reported. In Abeih, seven new members have been added, and eight or ten others are seeking admission. A hopeful sign of religious growth has been an awakened missionary spirit in the churches. Associations have been formed, including males and females, for making weekly offer­ ings— which are large, considering the poverty o f the people — to send the gospel to destitute parts of the country. T h ey now support a native preacher in Hums, and a city missionary in Beirut, and supply preachers for several other localities on the Sabbath. A small { Missionary Herald’ is published in Arabic, at their own expense, and the monthly concerts are well at­ 1862.] SYRIA. 105 tended. Thus has the piety o f the churches received a new impulse. Bible classes have been largely increased, and an unusual number o f adults are learning to read in order to study the Scriptures. This zeal is particularly manifest among the females, in one village over forty women coming daily to the missionary’s wife for this purpose. As many as thirty of the best Sabbath school songs published in America, have been translated into Arabic. Some have been added to these, composed by pious natives, and the whole pub­ lished at the expense o f a sewing society formed in Beirut for the purpose. Numerous children have learned to sing these songs, and thus gospel truths, in an attractive form, fly over the land.

PERSECUTIONS. There has of late been a revival of the old persecuting spirit, which marked the earty history o f the mission. As the truth makes progress, Satan and his emissaries are stirred up to more vigorous opposition. New powers have been given to the clergy, and as England seems not to have her former power to protect, waters of a full cup are wrung out to the Protestants. In Hums they were, by the influence of the Greek clergy, deprived of business, imprisoned and threatened with death. They were railed upon and stoned in the streets, their place of wor­ ship was violently assailed, and men lay in wait to beat them as they returned to their homes at night. Under this fiery ordeal, it is not wonderful that numbers of those not yet fully instructed in the truth should have yielded to the pressure and turned backwards. In Ain Zehalty, the former Greek Catholic church, built and owned by those now become Protestants, and by them redeemed from its former superstitious worship and newly consecrated to Christ, has been arbitrarily wrested from them by the new Papal Governor, Daoud Pasha, and given over to the clergy. He has also proceeded to oppress the Protestants by unjust taxes, heavy fines and imprisonment — four of them being now in prison without examination. In Bteddin, the Protestants are tenants of lands owned by the monks of a Maronite convent. T hey are not now permitted to rebuild their houses, which were burned in the war, and there is every probability o f their being utterly driven from their village by the merciless monks, sustained by the authority of Daoud Pasha. In several other places the same storm of violence beats upon the defenseless heads of the Protestants, and while these have appealed to the missionaries, with prayers and tears for aid, all intervention in their behalf proves powerless, and it only becomes more and more manifest that there is no prospect of rest or protection while the present Government exists in Mt. Lebanon.

4 106 STRIA. [Report,

EDUCATION REVIVAL OF LETTERS. The disturbed state of the country, and the limited means at the disposal o f the mission, have restricted .efforts in the de­ partment of education. Some o f the more important day- schools have been continued with good results, but the majority have been closed. The male seminary has only been open for the instruction o f a theological class, whose expenses have been borne by the liberality of a private individual in the United States. The female boarding-school has been closed until within the last three months. Owing to extensive efforts put forth for female education in Beirut and vicinity by be­ nevolent English and Prussian Protestant ladies, the call upon the mission for effort in that direction has seemed less impera­ tive, and accordingly the boarding-school has been transferred to Sidon, where, under the care of Miss Mason, it is now open, with the promise of good to the females of that district. As the people of Syria are brought more in contact with European civilization, they feel their need of a higher intellec­ tual training. Accordingly there has risen, of late, throughout the whole land, a new and urgent demand for educational privileges. So urgent has this appeal become that it marks an epoch in the history o f Syria,— a transition period, which ought to be taken advantage of, for pouring in gospel light. Of this awakening the Jesuits are striving to reap the benefit. T h ey have opened colleges and seminaries in various parts of the country, and they hold out every attraction in order to draw under their influence every candidate for instruction. In this exigency, the question has been considered by the mission, whether advantage should not be taken of proffered liberality by Christian friends to found a Protestant college in Beirut, and whether they ought not to surrender Mr. Bliss, one o f their own number, to take charge of the institution.

TRANSLATION AND CIRCULATION OF THE SCRIPTURES. The work of translating the Old Testament has advanced to the second book of Kings. Of the completed New Testament translation, the first pocket edition, o f 5,000 copies, was speedily exhausted, and a new edition is now being printed. The vo weled edition of the New Testament for Moslems, has advanced to the book of Acts. This costs an incredible amount of care and toil to secure accuracy; and it is a matter of much solicitude lest Dr. Van Dyck should not have strength to carry on these arduous labors. The number o f copies of the Scriptures sold during the year is 1,234; a much less number than last year, owing to the exhaustion o f the pocket edition and the large 1862.] NESTORIANS. 107 supply previously taken by the people. There has been a sim­ ilar falling off in the sale of books and tracts, as some of the most popular works are out of print, and the mission are with­ out funds to print new editions. It is an interesting fact, that quite a number o f copies of the Old Testament have been sold in advance, the whole book being paid for, and the sheets taken as they come from the press.

RETRENCHMENTS REINFORCEMENTS. The missionaries have cheerfully borne the privations inci­ dent to a voluntary diminution of their salaries, but they have suffered the deepest pain in being compelled to suspend so many of their schools, and to see their press shorn of its strength for want of means to reprint important works. The calls for reinforcements have been this year louder than ever, in view of the increasing demands for labor, and the few­ ness and feebleness o f those engaged. All the Northern por­ tion o f the field is without a missionary. It thus appears that, on the one side, the prospect is all cheer­ ing. Mind is awakening, doors are opening, harvests are whit­ ening, God is answering the prayers of saints, and bringing to life seed sown in the past, by some laborers now living and others in their graves. On the other side, are restricted means, and an enfeebled mission; and the call upon Christians now is for such self-denying effort and prayer as will meet the leadings of Providence.

N ESTORI AN MISSION.

O r o o m i a h .— Samuel A . Rhea, Henry N . Cobb, Missionaries; Frank N . H . Young, M. D ., Missionary Physician; Mrs. Sarah Jane Rhea, Mrs. Matilda E. Cobb; Miss Mary Susan Rice, Mias Aura J. Beach, Teachers.

S e i r .— Joseph G\ Cochran, Benjamin Labaree, Jr., Missionaries; Mrs. Deb­ orah P. Cochran, Mrs. Elizabeth W . Labaree; Miss Harriet N . Crawford, Teacher.

S a l m a s .— John H. Shedd, Missionary; Mrs. Sarah J. Shedd. In this country.— Austin H . Wright, M. D ., George W . Coan, Missionaries; Mrs. C. B. Perkins, Mrs. Catharine M. Wright, Mrs. Sarah P. Coan, Mrs. Sarah A . Breath, Mrs. Esther E. Thompson ; Miss Fidelia Fisk, Teacher. Returning to Persia.— Justin Perkins, D . D .

O u t - s t a t i o n s . Ada.— One native teacher, one catechist, and one teacher. , Aliabad.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. AJkai.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. Alwaj.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. Anhar.— One native preacher, and one teacher. 108 NESTORIANS. [Report,

Ardishai.— One native preacher, and two teachers. Armoot aghaj.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. Barhamloo.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. Charbash.— One native preacher, and two teachers. Cowsy.— One native preacher, and one teacher. Degala.— One native preacher, and two teachers. Dizza Takka.— One native preacher, and one teacher. Ekee aghaj.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. Gavalan.— One native preacher, and one teacher. Geog Tapa.— Two native preachers, and five teachers. Gulpashan— One native preacher, and three teachers. Kara aghaj.— One native preacher, and one teacher. Kara jaloo.— One native preacher, and one teacher. Mar Sergis.— One native preacher, and one teacher. Nazee.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. Saatloo.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. Saralan.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. Sheerabad.— One native preacher, and two teachers. Shemshigean.— One native preacher, who is also a teacher. Supergan.— One native preacher, and one teacher. Takka.— One native preacher, and one teacher. Wizier awa.— One native preacher, and two teachers. Yengaja.— One native preacher, and one teacher. District o f Salmas.-—Three native preachers, and one teacher. District o f Sooldooz.— One native preacher, and one teacher. District of Tergawer.— Three native preachers, who are also teachers. District o f Gawar.— Four native preachers, and one teacher. District of Amadiah.— Two native preachers, who are also teachers. District o f Tekhoma.— Five native preachers, four of whom are teachers, and one teacher. District of Bass.— Two native preachers. [Each of the seven districts is reckoned as only one out-station, though there are preachers in several villages.]

3 stations. 35 out-stations. 8 missionaries, (one of them a physician.) 1 physician. 14 female assistant missionaries. 54 native preachers at stations and out-stations, 16 of whom are also teachers. *43 teachers. 1 catechist.

Mr. Ambrose, on account of impaired health— not good when he joined the mission— returned to this country early in the year under review, and has been released from his connection with the Board. Mrs. Thompson, from the same cause, was also constrained to leave the field, where her husband fell. She

* These are the numbers given in the Tabular View for 1861. Since that was forwarded by the mission, retrenchment and other causes have reduced them to a lower number —just how tow, it is not stated. Six, numbered as preachers, were employed also as teachers in the seminaries, teachers o f the language to the missionaries, and in connection with the press.

110 NESTORIANS. [Report, spent some time in Constantinople, but is now at home. A sore calamity befell the mission in the death o f Mr. Breath, who was a victim to the cholera, November 18, 1861, after an illness o f only twenty-four hours. “ Our loss,” writes Mr. Coan, “ is irreparable, but his gain infinite. W e who have been most conversant with him the past year, have remarked that he seemed to be fast ripening for heaven.” The health of Mr. Coan requiring a cessation from labor, he has just arrived in this country, with his family, accompanied also by Mrs. Breath and her three fatherless children. Dr. Per­ kins sailed from Boston, August 20, on bis return to his field, leaving his family in this country, Mrs. Perkins’s health being deemed by physicians inadequate to her return, yet not likely to suffer from her husband’s absence for a time.

OPPRESSION AND RESTLESSNESS OF THE PEOPLE. The Nestorians continue to be grievously oppressed by their Mohammedan masters, and during the year have been in a state of great agitation. No benefit resulted from a royal order in their behalf, obtained last year by the English Ambassador at the Persian Court. For a time it excited hopes, which were dashed to the ground. T h ey then turned their longing eyes toward Russia, and for a while were in a state o f feverish excitement. A Nestorian priest, formerly a member of the seminary, had been to Constantinople, and declared his adher­ ence to the Greek church. He made his way to the Russian capital, and, as is supposed, gained the ear o f some of the royal family to his representations respecting the oppressions of his people. He returned with much pomp, assuring the people that Russian priests were coming to reside among them, and to be their protectors. They thought the day o f their deliverance had come. “ Our helpers,” Mr. Coan writes, May 2, “ are, in many instances, sorely persecuted by the people, simply for counseling moderation in their expectations. The first lisp of discredit on their part, is construed into treachery to the interests o f the people, and they are frowned down. Some of our communicants have been driven from their villages, and efforts are made in some places to drive out our helpers. It is vain to reason with the people, for they are so possessed o f this one idea, that they will listen to nothing except to the hopes held out of freedom from oppression.” In May, Mr. Shedd was at Tabreez, where he learned that a Russian bishop and two or three priests were studying the Syriac language at Erivan, with a view o f going to Oroomiah ; that a member o f the royal fam­ ily of Russia was a patron o f the movement, and that a liberal sum was provided for its expenses. In June, however, Mr. Rhea 1862.] NESTORIANS. Ill writes: “ O f the Russian movement we hear nothing. I think but little hope is entertained that either Russian priests or Russian officers will make their appearance soon in Oroomiah, Those who deluded the people by specious promises, and thus initiated the movement, are now crest-fallen. The evangelical party, with two or three exceptions, have kept themselves entirely aloof from the affair.” The Persian Government became aware o f this agitation, and fearing the influence and power from the north, issued stringent orders in behalf of their Christian subjects. T o execute these orders, that wily, treacherous man, Askar Aly Khan— often named of late years in the annals of the mission — was sent to Oroomiah. But the Christians will never trust him, or the Gov­ ernment whose agent he is. It may perhaps be the design of Providence to allow the great northern power to extend over northern Persia, to break the Mohammedan yoke there, and thus remove the death penalty, which is now a bar to the con­ version of the Persians to Christ.

REVIVAL CHURCH FELLOWSHIP. The civil distractions of the people, and various other causes, have been obstacles to the full success of efforts to bring men to Christ. Still, God has not forsaken his own work. The week o f prayer, in January, was observed by the missionaries and their helpers throughout the field, and the season was one o f great interest. O f the revival in the seminaries, which occurred in February, Mr. Cobb writes: “ Though not marked by such powerful manifestations as have attended previous revivals in these often blessed institutions, the work has been such as to quicken the faith and encourage the hearts of us all.” Of a prayer-meeting in the male seminary, held at twilight one Sab­ bath evening, Mr. Cochran writes: “ Nearly the whole school were in tears. With streaming eyes, the young men spoke and prayed, many taking part. The meeting, at a later hour, was solemn and impressive, the young men bursting into tears as they sang, ‘ Alas, and did my Saviour bleed.’ ” “ Scenes of equal interest,” Mr. Cobb writes, March 1, “ were witnessed during the succeeding week in the female seminary. On last Saturday evening, the whole school were bowed in earnest sup­ plication, and for some time made no motion when requested by Miss Rice to retire to their closets for private prayer. It was my privilege to speak a word to them while they were thus waiting on the Lord, and I can truly say that I never saw such a scene before. With heads bowed upon the desks before them, and unable to repress entirely the sobs which betokened their deep feeling, they listened to the words, and afterwards 112 NESTORIANS. [Report, engaged in prayer. Even then they were unwilling to leave the school-room, and only after repeated requests did they return to their own rooms, where many of them continued in earnest prayer much farther into the night.” During the year 1861, sixty-two persons were admitted to church fellowship, and five were excommunicated. The whole number admitted is about five hundred. The communion is administered in a larger number of places than heretofore. “ In this step,” Mr. Rhea writes, “ there has been an immense gain. With one or two exceptions, these services have been con­ ducted with the utmost quietness and solemnity, and they are making a deep impression on the minds of the people. It remains that we make these occasions, more and more, seasons of special effort and prayer for the conversion o f sinners, and the awakening of the church.” The gospel relation between pastor and flock is becoming better understood, and their mutual duties are being better discharged.

FULFILLING PLEDGES BENEVOLENCE SELF-SUPPORT. The pledges of offerings to the Lord, made with such marked liberality in April of last year, have been fulfilled, with very few exceptions. Mr. Rhea writes, January 10 : “ The people, for some months past, since the harvest and vintage, have been redeeming their pledges. It is interesting and very affecting, considering their poverty, to see with what heartiness they come forward with their offerings.” During the annual meet­ ing in Gawar, of the mountain helpers, the monthly concert was held, and contributions made to the amount of $52— a large sum for so poor a people. “ Among the offerings were a mare, an ox, sheep, goats, grain, jewelry, head-dresses, & c.” T hey resolved to hold regular monthly concerts in their respective fields, at which they would take up collections: and also to take up an annual collection in their congregations ; the proceeds to be applied to the support o f a mountain helper. It was hardly to be expected that a spirit of liberality would be exhibited this year equal to that of last year. In May, Mr. Coan w rote: “ Our helpers fear to press the matter. One reason is, the Rus­ sian fever still runs h ig h ; and another is, the Mohammedan masters are collecting double the amount of taxes, under the plea that the king is coming to Sultaniah, to muster his hosts.” At the annual meeting, in July, 1861, the mission resolved: “ That the time has come for the people to assume, in whole or in part, the support o f many of the schools on the plain of Oroomiah, and that, except in new villages, no teacher be fur­ nished by the mission, where something is not done for his support.” The mission has perseveringly pressed this sub­ 1862.] NESTORIANS. 113 ject upon the people, and also that of the native pastor’s being supported, in part at least, by his flock. In March, Mr. Cochran wrote: “ The Barandooz congregation, including Seir, will hereafter cheerfully assume the burden of their schools, except­ ing, perhaps, the purchase of books. Some of them have also expressed a willingness to assume a part of the support of their pastors. I trust the day is near when both these measures will be adopted in all the older villages.” The testimony of Mr. Coan on this topic is as follows: “ We have been obliged to draw entirely on the fund contributed by our people last year, for the few schools we have had this year, endeavoring to bring the people in each village to do something more for this object; but I regret to say, not with very great success.” A number of pupils in each seminary contribute liberally toward their support.

EDUCATION THE PRESS. The effort to induce the people to bear the expenses of edu­ cation has reduced the number o f common schools. For the year 1861, they numbered fifty-three, embracing 624 male and 299 female pupils. But in February, of the present year, they were reduced to “ a very small number.” They are likely hereafter to be confined mostly to the congregations. The Tabular Yiew for 1861 states the number of pupils in the male seminary to be forty-seven, and in the female seminary thirty-five. During the present year, the number has been less. In March, the male seminary numbered twenty-seven regular pupils, beside a primary class, “ the members o f which are either day scholars, or lads from abroad, who promise to pay for their board.” The theological class numbered fifteen. The members o f this class had signed a paper, expressing their pur­ pose to preach the gospel. Mr. Labaree has given instruction in Bible exegeses and in chemistry, and Mrs. Labaree in geom­ etry and English. Mrs. Breath has also taught a class in Eng­ lish. Miss Rice has borne a heavy burden in the sole care of the female seminary, Miss Beach having been unable, from protracted sickness, to render her assistance. Still, the dews o f heavenly grace have distilled upon that favored institution, as well as upon the one at Seir. The number of pages printed during the year is 1,003,900, making the sum total from the beginning, 16,267,620. One hundred and seventy volumes of Scripture, and seven hundred and sixty-six other books and tracts have been distributed during the year, most o f them having been sold. Four hundred copies o f the Syriac periodical, called the “ Rays o f Light,” have been printed monthly, and furnished to subscribers. 114 NESTORIANS. [Report,

THE MOUNTAINS. This part o f the Nestorian field is now cultivated by means o f native helpers. Four are located in Gawar, two in Bass, five in Tekhoma, and two in Amadiah. T h ey are under the special charge of Mr. Cobb, who has kept up as regular a cor­ respondence with them as the nature of the roads would allow. In the autumn, two native preachers, one from Oroomiah, the other from Gawar, made an extensive preaching tour through all the large mountain districts, and returned “ with most encour­ aging tidings, and filled with joy and gratitude for what they regarded as the pleasantest preaching tour they had ever made in the mountains.” In Tiary they visited three persons, who were many years ago members of the female seminary in Oroo­ miah, one of them known and loved as the “ praying Sarah.” With them they held sweet counsel! Though in the midst of fiery trials and untold temptations, they appear to “ have kept the love of Christ in their hearts,” and to be walking in the ways of the Lord. Messrs. Cobb and Labaree spent ten days in Gawar, in Octo­ ber, and attended the celebration of the Lord’s supper there, at which were present eighteen communicants from GaAvar, and six from Tekhoma. The annual meeting of mountain helpers, held in Ga<*var, from May 30 to June 2, and attended by Messrs. Rhea and Labaree, was an occasion of great interest. Yarious important subjects were discussed, as “ The faithful pastor’s duty to his flock in preparations for Sabbath labors,” and “ His duties to himself and people during the week ; ” also “ Hin­ drances to the work o f evangelization in the mountains, and their remedy.” Among the latter were, “ The wild and rugged country,” “ Deep snows and avalanches,” “ The deeply rooted superstitions of the people,” and “ The persecutions to which Christians are subjected.” When Deacon Tamo rose to speak, he said : “ All these hindrances I admit, but I will bring them to nought. For the rough roads, we have legs and goats’ hair sandals; for deep snows, wo have ‘ kirdee ’ (snow-shoes); for the darkness and superstitions of the people, we have the light of truth and the sword o f the Spirit; for our persecutions, we have God’s promise of protection, and the firman of the Sultan in behalf of Protestants.” Measures were taken by the native brethren to organize a Protestant community, and thus to break off even their nominal connection with the national church.

SALMAS ARMENIANS— SHERWAN. Mr. Shedd has spent the year in Salmas, and has met with unexpected success there, both among Armenians and Nesto- rians. He has been aided by three native preachers and one 1862.] NESTORIANS. 115 teacher. These helpers are Nestorians, graduates of the sem­ inary at Seir, but “ they are everywhere received by the Arme­ nians ; proving the practicability of initiating the work among them without a large outlay for training Armenian helpers.” It is an easy and natural expansion of the work among the Nestorians. One of the Nestorian brethren was sent, early in the year, to visit the evangelical Armenians in Shenvan, Russia. “ He represents them,” Mr. Cobb writes, “ as faithful in the perform­ ance of their religious duties, and in attendance upon preaching and meetings for social prayer, twice on the Sabbath and three times during the week ; as well acquainted with the Scriptures; as upright and correct in their worldly affairs and daily Aval It ; and known throughout the community as honest in all their dealings— ‘ men of one word/ which is rare praise for a merchant in the East. T hey have adopted the scriptural rule of benevo­ lence, (1 Cor. xvi. 1, 2,) each giving every Sabbath as much as he can afford, to be used in caring for the poor among them, &c. In this way they collected, during the last year, about $350.”

MOHAMMEDANS. The evidence is more and more marked, thaj a spiritual work is going on among the Mohammedans of Persia, though it is still the day of small things. The case of Mr. Shedd’s teacher is o f much interest. “ He is,” writes Mr. Labaree, “ a Russian citizen, and probably for that reason is more bold than another would be. He is not backward to confess his faith in Christ, reads the Scriptures to his Mussulman friends, and when present at the Turkish service in the city, last Sab­ bath, ventured to pray in public, as he does constantly in pri­ vate, praying in a truly Christian manner.” The Koordish Mollah who applied for baptism in 1860, still visits the mission­ aries and the native brethren, reads the Bible, and declares his faith in Christ. The Persian teacher in the male seminary has appeared for a long time to be an earnest believer. A man of some standing in the community has recently died. During his sickness he was attended by Dr. Young. Just before his death, he declared to a pious Nestorian, “ I believe Jesus Christ is God. I am a great sinner, but I trust my soul on him alone with confidence, for the Bible says he died for the sins of the world, and I believe it ; and also for my sins, he died.” “ Have you trust in any other ? ” he was asked. “ No,” he replied, “ in Christ only.” The mission deem it important, that the Scriptures in the Persian-Turkish language should be in process of preparation. A Turkish service has been commenced, where Mussulmans 116 MAHRATTAS. [Report, may hear o f the only Saviour o f lost men. T he hymns, 1 There is a fountain filled with bipod,’ and ‘ Jesus, lover of my soul,’ have been translated into the Persian-Turkish dialect. “ As we sang,” Mr. Rhea writes, “ these touching words, for the first time in this strange tongue * * * it was inspiring to look forward by faith to the day, when these mosques will re­ echo these sacred songs, and the thousands of this city and empire will worship Jesus in this tongue.”

SOUTHERN ASIA.

MAHRATTA MISSION.

B o m b a y .— Charles Harding, Missionary; Mrs. Julia M. Harding.— One native pastor.

A hmedntiggur .— Henry Ballantine, Lemuel Bissell, Missionaries; Mrs. Eliza­ beth D. Ballantine, Mrs. Mary E. Bissell.— One native pastor, and fifteen native helpers. Five out-stations.

S e r o o r .— (In charge of Mr. Bissell.)— One native pastor, and five native helpers. Two out-stations.

R a h u r i .— Amos Abbott, Missionary; Mrs. Anstice W . Abbott.— Nine native helpers. Six out-stations.

K h o k a r .— William P. Barker, Missionary; Mrs. Lucelia T. Barker.— Fifteen native helpers. Eleven out-stations.

W a d a l e .— Samuel B. Fairbank, Missionary; Mrs. Mary B. Fairbank.— O n e native preacher, and twelve native helpers. Twelve out-stations.

K o l g a u m .— (In charge of Mr. Bissell.)— Four native helpers. Three out- stations.

S a t a r a .— Samuel C. Dean, Missionary; Mrs. Augusta E. Dean.— One native pastor, and three native helpers.

M a l c o l m P e t h .— Mrs. Mary L. Graves. In this country.— Sendol B. Munger, Allen Hazen, William Wood, Mission­ aries ; Mrs. Martha R. Hazen, Airs. Sarah S. Munger. 9 stations. 89 out-stations. 10 missionaries. 10 female assistant missionaries. 4 native pastors. 1 licensed native preacher. 63 native helpers.

Mr. Wood sailed from Bombay on a visit to this country, April 8, and arrived at New York, July 28. From the list above given, it will be seen that two o f the stations are now vacant. It is desirable that these should be reoccupied without delay, and it is also important that the proposed new stations should be commenced as soon as practicable. Mr. Munger is 73 I < m 4 :itu:cLe -E a s t f r o m . 75 Gbreerovlch- 76

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SCALE or MILES’ 118 MAHRATTAS. [Rejport, expected to sail very soon, on his return to the mission, accom­ panied by Mrs. Munger, and two new missionaries, with their wives. This reinforcement will only make good the number of missionaries who were in the field five years since, and there will still be an urgent call for more.

DEATH OF MISS FARRAR MRS. .GRAVES. The mission has been called to mourn the decease o f Miss Cynthia Farrar, on the 25th o f January. At the time o f her death, she was the oldest member of the mission excepting one, having been connected with it for almost thirty-five years; first at Bombay, and since 1839, at Ahmednuggur. Her life had been devoted to the education o f native females. She was a faithful and useful laborer, and her end was peace. Mrs. Graves still remains at her post, having been connected with the mission forty-five years. Feeble in body, she still teaches the women and girls to whom she has access, according to her ability. T he women who were baptized at Satara, the last year, had both been taught by her many years ago. Thus she is permitted to rejoice over “ fruit in old age.”

LIBERALITY OF EUROPEAN, AND OTHER FRIENDS OF THE MISSION. In view of a probable deficiency of funds from this country, the mission, acting in accordance with the advice o f Christian friends in India, issued an appeal to the public there for aid. This appeal was promptly and generously responded to. Large sums were given by individual friends of the mission, and many o f the Lord’s poor were glad to aid in the work according to their ability. A special contribution was made by the congre­ gation connected with the Free Church of Scotland, at Bombay. Mr. Harding presented the subject in a public discourse, and the pastor, Mr. Carlisle, also preached on the occasion. The amount contributed by the congregation, at this time, was seven hun­ dred dollars. Friends of the mission in England and Scotland sent valuable donations, unsolicited; and many of the letters accompanying the donations expressed the warm sympathy of the givers, not only with the missionary work, but with our beloved country in its present struggle. As showing the favorable estimate of the mission, by those well qualified to judge o f its operations, it is proper here to insert an extract from a letter written by a gentleman now in Europe, who lived for many years in that part o f India. In forwarding a donation of two hundred and fifty dollars, he writes: “ You are quite right in supposing that I continue to take an interest in India, and specially in your mission work ; which I greatly rejoice to find extending itself so widely, under 1862.] MAHRATTAS. 119 the blessing from on high. Y ou have now practical experience of the wisdom of your system, which I always thought most admirable.” In response to the appeal for aid, a number of native gentle­ men also, Hindoos and others, not Christians, made donations. A Hindoo merchant of Bombay, a young man educated in the Government schools, sent fifty dollars, accompanied by a letter, in which he writes : “ Though I am not a believer in Chris­ tianity, still I admire and appreciate the disinterested zeal and exertions of Christian missionaries in doing good to the people o f India; and I believe the American mission has been, and is still, doing much good, in the way of the moral and social eleva­ tion of m y countrymen. I therefore deem it my duty to con­ tribute according to my ability to the support of the mission, in their present embarrassed circumstances.” Others, in other places, gave, apparently from similar motives; and the whole amount received from natives, not Christians, was about two hundred dollars.

ANNUAL MEETING— LIBERALITY OF THE NATIVE CHURCH-MEMBERS. The annual meeting of the mission was held in October. At meetings held with the native Christians, the Spirit was mani­ festly present. The addresses were direct and earnest, and there was an unusual spirit of prayer. Large offerings were made. The native Christians stirred each other up to this good work. There were few exhortations from the missionaries, but all set an example of enlarged benevolence, which was better than words. A preparatory work had been accomplished before the meeting, by reading accounts of the blessing granted some months before, to the Christians at Oroomiah, and which, at a later date, descended also upon the brethren at Madura. The same blessing now came upon these praying ones at Ahmed- nuggur. The gifts were of such things as the people possessed; ornaments, clothing, books, cattle, manufactured articles, and some money. Pledges were also given to be redeemed at a future day. The native pastor gave an entire month’s wages, and many catechists and teachers manifested similar liberality. The influence did not stop here. Some of those present were from Bombay, and they returned to that place to tell of what the Lord had done ; and when the brethren there came together for their concert of prayer in November, the same spirit was manifested. The addresses of the pastor and others found a warm response. Those who had come prepared made their offerings, and others asked for another meeting, which was held the next evening. The effect of these meetings was very appy. Feelings of jealousy and unkindness among brethren 120 MAHRATTAS. [Report, were swept aw ay; a spirit of prayer was awakened ; and prayer-meetings, four days in the week, continued to be held for some time. At Seroor, also, on the occasion of the concert in December, a remarkable spirit of self-sacrifice was exhibited by the poor Christians, and some o f the heathen joined with them in gifts for the spread of the gospel. The same readiness to give was manifested at Khokar, and in the feeble churches at other places. The Christians, who have too often seemed to consider it far more blessed to receive than to give, now appeared to be learning the contrary lesson of the Master. The total amount given and pledged by the native Christians at Ahmednuggur, Bombay, Satara, and other places, exceeds five hundred dollars, though it was not ail received into the Treasury in 1861. The amount received by the mission is thus summarily expressed: From the native congregations of the mission, . 673 rupees. From natives, not Christians, .... 400 “ "From the m i s s i o n a r i e s ,...... 1,168 “ From Christian friends in India, . . . 11,657 “ From Christian friends in England and Scotland, 1,477 “

In all, rs., . 1 5 ,3 7 5 = $7,687.50

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Bombay,...... 2 5 1 l 2 5 2 1 6 1 Ahmednuggur, 1st, . 9 9 1 2 2 8 2 103 8 79 8 2d, . 27 4 1 30 1 16 1 S e r o o r ,...... 27 3 3 2 7 4 29 3 Satara...... 6 2 8 7 4 Khokar...... 65 6 5 9 1 6 6 13 86 13 Shingvay, .... 19 4 1 1 21 2 15 2 C hande,...... 48 9 1 18 40 12 30 6 L o n e e ,...... 13 1 , 2 12 1 5 4 Kolgaum, .... 14 1 15 4 16 5 Dedgaum, .... 33 5 3 6 . 35 5 21 7 G a h u , ...... 41 2 2 20 2 5 1 13 5 Panchegaum, .... 17 3 , 1 195 10 2 ELendal,...... 16 5 21 7 5 Wamburi, .... 21 5 1 2 2 5 1 9 2 Shingave, .... 16 4 20 7 3 Wadgaum, . . . . 11 1 1 1 10 4 4 S a t r a l ,...... 6 3 9 2 2 7 B a h u r i,...... 1 20 3 1 17 4 4 Newasse,...... 2 13 15 3 15 5 Sonai, 9 13 22 3 7 6 Padhegaum, . . . . • 3 10 • 13 5 7 4

Totals, .... 504 85 71 69 5 8 578 72 405 101 1862.] MAHRATTAS. • 121

Four new churches have been organized within the year: one at Rahuri, Mr. Abbott’s station ; one at Padhegaum, nine miles south-west from Khokar, in the district under the care of Mr. Barker; and two in the district assigned to Mr. Fairbank, — one north and the other west from Wadale. Each o f these brethren has now five churches under his care. A new column has been added to the table of statistics, showing the number of villages represented in each church. The whole number of cities and villages, where members of the churches are now living, is one hundred and one. This shows the wide diffusion o f the Christians. In one instance, that of Satral, it will be noticed that nine members are reported as having their homes in seven different villages. Only two churches, one at Bombay, and the Second church at Ahmednuggur, report all their mem­ bers from one place. As there are but nine stations and thirty- nine out-stations, there are more than fifty places where Chris­ tians reside, with no catechist or teacher in the village. The number of persons received to the communion of the church in 1861, was eighty-five,— a less number than were received the previous year. T w o of the brethren are absent from their stations, on account of sickness in their families, for a few months, which is mentioned as one reason for the smaller number actually received. The number of inquirers seems to be as large as ever, but a feeling of insecurity, in regard to their personal rights, induced by former instances of persecution, may have prevented some from coming forward to join the people of God. No open outbreak is reported this year, though there have been cases of annoyance, when the Christians have exercised their rights, and some difficulties have arisen from the renouncing of caste, by the church-members.

CASTE DIFFICULTIES. The great body of the church-members who reside in the villages, in the districts about Ahmednuggur, were o f the Mahar caste originally. They still live among their rela­ tives and friends, who remain heathen, and practically are in much the same social position; and whenever a person from the caste lower than these Mahars has been admitted to the church, difficulty has arisen among the heathen. T w o such cases have occurred the past year. At Chande, a young man from the Mang caste was received. On the occasion of his first communion, the heathen neighbors and friends of the Christians came together from curiosity, to see how the caste- matter would be managed. T hey filled the chapel, back o f the seats for the Christians, and were uneasy when they saw this Mang quietly sitting among their own relatives, the Chris- li 122* MAHRATTA8. [Report, tians; and still more so,-as they saw them eating bread together. But when the cup was passed, and all, in like manner, drank from it, they arose with one accord, and rushed from the room. The liquid conveyed the caste defilement most surely. At Panchegaum, a Mang made a trial dinner, inviting the catechist and all the members o f the church. This he did, he said, to see if the Christians would receive him, a person o f a lower caste than themselves, to church fellowship. They all came, and with them one inquirer. An annoying persecution followed. This the Christians had anticipated, but they did not shrink. The neighbors of the “ defiled ” would give them neither fire, wood, nor water; and threatened to drive them from the village and their business. T w o families were broken up by the trial, but the Christians have endured without murmuring, and they are now permitted to see some o f these despised Mangs coming forward to join them. The feeling o f bitterness awakened among the heathen Mahars is so strong, that preaching to them is impossible for the time. It seems to be a genuine victory over the spirit of caste, the Christians being now known as men who have renounced these evil customs. The trial will pro­ bably come to more of these churches, and it may prove a time of sifting.

BOMBAY. The family of the native pastor at Bombay have suffered much from sickness, and he has buried his eldest son. In consequence of this, an exchange was effected in October; Mr. Ramkrish- napunt going to Satara, and Mr. Harripunt taking his place at Bombay. The services o f the Sabbath, and the weekly lecture, have been regularly sustained. A daily prayer meeting was held a part of the year, and one four times a week near the close. For several months the Christians met every Wednesday even­ ing, for social intercourse and the mutual study of the Bible. Way-side preaching has been somewhat interrupted in conse­ quence of sickness, and the temporary absence of the missionary. At two preaching places, and in several other localities, the word has been spoken “ in season and out of season.” Indi­ viduals have visited the missionary and the pastor for religious conversation. Of many such it might be said, as the pastor says of one : “ I believe the H oly Spirit is working in his heart,” “ yet none are now willing to take up the cross and follow Christ." A class of candidates for admission to the church was formed early in the year, but only one person was received in 1861. T w o others have recently united with the church, and others still are expected to join. The missionary reports that a respectful hearing is usually 1862.] MAHRATTAS.

given to the word preached. In this respect there has been a. marked improvement within a few years, and a change seems gradually coming over the community.

AHMEDNUGGUR. The whole number of persons received to the churches in the Ahmednuggur branch, from the time the mission was estab­ lished, in December, 1831, to the close of 1861. was six hun­ dred and seventy-one, not including six persons who came from other churches. Of these, five hundred were received in the ten years, 1852-61. In the five years, 1852-56, ninety were received; in the five years, 1857-61, there were four hundred and ten. T o show the influence of family ties in the spread of Christianity, a classification is given of the five hundred received in the past ten years. Of these, eighty-three were baptized children ; ninety-four were wives (or widows) of Christian hus­ bands ; three were husbands of Christian w ives; fifty-nine were brothers, sisters, fathers, mothers, or children (unbaptized) of Christians; and the remainder, two hundred and sixty-one, were unconnected with any Christian family. Only a few more than h a lf were thus unconnected, at the time of their admission to the church. ’ The small number of cases in which the wife was first con­ verted, is worthy of notice. “ The Christian husband may be forsaken by his wife, and robbed of his property by his rela­ tives ; but it is not in the power of the wife to subject him to such bitter persecution as the (heathen) husband may inflict upon the helpless, defenseless wife.” The influence of the truth is plainly seen to be extending. Several persons of high caste have been received to the church within the past five years. Friendly intercourse with persons of good caste is increasing, not only at Ahmednuggur, but in other places. Cases are mentioned of persons dying in the hope of Jesus, who have not had the courage, or the opportu­ nity, to profess their faith while in health. One of the marriages reported by the pastor of the Second church, was that of a young Brahmin to a Brahmani widow. These unfortunate females are not permitted, by Hindoo law, to marry a second time. In the present case, the parties had formed a strong mutual attachment, but they could not be married save by Christian rites. In his address on the occasion, to a crowd of people, the pastor gave a public invitation to all those who were held in similar bondage to come to him, and he would perform the ceremony for them. The rage of the Brahmins was great, for a time, that their customs should be disregarded; but threats would not intimidate the bold minister o f Christ. 124 MAHRATTAS. [Report,

IMPROVEMENT IN TEMPORAL MATTERS. The great body of the Christians are in abject poverty — most of them were originally Mahars. The duties o f this class o f people are, to keep the gate of the village, to sweep the rest- house, to carry letters and packages from the officers of Govern­ ment to the village authorities, and to assist the county officers when they come to collect the revenue. In short, they are the servants of the Government officials, of the village officers, and o f the traveling public generally. T hey have no regular, pay. What they get, is bread given to them as to beggars, by the villagers, daily, and they go from door to door to collect it. In harvest-time, they receive a small portion of the produce, in bundles of grain in the field, or at the threshing-floors. This manner of payment for their services degrades the men in their own estimation, as well as in that of the Hindoos and others, generally. They are in a kind of bondage. A part of the Christians, in various villages, are getting rid of this serfdom; some rent land and become-farmers; some learn and practice trades of different kinds ; some engage in work as ^ay laborers; and some work thus on the roads. It is hoped that, ultimately, all will secure other occupations, and thus rise from the depths of their poverty; but the process of amelioration must be slow. The children of the present Christians, who improve the oppor­ tunities for education which are afforded them, will stand on a higher level than their fathers. Some have already attained to stations o f influence.

SCHOOLS. The Theological class has pursued its regular course of study and of preaching. At the examination in October, marked improvement was manifest. The school for catechists and teachers has had thirty pupils, besides eight members of the above class, pursuing their scientific course. About three-fourths o f those in attendance have been aided by mission funds. Most of the pupils received into the school are Christians ; others are sons o f Christian parents; but heathen parents also are making application for their sons, and some such have been received. These, of course, pay all their own expenses, yet they are brought under constant Christian influence, both in the teaching and among their associates in the school. Were there room in the building, many more such persons might be received ; thus opening a prospect o f future good. The school greatly needs increased* accommodations, both in the way of buildings, and o f seats and apparatus. There is also much need of competent teachers for the higher branches o f study. T o supply this need, those who are now employed 1862.] MAHRATTAS. 125 as teachers are at the same time pursuing certain studies, and it is hoped that soon the missionary in charge may be relieved of much of his labor in the mere routine of teaching. There is a primary school for Christian boys in another room of the same building, with twenty-five scholars. This was under the care o f Miss Farrar, until she was laid aside by sickness. Since then it has been in charge of Mrs. Bissell. Several of the boys having passed the prescribed examination, have been transferred to the higher school. The girls’ school has contained about forty-five pupils. One was admitted to the communion of the church, during the year; two were married to teachers. Three- others, who long enjoyed its privileges in past years, were also married. A school for Hindoo boys of good caste has been opened in the city, and is prosperous. The teacher, originally of the weaver caste, appears to have much influence among his own people. There are twenty-three village schools, containing about two hundred and sixty pupils. These schools are regarded by the missionaries as important agencies for good. The children o f heathen parents are taught with those of Christians. In some cases, young men, after working all day, attend the school at night and make good progress in their studies. One mission­ ary speaks of increased interest in the schools of his district, more regular attendance on the part of scholars, and conse­ quent improvement, owing, perhaps, to greater exertion on his part. Another states that the good caste people of a certain village have given the teacher a place on which to erect a school-house ; and some agree to send their children, when they would not send them to a school in the Mahar quarter of the village. This is an experiment of great interest. The low caste children will o f course attend the same school, and the very invitation to open a school in the village seems to imply that the heathen o f the higher castes are assigning a better social position to the catechists than they allow to the Mahars, from among whom they originally came. The ‘ Christian Vernacular Education Society ’ recently offered prizes, to be competed for by all teachers employed in mission schools in Western India, and to be given to those who should sustain a prescribed examination. There were more than forty candidates, of whom thirty received prizes; though eleven of these were really below the required standard. Of the thirty, fifteen were from schools connected with our mission, and only three of these were among the eleven who did not fully reach the standard. This society seems to be taking the right course to improve the qualifications of teachers. An examination, still more stringent, is announced for the next year. 126 MAHRATTAS. [Report,

NEW STATION AT PIMPLUS. T he buildings at Pimplus, spoken of in last year’s Report, have been completed; but for the present there is no missionary to reside there, and the station is in charge of a catechist. The district to which this place is a centre, is described by Mr. Bar­ ker as being about thirty-five miles in length from north to south, and fifteen in width from east to west. Pimplus is fifty miles north from Ahmednuggur, on the road running from that city, and is easily accessible. It is about forty miles south from the railway between Bombay and Nagpur. The region is densely populated, and the soil is as rich as any in the valley of the Godavery. SATARA. T w o women have been received to the church at this station, both of whom were, many years ago, in Mrs. Graves’s school. Though at the time no apparent impression was made, the instruction they there received doubtless prepared the way for their acceptance of Christ. One of these persons was awakened at a prayer-meeting held during the week of prayer; the other was won by the prayers and faithful efforts of a female member of the church. A school for boys, averaging seventeen, and another for girls, averaging nineteen, have been sustained during the year. The teacher of the girls’ school is the young woman admitted to the church in June. There has been preaching at both the chapels, twice on the Sabbath, and on four other days of the week. For a part of the year, the brethren were gratified by the frequent attendance o f some individuals who professed to be convinced of the truth. T hey frequently called upon the missionaries for religious con­ versation, but had not the disposition, or the courage, to brave all and follow the Saviour. O f late there has been more indiffer­ ence, and Mr. Dean has been pained by the fact that very few of the crowds who are constantly passing in the streets ever come in to listen to the word, and those who do enter remain but a short time. The brighter day hoped for has not yet dawned at Satara. The brethren have spent some time in preaching in the vil­ lages, and have been gratified at the reception given them. In one place, some boys from a school bought thirteen copies of the New Testament, to be used as a reading book. A copy had been previously given to the teacher. Rev. Hari Ramchandra, o f the First church at Ahmednuggur, remained at Satara till October, when he exchanged places with the pastor at Bombay, for a time. His influence, and that 1862.] MAHRATTAS. 127 of his family, seem to have been decidedly good, and his living in the midst o f the city has been the means of dispelling some o f the foolish notions of the people in regard to Christians. Those who were somewhat enlightened, who called themselves of the party of progress, watched the Christian family very closely, and saw that they had really forsaken the evil practices of the Brahmins. The effect of the training of the children also, in this well-ordered family, was such that they said, “ These children must have a different nature from others.” The pastor’s daughter was married here, and all the ‘ pro­ gressives ’ were eager to witness the ceremony. They saw simplicity in place of pomp, and heard, in place of mumbling incantations, good religious instruction, and the excellent cove­ nant of the bridegroom and bride with each other ; and when the party was to leave the place, they were surprised to hear no great outcry, weeping and wailing, as is common among the Hindoos, but a chapter read from the Bible, and prayer offered ; and then to witness the loving embrace and cheerful departure. Some were thus led to acknowledge the superior excellence of Christian customs. The Governor of Bombay, Sir Bartle Frere, recently spent a few days at Satara, when he invited the native Christians to call upon him, and spent a half-hour in talking with the pastor and others, some of whom he had formerly known at Satara. This notice taken of the Christians, while gratifying to them, is likely also to have a good effect upon the people of the place, as they have usually supposed that the native Christians were despised by Europeans.

SHOLAPUR. This is a city of 75,000 inhabitants, lying two hundred and seventy-five miles south-east from Bombay, one hundred and thirty east from Satara, and about the same distance east of south from Ahmednuggur. It is connected with Poona and Bombay by a line of railway. In 1860, Mr. Harding, o f Bombay, spent a number of weeks there, preaching in the city and the surrounding country. In the latter part of 1861 he again visited the place, passing across the country from Ahmed­ nuggur to Pandherapur, and thence east to Sholapur, and re­ turned to Ahmednuggur by a route more to the eastward. He was much encouraged at the interest manifested in Christianity. Nearly 7,000 copies o f books and tracts were purchased from the booksellers sent thither by the mission, and some of the seed sown seems to have fallen into good soil. In two or three villages, religious teachers were asked for, on occasion of the second visit. T w o1 persons, at least, give evidence of faith in Christ, one of whom heard the word preached by Mr. Munger 128 m a d r a s. [Report, many years ago. One proposed to accompany the missionary to Bombay, that he might receive baptism. It is hoped that this important place may soon be occupied as a station.

MADRAS MISSION.

Chintabrepettah.—Miron Winslow, D. D., Missionary; Mrs. Ellen A. Winslow.—Two catechists, and seven teachers.

R o y a p u r a m .— Phinehas R . Hunt, P rinter; Mrs. Abigail N. Hunt.—One ordained native preacher, one catechist, and five teachers.

B l a c k T o w n .—T he printing establishm ent is -within the w alled city.

3 stations. 1 missionary. 1 printer. 2 female assistant missionaries. 1 ordained native preacher. 3 catechists. 12 teachers.

Owing to the absence of Mr. Hunt at the Hills, during part o f the year, for the health of himself and his wife, no report has been received o f the printing ; nor have there been the customary returns concerning the other operations o f the mission. It is understood that there was an accession o f eleven members to the church. The Rev. Edward Chester, of the Madura mission, residing temporarily at Madras for the study of medicine, speaks thus of an occasion when six persons were received into the church: “ These kneeling in a row,— and side by side, nine o f their children, with two others, too young to kneel, but held in their mothers’ arms, kneeling to receive the sacred rite of baptism,— presented a scene which would have rejoiced the hearts o f God’s people, even if witnessed in a Christian land; but here, in a heathen land, with a dark back-ground of heath­ enism, Mohammedanism and the Romish church, the simple yet sublime rites which the followers of the Redeemer in every land observe, in obedience to and in memory of their Lord and Master, stand forth in beautiful and effulgent prominence.” Dr. Winslow has completed his Tamil Dictionary. It is gratifying to know that he is in the enjoyment of so much health. Writing in April last, he takes this general view : “ On the whole, the state of religion in Madras, among the English- speaking population, is improving. In regard to the natives, there is perhaps no very marked change; but there is encour­ agement from various signs of the leavening influence of truth, and from continued tokens, in different parts o f the country, o f the presence of the H oly Spirit.” 1862.] MADURA. 129

MADURA MISSION.

M a d u r a .— John Rendall, Missionary; Mrs. JaneB. Hendall; Miss Sarah AV. Ashley, Teacher.— One native pastor, ten catechists, six readers, two teachers in boarding school, six schoolmasters and two schoolmistresses.

D i n d i g u l .— Edward Webb, Missionary; Mrs. Nancy A . W ebb.— One native pastor, seven catechists, three readers, three schoolmasters.

T irumungalum .— James Herrick, Missionary; Mrs. Elizabeth H . Herrick.— Eleven catechists, three schoolmasters and two schoolmistresses.

T i r u p u v a n u m .— Edward Chester, Missionary; Mrs. Sophia Chester.— Two catechists, one reader, five schoolmasters and one schoolmistress.

M andahasalie .— Horace S. Taylor, Missionary; Mrs. Martha S. Taylor.— Three native pastors, twenty catechists, fifteen readers, sixteen schoolmasters and one schoolmistress.

M a l u r .— Thomas S. Burnell, Missionary; Mrs. Martha Burnell.— Five cate­ chists, five schoolmasters and one schoolmistress.

P e r i a c u l t -m .— David C. Scudder, Missionary; Mrs. Harriet L. Scudder.— One native pastor, nineteen catechists, four readers, seven schoolmasters and six schoolmistresses.

B a t t a i .a g u x d u .— George T. Washburn, Missionary; Mrs. Elizabeth E. W ash­ burn.— Six catechists, three readers, six schoolmasters and one schoolmistress.

M a n a M a d t j r a . — William B. Capron, Missionary; Mrs. Sarah B. Capron.— One catechist.

P u l n e y .— Charles T. White, Missionary; Mrs. Anna M. White.—Two cate­ chists, two readers, one schoolmaster and one schoolmistress. Pasumaue.— William Tracy, Missionary; Mrs. Emily F. Tracy.— One cate­ chist, four teachers in tlje seminary and seven schoolmasters.

S i v a g u n g a .— (In charge of Mr. Capron.)— Two catechists and one school­ master.

XTs aiamp atti.—(In charge of Mr. Herrick.)— Three catechists, one school­ master and one schoolmistress.

K a m b a m .— Joseph T. Noyes, Missionary; Mrs. Elizabeth A . Noyes.— (The native helpers at this new station are included among those numbered at Peri- aculum.) In this country.— Clarendon F. Muzzy, John E . Chandler, Missionaries; Mrs. Mary Ann Muzzy, Mrs. Charlotte H . Chandler.

14 stations. 14 missionaries. 15 female assistant missionaries. 6 native pastors. 89 catechists and native preachers. 34 readers. 6 teachers in seminary and boarding schools. 61 schoolmasters. 16 schoolmistresses.

The Madura mission has prosecuted its work through the year with the usual measure of success. Neither death nor severe sickness has occurred ; and it is worthy qf grateful notice, 130 M a d u ra . [Report, that for fourteen years no adult member of the mission has been called from the world. Mr. Chester has spent the year at Madras, in the prosecution of medical studies, enjoying the most favorable opportunities. The Periaculum field has been divided into the two stations, named Periaculum and Kambam. Mr. Scudder has been stationed at the former, while the latter station remains in charge o f Mr. Noyes. Mr. Capron has nearly completed his house at Mana Madura, which has been a most toilsome operation, and is about commencing his residence there.

CONGREGATIONS.

«B c 0 v 0) a be g o Stations. cd PC o u £ *£ read. to read. to read. women. dren. rt rt bi3 gregations. ance on ance on the Sabbath. Men to Men able Deaths. Women Women able 1 able Children No. of No. of con­ No. of chil­ Total. ¡1 No. of Av. attend­ s » Battalagundu, . 11 116 126 205 447 45 23 46 287 4 10 -24 Dindigul, . . . 11 117 98 2>3 438 50 16 48 306 6 5 -98 Madura, . . . 19 205 174 *13 592 84 40 51 370 14 10 5 Mana Madura, . 1 10 7 7 24 3 1 13 -3 Mandahasalie, . 44 683 571 825 2,079 163 29 104 1,088 16 23 120 Malur, .... 9 65 70 106 211 28 9 23 140 4 4 3 Pasumalie, . . 1 17 9 23 49 17 7 14 49 1 5 Periaculum, . . 22 345 371 584 1,300 72 17 32 703 16 21 100 Pulney,. . . . 3 i'i 39 69 150 9 5 12 96 3 2 6 8ivagunga, . . 4 23 24 52 99 11 5 42 1 -28 Tirumungalum, . 13 2 ¿5 216 302 743 103 20 49 468 1*0 14 1 Tirupuvanum, . 3 24 29 41 97 10 7 4 115 -162 Usalampatti, . . 4 40 26 47 113 11 3 76 2 Kambam,* . .

Totals, . . . 145 1,912 1,760 2,700 6,372 6u6 176 389 3,753 75 91 -75

* Yet reckoned with Periaculum.

Though no aggregate increase is reported, there is evidence that real progress has been made in many congregations. Greater stability, increase o f knowledge, and more conscien­ tious obedience to truth are manifest. Deeper interest is felt in prayer-meetings, relapses are less frequent, there is less intem­ perance and litigation, and the Sabbath is better observed. At one station an interesting Sabbath convention has been held, attended by delegates from each congregation. But the preaching of the gospel is by no means confined to these one hundred and forty-five congregations. Much time is spent in making tours among the villages, proclaiming by the way-side, and wherever groups of perishing men can be gath­ ered, Christ and him crucified, as the great instrumentality for elevating and saving the Tamil people. Most o f the mission­ aries have spent from two to four months of the year in this primitive kind o f labor, traveling from eight hundred to over one thousand miles each ; and there are more than two hundred towns, villages and hamlets where there are native Christians. The growth of these congregations is often very encouraging, 1862.] MADURA. 131 when a series o f years is taken into view. In those connected with Mandahasalie, within ten years, the increase has been from one thousand to over two thousand. At every station a Sabbath school is maintained, often taught by the missionary and his wife, and accompanied by catechetical examinations of the whole congregation. The week-day schools also furnish congregations for the religious instruction and influence of the missionaries in their tours ; and when the brethren are at home, they are often so situated that, every morning and evening, they can visit neighboring villages, schools, and meetings for the women. Carrying with them, as they do, Bibles and tracts for distribution, the missionaries are thus able to communicate the gospel to the masses of the people.

CHURCHES.

Contribution by natives. •s 1 â 4 Stations. i f .5 c ¡I¡1 II ! 8 upon upon year, last j profession from from ! profession the first. Suspended. Suspended. j Deaths. Deaths. i Children bap- Children Í church church rccords. j ¡5 < N or Gain loss il | Received on j tized this year. ! « Annas. ÏÏ IÏ the ! from Struck « Battalagundu, 1 2 1 1 119 2 2 69 13 72 12 Dindigul, . . 2 6 3 i 8 76 -24 5 158 3 174 4 7 Madura, . . 2 15 1 . 1 2 129 15 1 163 7 149 9 Mana Madura,* 1 2 2 Mandahasalie, 9 22 2 1 13 9 366 -7 2 488 40 313 8 3 Malur, . . . 1 , 27 -3 19 2 51 9 Pasumalie, . 1 9 # Ï f3 -3 2 134 5 90 4 11 Periaculum, . 7 32 2 7 2 i 1 171 25 6 170 £9 195 S Pulney,. . . 1 2 1 28 5 28 1 24 8 Sivagunga, 1 21 1 79 8 7 i Tirunmngalum, 2 10 5 2 1*0 5 137 25 179 1 8 Tirupuvanum, 1 2 17 2 3 8 1 31 12 2 Usalampatti,* Kambam,t

Totals, . . ¿8 91 10 ¡ 10 23 3 25 1,127 18 21 1,453 126 1,290 14 10

* No separate church organization yet exists at these new stations. The church-members still retain their connection with the churches o f the adjoining stations, Tirupuvanum and Tiruxnungalum. f Yet included in Periaculum.

These statistics show a gain of only eighteen in the number of church-members, which is much less than in any year of the last ten. The standard of piety is confessedly low in many instances. Daily family prayer is not common, owing partly to that inherent lack o f order in the domestic and social habits common to the half-civilized. Notwithstanding, there are things hopeful and cheering. It is believed that secret prayer is gen­ erally practiced, though many are confined to a form. Ejacu- latory prayer is common, and social prayer-meetings among neighbors and friends are also somewhat common. Several of the churches have been favored with precious first-fruits o f revivals, giving promise of a harvest. The missionaries write thus: “ W e rejoice to be able to say, that we have seen more direct evidence of the presence and power o f the Spirit at some 132 MADURA. [Report, o f the stations, and in a few o f the congregations, than ever before. The conclusion o f our last report made reference to the presence o f the H oly Spirit at Mallankinaru. Among the happy results of this work o f grace, was the quickening of sev­ eral already in the church, and the reception, during the year, o f eight members on profession of their faith in Christ.” An encouraging state o f things has existed in the adjoining district of Mandahasalie, resulting not so much in conversions, as in the weakening of caste. At a very interesting meeting of the Native Association in the district, the converts o f different castes publicly ate together, thus avowing themselves to be all one in Christ. In the Periaculum field, the marked presence of the H oly Spirit has been experienced in five o f the congregations. On a Sabbath in April, the people gathered from adjacent neighborhoods to the place o f preaching. Between the sermon and the sacrament, a prominent church-member, who had been under censure, made a public confession of his sins, falling on his knees and crying for mercy. “ Others sought reconciliation, and several wept freely. It was, in a degree, a pentecostal season.” In June, on one occasion, thirteen persons were re­ ceived to the church, and eleven children were baptized. There has been deep seriousness, and several cases of hopeful conversion have occurred in the girls’ boarding school. Mr. Taylor thus writes concerning West Caresacoolum. . “ Among Christians, conviction of sin, occasional weeping in view of it, the general absorption o f the mind in the things o f religion, and efforts to bring others to Christ, are the prominent marks of the work. * * I do not any longer hesitate to call it a revival, and accept it as a token and pledge o f God’s care for us. A few backsliders have been reclaimed, and open opposers have submitted and come into the congregation.” The work in Samapatty, in the eastern part of Mr. Taylor’s station, grows more and more interesting. One high-caste person seems to have been truly converted, and another became openly friendly.

NATIVE ASSISTANTS. The native assistants connected with the mission, number two hundred and twelve. T he six pastors are laborious and useful men, though one o f them has been much tried by a long continued quarrel in his church, resulting in the excommuni­ cation of six members for unchristian conduct. The catechists and readers number one hundred and thirteen. These, to­ gether with the teachers, pursue a course o f study, with semi­ annual examinations before the missionaries, which is doing much to improve them, and to quicken in them a desire for higher attainments, both mental and spiritual. 1862.] MADURA. 133*

SCHOOLS.

Native Assistants. ■ ' Station and Village Schools.

§ c "o i 8 ! •MÊ 3 0} S t a t i o n s . = £ £ U 1 j 1 ‘Si 1 z ■Jj eS c Ï Sa a CÖ B c 15 u y s C 3 S S "O u 1 8 'S » S£ cio *E *£ rt 3 a « o “ i l JS 1 i 1 o o Ph o « 1 a> a> H ! CD U O H ! a tt H H Battalagundu, 6 3 . 6 1 16 7 57 14 71 36 36 10S Dindigul,. . 1 7 3 3 11 2 29 15 41 1 35 3 38 8a Madura, . . 1 10 6 *2 6 2 27 8 41 23 61 1 78 6 81 118 Mana Madura, 1 , 1 * Mandahasalie, 20 15 16 1 55 1 17 132 29 161 1 59 53 220 Malur, . . . 5 5 1 11 1 24 6 30 1 34 34 61 Pasumalie, . 1 4 7 12 ! 6 i 9 6 15 j lft Periaculum, . 1 19 4 7 6 37 1 15 108 25 133 74 ’s 77 810 Pulney, . . 2 2 1 1 6 1 2 13 8 21 ! 4 2 6 27 Siragunga, . 2 1 3 ! l 1 1 j 14 4 18 19 Tirumungalum, 11 3 a 16 ! 5 41 17 58 1 4 4 62 Tirupuvanum, 2 I 5 l 9 ! 6 5 1 6 1 74 2 76 82 Usalampatti, 3 . 1 l 5 ! 2 13 6 19, 4 4 23 Karabam, . . . ' 1 Totals, . . 6 89 34 4 2 61 16 212 ; 72 472 151 623 i 416 20 436 1,OGO

While it is manifest that the village schools are not all that is needed, yet, “ the majority of the mission are of the opinion that the schools have generally improved in worth and efficiency, though not in numbers.” There are thirty-nine students in the seminary, five of whom are catechists, studying for a short period. A class of twelve left early in the year, and entered the service of the mission. During the year, several o f the present students gave evidence that they had become sincere friends of Christ. Much effort was made by teachers and pupils to benefit the surrounding inhabitants ; several hundred portions o f Scripture and about ten thousand tracts were distributed. Mr. Tracy, the Principal, says the revival, which began in the preceding year, had left no room to doubt that the work was of the Lord. In May, the oversight of the female boarding school was» resumed by Mr. and Mrs. Rendall. The average number of pupils has been forty-five. A class of seven graduated in March, and a class of fourteen was received in June. T w o have died within the year. The whole instruction in this school is in the vernacular. Miss Ashley, who has so far mastered the language as to enter upon the work of teaching, writes : “ W e have re­ ceived some tokens of the presence of the Holy Spirit. For a short period, many seemed to be seeking the Saviour.”

DISTRIBUTION OF BOOKS AND TRACTS. O f the distribution o f the printed page, some fruits are seen, and it is thought that the people are more than usually ready to 12 * 1 3 4 MADURA. [Report,

receive and read religious publications. About two hundred and fifty Bibles and Testaments, and over five hundred portions o f Scripture, beside 44,773 tracts, have been distributed during the year.

BENEVOLENCE.

^Perhaps the most cheering view which the year presents, is that of growth in benevolence. No surer sign of the working of the gospel leaven among a people can be given, than the contributions and sacrifices which they make in behalf o f the cause of Christ. Scenes have been witnessed in this mission which carry the mind back to the day of Pentecost. At one meeting, it is said, “ Many rose, one after another, in rapid suc­ cession, each speaking a few earnest words, and laying down his offering. * * The giving was interrupted by constant and earnest prayers.” Thus the meeting continued for nearly four hours, and until three hundred and fifty dollars were given, which was soon after raised to about five hundred. No wonder it is said by the mission, that “ one of the most hopeful signs of the year is an increase of the spirit of benevolence in the native church.” The whole amount contributed for various objects, by the native church, is $645. The mission is making increased effort to develop a self-sustaining spirit among the native Chris­ tians, and writes as follows, in response to some suggestions from the Secretary: “ It seems scarcely necessary to assure you that we regard the training o f our native churches to self- reliance and self-support as eminently important, and even essential to the prosperity and ultimate success of our mission. W e have, for several years past, kept this subject before us, both as individuals and as a mission; and we think our churches have made some practical advance in this direction. Your letter inviting us to renewed effort, and suggesting the means by which the object contemplated may be best secured, is seasonable and valuable. It has given a fresh impulse to our movements ; it has been the occasion of discussion and deliberation, which will, we believe, yield good fruit; it has led to the adoption and immediate initiation o f plans and means, which might otherwise have been delayed.” The letter goes on to furnish significant facts, such as that “ contributions are made every Lord’s day, at all the stations, both in the station centre and in the villages,” for the support o f public worship. Also, that a Native Evangelical Society exists, whose object is the raising o f funds to assist the churches in supporting their pastors. W e may hope that, at no distant day, these churches will become auxiliaries in christianizing the “ regions beyond.” 1862.] CEYLON. 135

CEYLON MISSION.

B a t t i c o t t a .— Marshall D . Sanders, Missionary; Mrs. Georgians K . Sanders, Mrs. Hannah W . C. Ward.— One licensed preacher, three catechists, one teacher for training and theological school, six school teachers, and five other helpers.

T i l l i i ’a l l y .— (In charge of Mr. Quick.)— Three catechists, and six school teachers.

P a n d i t e r i p o .— James Quick, Missionary; Mrs. Maria E. Quick.— Three catechists, and three school teachers.

O o d o o v i l l e .— Levi Spaulding, Missionary; Mrs. Mary C . Spaulding, Miss Eliza Agnew.— One licensed preacher, one catechist, four teachers for boarding school, six school teachers, and three other helpers.

M a n e p y .— Eurotas P . Hastings, Missionary; Mrs. Anna Hastings.— One catechist, three school teachers, and two other helpers.

Chavagaciieiuiy.— James A . Bates, Missionary ; Mrs. Sarah A . Bates.— One native pastor, two catechists, two school teachers, and one other helper.

O o d o o p i t t y .— John C . Smith, Missionary; Mrs. Mary C. Smith.— Two cate­ chists, four school teachers, and one other helper. On their way out.— William W - Howland, Missionary; Samuel P. Green, M. D .. Missionary Physician; Mrs. Susan R. Howland, and Mrs. Margaretta W . Green. In this country.— Nathan L. Lord, M . D ., Missionary; Mrs. Laura W . Lord.

O u t - s t a t i o n s . Dependent on

B a t t i c o t t a .— Karadive, one native pastor, and one teacher; Pungertive, one catechist, and two teachers ; Valany, one native pastor, one catechist, and three teachers,— sustained by the Native Evangelical Society.

M a n e p y .— Navaly, (a village of Manepy parish,) one native pastor, one catechist, and one teacher.

C havagacherry .— TJsan, two teachers; Varany, one catechist and one teacher ; Katchay, (no report.)

O o d o o p i t t y .— Atchuvaly, one catechist, and one teacher.

7 stations. 8 out-stations. 8 missionaries,— one a physician. 1 missionary physician. 11 female assistant missionaries. 4 native pastors. 2 native preachers. 20 catechists. 46 teachers. 12 other helpers.

Mr. and Mrs. Howland and Dr. and Mrs. Green embarked at Boston, May 26, for Madras, the first three returning to the field of their former labors, and the latter going out for the first time. 136 CEYLON. [Report,

Another missionary father, the Rev. Benjamin C. Meigs, has been called lo his reward. He was one of the founders of this mission, and labored in connection with it more than forty years. In 1858, the failure of his health constrained him to return to America. He died in the city of New York, May 12, 1862.

RELIGIOUS MEETINGS. Almost all the meetings held among the people, says the report of the mission for 1861, “ are conducted either by the missionaries, native pastors, preachers, or catechists; and as our principal reliance for the conversion of this people is upon the oral proclamation of the gospel, special prominence is given to this form of labor.” Sabbath services are held regularly in twenty-five different localities, and at thirty-six places there are regular preaching services, either morning or afternoon: and in many of these there are two such services on the Sabbath. With few exceptions, Christians form the nucleus of these Sabbath congregations. Weekly church-meetings are held in connection with each church, especially intended for the Chris­ tian families, inquirers, and those nominally on the side of Christ; and in a few instances, where little companies of Chris­ tians live at a distance from the church, they meet together by themselves. Meetings for women, generally conducted by the wife of the missionary, are held at the stations, and are attended principally by the women belonging to the Sabbath congrega­ tions and their younger children. Occasionally, as times and circumstances permit, heathen women are assembled in their villages, and addressed on religious subjects. Moonlight even­ ing meetings have been held in most of the catechetical fields, much larger audiences being then secured than would be possible in the day time. W eekly evening prayer meetings, at the houses of Christian families, have been held by a few pastors and catechists; and daily morning prayer meetings were sus­ tained during the year, in several localities, with good results. At each station there was a meeting at which the claims of the Bible were presented by several speakers, to large audiences.

EDUCATION. The following table, exhibiting the statistics of the village schools, shows 36 teachers in 31 schools, and 1,118 pupils; 840 of them boys, and 278 girls. Forty-five boys and seventy- seven girls are baptized children. It should be added, however, that during the year the mission was compelled to make reduc­ tions in consequence of the state o f the finances. At the close o f the year, only twenty-eight schools were supported by-the 1863.] CEYLON. 137 funds of the Board. The Native Evangelical Society supported three, and eleven were sustained by tuition fees, and by contri­ butions from churches and individuals.

Baptized Amount Amount I Teach- Pupils. paid to received I children. ers. teachers. for tuition. j

" 3 'S £ s. d. £ s. Bojs. Girls. Boys. d. Total. 5 H Batticotta,*...... 6 j 180 51 234 I io ; 17 27 55 0 3 6 4 9 Tilli pa lly ,...... 5 106 16 122 7 4 11 37 1 0 4 13 11 Panditeripo...... 1 3 ! 75 4 79 2 7 9 20 2 3 3 3 9 Oodooville,...... I 6 219 131 353 19 22 41 43 8 6 2 6 9 M a n e p y ,...... j 3 62 j 3a 101 ' 1 18 19 27 16 0 I 13 1 Chavag:acherry,f. . . . j 5 93 17 110 4 ! 6 10 32 14 1 1 13 11 O od oop itty ,...... 3 105 14 119 j 2 3 5 20 11 11 3 11 1

T o t a l s ,...... i 31 i 810 J 278 1,118 ! 45 j 77 ! 122 23S 11 00 23 7 3

* Batticotta includes the inlands o f Karadive and Pungertivc. ■f Chavaçacherry includes Katchay, Usan and Valany.

Oodooville Fejnale Boarding School.— A class of eight pupils, all members of the church, was graduated from the Oodooville school in January, after a live years’ course of study. All of them were baptized in infancy. In March, a new class of twelve was admitted. The present number of pupils is forty-six, of whom twenty-one are communicants, and most of the others are children of church-members. Training and Theological Institution.— Twenty-two young men are pursuing their studies in the training and theological school. O f the four dismissed in the early part o f the year from the higher class, two have been employed by the mission, one by the English Church mission, and one by the Batticotta church. Seven of the teachers’ class have left, and are em­ ployed in the village schools, and seven are members of the higher or catechetical class. In February, a new class o f six­ teen was received. English Schools.— No English schools have been sustained by mission funds for about six years past, but one or more have been supported at most o f our stations, by fees from the pupils, or tuition and the gratuitous aid o f foreigners and natives. T w o,— one at Batticotta, called the ‘ Batticotta High School,’ with over a hundred pupils, and one at Manepy, called the ‘ Manepy Central School,’ with one himdred and fifty pupils and six "teachers,— now receive aid from the Government. The English schools at the different stations number over four hun­ dred pupils, of whom between sixty and seventy are baptized children o f our Christian families. 138 CEYLON. [Report,

PUBLICATIONS. T w o Bible colporters, superintended by the missionaries in their several fields, and supported by the “ Jaffna Auxiliary Bible Society,” were employed nine and a half months. They visited 4,480 houses, addressed 13,135 adults, distributed gratu­ itously 456 portions o f Scripture, and sold 866 Bibles and por­ tions of Scripture “ Including the ‘ Morning Star’ and ‘ Youth’s Friend,’ in connection with Bible and general colporters, and tract distributers, 32,136 copies of books, papers and tracts, almost all of which contain religious truth, have been circu­ lated, and by far the greater part by sale, during the past year.”

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. In November, 1861, a medical class of twelve young men, selected from thirty-seven candidates, was placed under the instruction o f a former pupil o f the missionary physician, the expenses being mostly met by grants from the local Govern­ ment. The class has made gratifying progress, and on his arrival, will be under the supervision and instruction o f Dr. Green.

DISCOURAGEMENTS. The year has not passed without discouragements in the mission. There have been several cases of persecution and high-handed wickedness, on the part o f a few heathen, against individual Christians. The continued and increased retrench­ ments, (rendered necessary by want o f funds,) and the influ­ ences growing out of them, have severely tried the faith of the laborers. The rebellion in the United States has not only caused anxiety in the minds of the missionaries themselves, but has also attracted the attention both of native Christians and heathen. In regard to this, one of the native pastors writes: “ Ail our people look with concern on the civil war in America. Our Christians wish and pray, that the best of Gov- erments may not be deprived of its strength and glory, and that the noblest o f Missionary Societies may not be disabled in its angelic work. Some of the heathen are interested in an oppo­ site direction. T h ey sometimes inquire of us, in a sneering way, whether the missionaries will not now be recalled from Jaffna.”

CHURCHES NATIVE PASTORS. There has been no season of marked religious interest at any o f the stations, yet the labors of the year have not been without fruit. It will be seen by the following table, that forty-three 1 8 6 2 .] CEYLON. 1 3 9 have been added to the churches on profession o f their faith. Six have been excommunicated and five have died, leaving the number of communicants, at the close of 1861, four hundred and fifty-three.

Church ! A | ^ I h : . Church members, j■- ¡¿j \'~ ”= members, Contribu- Decomber 31, • ) t c : * s 1 Of 1861. I tlie V « ! churches j 8 I ^ i. L a 1 for 1861. V i  Πi l £ 1 br ! \ 3 ! 'S i ‘-1 3 ! sMf j & ;q !d|si 3 j £ ; h j t¡5 si i ^ £ s. d. Batticotta, . 58 39 97 12 4 . 1 67 ! 40 1071 ; 5: 1 ! 1 3 1 1 12r j 22 ! 91 1 43 5 5* Tillipally,. . 2:1 21 41 2 2 ! 5 2 i•j 19 I 19 38 1 . ! j 3 52 1 6 15 3] Panditeripo, 20 21 41 ! 2 4 i 8 3 . 1 18 1 18 36 1 5 4« i 7 17 1A 43 2 1 ■ • ! Oodoo ville, . 7o 113 ; 19 9 1[ 45 j 79 124 1:4 8 8 1 19 114 , 22 8 6 Manepy, . . *0 11 311 1 4 5! .1 20 1 11 31 1 !'. S 1 1 43 8 14 IS 16 18 4 i Chavagacheiry, 31 ! 3 3! . ! 17 17 31 2,2 j 1 1 3 30 j 7 17 73 Oodoopitty, . 15 7 22 2 4 1 ! 13 6! 19 3: . 3 2 ' 17 1 4 2 4 Karadive,. . 11 7 IK 3 2 1 1 13 S 18 3 !. j 3! 16 2 2 14 Val any, . . 8 7 15 1 1 1 1 ,1! 8 15 “ i 16 2 0 53 Navaly, . . 13 14 5 1 ! 15! 16 31 1 6 49 ! l i 14 6$ \ — 61 Totals, . . 224 215 j439 43 21 1 42 6 5 ! 2 54 ' 219 453 15 7 13 41 69]468 1 117 18 0{

The organization of the church at Navaly, a village in Ma- nepy parish, and the ordination of a native pastor for it, were mentioned in the last Report. The pastor is now living among his people, who are reported as united in him ; and he has a prospect of much usefulness. The establishment of churches with native pastors, is a most important and interesting move­ ment, looking directly towards, or rather being the very begin­ ning of, the establishment of Christianity as the religion o f the country. There are now four such churches, with native pastors, in the mission ; all as successful and prosperous as could have been anticipated. In Yalany, the pastor, as well as one catechist and three school teachers, are sustained entirely by the “ Native Evangelical Society,” which is the Missionary Society o f the Native Christians. The other three native pastors are supported in part by their own churches.

BENEVOLENCE. There has been a gradual yet very encouraging increase in the contributions o f the native Christians to different objects of benevolence, for several years past, as indicated by the amounts given for ordinary purposes, which were as follow s: In 1855, .... £46 4. 10. In 1859, .... £101 7. 3. 1856, .... 51 2. 10. I860, . . . . 100 6. 3. 1857, .... 87 2. 2. 1861, .... 117 18. Of. 1858, .... 98 7. 0.

These amounts do not include special efforts for particular objects. Besides the “ Native Evangelical Society,” which 140 CANTON. received about half the amount o f donations, the following are among the objects to which contributions were made the past year :— support o f the gospel ; places o f worship ; poor o f the church ; education ; local Bible and tract societies ; and the American Board. It is encouraging, that while the expenses of living have been increasing, and many o f the Christian parents are now paying for the education o f their sons in the English language, which was formerly free, the churches are coming up cheerfully to a higher standard of benevolence. The mission say in their report : “ There is still ability undeveloped, and our prayers and efforts aim at the enlistment of the full energies o f the church, that it may, as soon as practicable, enjoy the benefits of a self-supporting Christianity.”

RESPONSES TO APPLICATIONS FOR AID. In view of the great reductions which the mission were called to make, towards the close o f the last fiscal year of the Board, they issued a circular, dated October, 1861, inviting aid both from Europeans and natives in the island. In response to this, there had come into the treasury of the mission, (May 2 3 .) from different sources, £115 ; and about £ 3 5 more were sub­ scribed. There were other gratifying evidences of sympathy from educated and Christianized natives, and also from English gentlemen of different callings and o f all denominations of Christians, giving encouragement o f still more substantial aid.

EASTERN ASIA.

CANTON MISSION.

C a n t o n . — Dyer Ball, M . D ., Samuel W . Bonney, Daniel Vrooman, Mission­ aries; Mrs. Isabella Ball, Mrs. Catharine V . R . Bonney, Mrs. Maria W . Vroo­ man. — Two native helpers.

1 station. 3 missionaries. 3 female assistant missionaries. 2 native helpers.

Little change has occurred in connection with the mission at Canton during the year. The same laborers have continued to prosecute the same work, much as heretofore. The health o f Dr. Ball has so far declined that he is practically withdrawn from the mission, but is favored with the kind care o f his son- in-law, Dr. Happer, o f the Presbyterian mission, still deriving ■ I ì otì g. Easfc irom fireemvich.

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^^rigra-veaLliTStìioiiberg $ Gd.3J.1T. 142 CANTON. [Report, his support from the Board. Mr. Bonney’s labors have been, mainly, conducting services at his chapel, spending half an hour daily in his school of forty boys, which is supported entirely by foreign residents at Canton, and making. missionary excursions in the surrounding country. For the benefit specially o f pupils in the school, lie has also prepared and translated several hymns, with music attached. His chapel, in a central part o f the walled city, “ has been filled except on rainy days,” and “ the close attention of many who attend,” and “ their desire to learn gospel truth,” have been encouraging. The interest o f the hearers, he says, has certainly increased during the year. Many will now sit quietly, for an hour or more, to hear the Word of God read and explained ; and singing has been introduced as a part of the service. There have been several applications for baptism, but the evidence of a change of heart has not been such as to warrant the administration of the ordinance. Mrs. Bonney’s school, of fifteen girls, is prosperous, the pupils having made good progress in reading, writing, singing and needlework. Most of them have become quite familiar with the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. Mr. Yrooman has services in his chapel, which will seat two hundred, three times during the week, and twice on the Sab­ bath, when he is in town. The usual attendance was from one hundred to one hundred and fifty when the mission report was written, in September o f last year, but was stated in March to have fallen off some, perhaps because of “ the return of seed time, and other urgent business.” He also has a school for boys, in which, in March, there were over forty pupils ; and Mrs. Yrooman has one for girls numbering about twenty. The brethren continue to labor by excursions in the wide field around Canton, preaching and distributing books and tracts. Mr. Bonney speaks of a great and happy change wit­ nessed by him during the seventeen years since he first went to Canton, in the feelings o f the people towards foreigners; and especially a marked improvement in their treatment of religious teachers. The prospects o f the field, it is said, appear more hopeful than ever. “ The name of Jesus, as the Lord and only Saviour of men, is becoming widely known; the Word of God is more generally read and respected; and the fear of reading it in the presence of others, and o f attending on Christian wor­ ship, is diminishing.” 1 8 6 2 .] FUH-CHATJ. 1 4 3

FUH-CHAU MISSION.

F u n -C H A u . — Lyman B. Peet, Caleb C. Baldwin, Justus Doolittle, Charles Hartwell, Simeon F. Woodin, Missionaries; Mrs. II. L. Peet, Mrs. Harriet F. Baldwin, Mrs. Lucy E. Doolittle, Mrs. Lucy E. Hartwell, Mrs. Sarah L. Woodin. — Five native helpers.

1 station. 5 missionaries. 5 female assistant missionaries. 5 native catechists.

From the Tabular View of this mission for the year 1861, it appears that five members were received to the church, which now numbers eighteen. One school is mentioned, with five male and four female pupils. The Sabbath congregation at the station varies from twenty to one hundred. The amount o f printing during the year, in the native language, was 918,300 pages ; and 21,603 volumes of Scripture and other books were distributed. The semi-annual mission letter, dated in December, repre­ sents the year as having been one of general prosperity in the mission, though without the desired manifestation of the Spirit’s special presence. There were at that time six or eight pro­ fessed inquirers. The great work of the missionaries had been in connection with the direct preaching o f the gospel, at different chapels, not only on the Sabbath, but often during the week. An out-station at K ’ak’au had been occupied by helpers for six months. At Lang-puo, a considerable village, twelve or fifteen miles south-east from Fuh-chau, Mr. Peet “ seemed to find an open door,” and has visited the place several times. About one hundred copies o f the New Testament were dis­ tributed to merchants visiting the city from places at a distance. There has been more than usual encouragement for labor among females, by the ladies of the mission. A school-house having been completed at Ponasang, Mrs. Baldwin superintends a small school for girls and boys there, taught by a native helper. Mr. Peet wrote, in the summer of 1861, that the publication o f the treaty between England and China, extensively in Fuh- chau and other cities, had had a happy effect. “ It is now set­ tled,” he says, “ that we can rent chapels and houses in the city as well as in the suburbs. There is manifestedly an in­ creasing disposition on the part of the people to hear the gospel. This is noticeable in all the villages where we have been.” He also states that the church-members and native helpers seem to be making progress in Christian knowledge and useful-

FUH-CHAU. 145

ness; and Mr. Doolittle refers, with satisfaction and gratitude, to the fact that a favorable change has taken place in the feel­ ings and conduct of the people towards foreigners. In a letter published in the Missionary Herald for March last, Mr. Baldwin earnestly appeals to Christians in America for in­ creased effort in behalf o f the many millions perishing in China. He dwells upon the greatness o f the work which must there be done, and upon the little hitherto attempted, and then says:— “ The empire is now open to the gospel as it never was before. * * Revolutions, or insurrections, exist in various sections o f the empire. God seems to be ‘ overturning,’ and preparing the way for the coming of Him whose right it is to reign. Yet, amid all these commotions, missionaries find safe abodes, and freely preach Christ to the people ; and both parties, imperial and rebel, seem disposed, whatever may be their motives, to guarantee protection to them, so far as it is in their power. Here, then, the friends of our missions in China have a series of facts con­ stituting a three-fold argument for courage, — (1) Revolutions, leveling the way of the gospel ; (£) Experience o f safety in the work; and (3) The apparently friendly disposition of those in authority. “ The church must remember that it has ground in China to be maintained. ‘ Strengthen the things that remain.’ Here are infant churches, on the sea-board, which must be watched over and nourished. This, to say nothing of progress, requires con­ stant additions to the missionary force, that there may be fresh laborers to take the places of those who fall. W e need yearly reinforcements, because our numbers are being constantly diminished by removals. u Notice the encouraging signs. I have already remarked that our success has not been great; but I wish now to add, that success has, on the whole, been great in proportion to the means employed. Look at the fewness of the laborers. Think of our many sad bereavements. Think, too, of the insufferable pride of the Chinese, and their inveterate prejudices against foreigners, all strengthened by a consciousness of immeasurable superiority to surrounding barbarous races, and then behold what God has wrought. After years of painful effort, the gospel seems to have gained a firm footing in the empire. Churches, chapels, schools, books, have been multiplied, and now the whole machinery o f missions is at work. Notice, also, this cheering fa ct; — the bearing of the people seems to be improv­ ing : they seem disposed to listen to the truth with less preju­ dice. Multitudes, we think, feel that Christianity is not so foolish and unimportant a matter as they once fancied it to be. Their consciences are being awakened, and are becoming more impressible. Those precious parables about the ‘ leaven ’ and 13 1 4 6 NORTH CHINA. the 1 mustard-seed ’ rebuke our unbelief, save us from despair, and indicate the future glories o f the gospel in the { land of Sinim.’ ”

NORTH CHINA MISSION.

T i e n t s i n .— Henry Blodget, Missionary.

S h a n g h a i .— Mrs. Eliza J. Bridgman. On the way to the mission.— Charles A . Stanley, Missionary; Mrs. Ursula Stanley. In this country.— Mrs. Sarah F. R. Blodget. 2 stations. 2 missionaries. 3 female assistant missionaries. It was announced in the Report o f last year, that Mr. Blodget had removed to Tientsin, far to the north of Shanghai: and as it is expected that our operations in the future will be mainly in that vicinity, the name o f this mission has been changed from the “ Shanghai” to the “ North China Mission.”

DEATH OF DR. BRIDGMAN. Not this mission only, but all missionaries and the friends o f missions in China, have been afflicted during the year by the death o f Rev. Dr. E. C. Bridgman, the oldest in missionary life among American laborers in the empire, the first appointed o f the Board's agents there. After thirty-two years o f devo­ ted labor, he died on the 2d o f November, 1861. T o the last he was engaged in his great work, the translation of the Scriptures. Rev. S. R. Brown, now of the Reformed Dutch mission in Japan, wrote respecting his death : “ I may say, in truth, that no man could have been taken away whose loss would be more sincerely mourned by all.” Bishop Boone, of the American Episcopal mission, says o f him, in an obituary notice published in the North China Herald: “ We can scarcely go far astray in the estimate of our deceased brother. He pro­ duced the same impression upon all who had intercourse with him. Guileless simplicity and earnestness were his distinguish­ ing characteristics. He was guarded in his speech, and singu­ larly pure, harmless and without offense. W e doubt if there is a person living who has ever felt himself aggrieved or injured by him, by word or deed. His natural temperament was quiet and collected. He was not a man o f unusual talent; the amount of good he was enabled to effect was owing to liis C OS T € t s S S 5 8 SS 5 w"«v ® «i n ** Ì.S cl i g g i fi R Sf S* * * ~

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‘(¡.¿hSrihtrre & C ? "aT. Y. 148 NORTH CHINA. [Report, singleness o f aim. He walked straight on, not rapidly, but without turning aside or loitering by the way ; and he has accomplished a length of journey which few men of quick parts attain to. His influence was cumulative. He was always increasing the sum by his gentle, consistent Christian deport­ ment, and never did he, by one unkind or foolish word or deed, detract from the already accumulated amount. This was the beautiful point of his character; it was o f one piece— con­ sistent throughout. He perhaps never performed a great act in his life ; yet such a life, we may surely say, is itself a g r e a t a c t ; great, in that it ascribes all to the divine grace that inspires it.” Mrs. Bridgman,— in accordance with her own desire, and, as is stated, with that of all the Protestant missionaries at Shanghai, and also in accordance with an understanding o f long continu­ ance between herself and her husband, in case she should be left a widow,— remains at Shanghai, continuing her school and other valued labors in connection with female education, and for the religious good of the little church which her hus­ band had gathered. In addition to her girls’ boarding school, there are now three day schools, taught by those whom she has trained as pupils, over which she exercises a supervising care. She wrote, in May last: “ Mr. Culbertson [of the Presbyterian Board, who was associated with Dr. Bridgman in the work of translating] has assisted me on the Sabbath, and services have been kept up in connection with the scholars, outside people coming in. The church-members have received the com­ munion from his hands.”

ENCOURAGEMENT AT TIENTSIN. Mr. Blodget has occupied his position, thus far, in much physical weakness, but with a constantly deepening conviction o f its importance. He has been urged, by medical and other friends, to leave without more delay, that he might regain his health; but in his last letter received, dated March 31, he says, “ If possible, I shall hold on to welcome the new la­ borers.” The success which has attended his labors and those of other missionaries at Tientsin, during the short time the place has been occupied, is such as to encourage the hope that the wide field, open and opening in that part o f China, will be at once, not unproductive. It was announced in the last Report, that he had already baptized one individual, a blind man, in June, 1861. In August following, he mentioned that a second convert, a man sixty-two years of age, had been received into the church. A third was received in September, a fourth in 1862.] NORTH CHINA. 149

October, a fifth— a literary man forty-five years of age— in December, and a sixth— his teacher, a young man of ‘ pre­ possessing personal appearance,’ of ‘ respectable family,? and ‘ good literary abilities ’— early in the present year. Respecting the first four o f these converts, he wrote in November last: “ On Sunday, the 3d instant, five days before my first year at Tientsin was complete, I sat down at the communion table with four native converts. I rejoice over these with trembling, yet I do rejoice, and hope for them all. The poor blind man, Chang, grows in knowledge and is* fervent in spirit. The keeper of the Chinese hospital is pleased with him, and gives him a home and food there, although his eyes are incurable. His wife is employed in administering to the females in the hospital. He exhorts all around him, and there is quite an amount o f knowledge diffused among the inmates o f the insti­ tution by his efforts. This is the fir st convert. The second, the aged man Lioh, spends his whole time in the house of the Lord, exhorting, instructing, and learning. He receives not a farthing for his services. In his recent journey with me to Tuh Chow, his expenses were paid. He was full of zeal, leaving a tract and exhortation wherever opportunity offered. In many villages and hamlets he dropped the good seed of the kingdom. The third, Jung Sien Lung, is employed by Rev. Mr. Hall, an English Methodist missionary, as his personal teacher. He has not returned to his opium, is intelligent in Christian doctrine, and gives satisfaction, in a good degree, to his employer. I have increased confidence in him. The fou rth , an aged man, Yang, belongs to a very respectable family, and is zealous in teaching them Christian truth. He has a clear mind, and his reports of conversations with relatives and friends show that he is in earnest, and is doing a good work. He has prayer in his family, and has no thoughts of gain for himself or others, except as godliness is gain.”

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD REINFORCEMENT. With reference to the extent and importance of this mission field, in addition to what was said in the last Annual Report, some extracts from Mr. Blodget’s letters received during the year, may be appropriately given here. In August, 1861, he w rote: “ I do not see but that I am to be left alone this winter, as I was last. I marvel that no one comes to join me. I would not have you feel that the London Society, active as are their missionaries, can occupy all the ground. The field is immense on every side. There is room enough for all, and need enough of all.” In November, he expressed his views more at length, as follow s: “ I entreat the Committee to adopt 150 NORTH CHINA. [Report, this as one of the stations o f the Board. If it is all that can be afforded, send us at least one single missionary; one g ood man, whose heart is in the work, and who is willing to bear his cross and folloio Christ amid these dying, nay, these dead mul­ titudes of heathen. The climate of this place is better, I am fully persuaded, than that o f any other place upon the coast of China, except that upon the Shantung promontory. The heat is intense in summer, but even then the place is more healthy than Shanghai, by far; and during the remainder of the year there is no comparison between the two places. This region is remarkably d ry ; that remarkably wet and rainy. There is less east wind here than in any place I have ever known, and less rain.” “ The country to be reached from this port is immense. I have just returned from a journey up the Grand Canal, to Tuh Chow, in Shantung, entering that province by the back door. In September, I went with Mr. Edkins to the Pan mountain, on the north. W e speak of journeys to Shensi, and to ‘ Lama Miam,’ 1,500 li north of this place,— a great mart for sheep, cattle, horses and camels, in Mongolia. W e can easily reach Honan, and no missionaries are so near to the remote province o f Shensi. Our books must already have reached nearly all these places. The mountainous regions o f Shensi on the north­ west, and o f Mongolia on the north, will be extremely interest­ ing fields o f labor. The dialect o f all the people is one, the colloquial Mandarin. It is the spoken language of more than half the people o f the whole empire. It prevails in all the provinces north o f the great river Yang-tse-kiang, in Sz-c’huen, in Yunnan, in Kwei-Chow, and in parts o f Hunan and Kwang-si. This language is reduced to writing. Whatever questions may be entertained in other parts o f China about colloquial writing, none are admissible here. The Bible must all be rendered into this dialect, and a literature created in it. And no open port is so favorable for this work as Tientsin. W e have an eligible location for our mission, in the very heart o f the city. It has required more than ten years at Fuh-chau to secure what we have here at the outset, and thirty years at Canton. I think these things should be considered.” In December he wrote again: “ The field is wide. There is one distinct line of missionary effort along the Grand Canal, to the southern part o f Chihli, to the western part of Shantung, and to the province of Honan. Another line runs directly west, to Tai Yuen foo, the capital o f Shansi. Shansi is a moun­ tainous province, very healthy, inviting in its scenery, in its history, and in the habits and characteristics of its inhabitants. This province and Shensi are the oldest in China. Here also the Nestorian and early Roman Catholic missionaries labored, 1862.] NORTH CHINA. 151

entering China from the north-west. The traces of their labor are not wholly obliterated, and I believe it will be found that Christianity will meet with a more ready reception, among the people o f these regions, in consequence of those early assaults upon heathenism. “ There is a third line o f effort north-west, to Peking. From Peking there are great roads, running east and west, along the base of the mountains, south-west to Shansi and Honan, north and north-west to Mongolia, and north-east to Manchuria. There is also an opening for a distinct mission in Mongolia. Six days’ travel brings us to a Roman Catholic seminary, in a quiet valley in Mongolia, outside the great wall. In so large a field it remains only to select the part which is assigned to us, and press on to occupy it. I hope that our missionaries will, at some day, be fonnd in Shansi, and even in Shensi.” In another letter he speaks of Tientsin as having become a place of much business for European merchants, “ almost equal to Shanghai, in its facilities for intercourse with remote parts o f China.” Peking, the capital of the empire, only seventy-five -rrmiles from Tientsin, is already occupied by Dr. Lockhart, of / the London Missionary Society, and in a letter recently received, after giving some account of an extended missionary journey to the province of Shansi, Mr. Blodget says: “ One of the results of my journey was to convince me o f the great importance of Peking as a centre o f influence in all this region. A wall of mountains compasses it on the north and north-west. Through these mountains are several passes, all centering in Peking, and leading out into the regions o f Manchuria and Mongolia, as far as to the Russian possessions. The great roads of the western and southern provinces, which also centre in Peking, are more important. A large number of officials of different grades, are constantly passing to and fro upon them, and what transpires in the capital is speedily communicated to distant parts. As a mis­ sion station, Peking will also have the advantage o f Tientsin in point of climate. There is a very manifest rise in the land as one recedes from the sea-board. The soil about Peking is dry and sandy; the mountains are near, and easy o f access. Dr. Lockhart will probably succeed in retaining, for the London mission, the premises he now occupies, and Mr. Edkins will seek to join him soon.” H ow far facilities will be afforded at present, for the residence and unobstructed efforts of other than medical missionaries at the capital, remains to be proved; but the field open in that portion of the empire would seem to be wide and promising. The Board will be glad to know, under such circumstances, that Rev. Charles A. Stanley and wife, from Ohio, sailed from Boston on the first of July, expecting to join Mr. Blodget, and 152 NORTH CHINA. [Report,

that two other missionaries are under appointment for the same field.

THE INSURGENTS. Recent developments in regard to the character, principles, and prospects of the insurgents in China, greatly diminish the apparent ground for hope that their influence will he, in any way, directly favorable to the cause o f true religion. Their movements, like all others in the political world, will be over­ ruled for good ; but that there is with them, to any consid­ erable extent, a reception of, or even a favorable regard for, the fundamental truths of Christianity, can hardly be now sup­ posed. The Rev. I. J. Roberts wrote, in January last, as pub­ lished in the North China Herald; “ From having been the religious teacher of Hung Sow-chuen in 1847, and hoping that good— religious, commercial and political— would result to the nation from his elevation, I have hitherto been a friend to his revolutionary movement, sustaining it by word and deed, as far as a missionary consistently could, without vitiating his high character as an ambassador of Christ. But after living among the insurgents fifteen months, and closely observing their pro­ ceedings— political, commercial and religious— I have turned over entirely a new leaf, and am now as much opposed to them, for good reasons, I think, as I ever was in favor of them. Not that I have aught personally against Hung Sow-chuen, — he has V been exceedingly kind to me,— but I believe him to be a crazy man, entirely unfit to rule, and without any organized Govern­ ment ; nor is he, with his cooley kings, capable of organizing a Government which shall equal, in benefit to the people, even the old imperial Government. * * His religious toleration, and multiplicity of chapels, turns out to be a farce, of no avail in the spread o f Christianity— worse than useless. It only amounts to a machinery for the promotion and spread o f his own political religion, making himself equal with Jesus Christ; who, with God the Father, himself and his own son, consti­ tute one Lord over a ll! ” More recently, a Baptist missionary has written from Ningpo. “ The character and conduct of the rebels, thus far, abun­ dantly show that they were not dreaded too much. They have been called Christians. T hey are as deserving of the name as the most desperate and cruel band of robbers that ever infested the earth. They are, as a mass, wholly destitute of Christian principle, and wholly destitute of Christian know­ ledge. I have been mixed up with them a good deal since they arrived at Ningpo, and have seen a good many of their leaders, but I have scarcely heard them refer to any religion, except when questioned on the subject; and then they could 1862.] SANDWICH ISLANDS. 153 give no intelligent account, either of what they believe or what they practise.” T he hostile attitude assumed towards those insurgents of late, by English and French authorities in China, will doubt­ less tend to embitter their feelings towards foreigners, and still further to destroy all hope of sympathy and encourage­ ment from them in the missionary work. But help may arise from other quarters. The designs of Providence, in regard to the future political state of China, we cannot read. Mr. Blodget wrote, in March last: “ The problem of Chinese politics is being rapidly solved. An army of 5,000 men is to be drilled here by English officers, and commanded by them in case o f action. These officers volunteer their services. The army thus formed is to preserve the peace against the insur. gents. Something similar to this is being done at Shanghai; the rebels not being allowed to take possession o f that city. They are kept in check also upon the Yang-tse-kiang, and at the newly open ports. At Ningpo they have indeed gained an unexpected victory; but, if they should prove disobedient and unmanageable, they will be speedily dislodged from the city.”

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN.

THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. [Of the persons named below, Messrs. A . Bishop, Gulick, Coan, Bond, .Tam ps W . Smith, C. B. Andrews, and Pogue, derive their support wholly from the Islands; and Messrs. Thurston, Baldwin, Clark, L. Smith, Paris, Lyons, Alexander, Parker, Emerson, Rowell, Dole, Johnson, S. E. Bishop, Forbes, and Wilcox, only in part. The relation of the brethren to the Board, is similar to that subsisting between Home Missionaries and the Society which guarantees their support.]

H a w a i i .

N o r t h K o n a . — Rev. Asa Thurston, and Mrs. Lucy G. Thurston.

S o u t h K o n a .— Rev. John D . Paris, and Mrs. Mary C. Paris.

K a u .—

H i l o .— Rev. Titus Coan, Rev. David B. Lyman ; Mrs. Fidelia C. Coan, Mrs. Sarah J. Lyman, Mrs. Jane S. Shipman.

W a i m e a .— Rev. Lorenzo Lyons, and Mrs. Lucretia G. Lyons.

K o h a l a .— Rev. Elias Bond, and Mrs. Ellen M . Bond.

M a u i .

L a h a i n a .— Rev. Dwight Baldwin, M. D ., and Mrs. Charlotte F. Baldwin.

K a a n a p a l i .— (Out-station.)— J. H . Moku, Native Pastor. 154 s a n d w i c h i s l a n d s . [Report,

L a h a i n a u j n a .— (Seminary belonging to and supported by the Government,) Rev. John F. Pogue ; Mrs. Maria K . Pogue, and Miss Lydia Brown.

W a i l u k u .— Rev. William P. Alexander, and Mrs. Mary Ann Alexander.

H o n u a u l a .— (Out-station.)— S. W . Nueku, Native Pastor.

H a n a .— Rev. Sereno E. Bishop, and Mrs. Bishop.

M o l o k a i .

K a l u a a h a .— Rev. Anderson 0 . Forbes ; Mrs. Maria P. Forbes, Mrs. Rebecca H . Hitchcock. O a h u .

H o n o l u l u .— Rev. Ephraim W . Clark, Rev. Lowell Smith, Rev. Peter J. Gulick, Claudius B. Andrews ; Mrs. Mary K . Clark, Mrs, Abba W . Smith, Mrs. Fanny H . Gulick, Mrs. Maria P. Chamberlain.

P u n a h o u , (Oahu College.)— Rev. Cyrus T. Mills, President; Mr. William Dewitt Alexander, Professor; Mrs. Susan L. Mills, Mrs. Abbie Alexander, Mrs. Maria C. Ogden.

E w a .— Rev. Artemas Bishop; Mrs. Delia S. Bishop, and S. Kahoohalahala, Native Pastor.

K a n e o h e .— Rev. Benjamin W . Parker, and Mrs. Mary E. Parker.

W a i a l u a .— Rev. John S. Emerson, and Mrs. Ursula S. Emerson.

W a i a n a e ,—( out-station.)

H a n u l a ,— (out-station.— M. Kuaea, Native Pastor.

K a u a i .

W a i m e a .— Rev. George B. Rowell; Mrs. Malvina J. Rowell, Mrs. Mary P. Whitney.

K o l o a .—Rev. James W . Smith, M. D ., Rev. Daniel Dole, Mrs. Mellicent K . Smith, Mrs. Charlotte C. Dole.

W a i o l i .— Rev. Edward Johnson, Mr. Abner W ilcox; Mrs. Lois S. Johnson, Mrs. Lucy E. Wilcox. Summary. Stations, ...... 19 Out-stations, (reported only in part,) .... 4 Clergymen deriving support wholly from the Board, . 2 “ “ “ wholly from the Islands, . 10 “ “ “ partly “ “ “ . 10 Laymen deriving support partly from the Board, . . 1 Laymen deriving support wholly from the Islands, (including Dr. Charles H . Wetmore, and Messrs. Samuel N . Castle, Edward Bailey, Amos S. Cooke, Edwin O. Hall, Henry Dimond, and William H . Rice,) .... 8 Whole number of foreign clergymen on the above list, . 22 “ “ laymen, ..... 9 Married and unmarried females, (including the wives of the laymen named above,) ..... 36 Native pastors, ...... 4 Native preachers, ...... 10

PERSONAL NOTICES. The death o f Mr. Shipman is felt as a painful bereavement. It occurred December 21, 1861, in the thirty-eighth year of his age, cutting him off from a sphere of labor which he was filling with earnest devotedness and great success. His widow and children have removed from Kau to Hilo. Mrs. C. B. Andrews, also, after long and patient waiting under suffering, was called 1862.] SANDWICH ISLANDS. 155 to rest, January 27, 1862. A husband and six children mourn her departure. The venerable Mr. Thurston, one o f the found­ ers of the mission, is graciously spared to this day, but he has been brought repeatedly, o f late, very near the grave. It is hoped that a visit, with Mrs. Thurston, to California will pro­ long his valuable life. Mr. Joel Bean and his wife, members of the Society of Friends, from the State of Iowa, sojourned on .the Islands for nearly a year, visiting most o f the stations, and doing much to cheer and strengthen the missionary laborers. Particular mention is made in the letter o f the Hawaiian Evangelical Association, of their great kindness in personal attentions to the family of Mr. Andrews, in the season o f their affliction.

THE CHURCHES. A reaction from the great revival o f the last year was inevit­ able. Its power, however, has not wholly passed. Some of the churches have been much strengthened. The statistics are given in the annexed tabular view. The summing up of the column of members at the close of 1861, gives exactly twenty thousand. This does not include the church of Kau, which, a year before, reported seven hundred and thirty-nine. T w o new churches, Kaupo and Koolau, have been organized on Maui, making twenty-four on all the islands.

CÖ a. ■a STATIONS. ■o 2, *■ dismissed. year. standing. baptized. X 9 year. on on profession. On certificate. On Total deceased. Whole Whole number Whole Whole number past Dismissed Now Now in regular Total past Total past year. Baptized Baptized past Total Total children Marriages. 1 Past year on 1 | profession. j On certificate. 1 Deceased past 1 year.

f Hilo, .... 11,434 626 72 22 94 857 24 6,337 188 18 4 528 4,210 48 34 f] 1 Waimea, . . . 7,227 665 43 19 6'.' 1,63U 21 3,690 65 92 2,095 1,725 39 41 < ! Kohala, . . . 2,252 779 81 17 98 582 32 1,039 30 11 96i) 1,317 35 42 ] Kailua, . . . 3,235 358 117 8 las 720 6 1,022 38 25 1,265 1,435 43 13 J Kealakeakua, . 3,391 163 45 14 59 109 15 879 50 16 1,161 1,556 35 20 (.Kau, .... fHana, . . . . Kaupo, . . . . 1 Koolau, . . . s j Wailuku, . . . 54 8 62 2 19 8 568 17 20 < 4 Honuaula, . . . 8 8 9 279 3 «5 20 I Kaanapali, . . 45 ■ 350 4 3 1 Lahainaluna, . . [Lahaina, . . . 1,537 493 27 9 36 334 12 649 39 9 913 1,610 26 27 M o l o k a i, .... 3,000 75 8 3 11 60 5 516 23' 10 995 11 15 f Honolulu, 1st, . 4,415 809 90 17 107 581 2G, 1,711 67! 48 2,617 850 31 77 1 Honolulu, 2d, . 2,765 961 41 47 8« 4«J4 15! 1,511 43! 20 1,190 813 9 49, a • Ewa, .... 2,568 111 4 15 2 940 9 1 317 342 12 21 a -( Waianac, . . . 545 . 206 5 7 216 33 1 o j Waialua, , . . 1,123 230 8 7 15 73 282 « 8 408 705 1 14 1 Hanula, . . . 644 37 1 1 7a 13 242 19 262 168 3 13 (.Kaneohe, . . . 922 98 18 2 20 £5 4 351 16 15 420 293 5 14 fWaimea, . . . 963 139 22 22 116 2 323 15 22 430 391 6 15 » Koloa, .... 756 290 45 8 53 87 1 305 23 561 364 24 « (.Waioli, . . . 759 160 52 5 57 - 3 . 19 6 450 262 24 . Total, ..... 47,936 5,583 720! 213 933 5,773 181|20,051 670 33720,000 16.074 377 431 156 SANDWICH ISLANDS. [Report,

The whole number o f persons admitted on profession o f their faith from the beginning, is 47,936. Of these, 20,051 have deceased. It appears, therefore, that about 6,700 have been cut off by discipline, or become lost by removals.

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS. The ability o f the people to give has been less than in some former years; but the following statement o f the contributions of the churches is gratifying:

Church at Hilo, Hawaii, $3,600 00 Church at Molokai, $657 37i “ Waimea, “ 1,792 00 1st Church, Honolulu, Oahu, 2,265 50 “ Kohala, “ 1,193 71 2d “ 1,380 50 “ Kailua, “ 650 00 Church at Ewa, “ 225 00 “ Kealakeakua, “ 1,181 00 “ Waianae, » “ Kau, “ “ Waialua, 330 28 “ Hana, Maui, “ Hanula, » 745 80 “ Kaupo, “ “ Kaneohe, “ 500 00 “ Koolau, “ “ Waimea, Kauai, 110 00 “ Wailuku, “ 744 00 “ Koloa, 537 00 “ Honuaula, “ 462 62£ “ Waioli, 448 73£ “ Kaanapali, “ 125 50 “ Lahainaluna, “ Total, $17,908 44 “ Lahaina, “ 1,585 00

EDUCATION. The want of efficient superintendence since the death of Dr. Armstrong, late President of the Board of Education, has been unfavorable to the prosperity o f the common schools. In some of the districts, however, they are reported as improving. Most of the children between the ages o f six and sixteen years, are brought into these elementary schools, in which they give attention to reading, writing, arithmetic, geography and vocal music. “ The whole population are brought under the influ­ ence of the press. T h ey read the Word of G o d ; they read the newspapers ; inquiry is awakened, and thought stimulated; and it is not strange that papists, infidels, and enemies of all righteousness, should combine to overthrow this school system.” A strenuous effort is making to secure a division of funds be­ tween papal and Protestant schools, and also to procure the sub­ stitution o f English for Hawaiian schools. As English schools are much more expensive, one effect of this change would be to diminish greatly the number of schools. It is hoped that these efforts will be defeated. So strong is the desire of many to learn English, that they are willing to pay for instruction. This gives a healthy stimulus to industry and enterprise. The boarding school at Hilo, and the select school at Waioli, are regarded as important to the cause o f education on Hawaii, Kauai, and Niihau, and worthy o f Government patronage. 1 8 6 2 .] SANDWICH ISLANDS. 1 5 7

The seminary at Lahainaluna was never more prosperous or highly valued. The Hawaiian Government, appreciates its im­ portance to the interests of the state, as well as the church. It has expended nearly one thousand dollars for repair of the build­ ing. The number o f students is one hundred and five. The Board has not seen occasion to regret having made this school over to the Government. The Oahu College continues to prosper under the excellent management o f President Mills. The number o f students re­ ported last year was fifty-two. This institution is independent o f the Board.*

TEMPORAL CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE. Most of the whaleships have ceased to call at the Hawaiian Islands for supplies. The principal means on which the people have relied in former years for obtaining money and the pro­ ductions o f other lauds, have therefore failed them. Measures

* The following document will be interesting to the friends of this institu­ tion. It was addressed to the “ Trustees of Oahu College.” “ Gentlemen,— The subscribers, having had the honor of being appointed a Committee of Examination to attend the Annual Examination of the pupils connected with Oahu College, the present year, beg to submit the following report: “ Most of the members of the Committee were present throughout the entire examination of the various classes, which occupied the whole of Tuesday and Wednesday last, and all had the pleasure of listening to the performances of the pupils in vocal music and declamation, on the evening of Thursday. “ The several classes, with very few exceptions, established satisfactorily their character for general excellence. The proficiency displayed by the ad­ vanced pupils in the Ancient Classics was highly gratifying. “ The classes in Botany and Astronomy, which are both new branches of study at the institution, have made rapid progress. “ The botanical specimens collected by the former, gave pleasing evidence that the pupils had endeavored to verify and illustrate the teachings of the books, by practical observation in the field of nature; a course from which they have, no doubt, reaped much advantage, both physically and mentally. The Committee are happy to observe that these, and other kindred branches of instruction, so well calculated to elevate and improve the minds of the pupils b3r the study of God’s works, are receiving from the teachers that amount of attention which they deserve. This is as it should be. Let the scholars pursue, with zeal, their researches through the boundless field of creation ; for, as they proceed, they will find on every hand ever-recurring marks of wisdom, power and love, affording new incentives to admiration, reverence and praise. “ The thoroughness manifested by the class examined in Ancient History was complete, while the class in Milton displayed a gratifying acquaintance with a highly interesting portion of the works of that great master among old English classics. The Committee recommend to the further attention of the Professors the study of English Literature. “ The several classes in Mathematics maintained a high position. The Com­ mittee were no less surprised by the novelty of the exhibition made by the class of young ladies in Conic Sections, than by the degree of quickness and perfect knowledge of the wrork which they had attained. “ The Drawings, with which the walls of the class-room were so tastefully adorned during the day of examination, bore abundant testimony to the taste of the scholars, and a few of them exhibited a high degree of skill in the art. “ A considerable number of Original Compositions were delivered by the 14 158 SANDWICH ISLANDS. [Re-port, are in progress to increase the culture of sugar, rice, wheat, and other products capable of export, which it is hoped will be of permanent benefit to the industrial interests of the Islands. In some sections the lauds have been extensively given up to grazing. The influence o f this is said to be bad on the morals of the people.

ECCLESIASTICAL ORGANIZATIONS. The formation of the Presbytery of Maui and Molokai, and o f the Evangelical Association o f Hawaii, has exerted a happy influence. An association has been constituted on Oahu, called the “ Oahu Conference o f Churches.” It is composed of the pastor and five delegates from each church, and meets semi­ annually. A similar association has been formed on Kauai. The general letter speaks as follows on this subject: “ It may be proper to remark that all these Associations or Presbyteries, by whichever name they may be severally called, are formed much on one basis, and have the one great object in pupils of both sexes, on a variety of subjects. Many of these were alike cred­ itable to the heads and hearts of the authors ; and some of them, composed by the more advanced, showed genius as well as culture. "A m on g the subjects worthy of particular notice, the Committee desire especially to mention the proficiency attained by the pupils in Yocal Music. This deserves the highest praise, as must be attested by the numerous and delighted audience who listened to the performances on Thursday evening. The improvement here during the past year is decidedly great, and reflects much credit on the present Professor, whose province it is to teach the elegant accomplishments of music and the French language, and who has successfully developed the naturally fine vocal powers of the students. “ The whole examination proved, satisfactorily, the care and industry of the pupils, as well as the painstaking and thoroughness of the Professors, bearing the genuine fruits of real labor, and not of special preparation for the occasion. “ The Committee desire to recommend to the particular attention of the Trustees and the Faculty as a subject worthy of constant care, the physical well-being of the pupils. As a counterpart to the pleasing and healthful exer­ cises of Calisthenics, practiced by the young ladies, the Committee would respectfully recommend the adoption of some stated exercise for the young gen­ tlemen, not of a character which might prove exhausting or over-straining, but such as might furnish agreeable relaxation from mental application, while it braces the nerves and improves the carriage of the individual. In what form this might best be attained— whether in the shape of military drill or otherwise, the Committee leave to the judgment of the guardians of the Institution. “ In conclusion, the Committee desire to say that the practical management of the Institution is evidently in competent hands. It is rapidly attaining a standing which ought to render it dear to the hearts of the entire community. Never was aid more worthily bestowed upon any public object than that 60 liberally given to ‘ Oahu College ’ by the Hawaiian Government. While con­ gratulating the parents of the rising generation, and the friends of education generally, upon the establishment and maintenance of the College, until it has arrived at a position far exceeding the most sanguine hopes of its earliest pro­ jectors, we confidently bespeak for it the hearty support of all.

“ G. M. R o b e r t s o n , S. C. D a m o n , A l f r e d C a l d w e l l , A r t e m a s B i s h o p , “ Examining Committee’’ 1 8 6 2 .] SANDWICH ISLANDS. 1 5 9 view, o f forming what at present may be termed nurseries of the infant Hawaiian churches. It is also our hope, that at some future day these ecclesiastical associations may stand as balance wheels for the harmonious regulation o f the ecclesias­ tical machinery, when the. influence o f the counsels, and the experience o f the existing missionary pastors shall no longer be present in the body. Although some take the name o f Presby­ tery, and others that o f Congregational Associations, none of them are either strictly Presbyterian, or strictly Congrega­ tional.” * * “ Another feature to be noticed is, that these bodies are in no way connected with similar ecclesiastical bodies in the United States or elsewhere. T hey grow out of the exigencies of the work here, and it is not yet seen to be either desirable or feasible to have them connected with bodies o f similar name in other lands.”

NATIVE MINISTRY. The four native pastors reported, are settled as co-pastors with missionaries in their respective fields. The missionaries yet deem it unsafe to give them a position independent o f the foreign pastors. A forward step o f great importance has been taken in ordain­ ing these, and licensing ten young men as preachers. The lunas (deacons or elders) have long been, in many cases, lay preachers; but they have never been regarded as ministers or candidates for the ministry. The general letter dwells at length on the instability o f the Hawaiian character, and the degree in which the proverb, 1A prophet is without honor in his own country,’ holds true there, as reasons why progress in raising up a native ministry must be comparatively slow at present. The Rev. D. Kapali has been ordained by the Presbytery of Maui and Molokai, to labor as a missionary in Micronesia. The Hawaiian helpers in Micronesia, and missionaries in the Mar­ quesas Islands, continue to justify the confidence which has been reposed in them. The last report of the Hawaiian Mis­ sionary Society has not been received.

CHRISTIAN H AW All AN S IN CALIFORNIA. Dr. Gulick, o f the Micronesia mission, has been spending a little time in California for the benefit of his health. The fol­ lowing interesting account from him of a Christian Hawaiian community in that country, is copied from “ The Friend,” a religious newspaper edited by the Rev. S. C. Damon, seamen’s chaplain at Honolulu. His letter is dated at Irish Creek, Eldo­ rado county, and seems to have been written in April last. “ I found here twenty-four Kanakas— principally Hawaiians, and two from the South Seas— two Hawaiian women, three Indian women of 160 MICRONESIA. th e ‘ D igger’ race, and four half-Indian children. At this I was not sur­ prised. But I was not prepared to find two of the Indian women speaking Hawaiian very correctly, all of them dressing neatly, cutting, washing and ironing their own and their husbands’ and children’s clothes ; to find one of them reading the Hawaiian Bible very intelligently, as does also the oldest child, a girl of eight or ten years; to find two of these ‘ D igger’ women taking part in prayer meetings, expressing regrets at their former ignorance, and pity for their ignorant relatives ; and to find them all desirous to learn more. I was not prepared to find one of the best of their dwelling-houses set apart .exclusively for religious worship— floored, seated with backless benches, with a table at one end for the speaker ; to find the natives holding early morning and evening meetings every week-day, besides seven district meetings on Sunday, and one Thursday afternoon meeting; and to find that for a few weeks past they have kept up an afternoon singing-school. Most of their dwelling-houses are quite rough, but Kenao, perhaps the most sub­ stantial Hawaiian Christian in California, I found living in a neat little clap­ board house put up by himself, painted outside and in, and tw o of the rooms neatly papered. “ I have not found a more interesting community since coming to Cali­ fornia. There is more prayer sent up from this small company, I presume, than from any other community of four times its size in California. Two of the Indian women speak Hawaiian altogether. One of them reads it with con­ siderable ease and correctness, joins in the singing, takes part in the prayer meetings, and prays in secret. She has just been taken sick with the small pox. I shall earnestly plead that she may not be removed now. She is the mother of three bright children, one now at Hilo, Sandwich Islands. The eldest child, a girl of eight or ten years, they say, is a good reader. She is fast recovering from the small pox, and acts like a well-behaved and thoughtful girl. M y heart has been touched by her patience under suffering. They have put a stop to drunkenness among themselves, sending off those who would drink and steal. They tell me that after due deliberation they voted to raise five hundred dollars for a new church, and that it is to be accomplished within this year. After some hesitation as to whether to contribute anything for missionary purposes till they had raised the five hundred dollars for their church, they finally voted, before I arrived, to take up a contribution every monthly concert.”

MICRONESIA MISSION.

B .O N K ITI, (Ponape.)— Albert A . Sturges, Missionary ; Mrs Susan M. Sturges.

K u s a i e , (Strong’s Island.)— Benjamin G. Snow, Missionary; Mrs. Lydia V . Snow.

E b o n , (one of the Ralik Islands.)— Edward T. Doane, Missionary.

A p a i a n g , (one of the Kingsmill Islands.)— Hiram Bingham, Jr., Missionary; Mrs. Minerva C. Bingham.— Two Hawaiian preachers.

O u t - s t a t i o n .— Tarawa.— One ordained Hawaiian, preacher, and one helper. Location not known.— One ordained Hawaiian preacher, and one helper. Absent.— Luther H . Gulick, M. D ., Missionary ; Mrs. Louisa G. Gulick. 4 stations. 1 out-station. 5 missionaries— one a physician. 4 female assistant missionaries. 2 ordained Hawaiian preachers. 4 Hawaiian helpers. 130 EAST

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Dr. Gulick has spent the last year, for the most part, in the Sandwich Islands and California. Though still feeble, he has made himself useful by his public addresses and private efforts in behalf of Micronesia. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts are no longer connected with the mission, and have removed to Oregon. Mrs. Sturges and Mrs. Doane, being in a seriously impaired state of health, sought improvement by a visit to the Sandwich Islands, while their husbands remained, with great self-denial, at their bereaved homes among a savage people, to labor on for their spiritual welfare during the considerable period of the expected separation. The hope of benefit was disappointed in the case of Mrs. Doane. On the 16th of February, she peace­ fully fell asleep in Jesus, at H onolulu; and a few weeks after­ wards, her babe was also taken into rest. Her missionary career was short, but exemplary. She was called to the endurance of great trials, and was cheerful and happy under them ; and many of the dark-minded inhabitants of those beautiful Isles will hold her in grateful remembrance. It is a gratifying circumstance, that during her distressing and pro­ tracted illness, she received the constant attentions of a faithful Ebonite Christian female, who had been raised up from the depths of heathenism by her labors and example.

TRANSLATIONS PRINTING. Mr. Bingham has rendered the four Gospels and the book of Acts into the Tarawa dialect. Mr. Doane has printed a small primer and a few hymns in the Ebon dialect. He has also put a few chapters of the Gospel of Matthew into type.

CHURCHES PROGRESS AT THE STATIONS. Two churches have been organized in Ponape (Ascension Island)— one at Ronkiti, with twelve members; one at Shalong Point, with six. Speaking o f the three converts first baptized, Mr. Sturges remarks: £< It has been with much solicitude, and more hope, that we have baptized these first converts from the Island. W e have kept them waiting a good while, feeling it much better to start late and right, rather than early and wrong. W e have had great comfort with these Christians, and promise ourselves much more, as we confidently hope and trust they are God’s ‘ workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works.’ T h ey are of our best families; have the confidence and respect of their neighbors ; seem anxious to do g o o d ; and we doubt not are raised up to be lights, and instruments o f good to many. The man is a native o f Mindanao, but so long a resident here as to be identified with the people ; and his wife is o f a priestly and influential family. The other female is an 1862.] MICRONESIA. 163 ex-queen of this tribe, a woman o f influence, and a great favorite with our Nanakin. She has been a praying and teach­ able learner for more than three years. Emotions of joy and gratitude fill our hearts as we see this, our first harvest, gath­ ered to the grace and glory of our Lord and Master. The experience of yesterday was more than the promise of 1 a hun­ dred fold, now in this time.’ ” The signs of progress are varied, and sometimes seemingly inconsistent. A manifestation of feeling, which was very unex­ pected and cheering to the afflicted parents, occurred on the death of one o f their two children, and is thus spoken of by Mr. Sturges : “ It is wonderful as it is comforting, to receive so much sympathy from savages. T w o years ago, 1 could not have been made to believe that such a heartless people would ever be so changed as to show such sympathy. During all those dark days, the few members of our little Christian com­ munity have exhibited the deepest interest in us, assisting us in every possible way, and thus attaching themselves to our hearts as we never expected they would do. The funeral was a solemnly interesting occasion, a goodly number of natives being present* most of whom wept with us. It was a strange sight to look upon a proud chief, whose every habit and instinct repelled him from the sight of a corpse, kneeling with others to kiss the ‘ little friend.’ ” The presence of the H oly Spirit has been manifest with marked power in some of their religious meetings. At one communion season, the congregation was large, and all the exercises were solemn and impressive. “ H ow could they be otherwise, when church-members and candidates had spent the entire previous night in prayer and praise ? It is wonderful, how much these people love to be pleading with God, for themselves and their heathen friends. They wake up in the night, and are frequently heard mingling their voices in song and praise. H ow sweet are such sounds to the ear of the mis­ sionary, after a long night o f eight years.” As a natural result from such spiritual influences, opposition to the truth was aroused. The chiefs became dissatisfied at the loss of feasting, which the Christian converts would not continue in the usual heathen manner, and many outrages were allowed to be perpe­ trated. T he converts bore this persecution with commendable patience. Of one of them Mr. Sturges writes: “ Jaomatan is one of the noblest men I ever saw,— a good man, who, I think, will not be frightened from the stand he has taken. The oppo­ sition to him and his fellow-Christians is very strong ; he has been in great danger of losing all his property, and even his life, but he stands quietly, and boldly teaches the truth. With a few more such men to illustrate the new religion, it would not 164 MICKONESIA. [Report, be long before Ponape would become morally, what it is now physically, one o f the beautiful spots in this world.” Mr. Snow ’s latest letters from Kusaie, (Strong’s Island.) speak of increase in the congregation, and of a brightening religious prospect. He holds meetings once a week at five or six places, on one side o f the island, and visits the other side as he is able, with the valuable assistance of Ketuka, his native helper. In the last Report, a pleasing account was given o f the eager­ ness of the people on Ebon (Boston or Co veil’s Island) to learn to read. Mr. Doane has since been obliged to report an unfavor­ able change. After a time, the chiefs became jealous of the intellectual movement, and secretly opposed it. A chief of much influence dying after he had been somewhat under Mr. Doane’s medical care, the missionary was held responsible for his death. The influenza and the measles following as epi­ demics, a suspicious and hostile feeling was intensified. The high-chief Kaibuki had an outbreak of savage violence against another chief, and the cause, if not the person, of the missionary was brought into great peril. But the Lord turned the heart of the fierce barbarian so that he confessed his sin, and besought the missionary to cry to Jehovah for mercy to be extended to him. “ In the midst of all these trials,” wrote Mr. Doane, in May, 1861, “ our work has gone on, and one after another has pro­ fessed love to Christ. And they stand firm. T hey say they will not give up their love for Jesus if the chiefs kill them ; and they are consistent in their walk. Such was the language o f a young man, Papia, when he heard that his life was threat­ ened. ‘ T hey may kill me,’ he said, ‘ but I will not give up his love.’ ” Three schools were then in operation, numbering one hundred and seventy-one pupils. Fifteen had learned to read the New Testament, and a “ large number ” the primary book and hymns. Several persons have learned to write, and the schools make progress in singing. T w o months later, Mr. Doane reported a still more encouraging state of things, and dwelt particularly on the efficiency of Aea, the Hawaiian helper. In the Kingsmill group, Mr. Bingham is cheered by some first fruits, and richer promise of success. The king of Apaiang and his wife give the missionary much hope. He has put away three of his four wives, and has offered prayer in public. Mr. Bingham has baptized at least two converts from heathen­ ism, and he thinks that he sees the evidence of a regenerating work on others. His Hawaiian helpers give him much comfort.

TOURS. Mr. Bingham has devoted considerable time to visiting other Islands, in his boat, the “ Star o f Peace.” He was mercifully 1862.] MICRONESIA. 165 preserved from some imminent dangers. The details which he gives are deeply interesting, and show the great usefulness of such excursions. Rev. Mr. Damon, the esteemed chaplain to seamen in Hono­ lulu, visited Micronesia in the Morning Star, as a delegate from the Hawaiian Missionary Society. The Committee are in­ debted to him for valuable observations. His testimony is decided as to the good success of the mission. He returned strongly impressed with the conviction, on the grounds of physical features, customs, and affinities of language, that the Marshall Islanders are of Japanese origin.

PROSPECTIVE CHANGES. The diminution of the population on Kusaie still goes on, and Mr. Snow will probably remove to the eastern part of the general Micronesia field. Many considerations seem to favor the concentration, for the present, of the American missionary force in Eastern Micronesia, and the carrying forward of the work in Western Micronesia chiefly, if not exclusively, by means o f a Hawaiian ministry. The Hawaiian laborers now employed, though imperfect, are yet of great value. The ex­ perience o f the Hawaiian Missionary Society, in the conduct of its Marquesas mission, is encouraging. An interesting commu­ nication from Dr. Gulick, giving an account of a visit made by him to that mission, is contained in the February number o f the Missionary Herald. He remarks: “ The very favorable impres­ sion made upon my mind by the Hawaiian missionaries, and the work they have accomplished is, I hope, prominent in the narrative given of my visit. It seems to me that quite as much (or more) has been effected on Marquesas, than on Kusaie and Ponape, where we, of American origin, have been privileged to labor about the same length of time, and where the circum­ stances have been perhaps the most favorable.” 166 DAKOTAS. [Report,

NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS.

DAKOTAS.

H a z l e w o o d .— Stephen R. Riggs, Missionary; Hugh D . Cunningham, Steward o f the Boarding School; Mrs. Mary Ann C. Riggs, Mrs. Mary B. Cunningham ; Miss Isabella B. Riggs, Teacher.

Y e l l o w M e d i c i n e .— Thomas S. Williamson, M. D., Missionary; Mrs. Mar­ garet P. Williamson; Miss Jane S. Williamson, Teacher,

L o w e r A g e n c y .— John P. Williamson, Missionary.

3 stations. 3 missionaries— one a physician. 1 male assistant missionary. 5 female assistant missionaries.

Since the annual reports were received from the brethren who constitute this mission, a sudden and unexpected uprising of the Dakotas has obliged them to abandon their stations, and suspend their labors. But before describing their perils and exposures, on the one hand, and their signal deliverance, on the other, it will be proper to bring down the history of their efforts to the close o f their missionary year.

SCHOOLS. The educational arrangements had remained without material change. Miss Williamson had nearly fifty names entered on her roll, including four who resided in the family o f Dr. W il­ liamson ; but the average attendance scarcely exceeded sixteen. She received valuable assistance from her niece, Miss Nancy J. Williamson; and both were much interested in their work. T he boarding school at Hazlewood, taught by Miss Huggins till March 31, and afterwards by Miss Riggs, had eighteen pupils during the quarter ending June 30. These studied English and Dakota, for the most part; and their proficiency appeared to be as satisfactory as was to be expected. The school was a manual labor institution, according to the testi­ mony of Mr. Riggs, “ in truth, as in name.” Special impor­ tance, indeed, was attached to this department. At the Lower Agency, no school had been opened, there having been one established there already, sustained and di­ rected by another denomination o f Christians, for the teaching o f English. Mr. J. P. Williamson, however, has given instruc­ tion to a few young men in Dakota, in order that they might 1 8 6 2 .] DAKOTAS. 1 6 7

be able to read the Scriptures, and also sing in connection with public worship.

SPIRITUAL RESULTS. The following table, prepared from the reports o f the different stations, will give a general view of the churches, under the care o f the mission, prior to thé recent outbreak.

CHURCHES. Added on Present Contribu­ • Examination. number. tions. Hazlewood, . 39 $ 70 Yellow Medicine, . 4 29 21 ZoaT, . 15 20

Totals, . 10 83 $ 111

These statistics would indicate that the year had been one of quiet progress. And such, without question, was the fact. The missionaries delivered their message, with diligence and fidelity, as aforetime; and a few seemed to “ arise from the dead,” Christ giving them his own blessed light. At the same time, our brethren were happy in the conviction that their communi­ cants were increasing in knowledge and stability. “ In gen­ eral,” wrote Mr. J. P. Williamson, “ the growth of the members in grace has been very satisfactory.” The contributions, mentioned in the foregoing table, did not include the sums which had been given for the new house of worship at the Lower Agency. The congregation at Hazle- wood remitted $80 for this object; and $65 were received from Yellow Medicine.

GENERAL PROGRESS. The advance of these Indians in civilization (such of them, at least, as had come more immediately under the influence of the mission) was undoubted. It would seem, indeed, to have been more marked and rapid than at any previous time. 11 T hey are planting larger fields,” Mr. Riggs affirmed, “ making better fences, taking better care of their crops, besides intro­ ducing a greater variety. And thus far, this year, they have the prospect of an abundant harvest. Their houses— the greater part of them built by the United States Government— are looking neater than formerly ; and they are getting more conveniences about them, as chairs, tables, bedsteads, feather beds, clocks, dishes, etc.” “ The number of farming Indians is rapidly increasing. True, some try the experiment, get tired o f it, and go back to their old w ays; but this was to be expected.” The testimony o f Dr. Williamson was o f the same general purport; and he made another statement, which was very gratifying: “ Very little intoxicating drink has been consumed 1 6 8 DAKOTAS. [Report,

by the Indians in this neighborhood, (Hazlewood and Yellow Medicine,) within the past year ; and none, to my knowledge, has been used by our church members.”

THE RECENT OUTBREAK. Such was the report which these brethren were able to make, at the close of their missionary year. A las! they little knew what a storm was to burst upon them, a few days later, driving them forth from their homes, and endangering the lives of all connected with them, and terminating in a moment, perhaps forever, a history that has been singularly fruitful of vicissitudes, trials, sacrifices, but which can never be studied by the thought­ ful and devout believer, without an increase o f his faith and joy- It was not till Monday, August 18, that the families at Yellow Medicine and Hazlewood clearly discerned the ap­ proaching tempest. On the morning o f that day, an attack was made upon the Lower Agency, distant thirty-three m iles; and a number of persons were killed. (Fortunately, Mr. J. P. Williamson was absent from the State at the time, and so escaped the destruction which overtook so many of the white residents.) The soldiers sent thither from Fort Ridgely, thirteen miles distant, were assailed promptly and fearlessly: and more than one-half fell in the contest which ensued. The war was transferred immediately to the fort itself; and the troops o f the United States found themselves under the neces­ sity o f acting on the defensive, with no certain prospect of relief. Tidings o f these events were not long in reaching Dr. Williamson and Mr. Riggs. The Christian Indians ren­ dered important aid in this em ergency; but it was soon apparent that they had no power to protect their benefactors. About three o’clock on Tuesday morning, the families at Ha­ zlewood fled from their homes, and repaired to an island in the Minnesota. A few hours later, Mr. Riggs became satisfied that this was no place of safety; and yet he had nothing but a horse and buggy for the removal of twenty-two persons. It so happened, however, that Mr. Hunter, son-in-law of Dr. W il­ liamson, had by this time crossed the Minnesota with a two- horse wagon and an ox w agon; and hence he was able to assist the Hazlewood party in seeking a covert from the storm. The entire company struck out at once upon the prairies, avoiding all roads as dangerous, and traveled ten miles in a drenching rain; after which they “ lay down in their wet clothes, without fire, and with but little food.” Next day they continued their course, in better weather, but with various hindrances and trials. On Friday, Dr. Williamson, with his 1 8 6 2 .] DAKOTAS. 1 6 9 wife and sister, (the rest of his family having accompanied Mr. Hunter,) overtook them, about sixteen miles from Fort Ridgely. He had left Yellow Medicine early on Wednesday morning. It was decided that the whole party, forty-four persons in all, should proceed to Fort Ridgely the same night; and Mr. Hunter went forward to prepare the way for their re­ ception. He found, however, that five hundred women and children had sought a refuge in the same place; and that the soldiers, weary and exhausted, were sustaining an Indian seige o f uncertain duration. The officer o f the day advised, there­ fore, that our friends should seek some other place o f safety. On receiving this unexpected report, they betook themselves to the prairies again, and traveled onward till long past mid­ night. Having rested for a brief space, they started once more on their anxious journey. Saturday night, they staid at a house which, by reason of the general panic, had been forsaken by its occupants. Sunday morning, having traveled four miles farther, they learned that six hundred soldiers had gone up the river. Then, for the first time, they felt secure. That Sab­ bath was, indeed, a day of rest. The Angel of the Lord, who had encamped round about them so constantly and so faith­ fully, was worshiped with grateful hearts. The Prudential Committee are not prepared to speak of the causes of this lamentable outbreak. The Dakotas have often complained, and not without some reason, of the treatment which for many years they have received from the United States Government, as also of the wrongs which they have endured from sundry individuals, who have had dealings with them. Here, probably, is the root of the difficulty, though the occasion o f the uprising may have been elsewhere. The future of the mission is concealed from mortal vision. Mr. Riggs has returned to the region involved in this sad con­ flict, with a chaplain’s commission, in the hope of benefiting the Christian Indians. Many o f them fperhaps all) would have joined the missionaries in their exodus, if they had been allowed to do s o ; and in the progress of the war he may be able to effect their deliverance. Beyond this humane endeavor, it is presumed that our brethren have no plans. The Providence o f God, in due time, will indicate the service which is appointed unto them. 15 170 OJIBWAS. [Report,

OJIBWAS.

O d a n a h . — Leonard H . Wheeler, Missionary; Edwin Ellis, M . D ., Teacher; David B. Spencer, Steward o f the Boarding School; Mrs. Hamet W . Wheeler, Mrs. D . B. Spencer; Miss Hhoda W . Spicer, Teacher; Henry Blatchford, Native Preacher. 1 station. 1 missionary. 2 male assistant missionaries— one a physician. 3 female assistant missionaries. 1 native preacher.

As the Prudential Committee thought it desirable that one of the Secretaries should visit Odanah early in the summer. Dr. W ood was requested to perform this service. The conferences which he held with the members o f the mission were mutually gratifying ; and they will doubtless be productive of much good in coming years. The Indians were cheered and encour­ aged, as was to be expected, by this new proof of the interest felt by the churches in their temporal and eternal welfare. The statements which follow, have the sanction of Dr. Wood, as well as o f the excellent brother who has labored so many years among the Ojibwas o f Lake Superior. It will be seen that the chief want of the mission is the baptism o f the Spirit.

TEMPORAL IMPROVEMENT. The Ojibwas have made considerable progress in the com­ forts and arts o f life, within the past year. Several new dwell­ ing houses have been commenced, and will soon be finished. Much new land is brought under tillage. Individual enterprise and habits of industry are slowly on the increase. The want of other employment than that which is connected with agri­ culture is mentioned as a serious hinderance to improvement. The cultivation o f the soil requires so much forethought, and so much waiting for results, that many of the young men prefer to labor for wages ; and they would accomplish more than they iiow do, if they could find greater facilities for such labor.

EDUCATION. * The boarding school, spoken of in former Reports, is con­ ducted with fidelity and success. There is more difficulty in obtaining and retaining pupils than was originally anticipated, owing to the unwillingness of young persons, (too often coun­ tenanced by their parents,) to submit to the rules prescribed for them. The average number of scholars has been twenty-two, 1 8 6 2 .] SENECAS. 1 71 eleven of them girls, and eleven boys or young men. The two sexes are allowed to meet only in the school-room and at the dining table. Next to moral and religious training, the highest place is given to domestic and out-door employments, as described in the Report of last year. The day-school has an average of about forty pupils. T he attendance is irregular; but the efficiency of the school is thought to be equal at least to that of any similar school.

RELIGIOUS CONDITION.

The church contains twenty-two members. No native has been admitted to Christian fellowship within the year under review ; and there has been no case o f death or excommunica­ tion. T he Indians generally abstain from labor on the Lord’s d a y ; but they have formed no regular habit o f attending the worship of the sanctuary. The Sabbath congregations vary from fifty to one hundred souls. The labor of preaching is divided between the missionary and an excellent native preacher, Mr. Henry Blatchford. “ The people,” Mr. Wheeler says, “ receive us kindly, when vve visit them at their homes, listen to our instruction, and come to church when they are invited; but without such visitation and invitation, they are seldom seen in the house o f God.” There is a necessity, therefore, for much preaching of the gospel from house to house. Some o f the church members evince a want of stability, and are neglectful o f Christian duties; but others exhibit a degree of consistency which greatly encourages and comforts the missionary in his work. A weekly female prayer meeting, and a monthly meeting of mothers, are spoken o f as exerting a happy influence.

SENECAS.

Cattaraugus. — Asher Wright, Missionary; Mrs. Laura B. Wright.

Upper Alleghany. — Nathaniel H . Pierce, Missionary; Mrs. Agnes D . Pierce.

O u t - s t a t i o n .— Old Town.— Janies Pierce, Native Preacher.

2 stations. 1 out-station. 2 missionaries. 2 female assistant missionaries. 1 native preacher.

The Committee have not been able, as yet, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the release o f Mr. Gleason. They are parties r a SENECAS. [Report, larly anxious to do so, because o f the impaired health o f the missionary who remains at Cattaraugus. Rev. Daniel Wight, Jr., at their request, spent five Sabbaths on this Reservation, early in the summer, partly for the relief of Mr. Wright, partly with a view to permanent labor in that field. It was in his heart to accept a permanent appointment from the Committee ; and the Senecas would have received him with great cordiality; but providential hinderatices arose, on his part, which appeared to be insuperable.

THE CHURCH A T . CATTARAUGUS. The spiritual aspect of the missionary work, on the larger Reservation, seems to have improved within the past twelve­ month. In January, Mr. Wright represented the meetings held during “ the week of prayer,” (according to the programme of the Evangelical Alliance,) as quite interesting. “ We have reason to bless the Lord,” he said, “ for tokens o f the H oly Spirit’s presence, particularly in the hearts of many of the brethren.” Those who had previously rejected the offer of salvation, now became thoughtful and attentive; and a num­ ber gave evidence that they had passed from death unto life. Thirteen Senecas have been received into the church within the year, so that the Indian communicants amount to 112. Adding those who are not Indians, we have a total of 121. “ A few o f these,” Mr. Wright says, “ are inclined to play ‘ fast and loose ’ with our Methodist and Baptist brethren ; and it is sometimes difficult to tell where to find them. But we have had far less o f this perplexity o f late, than we experienced in former years.” The contributions for benevolent objects have been small. This is owing to the fact that the year has borne heavily upon the secular interests o f the people, as will be hereafter stated. They have excused themselves, for this reason, from doing as much for the kingdom of Christ as in past years. The Ladies’ Sewing Society is accumulating funds for the partial support of the new missionary, who is so auxiously looked for; and they have expressed the determination to raise one hundred dollars, annually, for this object. The Sabbath School is still flourishing, the number in attend­ ance sometimes exceeding one, hundred, and seldom falling below seventy-five. It has received special proofs o f the divine favor since the last report. Of the thirteen who have recently joined the church, all but two have enjoyed its privileges.

OTHER INTERESTS AT CATTARAUGUS. The week-day schools, though supported by the State of N ew York, deserve a brief notice. There ar§ seven districts, 1 8 6 2 .] SENECAS. 1 7 3 having each one teacher; and the Orphan Asylum, (which has proved quite successful, notwithstanding its pecuniary embar­ rassments,) has two. Three of the nine are Indians, two males and one fem ale; the six white teachers are all females. The whole number of pupils enrolled is nearly three hundred. Mr. Wright describes their proficiency as “ generally quite fair, and in some instances very good.” This brother renews his testimony in regard to the advancing civilization of the Indians. “ The year under review,” he says, “ shows more encouragement ki this direction than any of its predecessors; though, in many respects, it has been a year of extraordinary difficulties and losses. The pecuniary embarrass­ ments of the people have been extreme.” Their crops were very light. A flood o f unusual height destroyed a large amount o f property, making rich men poor, and leaving many families in a state o f great destitution. But the exigency has been met in a way which shows that a gratifying change has been wrought in the condition of the Senecas. Instead o f yielding to feelings of discouragement, they have been stimulated to greater and (Mr. Wright believes) more cheerful efforts, “ revealing an element of elasticity under pressure, which gives pleasing promise for the future.” The friends of the red man will be glad to learn that the population o f Cattaraugus is on the increase. And they will rejoice to know, (what they can readily believe,) that this fact is to be classed with others, which prove the value of missions as a means o f prolonging life. It is found that the deaths among the pagan Indians are much more frequent than those among the Christian Indians.

ALLEGHANi RESERVATION. The labors of Mr. N. H. Pierce have been interrupted by sickness; and the plans which he formed for the year, were not fully developed. Still, he has not lacked encouragement. On returning to his work, after an absence which his illness occa­ sioned, he discovered “ an increased interest on the subject of religion,” especially on Cornplanter’s Reservation, where the pagans listened to the gospel, as they had never done before. One of their number has made a public profession o f her faith in the Saviour; while others, apparently, are almost persuaded to become his followers. For the liberality of the church members, (of whom there are seventy-one,) Mr. Pierce is able to say but little. He believes, nevertheless, that the coming year will show favorable results. The omissions o f the past year, indeed, may be partly owing to the presence of the small pox. This epidemic our missionary brother regards as the greatest affliction which has 174 SENECAS. [Report, befallen the Alleghany Senecas. Prior to the middle of July, about one hundred had been attacked by the disease; and how mauy more would come under its power, no one could predict. T he Committee are happy to say, however, that only six deaths had occurred previous to that tim e; and it is hoped that this trial, which “ for the present ” “ seemeth grievous,” will in the end yield the “ peaceable fruit o f righteousness ” unto them who are “ exercised thereby.” There are three Sabbath schools on this Reservation, in two of which, especially, much interest is taken by the parents as well as the children. Some o f the week-day schools have suf­ fered from the epidemic, described above. In concluding his report on this topic, Mr. Pierce says: “ Our schools here have flourished under excellent teachers ; and in the one at Com- planter’s more interest is taken by the pagans than formerly.” Some progress is made in the line of civilization, though the obstacles thereto are numerous. Intemperance is held in check, and the constituted authorities seem to be zealous and efficient in resisting the evil. In one instance, the President, accompa­ nied by the councilmen, etc., proceeded to an Irish shanty, where whiskey had been sold to the Indians for some time, and demolished the building. T w o other places o f the same char­ acter have been dealt with in a like summary way. 1 8 6 2 .] SUMMARY. 1 7 5

SUMMARY.

Missions. Number of Missions, . 20 “ “ Stations, . . I ll “ “ Out-stations, . 190

Laborers Employed. Number of ordained Missionaries (7 being Physicians), 145 “ “ Physicians not ordained, . “ “ other Male Assistants, “ “ Female Assistants, .... 174 Whole number of laborers sent from this country, -331 Number of Native Pastors, .... 31 “ “ Native Preachers, .... 198 “ “ Native Helpers,...... 299 “ “ School Teachers, .... 305— 833 Whole number of laborers connected with the Missions, 1,164

The Press. Number of Printing Establishments,...... Pages printed last year, as far as reported, . 10,229,200

The Churches. Number of Churches, (including all at the Sandwich Islands,) . 174 “ “ Church Members, (do. do.) so far as reported, 25,063 Added during the year, (do. do.) .... . 1,281

Educational Department. Number of Training and Theological Schools, .... 9 other Boarding S c h o o ls ,...... 11 Free Schools, (omitting those at Sandwich Islands,) . 328 Pupils in Free Schools, (omitting those at S .I.) 8,098 “ “ Training and Theological Schools, 273 “ “ Boarding Schools, . . 268 Whole number of P u p i l s ,...... -8,629 1 7 6 PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS. [Report,

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS.

Expenditures of the Board for the Year ending August 31, 1862.

C o s t o f t h e M i s s i o n s .

Zulu Mission. Remittances and purchases, ..... 13,621 43 Outfit, and expenses of Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd, 356 18 Passage of da. to South Africa, .... 400 00 Do. and expenses of Mr. L. Grout and family from South Africa, ..... 777 84 Expenses of do. in this country, . 145 97 Do. Mr. Rood and family, .... 673 63 Passage of do. to South Africa, and expenses, 650 00— 16,525 05

Gaboon Mission.

Drafts and purchases, ..... 1,567 85 Passsage of Miss Van Allen from Gaboon River, . 153 40 Expenses of Mr. and Mrs. Bushnell, 353 00- -2,074 25

Mission to Greece. Remittances, 1,242 90

Mission to Western Turkey. Remittances, drafts and purchases, . 45,804 68 Expenses o f Dr. Jewett and family, . 5'3 67 Passage of do. to Liverpool and expenses, 279 20 Return of Dr. Jewett’s family and expenses 405 00 Expenses of Mr. Peabody and family, 536 25 Do. Mr. Van Lennep, and family, 558 67 Do. Mr. Ball, 154 00 Do. Mr. Pettibone, . 192 00 Do. Dr. Dwight, 379 10 Grant to Rev. William Clark, 300 00- 49,112 57

Mission to Central Turkey. Remittances and purchases, . 18,081 27 Expenses of Mr. Powers and family, 368 00 Do. Mrs. Lobdell, . 159 00— 18,599 27

Mission to Eastern Turkey. Remittances and other payments, 21,296 33 Outfit and expenses of Miss Babcock, 232 00 Passage o f do. to Constantinople, 165 00 — 21,693 33 1 8 6 2 .] PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS. 1 7 7

Syria Mission. Purchases and remittances, . 16,423 93 Expenses of Mr. Bird and family, 354 70 Passage of do. to Liverpool, . 150 00 Expenses of Mr. Eddy and family, 400 00 Do. Mr. Wilson, 179 59 Do. Mrs. Smith, 200 00 Do. Mr. Hurter and family. 624 50 Passage of Mr. Hurter, 74 62— 18,407 34 JVestorian Mission. Drafts, purchases and remittances, . 22,114 51 Expenses of Dr. Perkins and family, 400 00 Passage and expenses of Dr. Perkins, 136 28 Expenses of Dr. Wright and family, 600 00— 23,250 79 Mahratta Mission. Remittances, drafts and purchases, 27,917 96 Expenses of Mr. Hazen and family, 600 00 Do. Mrs. Hume, 400 00 Outfit of Mr. Bruce, 118 38— 29,036 34 Madras Mission. Remittances and purchases, 5,766 91 Madura Mission. Payments at Madras, drafts and purchases, 27,922 21 Expenses of Mr. Chandler and family, 6!)0 00 Do. Mr. Muzzy and family, 377 20 — 28,899 41 Ceylon Mission. Payments at Madras, drafts and purchases, 16,080 81 Expenses of Mr. Howland and family, 70J 00 Passage of do. to Ceylon, .... 917 25 Outfit of Mrs. Green, ..... 222 00 Passage of Dr. and Mrs. Green, to Ceylon, . 500 00 — 18,420 06 Canton Mission. Remittances and other payments, 5,997 06 Fuh-chau Mission. Remittances and purchases, .... . 10,591 45 Shanghai Mission. Remittances, .... 2,442 28 Outfit of Mr. and Mrs. Stanley, 666 00 Traveling expenses of do. and freight, 145 16 Passage of do. to Shanghai, . 500 00 Outfit of Mr. Chapin, . 150 00- 3,903 44 Sandwich Islands Mission. Drafts and purchases, ..... 14,279 95 Payment of a subscription towards the endowment of the “ Oahu College,” made in 1857, . 5,000 00— 19,279 95 Micronesia Mission. Drafts and purchases, 7,474 20 North American Indians. Cherokee Missioa, 318 77 Dakota do. 3,081 22 Ojibwa do. 3,158 04 Seneca do. 1,161 95------7,719 98 1 7 8 PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS. [Report,

Cost of Collecting the F unds. 1. Agencies. Salary of Rev. William Warren, 1,000 00 Traveling expenses. 210 16 Salary of Rev. F. E. Cannon, D. D. . 800 00 Traveling expenses, 82 12 Salary of Rev. J. McLeod, thirteen months. 750 00 Traveling expenses, 121 47 Salary of Rev. S. G. Clark, three months, 200 00 Traveling expenses, 52 66 Salary of Rev. C. Clark, 800 0) Traveling expenses, 191 30 Salary of Rev. J. L. Jenkins, five months, 625 00 Traveling expenses, 52 45 Salary of Rev. N. L. Lord, 1,000 00 Traveling expenses, 242 07 Rent of office at Philadelphia, 85 39 Do. Cincinnati, . 12 50 Salary of Rev. D. Lindley, 1,000 00 Traveling expenses, 242 93 Circulars and postage, 96 51 Traveling expenses of returned missionaries and others, while on agencies, .... 610 74- ■8,175 30

2. Publications Cost of the Missionary Herald, (including the salary of the Editor and General A g e n t , ) ...... 7 937 69 Deduct amount received from subscribers, . 2,358 24- -5,579 45 (11,000 copies have been distributed to pastors and churches gratuitously.) Cost of the Journal of Missions and Day- spring, from September 1, 1861, to Janu­ ary 1, 1862, 48,462 copies, . . . 2,413 90 Deduct amount received from subscribers, . 200 00- -2,213 90 (46.862 copies have been distributed to pastors and churches gratuitously.) Annual Report, 4,000 copies, .... 541 15 Abstract of do. 750 copies, .... 18 87 Dr. Storrs’s Sermon, 3,000 copies, 195 00 Historical Sketch of the Armenian missions, 5,000 copies, 296 93 Do. Nestorian and Assyrian mission, 5,000 copies, . 209 31 Do. Syria mission, 4,000 copies, 222 53 Four page Tracts, 40,000 copies, 66 66 Letter to Dr. Candlish, 5.000 copies, . 102 00 American Board and its Reviewers, 371 copies, 17 08 Dr. Peabodf’s Review, 2,025 copies, . 64 34 Quarterly Letters to Sabbath Schools, three, 3,500 copies each, ..... 94 00 Printing for District Secretaries, 129 85 Misretlaneous printing, 75 88 Memorial Volume, 237 copies, 125 70 Tabular View, 300 copies, 14 50 B in d in g , .... 73 00 Maps of Mission Fields, 84 51 Circulars, .... 3 00- ■10,127 66

C o s t o f A dministration . 1. Department o f Correspondence. Salary of Dr Anderson, $2,000, less $700, received from Fund for Officers, . .... 1,300 00 Salary of Mr. Treat, $1,800; less $700, as above, . . 1,100 00 Clerk hire, ...... 1,100 03 • ■3,500 00 2. Treasurer’s Department. Salary of the Treasurer, $2,500; less $700, as above, . 1,8*10 00 Clerk hire, ...... 2,217 00 -4,017 00 1862.] PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS. 179

3. JVew York City. Salary of Dr. W ood, $2,000; less $700, as above, 1,300 00 Traveling expenses of do. 139 98 Salary of Agent, 1,000 00 Do. C¿erk, 6(10 00 Office rent, .... 758 34 Postage and other expenses, . 259 47------4,057 79 4. Miscellaneous Charges. Postage of letters and pamphlets, 629 57 Fuel and gas, ...... 58 53 Stationery, ...... 149 02 Books and periodicals for library, and binding do. . 156 85 Care of Missionary House, and extra labor, 350 25 Freight and cartage, ..... 119 65 , Repairs, (of which $800 are extra,) * 1,088 29 Insurance and taxes, ..... 70 48 Copying of letters and documents, 363 05 Expenses of meetings of the Board in New York and Boston, in May last, 99 25 •Arranging correspondence and other documents, 234 25 ♦Binding of do. .... 187 50 *Legal expenses attending legacies, . 629 02 Traveling expenses of officers of the Board in attending annual meeting, ..... 147 56 Do. do. including those of Dr. Wood, in attending meet ings of the Prudential Committee, 143 32------4,426 59

$ 322 298 64 Balance for which the Board was in debt, September 1, 1861, 27,885 54

$350,184 18

Receipts of tlxe Board for the Year ending August 31, 1862. Donations as acknowledged in the Missionary Herald, $247,488 22 Legacies “ “ “ 73,225 85 Interest on the General Permanent Fund, (£23,000 being invested in the Missionary House.) ...... 3,002 00 Interest from Ashley Fund, ..... 150 00 Avails of press at Madras, ..... 1,785 95 “ “ land, buildings, and book depository at Ceylon, 1,303 90 Translating for the U. S. Consul at Canton, 897 41 Rents at Shanghai, ...... 717 23 Chinese Indemnity, in part, for printing establishment, 10,000 00 Avails of land in Oregon, ..... 4'*0 00 “ “ property at Hazlewood, .... 25 00 “ “ mill “ “ .... 35 00 Payment on house, Seneca mission, 5) 00

339.080 56 Balance for which the Board is in debt, September 1, 1862, 11,103 62

$350,184 18

General Permanent Fund. This fund amounts to 3,715 32

Permanent Fund for Officers. This fund amounts, as last year, to ...... $39,840 00

Permanent Fund for Officers, Interest Account. Balance on hand, September 1, 1861, . . . #76 87 Received within the year for interest, . . . 2,741 30-----2,818 17 Paid balance of salaries of Secretaries and Treasurer, . . 2 800 00

B alan ce,...... $18 17 * These items being extraordinary, are not included in Schedule A, p. 40, of the Annual Report. 180 DONATIONS. [Report,

SUMMARY OF DONATIONS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR.

MAINE. A u x i l i a r y S o c i e t i e s , Cumberland County, H. Packard, Tr. Portland, s 2,890 31 Franklin County, Rev. I. Rogers, Tr. Farmington, 126 89 Kennebec Conf. o f chs. 373 19 Lincoln County, 1,090 59 Penobscot County, E. F. Duron, Tr. Bangor, 982 97 York Conf. o f chs. Rev. G. W . Cressey, Tr. Buxton Centre, 745 61 Towns not associated, L e g a c i e s , ...... Donations for School Fund, 9,440 &4

N E W H A U P SHIRE . Cheshire County, Asa Duren, Tr. Keene, 1,013 63 Grafton County, 881 88 Hillsboro’ County, E. S. Russell, Nashua, 1,866 59 Merrimack County, G. Hutchins, Tr. Concord, 1,210 48 Rockingham Conf. o f chs. F. Grant, Tr. Exeter, 1,265 57 Strafford Conf. of chs. E. J. Lane, Tr. Dover, 618 15 Sullivan County, N. W . Goddard, Tr. Claremont, 389 70- -7,246 00 Towns not associated, 58 86 L e g a c i e s , ...... 1,048 52 Donations for School Fund, 450 25 8,803 63

VERMONT. Addison County, Amos Wilcox, Tr. Middlebury, 356 38 Caledonia Co. Conf. o f chs. E. Jewett, Tr. St. Johnsbury, 2,180 47 Chittenden County, E. A . Fuller, Tr. Burlington, 603 02 Franklin County, C. B. Swift, Tr. St. Albans, 565 16 Orange County, Rev. J. C. Houghton, Tr. Chelsea, 690 41 Orleans County, Rev. A . R. Gray, Tr. Coventry, 457 28 Rutland County, J. Barrett, Tr. Rutland“, 1,240 91 Waphington County, G. W . Scott, Tr. Montpelier, 441 09 Windham County, F. Tyler, Tr. Brattleboro’, 1,053 17 j Rev. C. B. Drake, Tr. Royalton, ) Windsor County, I J. Steele, Tr. Windsor, J 941 12- —8,529 01 Towns not associated, 546 51 Legacies, . 6,099 21 Donations for School Fund, 623 22 15,797 95

MASSACHUSETTS. Barnstable County, West Barnstable, 573 88 Pittsfield, H. G. Davis, Tr. j 3,902 66 Berkshire County, James Sedgwick, Tr. Gt. Barrington, Boston, 23,460 21 Brookfield Association, William Hyde, Tr. Ware, 3,109 30 Essex County, 2,948 23 Essex County, North, James Caldwell, Tr. Newburyport, 2,331 22 Essex County, South. C. M. Richardson, Tr. Salem, 2,980 24 Franklin County, Lewis Merriam, Tr. Greenfield, 1,307 39 Hampden County, J. C. Bridgman, Tr. Springfield, 3,392 79 Hampshire County, S. E. Bridgman, Tr. Northampton, 7,398 15 Middlesex County, 11,303 54 Norfolk County, 5,797 21 Amount carried forward, 68,504 82 1 8 6 2 .] DONATIONS. 1 8 1

Amount brought forw ard,...... $68,504 82 Old Colony, 943 99 Palestine Missionary Society, Ebenczer Aldcn, Tr. Randolph, 2,098 S3 Plymouth County, 321 95 Taunton and vicinity, 1,808 03 Worcester County, North, C. Sanderson, Tr. Templeton, 689 11 Worcester, Central, William 11. Hooper, Tr. Worcester, 6,839 00 Worcester County, South, W . C. Capron, Tr. Uxbridge, 1,814 28 — 82,010 51 Towns not associated...... 1,626 08 L e g a c i e s , ...... 17,048 20 Donations for School Fund, .... 1,131 IT 101,82ft 56

CONNECTICUT. Fairfield County, East, 809 08 Fairfield County, West, Charles Marvin, Tr. Wilton, 2,338 56 Hartford County, A . G. Hammond, Agent. Hartford, 6,255 Q8 Hartford County, South, H. S. Ward, Tr. Middletown, 1,839 52 Litchfield County, G. C. Woodruff, Tr. Litchfield, 2,513 29 Middlesex Association, John Mairiii, Tr. Hadlyme, 924 33 S ew Haven City, F. T. Jarman, Agent. New Haven, 3,799 23 New Haven County, East, F. T. Jarman, Agent. New Haven, 1,220 69 New Haven Co., W . Conso. W . Atwater, Tr. New Haven, 1,903 89 New London and vie. and i F. A . Perkins, Tr. Norwich, Norwich and vicinity, I Charles Butler, Tr. New London, 4,637 55 Tolland County, E. B. Preston, Tr. Rockville, 2,215 12 Windham County, G. Danielson, Tr. 1,387 89— 29,846 13 Towns not associated, 11» 00 Legacies, 6,171 53 Donations for School Fund, 228 32 36,357 #8

EHOBE ISLAND. Donations, 4,551 24 Donations for School Fund, 82 65 4,643 89

NEW Y OBE. Auburn and vicinity, I. F. Terrill, Agent. Auburn, 451 11 Buffalo and vicinity, Horace Stillman, Agent. Buffalo, 1,373 82 Chatauque County, S. H. Hungerford, Tr. Westfield, 269 35 Geneva and vicinity, W . H. Smith, Agent. Geneva, 1,148 18 Greene County, John Doane, Agent. Catskill, 383 80 Monroe County and vie. | William A^Hn^iTent. Rochester, 1,24104 New York City and Brooklyn,A. Merwin, Tr. New York city, 24,332 87 Oneida County, J. E. Warner, Tr. Utica, 1,476 26 Otsego County, D. H. Little, Tr. Cherry Valley, 797 80 •St. Lawrence County, C. T. Hulburd, Tr. Gouverneur, 471 48 Syracuse and vicinity, Henry Babcock, Syracuse, 212 42 Watertown and vicinity, F. Baker, Agent. Watertown, 637 83---- 32,705 96 Towns not a ssocia ted , ...... 13,650 22 Legacies...... 36,642 74 Donations for School Fund, .... 1,13180 84,220 72

NEW JEESEY. Donations...... 4,648 60 Donations for School Fund,...... 187 95

4,836 64

PENNSYLVANIA. Donations, 7,202 97 Donatione for School Fund, 674 49 1 8 2 DONATIONS. [Report,

DELAWARE. IOWA. Donations, 488 19 Donations, .... 484 10 Donations for School Fund,. 32 00 Donations for School Fund,. 67 60 520 19 551 70 MAE YL AND. Board of Foreign Missions in Ger MISSOURI. man Reformed Church, Rev Donations, .... 302 61 Elias Heiner, Tr. 1,000 00 Donations for School Fund, 31 85 Donations, .... 63 00 Donations for School Fund,. 14 00 334 46 1,077 00 KENTUCKY. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Donations, .... 20 00 Donations for School Fund, . 2 07 Donations, 990 86 Legacies, 510 00 22 07 1,500 86 MINNESOTA. VIRGINIA. 227 96 Donations...... 61 50 Donations, Donations for School Fund,'. 20 00 81 50 CALIFORNIA, OHIO. Donations, .... 621 99 By G. L. Weed, Tr. 2,484 24 Donations for School Fund, . 25 00 By T. P. Handy, . 1,717 29 Donations, , 3,620 98 Legacies, . 3,080 15 Donations for School Fund, 500 87 KANSAS. 11,403 53 Donations, 34 00 INDIANA. Donations, .... 1,784 28 OREGON. Donations for School Fund, 114 78 Donations, .... 92 60 1,899 06 Donations for School Fund,. 6 80 ILLINOIS. 99 40 D o n a tio n s ,...... 5,343 17 L e g a c i e s , ...... 99 50 NEBRASKA TERRITORY. Donations for School Fund,. . 316 17 D o n a tio n s,...... 2 00 5,758 84

MICHIGAN. IN FOREIGN LANDS AND MISSION­ D o n a tio n s,...... 3,229 34 Legacies...... 1,091 00 ARY STATIONS. Donations for School Fund,. . 226 86 \ Donations 16,581 29 Donations for School Fund, . 229 54 4,546 20 16,810 83 WISCONSIN. Donations...... Unknown, 0 92 Donations for School Fund,. 1,386 19 Total, $320,714 07 1862 RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD. 18S

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD.

T h e following table exhibits the income of the Board, from all sources, since its organization. For the year ending September, 1811, # 999 52 August 31, 1812, 13,611 60 1813, 11,361 18 1814, 12,265 56 1815, 9,493 89 1816, 12,501 03 1817, 29.948 63 1818, 34,727 72 1819, 37,520 63 1820, 39.949 45 1821, 46,354 95 1822, 60,087 87 1823, 55,758 94 1824, 47,483 58 1825, 55,716 18 1826, 61,616 25 1827, 88,341 89 1828, 102,009 64 1829, 106,928 26 1830, 83,019 37 1831, 100,934 09 1832, 130,574 12 1833, 145,847 77 1834, 152,386 10 July 31, 1835, 163,340 19 1836, 176,232 15 1837, 252,076 55 1838, 236,170 98 1839, 244,169 82 1840, 241,691 04 1841, 235,189 30 1842, 318,396 53 1843, 244,254 43 1844, 236,394 37 1845, 255,112 96 1846, 262,073 55 1847, 211,402 76 1848, 254,056 46 1849, 291,705 27 1850, 251,862 28 1851, 274,902 21 1852, 301,732 70 1853, 314,922 88 1854, 305,778 84 1855, 310,427 77 1856, 307,318 69 1857, 388,932 69 1858, 334,018 48 1859, 350,915 45 1860, 429,799 08 Aug st 31, 1861, 340,522 56 1862, 339,080 56 184 OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. [.Report,

OFFICEKS OY THE BOAE1).

Death or Death or Election. Presidents. Resignation. Election. Resignation. 1810 JOHN TREADWELL, LL. D. 1833 Corresponding Secretaries. 1823 JOSEPH LYMAN, D. D. 1826 1810 SAMUEL WORCESTER. D. D. 1821 1826 JOHN COTTON SMITH, LL. U. 1841 1821 JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esq. 1831 J841 THEO. FRELINGHUYSEN, LL. D. 1857 1831 ELIAS CORNELIUS, D. I). 183:2 1857 MARK HOPKINS, D. D., LL. D. 1832 BENJAMIN B. WISNER, D. D. 1835 Vice Presidents. 1832 RUFUS ANDERSON, D. D. 1810 SAMUEL SPRING, D. D. 1819 1832 Rev. DAVID GREENE, 1848 1819 JOSEPH LYMAN, D. D. 1823 1835 WILLIAM J. ARMSTRONG, D. D. 1847 1823 JOHN COTTON SMITH, LL. D. 1826 1847 Rev. SELAH B. TREAT. 1826 STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER, 1848 SWAN L. POMROY, D. D. 1859 LL. D. 1839 1852 GEORGE W . WOOD, D. D. 3839 THEO. FRELINGHUYSEN, LL. D. 1841 1841 THOMAS S. WILLIAMS, LL. D. 1857 Assistant Corresponding Secretaries 1857 WILLIAM JESSUP, LL. D. 1824 Rev. RUFUS ANDERSON, 1832 1828 Rev. DAVID GREENE, 1832 Prudential Committee. Recording Secretaries. 1810 WILLIAM BARTLET, Esq. 1814 1810 SAMUEL SPRING, D. D. 1819 1810 CALVIN CHAPIN, D. D. 1843 1810 SAMUEL WORCESTER, D. D. 1821 1843 Rev. SELAH B. TREAT, 1847 1812 JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esq. 1830 1847 SAMUEL M. WORCESTER, D. D. 1815 JEDIDIAH MORSE, D. D. 18-31 Assistant Recording Secretaries. 1818 Hon. WILLIAM REED, 1834 1836 CHARLES STODDARD, Esq. 1839 1819 LEONARD WOODS, D. D. 1834 1839 BELA B. EDWARDS, D. D. 1842 1821 SAMUEL HUBBARD, LL. D. 1843 1842 Rev. DANIEL CROSBY, 1843 1821 WARREN FAY, D. D. 1839 1828 BENJAMIN B. WISNER, D. D. 1835 Treasurers. 1831 ELIAS CORNELIUS, D. D. 1832 1810 SAMUEL H. WALLEY, Esq. 1811 1832 Hon. SAMUEL T. ARMSTRONG, 1850 1811 JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esq. 1822 1832 CHARLES STODDARD, Esq. 1823 HENRY HILL, Esq. 1854 1834 JOHN TAPPAN, Esq. 1854 JAMES M. GORDON, Esq. 1835 DANIEL NOYES, Esq. 1845 1837 NEHEMIAH ADAMS, D. i). A u d ito rs. 1839 SILAS AIKEN, D. D. 1849 1810 JOSHUA GOODALE, Esq. 1812 1843 WILLIAM W . STONE, Esq. 1850 1812 SAMUEL H. WALLEY, Esq. 1813 1845 Hon. W ILLIAM J. HUBBARD. 1859 1813 CHARLES WALLEY, Esq. 1814 1849 AUGUSTUS C. THOMPSON, D. D. 1814 CHESTER ADAMS, Esq. 1817 1850 Hon. WILLIAM T.EUSTIS. 1817 ASHUR ADAMS, Esq. 18-22 1850 Hon. JOHN AIKEN. 182-2 CHESTER ADAMS, Esq. 1827 1851 Hon. DANIEL SAFFORD. 1856 1827 WILLIAM ROPES, Esq. 1829 1854 HENRY HILL, Esq. 1829 JOHN TAPPAN, Esq. 1834 1856 ISAAC FERRIS, D. D. 1857 1829 CHARLES STODDARD, Esq. 1832 1856 ASA D. SMITH, D. D. 183-2 Hon. WILLIAM J. HUBBARD, 1842 1856 WALTER S. GRIFFITH, Esq. 1834 DANIEL NOYES, Esq. 1835 >857 ALPHEUS HARDY, Esq. 1835 CHARLES SCUDDER, Esq. 1847 1859 Hon. LINUS CHILD. 1812 MOSES L. HALE, Esq. 1860 WILLIAM S. SOUTHWORTH, Esq. 1817 Hon. SAMUEL H. WALLEY. 1 8 6 2 .] MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. 1 8 5

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD.

CORPORATE MEMBERS. [The names under each State are arranged according to the time of election.] Maine* 1832 ENOCH POND, D. D., Bangor. 1838 BENJAMIN TAPPAN, D. D., Augusta. 1842 WILLIAM T. DWIGHT, D. D., Portland. 1843 SWAN LYMAN POMROY, D. D., Portland. 1851 GEORGE F. PATTEN, Esq., Bath. 1854 JOHN W . CHICKERING, D. D., Portland. 1856 GEORGE E. ADAMS, D. D., Brunswick. 1856 WILLIAM W . THOMAS, Esq., Portland. 1857 AMOS D. LOCKWOOD, Esq., Lewiston.

New Hampshire* 1832 NATHAN LORD, D. D., Hanover. 1840 ZEDEKIAH S. BARSTOW, D. D., Keene. 1842 JOHN K. YOUNG, D. D., Laconia. 1857 NATHANIEL BOUTON, D. D., Concord. 1859 Hon. WILLIAM HAILE, Hinsdale. 1860 Hon. GEORGE W . NESMITH, Franklin. 1862 R e v . ALVAN TOBEY, Durham. 1862 EDWARD SPALDING, M. D., Nashua.

Vermont. 1838 CHARLES WALKER, D. D., Pittsford. 1839 SILAS AIKEN, D. D., Rutland. 1840 WILLARD CHILD, D. D., Castleton. 1842 Hon. ERASTUS FAIRBANKS, St. Johnsbury. 1842 BENJAMIN LABAREE, D. D., Middiebury. 1842 Rev. JOSEPH STEELE, Middiebury. 1859 LEWIS H. DELANO, Esq., Hardwick.

Massachusetts. 1820 WILLIAM ALLEN, D. D., Northampton. 1827 JOHN TAPPAN, Esq., Boston. 1828 HENRY HILL, Esq., Roxbury. 1832 RUFUS ANDERSON, D. D., Boston. 1832 Rev. DAVID GREENE, Westboro’. 1832 CHARLES STODDARD, Esq., Boston. 1834 Rev. SYLVESTER HOLMES, Plymouth. 1837 NEHEMIAH ADAMS, D. D., Boston. 1838 AARON W ARNER, D. D., Amherst. 1838 MARK HOPKINS, D. D., LL. D., Williamstown. 1840 WILLIAM JENKS, D. D., Boston. 1840 ALFRED ELY, D. D., Monson. 1840 HORATIO BARDWELL, D. D., Oxford. 1840 EBENEZER ALDEN, M. D., Randolph. 1840 EDWARD W . HOOKER, D. D., Newburyport. 1842 RICHARD S. STORRS, D. D., Braintree. 1842 EBENEZER BURGESS, D. D., Dedham. 1842 JOHN NELSON, D. D., Leicester. 1842 Hon. SAMUEL W1LLISTON, Easthampton. 1843 Rev. SELAH B. TREAT, Boston. 1845 Hon. WILLIAM J. HUBBARD, Boston. 1845 HENRY B. HOOKER, D. D., Boston. * m e m b e r s o r t h e b o a r d . [Report,

1845 Hon. LINUS CHILD, Boston. 1845 CALVIN E. STOWE, D. D., Andover. 1847 SAMUEL M. WORCESTER, D. D., Salem. 1848 ANDREW W . PORTER, Esq., Monson. 1848 Hon. SAMUEL H. WALLEY, Boston. 1849 AUGUSTUS C. THOMPSON, D.D., Roxbury. 1850 Hon. WILLIAM T. EUSTIS, Boston. 1850 Hon. JOHN AIKEN, Andover. 1852 WILLIAM ROPES, Esq., Boston. 1853 JOHN TODD, D. D., Pittsfield. 1854 SETH SWEETSER, D. D., Worcester. 1854 JAMES M. GORDON, Esq., Boston. 1855 AMOS BLANCHARD, D. D., Lowell. 1857 ALPHEUS HARDY, Esq., Boston. 1860 Hon. REUBEN A. CHAPMAN, Springfield. 1860 WILLIAM S. SOUTH WORTH, E sq., Lowell. 1862 ABNER KINGMAN, Esq.. Boston. 1862 Hon. WILLIAM HYDE, Ware.

Bhode Island. 1846 Rev. THOMAS SHEPARD, D. D., Bristol. 1850 JOHN KINGSBURY, LL. D., Providence.

Connecticut. 1817 JEREMIAH DAY, D. D., LL. D., New Haven. 1832 NOAH PORTER, D. D., Farmington. 1838 JOEL HAWES, D .D .. Hartford. 1838 MARK TUCKER, D. D., Yernon. 1838 Hon. THOMAS W . WILLIAMS, New London. 1840 Hon. SETH TERRY. Hartford. 1840 JOHN T. NORTON, Esq., Farmington. 1842 ALVAN BOND, D. D., Norwich. 1842 LEONARD BACON. D. D., New Haven. 1842 HENRY WHITE, Esq., New Haven. 1843 JOEL H. LINSLEY, D. D., Greenwich. 1843 Rev. DAVID L. OGDEN, New Haven. 1852 Gen. WILLIAM WILLIAMS. Norwich. 1854 SAMUEL W . S. DUTTON, D. D., New Haven. 1855 GEORGE KELLOGG, Esq., Rockville. 1859 THEODORE D. WOOLSEY, D. D., LL. D., New Haven. 1859 Hon. WILLIAM A. BUCKINGHAM, Norwich. 1860 LUCIUS BARBOUR. Esq., Hartford. 1860 ELISHA L. CLEAVELAND, D.D., New Haves. 1860 JOHN A. DAVENPORT, Esq., New Haven. 1862 CALVIN DAY, Esq., Hartford.

New York. 1812 ELIPHALET NOTT, D. D., Schenectady. 1823 LYMAN BEECHER, D. D., Brooklyn. 1824 GARDINER SPRING, D. D., New York city. 1826 THOMAS DE WITT, D. D„ New York city. 1826 NATHAN S. S. BEMAN, D. D., Troy. 1834 JAMES M. MATHEWS, D. D., New York city. 1838 ISAAC FERRIS, D. D.. New York city. 1838 THOMAS H. SKINNER. D. D., New York city. 1838 WILLIAM W. CHESTER, Esq., New York city. 1838 PELATIAH PERIT, Esq., New York city. 1839 WILLIAM B. SPRAGUE, D. D., Albany. 1840 REUBEN H. WALWORTH, LL. D., Saratoga Springs. 1840 DIEDRICH WILLERS, D. D., Fayette, Seneca County. 1840 Hon. CHARLES W . ROCKWELL, New York city. 1840 DAVID H. LITTLE, Esq., Cherry Valley. 1840 CHARLES MILLS, Esq., Kingsborough. 1842 SAMUEL H. COX, D. D., Leroy. 1842 ARISTARCHUS CHAMPION, Esq., Rochester. 1842 Hon. WILLIAM L. F. WARREN, Saratoga Springs. 1842 H AR VEY ELY, Esq., Rochester. 1842 WILLIAM ADAMS, D .D ., New York city. 1842 ■ JOEL PARKER, D. D., New York city. 1842 ANSEL D. EDDY, D. D., Seneca Falls. 1 8 6 2 .] MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. 1 8 7

1843 WILLIAM WISNER, D. D., Ithaca. 1843 EDWARD ROBINSON, D.D., New York city. 1843 WILLIAM PATTON, D. D., New York citv. 1843 WILLIAM W. STONE, Esq., New York city. 1845 JOHN FORSYTH, D. D., Newburgh. 1846 Hon. H EN RY W . TAYLOR, Canandaigua. 1846 CALVIN T. HULBURD, Esq., Brasher Falls. 1848 DAVID WESSON, Esq., Brooklyn. 1848 LAURENS P. H1CKOK, D. D., Schenectady. 1848 WILLIAM M. HALSTED, Esq., New York city. 1848 SIMEON BENJAMIN, Esq, Elmira. 1850 ROBERT W. CONDIT, D D., Oswego. 1851 Rev. SIMEON NORTH, LL. D.. Clinton. 1851 SAMUEL W. FISHER, D. D., Clinton. 1851 H E N R Y SMITH, D. D., Buffalo. 1852 WALTER S. GRIFFITH. Esq., Brooklyn. 1852 ISAAC N. WYCKOFF, D. D., Albany. 1852 Hon. WILLIAM F. ALLEN, Oswego. 1852 GEORGE W. WOOD., D. D., New York city. 1853 ASA D. SMITH, D. D „ New York city. 1853 OLIVER E. WOOD, Esq.. New York city. 1853 MONTGOMERY S. GOOD ALE, D.D., Amsterdam. 1853 Rev. WILLIAM S. CURTIS, Clinton. 1854 W ALTER CLARKE, D. D., Buffalo. 1854 RAY PALMER, D. D., Albany. 1855 PHILEMON H. FOW LER. D. D., Utioa. 1855 GEORGE B. CHEEVER, D. D., New York city. 1855 SAMUEL T. SPEAR, D. D., Brooklyn. 1855 JACOB M. SCHERMERHORN, Esq., Homer. 1857 W ILLIAM E. DODGE, Esq., New York city. 1860 JONATHAN B. CONDIT, 1). D., Auburn. 1860 JAMES W. McLANE, D. D., Brooklyn. 1860 WILLIAM A. BOOTH, E

New Jersey. 1823 S. V . S. W ILD ER, Esq., Elizabethtown. 1832 Hon. PETER D. VROOM, Trenton. 1838 DAVID MAGIE, D. D., Elizabethtown. 1838 RICH ARD T. HAINES, E*q . Elizabethtown. 1840 Hon. JOSEPH C. HORN BLOWER, Newark. 1840 DAVID H. RIDDLE, D. D., Jersey City. 1842 J. MARSHAL PAUL, M .D ., Belvidere. 1843 BENJAMIN C. TAYLOR. I). D , Hudson. 1848 ABRAHAM B. HASBROUCK, LL. D., New Brunswick. 1848 Hon. DANIEL HAlNiiS, Hamburg, 1853 JONATHAN F. STEARNS, D. D., Newark. 18Ö5 Rev. THORNTON A. MILLS, Newark. 1856 LYNDON A . SMITH, M. D., Newark.

Pennsylvania. 1832 JOHN McDOWELL, D. D., Philadelphia. 1838 W ILLIAM R. DE WITT, D .D ., Harrisburg. 1838 AMBROSE W H ITE, Esq., Philadelphia. 1840 Hon. WILLIAM DARLING, Philadelphia. 1840 WILLIAM JESSUP, LL. D., Montrose. 1840 BERNARD C. WOLF, D. D., Easton. 1840 Rev. ALBERT BARNES, Philadelphia. 1840 J. W . N EVIN , D. D., Mercersburg. 1843 SAMUEL H. PERKINS, Esq., Philadelphia. 1855 JOHN A. BROWN, Esq., Philadelphia. 1855 Hon. WILLIAM STRONG, Philadelphia. 1855 GEORGE A. LYON. D.D., Erie. 1857 MATTHIAS W. BALDWIN, Esq., Philadelphia. 1859 THOMAS BRAINERD, D. D., Philadelphia. 1859 JAMES W. WEIR, Esq., Harrisburg.

Maryland. 1838 JAMES G. HAMNER, D. D., Baltimore. MEMBERS OF THE BOARD.

District of Columbia. 1842 JOHN CROSS SMITH, D. D., Washington. Virginia. 1826 Gen. JOHN H. COCKE, Fluvanna County. Missouri. 1851 HENRY A. NELSON, D. D., St. Louis. 1857 TRUMAN M. POST, D. D., St. Louis. 1860 JOHN B. JOHNSON, M. D., St. Louis. Tennessee. 1842 SAMUEL RHEA, Esq., Blountsville. Ohio. 1838 GEORGE E. PIERCE, D. D., Hudson. 1843 SAMUEL C. AIKEN, D D., Cleveland. 1851 D. HOWE ALLEN, D. D., Walnut Hills. 1853 DOUGLASS PUTNAM, Esq., Harmar. 1853 ROBERT W. STEELE, Esq., Dayton. 1853 HENRY L. HITCHCOCK, D. D.. Hudson. 1855 M. LA RUE P. THOMPSON, D. D., Cincinnati. 1857 T. P. HANDY, Esq., Cleveland. Michigan. 1838 EUROTAS P. HASTINGS, Esq., Detroit. 1851 HARYEY D. KITCHELL, D. D., Detroit. 1851 Hon. CHARLES NOBLE, Monroe. Indiana. 1851 Hon. JEREMIAH SULLIVAN, Madison. 1853 Rev. JOHN W . CUNNINGHAM, Laporte. 1862 Rev. JOHN G. ATTERBURY, New Albany. Illinois. 1845 BAXTER DICKINSON, D. D., Lake Forest. 1851 JULLAN M. STURTEVANT, D. D., Jacksonville. 1851 Rev. ARATAS KENT, Galena. 1851 ROBERT W. PATTERSON, D. D., Chicago. 1851 WILLIAM H. BROWN, Esq., Chicago. 1853 Rev. AUGUSTUS T. NORTON, Alton. 1853 DAVID A. SMITH, Esq., Jacksonville. 1853 Rev. WILLIAM CARTER, Pittsfield. 1860 Prof. SAMUEL C. BARTLETT, Chicago. Iowa. 1851 Rev. JOHN C. HOLBROOK, Dubuque. 1857 Rev. W . HENRY WILLIAMS, Keokuk. Wisconsin. 1851 AARON L. CHAPIN, D. D., Beloit. 1851 ELIPHALET CRAMER, Esq., Milwaukie. 1860 Rev. ENOS J. MONTAGUE, Summit.

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. Great Britain. Election* 1839 Sir CULLING E . EARDLEY, Bart. 1840 JOHN STEVENSON, D. D. 1840 Rev. GEORGE CANDY. 1843 Lieut. Col. ROBERT ALEXANDER. 1851 Lord STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE. 1 8 6 2 .] MEMBERS DECEASED OR RESIGNED. 1 8 9

CORPORATE MEMBERS DECEASED OR RESIGNED.

[The names under each State are arranged according lo the time of decease or resignation. The year is that ending with the annual meetings in September or October.]

Death or Death or Election. M ain e. Resignation. Election. Resignation. 1813 JESSE APPLETON, D. D. 1820 18-26 JOHN CODMAN, D. D. 1848 182Ö EDWARD PAYSON, D. D. 1828 183-2 Hon. SAMUEL T. ARMSTRONG, 1850 1842 DAVID DUNLAP, 1843 1826 Hon. LEWIS STRONG, r. 1852 1813 Gen. HENRY SEWALL, 1845 1835 DANIEL NOYES, 1852 1842 WILLIAM RTCHARDSON, 1847 J839 BELA B. EDWARDS, D. D. 1852 1849 ELIPHALET GILLETT, D. D. 1649 184-2 Hon. ALFRED D. FOSTER, 1852 1836 LEVI CUTTER, 1856 18Ü6 JUSTIN EDWARDS, D. D. 1853 1845 ASA CUMMINGS, D. D. 1856 1819 LEONARD WOODS, D.D. 1854 1*36 JOHN W. ELLINGIVODD, D. D. 1860 18-21 JOSHUA BATES, D. D. 1854 1840 Hon. DAVID MACK, 1854 Sew Hampshire. 1851 Hon. DANIEL SAFFORD, 1856 1812 JOHN LANGDON, LL. D. 1820 1840 DANIEL DANA, D. D. 1859 1812 SETH PAYSON, D. D. 1820 1823 HEMAN HUMPHREY, D. D. 1861 18-20 Hon. THOMAS W. THOMPSON, 1822 1838 THOMAS SNELL, D. D. 1862 1830 Hon. GEORGE SULLIVAN, 1838 1820 JOHN HUBBARD CHURCH, D.D. 1840 Rhode Island. 1842 Hon. MILLS OLCOTT, 1845 1812 WILLIAM JONES. 1842 Rev. ARCHIBALD BURGESS, 1850 1840 Hon. EDMUND PARKER, 1856 Connecticut. 1838 SAMUEL FLETCHER, 1859 1810 TTMOTHY DWIGHT, D. D., LL. D. 1817 1842 Rev. JOHN WOODS, 1861 1810 Gen. JEDIDIAH HUNTINGTON, 1819 1810 JOHN TREADWELL, LL. D. 1823 Vermont. 1836 HENRY HUDSON, 1843 1818 Hon. CHARLES MARSH, 1849 1819 JOHN COTTON SMITH, LL. D. 1846 1840 WILLIAM PAGE, 1850 1842 Rev. THOMAS PUNDERSON, 1848 1838 JOHN WHEELER, D. D. 1862 1840 DANIEL DOW, D. D. 1849 1810 CALVIN CHAPIN, D. D. 1851 M assachusetts. 1848 NATHANIEL O. KELLOGG, 1854 1810 SAMUEL H. WALLEY, r. 1811 1823 BENNET TYLER, D. D. 1858 1810 SAMUEL SPRING, D. D. 1819 1851 CHARLES J. STEDMAN, 1859 1810 SAMUEL WORCESTER, D. D. 1821 1830 Hon. ROGER MINOT SHERMAN, r. 1830 1S18 ZEPHANIAH SWIFT MOORE, D D . 1823 1842 CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, D. D. 1860 1811 JEDIDIAH MORSE, D. D. 1826 1852 ABEL McEWEN, D. D. 1860 1812 Hon. WILLIAM PHILLIPS, 1827 1838 Hon. JOSEPH RUSSELL, 18C1 1810 JOSEPH LYMAN, D. D. 1828 1836 THOMAS S. WILLIAMS, LL. D. 1862 1823 EDWARD A. NEWTON, r. 1628 1812 Hon. JOHN HOOKER. 1829 N ew Y o r k . 1812 JEREMIAH EVARTS, 1831 1818 Col. HENRY LINCLEAN, 1822 1822 SAMUEL AUSTIN, D. D. 1831 1819 DIVIE BETHUNE, 1825 1831 ELIAS CORNELIUS, D.D. 1832 1612 JOHN JAY, LL. D. 1829 1828 BENJAMIN B. WISNER, D.D. 1835 1824 Col. HENRY RUTGERS, 1830 1818 Hon. WILLIAM REED, 1837 i 18-26 Col. RICHARD VARICK, 1831 1831 WARREN FAY, D. D. r. 1839 1812 EGBERT BENSON, LL. D. 1833 1810 WILLIAM BARTLET, 1841 1822 JONAS PLATT, LL. D. 1834 1842 Rev. DANIEL CROSBY, 1843 1826 WILLIAM Me MURRAY, D. D. 183G 1821 SAMUEL HUBBARD, LL. D. 1Ô48 1826 JOHN NITCHIE, 1838 190 MEMBERS DECEASED OR RESIGNED. [Report,

Death or Death or Election. Resignation. Election. Resignation. 1816 STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER, 1848 CHARLES S.’ WURTS, r. 1858 LL. D. 1839 1835 WILLIAM S. PLUMER, D. D. r. 1859 1824 ELEAZAR LORD, r. 1841 1826 WILLIAM NEILL, D. D. 1860 1832 ZECHARIAH LEWIS, 1841 M aryland« 1840 GEERIT WENDELL, 1841 1834 WILLIAM NEVINS, D. D. 1836 1812 JAMES RICHARDS, D. D. 1843 1813 ALEXANDER M.PEOUDFIT, D.D. 1843 District of Columbia. 1832 OEEIN DAY, 1847 1819 ELIAS BOUDINOT CALDWELL, 1825 1835 WILLIAM J. ARMSTRONG, D. D. 1847 1826 JOSEPH NOUR3E, 1841 1843 WALTEE HUBBELL, 1848 1843 ASA T. HOPKINS, D. D. 1848 V ir g in ia . 1838 HENRY WHITE, D. D. 1850 1823 JOHN H. RICE, D. D. 1831 1842 JOHN W. ADAMS, D. D. 1850 1832 GEORGE A. BAXTER, D. D. 1841 1824 DAVID PORTER, D. D. 1851 1826 WILLIAM MAXWELL, 1857 1838 D. W. C. OLYPHANT, r. 1851 1834 THOMAS P. ATKINSON, M. D. r. 1859 1839 ELIPHALET WICKES, 1851 North Carolina. 1848 ERSKINE MASON, D. D. 1851 1812 HENRY DAVIS, D. D. 1852 1834 JOSEPH CALDWELL, D. D. 1835 1826 NATHANIEL W. HOWELL, LL.D. 1852 1834 W. McPHETERS, D. D. 1843 1824 PHILIP MILLEDOLEE, D. D. 1853 South. Carolina. 1838 ELISHA YALE, D. D. 1853 1826 MOSES WADDELL, D.D. 1840 1840 ANSON G. PHELPS, 1854 1826 BENJAMIN M. PALMEE, D. D. 1848 1840 HIRAM H. SEELYE, 1855 1839 REUBEN POST, D. D. r. 1855 1836 Rev. HENRY DWIGHT. 1857 1842 CHARLES M. LEE, LL. D. 1857 G eorgia. 1854 ANSON G. PHELPS, 1858 1826 JOHN CUMMINGS, M. D. 1838 1846 JAMES CROCKER, 1861 1834 THOMAS GOLDING, D. D. 1848 1826 THOMAS McAULEY,D. D., LL. D. 1862 1834 Hon. JOSEPH H. LUMPKIN. 1842 HORACE HOLDEN. 1862 T en n essee. New Jersey. 1826 CHARLES COFFIN, D. D. 1812 ELIAS BOUDINOT, LL. D. 1822 1834 ISAAC ANDEBSON, D. D. 1823 EDWARD DORR GRIFFIN, D. D. 1838 1812 SAMUEL MILLER, D. D. r. 1839 I llin o is . 1826 JAMES CARNAHAN, D. D. r. 1É49 1821 GIDEON BLACKBURN, D. D. 1839 1826 ARCHIBALD ALEXANDER, D.D. r. 1850 1855 F. T. FRELINGHUYSEN, r. 1859 In d ia n a . 1826 THEODORE FRELINGHUYSEN, 1838 ELIHU W. BALDWIN, D. D. 1841 LL. D. 1862 1853 SAMUEL MERRILL, 1855 1860 Hon. WILLIAM PENNINGTON, 1862 1842 CHARLES WHITE, D. D. 1862 O h io. Pennsylvania. 1832 JAMES HOGE, D. D. r. 1847 1812 ROBERT RALSTON, 1836 1826 ROBERT G. WILSON, D. D. 1856 1812 ASH BEL GREEN, D. D. r. 1840 1834 ROBERT H. BISHOP, D. D. 1855 1834 ALEXANDER HENRY, 1847 1851 GABRIEL TICHENOR, 1855 1826 SAMUEL AGNEW, M. D. 1850 1845 Rev. HARVEY COE, 1860 1832 CORNELIUS C. CUYLER, D. D. 1850 1836 THOMAS BRADFORD, 1852 M issou ri. 1838 MATTHEW BROWN, D. D. 1853 1840 ARTEMAS BULLARD, D. D. 1856 1812 ELIPHALET W . GILBERT, D. D. 1853 1838 THOMAS FLEMING, 1855 W is c o n s in . 1825 JOHN LUDLOW, D. D. 1857 1840 Rev. CHAUNCEY EDDY, 1861 1 8 6 2 .] MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. 1 9 1

HONORARY MEMBERS.

The payment of $50 at one time constitutes a minister, and the payment of $'100 at one time constitutes any other person, an Honorary Member of the Board.

MEMBERS CONSTITUTED SINCE AUGUST 1, 1860. The names of Honorary Members, made such previous to August 1, I860, were printed in the Report of last year. As members are supposed to preserve the Reports for reference, it will suffice to reprint this list once in five years, thus making a considerable saving in printing and postage. The reprints will be in the years 1865, 1870, etc. MAINE. Kingsbury, George, Keene Anthoine, John N., Biddeford Lawrence, Mrs S. A. S., Amherst Ayer, Wells W., Lewiston Leeds, Rov S. P., Hanover Beard, Rev Augustus F., Bath Little, Enoch, Webster Budlong, R. A , Lewiston Mellish, Rev John H., Kingston Burbank, A. H., Yarmouth Merriam, Ephiaim, Merrimack Burbank, E. do Morrill, Calvin, Webster Burgess, Henry Herbert, Portland Morse, Parker, Chester Clapp, Charles, Jr., Bath Newhall, Cyrus, Hinsdale Cressey, Mary Croswell, Buxton Packard, Rev William A., Hanover Cummings, Henry T., Portland Payson, Aurin M., Portsmouth Dorrance, Lucretia W ., Kennebunk Pickering, Huzen, Concord Eastman, Philip, Saco Prince, John, Manchester Eastman, Mrs Mary A. do Richards, Mrs Martha B., Nowport Fellows, Mrs F. E., Kennebunk Robinson, Mrs Flavilla S., Portsmouth Fernald, Eli, Lewiston Sanders, Clarendon M., Concord Fessenden, William Pitt, Portland Sargent, Jacob, Amherst Fiske, Rev Perrin B., Bangor Shedd, John, Hollis Higgins, Rev S. C., Turner Sleeper, Joseph G., Concord Houston, Rev Hiram, Stockton Spaulding, Justin White, Atkinson Hyde, Ger9hom, Bath Smith, Mary Elizabeth, Durham Jones, Rev Elijah, Minot Stevens, Ezra A., Portsmouth Jordan, Rev Eben S., Cumberland Stockbridge, Theodosia, Hanover Libby, John, 3d, Scarborough Tenney, William, Chester Means, John, Augusta Thompson, Jossph H., Great Falls Newell, Rev Wellington, Brewer Tobey, Mrs Elizaboth A., Durham Palmer, Rev Edward S., Freeport Turner, George, Lyme Plumor, John Henry, South Berwick Tuttle, Mrs Charlotte, Hancock Putnam, Rev George A., Yarmouth Utley, Rev Samuel, Concord Robie, Rev Thomas S., Waldoboro’ Wakefield, Albert, Great Falls Ross, Rev John A., New Gloucester Webster, Mrs Achsah P., Hanover Shepley, Mrs Myra N., Winslow Webster, Horace, Portsmouth Smith, Rev William A., Rockland Weeks, Jonathan, Concord Stevens, Joseph L., Castine Wheeler, Mrs Josiah, Lyndeboro’ Tewksbury, Mrs Sarah A., Oxford Wheeler, Mrs Marietta R., Merrimae Woodbury, William W., Portland Whittemore, Martha S., Fitzwilliam Wilkins, James, Henniker NEW HAMPSHIRE. Worcester, Mary J., Hollis Ballard, John, Concord Barnes, Harr,y, Henniker VERMONT. Bixby, William, Francestown Adams, Martha, Enosburgh Blunt, John G., Nashua Allen, Mrs Sarah B. do Brooks, Mrs Eliza A., Portsmouth Baker, B. N. do Burbank, D. E., West Boscawen Bartholomew, Mrs Abigail, Thetford Conant, Rev. J. H., Nashua Boardman, Horace E., West Rutlaod Connor, Lucy S., Henniker Brock, Horatio, Newbury Coolidge, Horace, Fitzwilliam Brown, Mrs Alary Fleming, Burlington Day, Ellen H., Hollis Chamberlin, Abbie, Peaclmm Dodge, Emma, Webster Chamberlin, £arah E. do Dodge, Susan L., Francestown Chandler, Mrs Lucy F., South Hardwick Dole, Mary H., Concord Chickering, Mrs Lucianna, Springfield Estabrook, Mrs Mary Ann, Concord Clark, Lafayette, West Brattleboro’ Ellis, Atwell C., Sullivan Danforth, Louisa C., Weathers field Fay, Rev Henry C., Northwood Delano, Alice Lyman, Hardwick Fenn, Rev William H., Manchester Deming, Rev Alonzo Taylor, Bridgewater Folsom, Mrs Judith, Exeter Downing, Lucien B., Hartford Gaylord, Mrs Juliette F., Fitzwi'liam Dunklee, Edward, West Brattleboro’ Hart, Mrs Mary E. F., Merrimac Fay, Mary C., Hardwick Hubbard, Mrs Faith Wadsworth, Hanover Fitch, Parma, Middlebury Jenkins, William Lord, Fitzwilliam Fraser, Rev John, Derby Centre Jewett, Mrs Sarah R.. Hollis Graham, Mrs Charlotte A., St. Albans Kimball, Rev David, Hanover Hammond, Mrs John, Middlebury Kingsbury, Albert, Keene Hazen, L. Downer, Newbury Kingsbury, Charles, do Herrick, Mrs Laura C., Claiendon 1 9 2 MEMBERS OF t h e b o a r d . [Report

Howe, Mrs Emma D., Brandon Borden, W .H .H ., Fall Eiver Hutchinson, A. D., St. Johnabury Boyd, Samuel, Matlboiough Ives, Lydia, Middlebury Boynton, Eleazar, Jr., Medford Johnson, Rev T. Henry, Bethel Brackett, Mrs June E., Fall River Keves, Edward P., Newbury Bradley, Benjamin, Boston Leonard, H. E , Brandon Bradley, Mrs Jane N. do Lyinun, Job, Burlington Brewer, Mary Adams, Springfield Morrill, Moses Putnam, St. Albans Brewer, Mrs Sullv, Framingham Miller, Rev R. D., Peru Briant, Mrs Benjamin, Beverly Murdock, John C., St. Johnsbury Brierly, Benjamin, Millbury Murray, Mrs Elvira P., Ascutneyvill<; Briggs, Clarissa, Cummington Newton, Norman, Hartford Briggs, Edwin, Boston Page, John B., Rutland Brooks, Eev Charles, Byfield Page, Mrs Mary E. do Broughton, John G.. Boston Parmelee, Eev M. Payson, Underhill Brown, Dauphin, Briirifield Perry, Rev John B., Swanton Buck, Benjamin, Wilmington Piper, Rev C. W., Bakersfield Buckingham, Joseph P., Chicopee Pond, Rev Benjamin W ., Barton Burnap, Samuel, Fitchburg Pond, Mrs Mary AuBtin, do Burnham, Choate, Boston Richards, l)e Forest, Weathersfield Burnham, Mrs Adeline A., Boston Richards, Jarvis, do Burnham, John S., Essex Samson, Rev Amos J., St. Albans Bush, John L., Spencer Seaver, Rev Norman, Rutland Butler, Joseph, Holyoke Skinner, Darius, Eoyalton Butman, Charles H., Beverly Smith, Mrs Mary G., Montpelier Byington, Spencer, Stockbridge Smith, Mrs Mary A., St. Albans Carpenter. Edson, Foxboro' Smith, Mrs John, do Carruth, Russell. Fhillipston Southwoith, Benjamin F., Benson Carter, T. W., Chicopee Spencer, Aurilla, Hurd wick Chapin, Horace J., Springfield Spencer, Luke, St. Johnsbury Chapin, John H. P., South Hadley Stone, Harriet L., Enosburgh Chapman, Mrs Roxanna M., Winchester Storrs, John S., Burlington Chase, Charles C., Lowell Swift, Mrs A. B., Enosburgh Child, Myra B. do Turner, Joseph W ., Cambridge Choate, Mrs. F. W., Beverly Van Ness, Ira 11., Brattleboro’ Church, Sumner U., Middle field Van Ness, Martha D. do Clapp, Eichard, Montague Clark, Rev Edson L , Dalton MASSACHUSETTS. Clark, Henry Hooker, Westhampton Abbe, A. J., Abington Clark, Joshua, Lowell Abbott, Eev Charles F., Andover Clark, Mrs Mary L., Rock port Adams, Mrs Harriet B., Franklin Clark, Stephen, Sunderland Aiken, William A., Andover Cobb, John S., South Weymouth Alden, Mrs Abby C., South Abington Coffin, Mrs Elizabeth A., Newburypurt Alden, Edmund K., Marshfield Coggsliall, Henry F , Fitchburg Alden, Maria H., Boston Colby, Charles A., Lawrence Alden, Sarah B., Eandolph Colman, Jeremiah, Newbury Ames, B. F., Kingston Conant, Celeste Josephine, Westford Ames, James S., Haverhill Conant, Ezra D., Somerville Ames, Joseph T ., Chicopee Conley, Mrs Lucy A., Boston Appleton, Isaac, Beverly Coolidge, Andrew, Framingham Arms, George, Chicopee Coolidge, Mrs Malinda M. H. do Avery, Rev William F., Norwich Cooley, Eev Henry E , Newton Babson, Emma E., Gloucester Cook, Maritta B., Fall River Bacon, Mrs Maria W., Essex Cook, Mary, do Banister, Frances B., Newburyport Cook, Mrs Mary A., Dorchester Barber, Eev William M., South Danvers Cornwall, Mrs Royal, Springfield Barber, Mrs Eliza A. do Cortliell, William P., South Abington Barnard, Mrs George, Framingham Cowdin, Mrs Deborah, Fitchburg Barnes, Henry L., Medford Crosby, Judah, Lowell Bartlett, Anna D. W ., Winthrop Cross, Anna Goodale, Roxbury Bartlett, Harriot L. do Crowell, Rev Edward P., Amherst Bartlett, I. H , Jr., New Bedford Curtis, Mrs Almira J., Boston Barnard, Osgood, Andover Cutter, Rev Calvin, Dorchester Bayley, Robert, Newburyport Cutter, Stephen H.. Winchester Beals, Eev David, Jr., Charlemont Davis, Benjamin Parker, Newburyport Bean, Rev David H., Dracut Davis, George L., North Andover Bean, Rev David M., Andover Davis, Joshua. Newton Beckwith, Eev E. G. do Davia, Rev Perley B , Shnron Belden, Elihu, Whately Dean, Lucretia D., Fall Eiver Bertram, Mrs Mary A., Townsend Delano, Walter Lewis, Charlestown Bigelow, Abram M., Grafton Dickinson, Eev Henry A., West Needham Bird, Eebecca H., Boston Dickinson, Mrs H. B., Granby Bissell, Eev E. C., Westhampton Dickson, Oliver, Somerville Black, Mrs Emeline P., Danvers Dike, Samuel, Beverly Blake, Samuel, Jr., South Abington Doggett, Eev Thomas, Groveland Bliss, Eev Charles E., South Beading Dunham. Eev I., Westport Bliss, Luke, Mittineagne Eames, Eebecca, Wilmington Bodwell, Charlotte E., Framingham Eaton, Aaron, Jr., Fitchburg Boise, William E., Longmeadow Eaton, James H., Lawrence Boltwood, Henry L., Lawrence Eaton, Sarah, Spencer Borden, Mrs Mary Elizabeth, Fall River Eaton, S. Rebecca, Framingham Borden, M. C. D. do Eaton, William, Phillipston Borden, S. W. do Edwards, Eev J. Erskine, Lancaster 1 8 6 2 .] MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. 1 9 8

Ellis, Mary, South Hadley King, John A., Abington Emerson, Mrs Josephine D., Methueu Kingman, Eliza, Boston Farnsworth, Ezra, Boston Knapp, George, Westfield Farnsworth, Ezra, Jr. do Lamson, Edwin, Lowell Farnsworth, Mary R. do Lane, Rev James P., East Weymouth Farnsworth, George, Groton Laurie, James A., Andover Fish, Caroline F., Fall River Lawrence, Mrs Curtis, Groton Fish, Mrs Eliza A . do Lawton, Rev Sanford, Longmeadow Fish, Frank L. do Leonard, Rev Edwin, Rochester Fish, Julia M. do Leonard, Bernard A., Southbridge Fish, Rev J. L. A., Webster Lincoln, Albert W., Oakham Fisher, Mary, Boston Lincoln, Rev Isaac Newton, Williamstown Flagg, J. Nelson, Boylston Lincoln, Mary, Boston Flanders, Mrs Emilie Brown, Boston Lingham, Mary Ann D., Roxbury Flint, Francis, do Livermore, Albert, Spencor Foster, Eben E., Lawrence Longley, Nymphus, Millbury Foster, Rebecca H., Boston Loud, John W ., Weymouth Frothingham, A. T., Cambridgeport Marsh, Mrs Abbie S., Spencer Fuller, George A., Lawrence Marsh, John P., Ware Galloope, Augustus, Beverly Mather, Frank, Greenfield Gardner, Maria E., Fall River Mayo, Henry, Boston Gaylord, Emerson, Chicopee Merriam, Jacob H., Fitchburg Gaylord, JameB B. do Merriam, Matthew, Newburyport Gilbert, Mrs George H., Ware Merrill, Gyles, Jr., Huverhill Giles, Mary Olive, Gloucester Miles, Rev James B., Charlestown Goodrich, James H., Charlestown Mills, Frederick, East Longmeadow Grassie, Rev Thomas G., Andover Miner, David W ., Ware Gray, James H., Boston Montague, Mrs Sovier P., Granby Greeley, Mrs E. H., Methuen Moody, Samuel D., Boston Green, Samuel A., Boston Morgan, Mrs Thomas A., Beverly Greene, Rev Richard G., Brighton Morrison, George R., South Reading Greenwood, Mrs Hannah, Boston Morse, Mrs Sophia P., Brimfield Griswold, Whiting, Greenfield Morton, Nathaniel, Stoughton Gulliver, Lemuel, Dorchester Mosraan, Nathan, Chicopee Hadley, Mrs Melissa R., Boston Nash, John P., Weymouth Hale, Samuel, Fitchburg Nelson, Mary Ann, Worcoster Harris, Mrs John M. do Nettle ton, Alpheus, Chicopee Haskell, Rev Henry C., Andover Newhall, Honry A., Fall River Hastings, Jane E., Framingham Newhall, Sarah B. do Hatch, J. A., Boston Norcutt, Jarvis, North Becket Hayden, Joel, Haydenville Norton, Mrs Ann Maria, Athol Haynes, Martha E., Townsend Nourse, B. Alden, Westboro’ Hibbard, Mrs Janette T., Boston Odell, Samuel, Beverly Hill. Charles W ., Marlboro’ Ordway, George Warren, Bradford Hill, Mrs Ruth, Fall River Ordway, Mary Emery, do Hobart, Mary E., Boston Osborn, Abram, 2d, Fitchburg Hobart, S. Ellen, do Osborne, George F., South Danren Holland, Edward H., Newburyport Paine, Arthur R., Holden Homer, Mrs R. B., Brimfield Palmer, Rev CharleB Ray, Salem Hooker, Rev Edward P., Medford Palmer, Elijah F., Boston Houghton, Mrs Sarah J., Boston Parish, Charlotte E., Springfield Houghton, William S. do Patton, Rev Moses, Townsend Howard, Ada L., South Hadley Paul, Henry, Newton Howard, Henry, Somerville Pease, O. E., Granby Howland, Elisha D., Ware Peckham, Ruth, Worcester Howland, Maria, Boston Phelps, Benjamin, North Becket Howes, Osborn, do Pierce, Mrs Harriet A., Fall River Hubbard, A., Chicopee Pitkin, Charles Lewis, Boston Hubbard, Abbie F., Concord Pomeroy, Rev Jeremiah, Charlemont Hubbard, Harriet J. do Potter, Mrs Edward, Braintree Hubbard, Charles Eustis, Boston Pratt, Daniel, Abington Hubbell, Rev Henry L., Amherst Pratt, Sally, Fitchburg Hull, Isaac D., New Bedford Proctor, John, Townsend Hunting, Asa, Brighton Putnam, James P., Fitchburg Hyde, Mrs Elizabeth S., Ware Putnam, Mrs Susan H., Danvers Hyde, Henry H. Boston Reed, Josiah, South Weymouth Hyde, Lucy B. B. do Reed, Mrs Sarah W ., Whately Hyde, Mrs Sarah B. do Richardson, Ebenezer C., Ware Ives, Thomas H., Haydenville Richardson, Rev Henry J., Lincoln Ives, Mrs Relief S. do Richardson, Mrs Mary B., East Cummingtou Jenkins, Augustus T., Williamstown Robinson, Elizabeth D., Falmouth Jewett, David B., Newton Root, Thomas P., Barre Johnson, Luther, Haverhill Rugg, George H., Cambridgeport Johnson, Mary M., North Andover Russell, Mrs Melinda, South Brookfield Johnson, Theron, do Sage, Mrs Cynthia, Ware Jones, Mrs Elizabeth A., Newburyport Salisbury, Mrs Mary E., Uxbridge Jones, Mary S., Fall River Sanderson, Mrs Lucy S., Whately Jones, Sarah K. do Sanford, Mrs A. D., Medway Jones, Robert, Millbury Sawyer, Asa, Fitchburg Keep, S. Hamilton, Boston Scott, Maria, Uxbridge Kendall, Mrs Sarah E., Auburn Seeley, Rev Raymond H., Haverhill Kent, Barker B., Boston Seeley, Mrs Fanny B. do Kilbon, Samuel, Longmeadow Seeley, Jennie D. do Kimball, Franses T., Boston Seelye, Rev Julius H., Amherst 17 1 9 4 MEMBERS OF t h e b o a r d . [Report,

Sewall, Benjamin, Newton Whiting, Henry L., West Newton Shapleigh, S. C., Boston Whitney, Samuel, Fitchburg Shapleigh, John H. do Willcox, Rev William H., Reading Shattuck, Lucy B., Andover Wilkins, Stephen, Danvers Shattuck, Mrs Mary France«, Lowell Winslow, Joseph W ., Easthampton Shearer, Leonard B., Cambridgeport Wood, Artemas, Groton Shedd, Sirs Mary H., Abington Wood, Mrs Mary C., Fitchburg Sheldon, Mrs Susan C., Wilmington Wood, Newell, Millbury Shumway, Mrs Patience, West Medway Wood, Rev Pliny, Webster Skilton, Mrs Emily M., Wilmington Woodbury, Luther, Beverly Smith, Mrs Abby B., Templeton Woodbury, William G. do 8mith, Rev Charles B., Concord Woodcock, Mrs Lucius, Leicester Smith, Mrs Cynthia M., Boston Woods, John F., Barre Smith, Edward, Fitchburg Woodward, Samuel N., Newton Smith, Elihu, Sunderland Wright, Luther A., Boston Smith, Mrs Eunice Brewer, Springfield Smith, Francis Lyman, West Roxbury RHODE ISLAND. Smith, Lucinda, Boston Beach, Isaac N., Providence Smith, Mrs Lucy, do Bradford, William H. do Smith, Mary F., North Andover Burdick, Dexter R., Slatersville Smith, Richard Baxter, West Roxbury Corliss, George F., Providence Smith, Susan W ., Boston Corliss, Maria L. do Snow, Barna Smith, do Drake, John B., Slatersville Snow, Carrie M. do Drake, Mrs Martha, do Snow, Franklin, Jr. do Goff, Lyman B., Pawtucket Southworth, Mrs William S., Lowell Mansfield, Mary, Slatersville Spaulding, Ephraim, Townsend 'Sayles, Mrs Mary A., Pawtucket Spaulding, John, do Sherman, Frederick, do Stearns, Richard H., Boston Slater, Elizabeth Ives, Slatersville Stearns, Mrs Louisa M. do Slater, Helen M. do Stedman, Phineas, Chicopee Taboi, Samuel O. do Stetson, Mrs Eliza Ann, South Abington Tabor, Stephen H., Providence Stevens, Ellen Frances, Boston Thomas, Charles L. do Stockwell, Leander, Grafton Tifft, Rufus W ., Slatersville Strickland, William P., Ware Sumner, Mrs Elizabeth A., Newburyport CONNECTICUT. Sumner, John, do Alexander, Rev Walter S., Pomfret Sweetsor, Mrs Elizabeth C. do Atwater, Mrs Jason, New Haven Swift, Elijah, Falmouth Atwood, Julia Tyler, Mansfield Centre Tatlnck, Kev John, South Adams Baird, Rev John G., Centre Brook Taylor, George S., Chicopee Baldwin, Rev E. C., Bethel Taylor, Henry, Buckland Barnes, Rev. Henry E., Plantsville Tenney, Mrs Joanna S., Manchester Barrows, Pliares, Mansfield Centre Tbacher, Mrs Mary C., Gloucester Bevin, Abner G., East Hampton Thompson, Edmund N., Wareham Bishop, Mrs Eber J., Madison Thompson, Mrs Elizabeth, Roxbury Blakeman, Phebe, Stratford Thurston, Mrs Abel, Fitchburg Bond, Henry R., Norwich Todd, William O., Newburyport Bond, Mrs S. A. W. do Tolman, Jane C., South Hadley Booth, William S., New Britain Tolman, Stephen, Jr., Dorchester Boss, Rev Thomas M., New London Townsend, Elizabeth A., Newburyport Bourn, Allon, Hartford TraBk, Joshua P., Gloucester Boyd, Mrs Jerualia, West Winsted Trask, Oliver, Beverly Brannard, Mrs Anna Maria, Lyme Treat, Charles Russell, Boston Brewer, Rev Fisk P., New Haven Trow, C. Gilman, Sunderland Brooks, Rev Edward F., Mansfield Trow, Mrs W. M., Haydenville Brown, Roswell W ., Hartford Trowbridge, Otis, Newton Buckland, Henry B., New Britain Tucker, Stillman L., Milton Bunce, Lewis E., Manchester Tuttle, Rev William G., Ware Burrows, Silas E., Mystic Vaughan, Charles, Cambridge Bushnell, Rev George, Waterbury Vining, William O., East Longmeadow Calkins, Rev Wolcott, Hartford VinBon, S. Willard, Dorchester Capron, Mrs Eunice M. do Vinton, Eliza A., Boston Carpenter, Rev Charles S., Birmingham Wales, Elizabeth A., Dorchester Carter, Calvin H., Waterbury Ward, Daniel, Worcester Case, Ellen M., Hartford Ward, Edwin, Enfield Chandler, James, Stafford Springs Ward, John, Newton Centre Chapin, William W ., Somers Ward, Mrs Mary F., Lowell Churchill, Sarah C., New Haven Ward, William H., Boston Clapp, Edward T., Norwich Warner, William, South Deerfield Clark, Maria, Farmington Warren, Rufus E., Grafton Clark, Thomas G., Canterbury Washburn, Miles, Lenox Furnace Coit, George M., Hartford Waters, Eliza, Millbury Cook, John W. do Webster, Andrew S., Boston Cowles, Ruel P., New Haven Webster, Mrs Helen R. do Crane, Eliza A., Hartford Wheeler, Rev W . F., Westford Curtis, Mrs Harriet, Norwich Whipple, William, Bockport Curtis, Peter P., Stratford Whitcomb, G. Henry, Worcester Cutler, W. W., New London Whitcomb, Ellen M. do Deming, Levi, Newington White, Aaron L., Medway Dickerman, J. Porter, New Haven Whitin, Mrs Catharine H., Whitinsvill« Dorman, Rev. Lester M., Manchester Whitin, Paul, do Dorman, Mrs Susan A. do Whitin, Mr* Sarah J. do Dutton, Rev Thomas, Ashford Whitin, Mrs Sarah R .' d* Edgar, Mrs Susan, East Hartford - - 1 8 6 2 .] MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. 1 9 5

Emmons, Aaron E., Westchester Spencer, Sarah C., Naugatuck Fabrique, Mrs Hannah J., New Haven Spring, Lucia, East Hartford Farnum, William II., Morris Stanley, Mrs Cordelia H , New Britain - Fitch, John L., Hartford Steen, William J., Hartford Fitch, Mrs Maria, Montville Sticknev. Frank Hale, Rockville Fitch, Mrs S. A., Salem Strong, Erastus, Portland Foote, Andrew H., New Haven Swift, George, Maosfield Centre Fowler, Wallace G., Stafford Springs Swift, Persia, Derby Fox, Mrs Eliza F., Jewett City Talcott, Alfied K., Vernon Frost, Daniel, Canterbury Talcott, Mrs Electa, Glastenbury Gilbert, Horace, Pomfrot Talcott, Mary R., Hartford Gill, Frederick W., Hartford Tnylor, John Alden, Middletown Goodrich, Cyprian, Kensington Thompson, Sarah Elizabeth, East Windsor Hill. Grant, Bev S. B., New London Thomson, Harriet, Farmington Graves, Hannah C., Thompson Tiffany, Rev C. C., Derby Haile, Ashbel B., Norwich Tumor, John Manly, Rockville Haile, Mrs Mary H. do Tuttle, Mrs Lucy E., Guilford Hall, Alfred R., Hartford Walker, Rev Avery S., Rockville Hallock, Rev William A., Gilead Warner, Mrs Fanny, Plymouth Hollow Haskell, Thomas It., Windsor Locks Webster, Claudius B.. Norwich Hawley, Ebeoezer, Ridgefield Wells, Joseph, Southport Holmes, Mrs Ellen L., East Hartford Wheeler, Rev John C., Portland Holmes, Rev Theodore J. do Whiton, Mrs Mary E. B., New Haven Hubbard, Ebenezer G., Middletown Whittlesey, George W., Norwich Huntington, Henry S., Norwich Wickes, Henry, Deep River Huntington, Nancv L. do Wickes, Mrs Elizaboth F. do. Hyde, Joel W., North Greenwich Willard, Daniel H., Newington Johnson, Charles C., Norwich Willard, Mrs Maria D. do Jones, Ebenezer, Ridgefield Williams, Mrs Charles P., Stonington Keeler, John, do Keep, Robert Porter, Hartford NEW YORK. Kellogg, Mrs Julia S., Vernon Acker, Rev Henry J., Amity Knapp, Charles W ., Stamford Aiken, Charles, Brooklyn Knight, Clarinda E., Thompson Aikman, Charles, do Lane, Mrs Abner, Killingworth Allen, Marsena, Mt. Morris Learned, Mrs Nancy, New London Andrews, Horace, Jr., New York city Learned, Francis C. do Andrus, Lucius C., Brooklyn Learned, Walter, do Annin, J. V. W., Buffalo Livermore, Mrs Mary G., Lebanon Avery, Mrs Maria, Waterville Long, Mrs Elizabeth H., Mystic Bridge Ball, William, Lansingburg Mallory, Mrs Ann K. do Barnard, Maria L., Malone Mallory, Franklin O. do Barnes, Alfred S., Brooklyn McLaughlin, Rev D. T. T., Sharon Barstow, Rev CharloB, Smyrna McLellan, John G. D., Southport Barrett, James M., Cornwall Mead, Aaron B., Hartford Barrows, Mrs C. F., Cooperstown Mowry, Mis E. L., Norwich Bassett, Benjamin F., Brooklyn Murfey, Rev E. D., East Avon Beals, H. S., Angelica Jones,’ Rev Henry W ., Hadlyme Beecher, Mrs Lydia, Brooklyn Jones, Rev Franklin C., Franklin Beiden, Rev William, New York city Narramore, Robert C., Birmingham Benedict, Charles, Sherburne Nichols, Samuel A., Fairfield Berger, Rev Martin L., Mellenville North, Hubert F., New Britain Betts, Samuel R., Jr., New York city Northend, Charles, do Betts, Mrs Caroline A. do Paine, Rev Levi L., Farmington Blakesleo, Mrs Emetine C., Coventry Peck, Benjamin M., Watertown Blakeslee, John Calvin, do Peck, Elizabeth G., Bristol Blinn, Rev H. G., Cohoes Peckham, J. M., Lebanon Boardman, Mary Alida, Rome Perry, Henry Hoyt, Southport Booth, William T., New York city Perry, Winthrop Hoyt, do Rowers, Catharine R., Brooklyn Pitkin, Maria G., Hartford Bowers, Mrs Elizabeth H. do Plant, John, Branford Bowers, Emma E. do Porter, Isaac G., New London Bowers, Josephine O. do Porter, Lucy A., Willimantic Bowers, Margaret P. do Rice, Mrs Parnella S., Stamford Bowers, William C. do Richardson, Leander, Columbia Brainard, Mrs O. V., Watertown Ripley, Mary D., Norwich Brayton, John McK., Westernville Risley, Stephen G,, Rockville Bridgman, Erastus C., New York city Robinson, Arthur, New Haven Bronson, Arthur, do Rogers, Fiances, Mystic Bridge Bronson, Theodore Bailey, do Root, Judson H., Hartford Brown, Horace I., Auburn Root, Nathaniel, Jr., North Coventry Buell, Rev A. J., Jefferson Sage, Bathsheba, Guilford Bull, Hetty, New York city Sage, Clarissa I. do Burnside, Ambrose Everett, do Sanger, George, Canterbury Butler, Benjamin F. do Seelye, Mrs Abigail, Bethel Calkins, D. O., Brooklyn Sherwood, Abel, Southport Camp, George H., Jr., Sackett’s Harbor Sill, Horace L., Lyme Camp, Samuel K., Brooklyn Sill, Mrs Horace L., do Camp, Mrs Sarah W . do Slater, Marianna H., Norwich Clark, Milton, Watertown Smith, Charles H., East Windsor Hill Clark, Richard P., New York city Smith, Rev. George M., Rocky Hill Clark, Seth, Buffalo Smith, Sidney, Plainville Clarke, Samuel T. do Southwortb, Jabez, Deep River Clarke, Rev William, Cazenovia Spencer, Julia M., East Hartford Coekett, Mrs James, Cooperstown 1 9 6 MEMBERS OF t h e b o a r d . [Report,

Coe, George S., Brooklyn Monroe, Elbert Brinckerhoff, New York city Cot«», Eliza B. Springfield Myers, Catharine Wright, Whitehall Cote*, Hattie B. do Nassau, Rev Joseph E., Warsaw Cote*, Maria Bronion, do Notman, Peter, Brooklyn Craig, James, Utica Noyes, Mrs Julia F., New York city Crittenden, ßev I. N., Pittsford Oakley, Charles Magie, Brooklyn Crosby, Amos, Cambria Parmelee, D. L., Aurora Culver, Mrs Sarah H., Hopkinton Parsons, Samuel L., Brooklyn Curtis, Mrs Harriet E., Sherburne Paine, John A., Utica Curtiss, William R., Norwich Parke, J. Henry, Whitehall De Witt, Rev Abner, Hoosick Falls Pierson, Rev Arthur T., Binghamton. Dick. Eliza, New York city Post, Julia, New York city Dickinson, William G., Malone Post, Mary L. do Dike, Henry A., Brooklyn Post, Mrs Fanny S., Warrensburgh Dis, John D., Staten Island Potwin, Rev Thomas S., Franklin Dixon, Joseph R., Homer Reed, Mrs. Sarah M., Auburn Dixon, Mrs. Eliza A. do Reeve, Rev John B., New York city Dodge, Cleveland Hoadley, New York city Saxe, Rev George G. do Dodge, W. Earle, do Schiefflin, Fanny K. do Doolittle, Rev Charles, Nassau Bchieffelin, Mrs Sarah M. do Doolittle, Rev Horace D., Wappenger Falls Scovell, Oliver P., Lewiston Douglass, George, New York city Scoville, Rev Samuel, Norwich Earle, Fanny A., Springfield Scovell, Thomas, Cambria Eastman, Rev William R., New York city Skinner, Rev James A., Clinton Ely, E. Sterling, Chicktawaga Smith, H. S., Gloversville Ely, Mr* Theresa N. do Smith, Mrs Mary Ann, do Estes, Nathaniel, Utica Smith, Rev James C., Oneida Lake Everts, Rev Josiah G., Havana Smith, Rev William T., New York Farr. Mrs K. F., Greene Smithers, Alfred, Brooklyn Ferris, Mrs Elvira M. K., Brooklyn Starr, Rev Frederick, Jr., Penn Yan Fine, Rev Lambert S., Ogdensburg Stoddard, Rev Elisha W ., Angelica Fisher, Henry, Brooklyn Stokes, Elizabeth J., New York city Fitch, Abijah, Auburn Stone, Edwin. Brooklyn Fowler, Mary, New York city Sumner, Mrs Hester A., New York city Freeman, Samuel H., Albany Sweetman, Joseph, D. D., Charlton Freeman, Mrs Sarah H. do Sweetser, Howard Peck, New York city Gallup, J. C., Clinton Sweetser, Mrs J. Howard, do Gardner, James T., Troy Taylor, Rev J. C., Penn Yan Gibbs, Rev Samuel T „ Aquebogue Taylor, Rev James H., New Rochelle Gillett, Rev Ezra H., Harlem Thompson, Mrs Harriet N., Ogdensburg Goodwin, Daniel B., Wateiville Thompson, John R., Oswego Goodwin, Mrs Daniel B. do Thomson, Henry E., New York city Goss, Albert H., Auburn Thomson, William H. do Graves, Joseph, Niagara Falls Twombly, Edward Lambert, Albany Hall, W . W ., New York city Timms, Theodore, Utica Hart, Timothy E., Candor Treadwell, Ada C., Brooklyn Harns, William H., Brooklyn Treadwell, Florence P. do Hayward, Rev William H., Candor Treadwell, Walter E. do Hazeltine, Rev Henry M., Sherman Van Blarcom, A. L. do Herrick, Mary B., Malone Van Valkenburgh, Mrs Daniel, Springfield Hickok, Rev Henry, Vernon Wager, Charlotte S., Westernville Hoadley, David, New York city Waldo, Rev Daniel, Geddes Hobbie, John, Cazenovia Ward, Rev Josiah Jerome, Oneida Lake House, Horry S., Malone Watson, John, New York city Hoyle, George V., Champlain Wead, S. C., Malone Hoyt, John B., Masonville Welch, J. Edward, Brooklyn Hoyt, William D., Covontry Wells, John E., Utica Hungerford, Fannie E., Watertown Wesson, Elijah B., New York city Hura, H. H., Utica Whittemore, Frederick W . do Janes, Erastus, Meridian Whittemore, Laura, do Johnson, Jane E., Utica Wicks, Charles, Brockport Jones, Catharine, Penn Yan Wickes, Annie Lincoln, Brooklyn Kimball, Amanda, Leyden Wilder, Lyman, Hoosick Falls Kimball, Rev Joseph, Brockport Wrage, Rev H., Yonkers King, Howard E., Malone Wyckoff, Rev Samuel, New York city King, Peter Waterbury, Athen* Young, Jacob, Greenport Kirk, Abram, Albany Laming, Mrs Robert, Watertown NEW JERSEY. Lathrop, Mrs Louisa N., Sherburne Bacon, Rev George B., Orange Valley Lawson, George, Utica Baldwin, Mrs Amanda. Newark Lester, Andrew, New York city BrewBter, Rev James F., Chester Leverett, Josiah, do Byram, John, Jr., Morristown Lewis, Abram C., Malone Chapman, Mrs Sarah M., Newark Lockwood, Theodosia D., Binghamton Chet wood, Francis B., Elizabeth Lumbard, Philip, Waterville Depue, David A., Belvidere Ludlow, Henry G., 2d, Waterford Dodd, Maria C., Bloomfield Marquand, Henry G., New York city Feagles, Rev R. S., Mendham Maxwell, Mrs Caroline E., Geneva French, Rev Edward W ., Bergen Maxwell, Mrs Puella, do Gallagher, Joseph D., Bloomfield McCarthy, Rev Charles W ., East Pembroke Gallagher, Luther C. do McCurdy, Richard A., New York city Gould, Stephen G., Newark McEwen, Robert, Buffalo Harrison, Anna C. do MoKinney, Charles, Binghamton Harrison, Henry J. do MeNulty, Rev Joseph M., Montgomery Harrison, Mary T. do 1 8 6 2 .] * MEMBERS OF THE BOARD.

Johnson, Rev Alonzo P., Norwich Rossiter, Rev Francis Z., Huron Le Fevre, William B., Dover Sage, Flora, Cincinnati Linn, Henrietta L., Deckertown Saxton, John, Canton Magie, Rev David, Jr., Mendh&m Scheaermann, Rev Leonhnrdt, Cleveland Millard, Rev Nelson, Mont Clair Scott, Rev Hugh B., Paddy's Run Mills, Lyman Allen, Newton Seymour, Charles, Hudson Noble, Maria T., Plainfield Shuey, John H., Oxford Pierson, Jonathan, Newark Smith, Josiah Remick, Columbus Stiles, John, Deckertown Stevens, A. C., Euclid StileB, M. C. do Sturtevant, Bradford, Ruggles Talcott, Cornelia B., Jersey City Talbot, Rev Benjamin, Columbus Tuttle, Joseph N., Newark Thome, Rev James A., Cleveland Wickes, Eliza P., Orange Tucker, Rev E. R., Defiance Wickes, Mary H. do Upson, William H., Akron Walcott, Lemuel P., Tallmadge PENNSYLVANIA. Wales, Theron, Windham Adams, Rev Ezra E., Philadelphia Wallace, M. H., College Hill Boyd, George J. do Warner, George H., Cincinnati Hildeburn, W . h. _ do Woodbury, D. T., Columbus Hoff, Mary Ann, Reading Wright, Rev James R., Ridgeville Corners Jordan, Peter A., Philadelphia Pitkin, Horace W . do INDIANA. Rayner, Rev James W., Springfield Abbott, Rev Lyman, Terre Haute Robbins, Rev Frank L., Philadelphia Hubbard, Sarah M., Indianapolis Root, William, Carbondale Hubbard, William H. do Snyder, Rev Alfred S., Germantown Jackson, Mrs Martha, do Tredick, B. T., Philadelphia Lord, Rev Nathan L., Rochester Turner, Charles P. do Noyes, Rev George C., La Porte Ward, Rev Elias O., Bethany Peck, Edwin J., Indianapolis Warthman, Anthony M., Philadelphia 'Wilson, Thomas K. do DELAWARE. ILLINOIS. Cann, Rev Thomas, Wilmington Bergen, Rev Henry, Sandwich Johnson, Mrs Ellen B. do Button, Joseph Clark, Ridgefield Campbell, Willie, Mcndon DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA. Cruwford, Rev Levi P., Sandwich Noble, Rev Franklin, Washington Edwards, Rev John II., Rockford Goodwin, Mrs Martha F. do VIRGINIA. Hodges, Rev James, Durand Turner, Charles H., Richmond Hubbard, Mrs Alice Frances, Chicago Turner, Julia E. do Millerd, Rev Norman, do Montgomery, Ethan Taylor, do NORTH CAROLINA. Nelson, C. B. do Penland, Rev Alfred M., Ashville Plant, Henry, Rockford Robbins, Mr. , Lacon GEORGIA. Ross, Mrs Elizabeth H., Chicago Hardee, John L., Savannah Smith, Mrs Philo W., Canton Stnrges, Mrs Clara E , Woodburn TENNESSEE. Wainwright, Rev George W ., Dundee Cameron, James, Chattanooga Walton, Rev Jeremiah E., Rockford MISSOURI. MICHIGAN. Sturtevant, Rev J. M., Hannibal Bourn, John, Vassar Boyd, Irving P., Monroe OHIO. Cummings, Ralph W ., Bay City Adams, S. W ., D. D., Cleveland Cushman, Artemas S., Jackson Andrews, Lorin, Gambier Eddy, Morton, Adrian Baldwin, Joseph, Cincinnati Fay, Edward Allen, Flint Bierce, L. V., Jr., Tallmadge Fitch, Edward D., Detroit Bierce, Zenas S., Windham Hulsart, Caroline E., Romeo Breed, Mrs Bethia G., Cincinnati Ladd, Sanford B., Milford Brewster, Rev William H., Cleveland Maynard, Matthew Henry, Marquette Caine, Thomas, Newburgh McKay, Mrs Angus, Detroit Church, Mrs Caroline M., Cincinnati Moore, Edward S., Three Rivers Clark, Franklin Taylor, Brooklyn Parsons, Jonathan, Kalamazoo Clark, Rev William H., Warren Parsons, Mrs L. B., Detroit Derby, Mrs Celia M., Granville Pearson, Mrs Jane, Milford Edwards, Rev Thomas, Cincinnati Taylor, James, Kalamazoo Evans, Daniel H., Ripley Tomlinson, Wra. A. do Gibbs, Lucy, Avon Thurber, Rev Edward G., Monroe Goodwin, Rev E. P., Columbus Voorheis, William C., Ann Arbor Griswold, Hiram, Cleveland Wetmore, Frederick, Detroit Hoyt, Rev James M. do Wing, Talcott E., Monroe Jenkins, Rev Warren, Columbus Johnson, Charlotte Rose, Granville WISCONSIN Keep, Rev John, Oberlin Dewey, Anah T., Beloit Long, Rev John E., Unity Hill, George, Rosendale Mather, Samuel H., Cleveland Kimball, Alonzo, Green Bay McCutchon, Mrs Mary G., Ruggles May, Mrs Eliza S., Milwaukie Morris, Edward Parmelee, Columbus Montague, Rev Melzar, Johnstown Olds, Chauncey N. do Newcomb, William Douglass, Beloit Pyle, Mrs Mary J., College Hill Todd, Rev J. D., Buena Vista Riley, Mrs Jalia, Troy Williamson, Rev R. H., Fond du Lac 1 9 8 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD.

IOWA. Bliss, Marchai), Grinnell Hall, Bev E. E., Florence Coleman, Bev William L., Stacey ville TURKEY AND SYBIA. KANSAS. Herrick, Bev George F., Constantinople Cordley, Bev Bichard, Lawrence Nakkar, Micha El, Mosul Proctor, Myra A., Aintab OREGON. Dickinson, Bev Obed, Salem PERSIA. CALIFORNIA. Elias, Priest, Charbash Dana, Charles, San Francisco Perkins, Henry Martyn, Oroomiah Hubbard, Mrs Sophie, do Voung, Frank N. H. do Kimball, Rev Joseph,------Lacy, Rev E. S., San Francisco INDIA. Walker, Theodore S., Oakland Brnce, Rev Henry J., Ahmednuggur Warren, Bev J. H., San Francisco Capron, Annie Hooker, Madura Chandler, Rev J. E. do CANADA EAST. Taylor, Rev Horace S., Mandahasalie, Madura Lyman, Henry, Montreal Lyman, Mrs Delia A. do CHINA. Mills, Mary E. do Doolittle, Mrs Lucy E., Fuh-chau Parker, Bev A. J., Danville Peet, Mrs Harriet L. do Williams, Mrs Sarah W ., Canton CANADA WEST. Fenwick, Bev Kenneth M., Kingston Norton, Bev Bobert, St. Catharines SANDWICH ISLANDS. Smith, Rev J. W ., Koloa ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND. Pringle, Alexander, Yair, Selkirk MICRONESIA Bawlinson, William, Taunton Bingham, Bev Hir&m, Jr., Apaiang. CONTENTS.

Page. Pag*. MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL MEETING. The Missions o f the Board. Corporate Members Present, . . . 3 Gaboon M issio n ,...... 60 Honorary Members Present, . . . 4 Zulu M issio n ,...... 61 Organization,...... 9 Mission to Greece...... 66 Treasurer’s Report,...... 9 "Western Turkey Mission...... 67 Report of the Prudential Committee, 9 Central Turkey Mission, .... 84 Reports of Committees...... 10 Eastern Turkey Mission, .... 92 The Native Pastorate an Essential Syria M ission ,...... 101 Means of Procuring a Native Min­ Nestorian Mission, ...... 107 istry...... 17 Mahratta Mission,...... 116 Report on Expenditures and Fi­ Madras M is s io n ,...... 128 nances of the B o a r d ,...... 23 Madura M ission ,...... 129 Minute Concerning the Present Re­ Ceylon M is s io n ,...... 135 bellion and Civil War, as affecting Canton Mission...... 140 the Interests of Foreign Missions, 45 Fuh-chau M is s io n ,...... 143 Letters from Absent Members, . . 46 North China M is s io n ,...... 146 New Members and Officers, .... 48 The Sandwich Islan d s,...... 153 Place and Preacher for Next Meet­ Micronesia M ission,...... 160 ing, ...... 48 Dakotas,...... 166 Resolutions, * ...... 49 O jibw as,...... 170 Devotional S ervices,...... 51 Senecas,...... 171 Adjournment,...... 52

S u m m a r y ,...... 175 Preachers and Places o f Meeting, . . 54

Pecuniary Accounts,...... 176

REPORT OP THE PRUDENTIAL COMMIT­ TEE. Summary o f Donations received dur­ Home Department. ing the year...... 180 Obituary Notices...... 55 Missionaries sent fo r t h ,...... 55 A gen cies,...... 56 Receipts of the B o a rd ,...... 183 Publications, 56 Officers of the B o a r d ,...... 184 Turkish Missions Aid Society, . . . 57 Corporate M embers,...... 186 Other Co-operating Societies, . . . 58 Corporate Members deceased or re­ Receipts and Expenditures, .... 58 signed, ...... 189 The F u tu r e ,...... 59 Honorary Members, ...... 191