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(10) Patent No.: US 7871524 B2 US007871524B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,871,524 B2 Wang et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 18, 2011 (54) METHOD FOR REMOVING MERURY 6,409,924 B1 6/2002 Johnson et al. AND/OR ARSENC FROM WATER USINGA 6,749,757 B2 6/2004 Smith et al. SNING AGENT REACTED 6,787,592 B1 9/2004 Powell et al. 6,793,805 B2 9, 2004 Didillon et al. (75) Inventors: Zhen Wang, Hoffman Estates, IL (US); 7,288499 B1 10/2007 Lovellet al. Robert Abraham, Bolingbrook, IL (US) (73) Assignee: Amcol International Corporation, Hoffman Estates, IL (US) (Continued) (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 EP 810278 B1 12/1997 U.S.C. 154(b) by 722 days. (21) Appl. No.: 11/810,240 (22) Filed: Jun. 5, 2007 (Continued) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (65) Prior Publication Data McKimmy, et al., “Trapping of Arsenite by Mercaptopropyl US 2008/O3O2727 A1 Dec. 11, 2008 Functionalized Mesostructured Silica with a Wormhole Framework.” (51) Int. Cl Chem. Commun., pp. 3697-3699 (2005). CO2F I/28 (2006.01) (Continued) (52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 210/679; 210/688; 210/691; 210/912; 210/914 Primary Examiner Matthew O Savage (58) Field of Classification Search ................. 210/679, (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Marshall, Gerstein & Borun 210/688, 691, 912,914: 502/62, 69 LLP See application file for complete search history. (57) ABSTRACT (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS The use of a coupling agent containing a mercapto, disulfide, 2,531,427 A * 1 1/1950 Hauser .......................... 556/9 tretrasulfide and/or polysulfide end group provides a mercury 4,033,764 A * 7/1977 Colegate et al. ............... 423/24 removal media having increased reactivity, stability, and mer 4,094,777 A 6/1978 Sugier et al. cury removal ability. The mercury removal media described 4,911,825 A 3, 1990 Roussel et al. herein is prepared by reacting an organophilic clay containing 4,960,740 A * 10/1990 House et al. ................ 501 148 onium ions with a mercapto, disulfide, tetrasulfide, and/or 5,366,647 A 11/1994 Gutierrez et al. polysulfide end moiety. Alternatively, the clay can be made 5,512,526 A 4, 1996 Greco organophilic by onium ion reaction prior to or simultaneously 5,989,506 A 11/1999 Markovs with the coupling reaction of the mercapto- or Sulfide-end 6,232,388 B1 5, 2001 Lan et al. group-containing coupling agent. 6,376,591 B1 4/2002 Lan et al. 6,398,951 B1 6, 2002 Smith et al. 6,398,966 B1 6, 2002 Smith et al. 12 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets US 7,871,524 B2 Page 2 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS WO WO-2007 149837 12/2007 7,510,992 B2 * 3/2009 Wang et al. ................... 502/80 7,553,792 B2 * 6/2009 Wang et al. ................... 502/80 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 2001/0025076 A1* 9, 2001 Lan et al. .................... 524,445 Smedley, et al., “A Review of the Source, Behaviour and Distribution 2004.0102332 A1 5/2004 Thompson et al. of Arsenic in Natural Waters.” Applied Geochemistry, vol. 17, pp. 2005, 0103707 A1 5, 2005 Olsta et al. 517-568 (2002). 2006, OOOO767 A1 2006 Trauger et al. “Technologies and Costs for Removal of Arsenic From Drinking 2006, O166840 A1 7/2006 Miller Water. EPA 815-P-01-001, United States Environmental Protection 2006/0273015 A1 12/2006 Pinnavaia et al. Agency Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Washington, 2006/0286888 A1 12/2006 Olsta et al. D.C. (Apr. 1999). 2007/0059.542 A1 3/2007 Olsta et al. Granite, et al., “Novel Sorbents for Mercury Removal from Glue 2007/01 19300 A1 5/2007 Yang et al. Gas.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol.39, pp. 1020-1029 (2000). 2007/O122327 A1 5/2007 Yang et al. Alptekin, Gokhan. A New Non-carbon Sorbent for Hg Removal from 2007/0206994 A1 9, 2007 Olsta et al. Flue Gases. Paper #139. TDA Research, Inc. of Wheat Ridge, Colo FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS rado. WO WO-2007O64500 6, 2007 * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Jan. 18, 2011 Sheet 1 of 8 US 7,871,524 B2 O CO ?aun61-I 0/090907 seuunioApeg 40 G| (Ludd) uogeueauoo () f U.S. Patent Jan. 18, 2011 Sheet 2 of 8 US 7.871,524 B2 |doZT9T-x- ?uðnigu!- zaun61-I seuunio/Apag 0|| (udd) uoeuepuoso () f U.S. Patent Jan. 18, 2011 Sheet 4 of 8 US 7,871,524 B2 FIG. 4 U.S. Patent Jan. 18, 2011 Sheet 5 of 8 US 7.871,524 B2 67 N 6.5 N, 63 Y 61 bec 59. 42 111 56A 56B 119 - - - - w FIG. 5 U.S. Patent Jan. 18, 2011 Sheet 6 of 8 US 7,871,524 B2 FIG. 6 FIG. 7 118 U.S. Patent Jan. 18, 2011 Sheet 7 of 8 US 7,871,524 B2 FIG. 8 76 U.S. Patent Jan. 18, 2011 Sheet 8 of 8 US 7,871,524 B2 FIG. 9 o O to do o O do o q to c. co e o O & O c. o o do o O O. o O c. 55 a do C C C C o O C { - 57 c. , xxxx stra ' '.. 4 PO. O. O. o d o' x399,999.5Googlexxxists 25 OGS O O C C C C C C C C CA, o do o co o o () o O & &&Koo co 299,999;o o o o o o colo too O C a to . o ( ; c. o O Y C go d C a O do o c o O C O O C C C C C C c is a cd o O so oc c. cx c. c) C do do o O C C to a y o do o O C C C C C C C C & C C C C C C C C C as C. c. it . C. C. c. o O o O ?o o O to do o C C C C C o C. C. C. C. c O to c is . i O o c d o O do do o O O. d g o o a g d is to 76 O C c C C C C o o o O O Go O O. o O O. Q g o O O do o ga. o to do o O p a o O O. do o o O O C o O p Co.coercocese oOOt 99.99999998". of 3.3 -- CKXxxxXX: x: US 7,871,524 B2 1. 2 METHOD FOR REMOVING MERURY mercury and arsenic, including organic mercury and arsenic AND/OR ARSENC FROM WATER USINGA compounds; mercury metal (Zero Valent); arsenite and arsen SILANE COUPLNGAGENT REACTED ate compounds, arsenic ions (both III and V valent) and mer ORGANOCLAY cury ions (both I and II valent). When the organic-based mercury and/or arsenic is involved, the adsorption mecha FIELD OF THE INVENTION nism of partition could be involved in addition to chemical bonding. In addition, the Hg/AS removal media described The present invention is directed to compositions; methods herein also is effective to remove organic contaminant mol of manufacturing the compositions; and methods of using the ecules, such as oil and grease. The media will be spent even compositions for removing mercury (organic mercury, Hg, 10 tually when all of the adsorption sites are saturated. The actual Hg"; and/or Hg") and/or arsenic (As" and/or As") from media life will depend on the contaminated water composi water. The compositions, also identified herein as “media,” or tions and the field operation conditions. “mercury removal media, or “Hg/AS removal media' or Greco U.S. Pat. No. 5,512,526 describes a clay-based “arsenic removal media.” can be used to remove mercury heavy metal removal media prepared by reacting a fatty mer and/or arsenic from any water source and is particularly use 15 captan, e.g., dodecylmercaptan, with a fatty alkyl-containing ful for removal of mercury and/or arsenic from drinking quaternary ammonium compound. As described, the mercap water; industrial wastewater, contaminated groundwater, tan’s hydrophobic fatty alkyl group associates in some man contaminated sediment; offshore produced water so that the ner with the fatty alkyl group of the quaternary ammonium produced water can be returned to the ocean; and for removal compound. of mercury from aqueous mining wastes. The mercury removal media comprises a homogeneous, preferably SUMMARY extruded composition comprising a layered phyllosilicate coupled to a coupling agent containing a mercapto or Sulfide It has been found in accordance with the present invention reactant group, and an organic phyllosilicate surface-treating that the use of a coupling agent containing a mercapto, dis agent, preferably an onium cation, resulting in an organoclay 25 ulfide, tretrasulfide and/or other polysulfide functional group containing Sulfur. The coupling agent is bonded to the orga provides a mercury and/or arsenic removal media having noclay chemically, physically, or by a combination of chemi increased reactivity, stability, and mercury and/or arsenic cal and physical mechanisms. removal ability. The Hg/AS removal media described herein is prepared by reacting an organophilic clay, preferably contain BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART 30 ing onium ions, with a mercapto, disulfide, tetrasulfide, and/ or polysulfide moiety. Alternatively, the clay can be made The technologies available for mercury and arsenic organophilic by treating a clay with a Surface-treating agent, removal. Such as precipitation, coagulation/co-precipitation, Such as a polymer capable of increasing the d-spacing of the activated carbon adsorption, ion-exchange and the like, are clay platelets, or, preferably, with onium ions prior to or not sufficiently effective for mercury and arsenic (arsenite 35 simultaneously with the coupling reaction of the mercapto- or and arsenate compounds) removal.
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