War Crimes Prosecution Watch, Vol. 14, Issue 12
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Civilian Victimization and Ethnic Civil War∗
Civilian Victimization and Ethnic Civil War∗ Lars-Erik Cedermany Simon Hugz Livia I. Schubiger§ Francisco Villamil{ March 30, 2018 Abstract While many studies provide insights into the causes of wartime civilian victim- ization, we know little about how the targeting of particular segments of the civilian population affects the onset and escalation of armed conflict. Previous research on conflict onset has been largely limited to structural variables, both theoretically and empirically. Moving beyond these static approaches, this paper assesses how state-led civilian victimization targeting members of specific ethnic groups affects the likelihood of ethnic conflict onset, and the evolution of conflicts once they break out. Relying on a new dataset with global coverage that captures the ethnic identity of civilian victims of targeted violence, we find evidence that the state-led civilian victimization of particular ethnic groups increases the likelihood that the latter be- come involved in ethnic civil war. We also find tentative, yet more nuanced, evidence that ethnic targeting by state forces affects the escalation of ongoing conflicts. ∗Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association, April 5-8, 2018, San Francisco. Previous versions of this paper were presented at the American Political Science Association (APSA), San Francisco, August 31–September 3, 2017, the Annual Conference of the European Political Science Association (EPSA), Milan, June 22–24, 2017 and the Annual Meeting of the Conflict Research Society, September 18-19, 2017, Oxford University. We thank Inken von Borzyskowski and the other participants for their helpful comments. Financial support by the Swiss Network for International Studies is greatly appreciated. -
Urgent Appeal - the Observatory
1 URGENT APPEAL - THE OBSERVATORY BGD 001 / 0517 / OBS 051 Arbitrary detention / Judicial harassment Bangladesh May 12, 2017 The Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, a partnership of the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and FIDH, requests your urgent intervention in the following situation in Bangladesh. Brief description of the information: The Observatory has been informed by reliable sources about the arbitrary detention of two journalists associated with the human rights non-governmental organisation (NGO) Odhikar, Messrs. Hasan Ali, a Kushtia District correspondent for Bangla Vision TV, and Aslam Ali, a staff reporter for Dainik Kushtia Dorpan. According to the information received, on May 9, 2017, Messrs. Hasan Ali and Aslam Ali were taken into custody after surrendering before the Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate at Kushtia District under Section 57(2) of the Information and Communication Technology Act 2006 (ICT ACT - amended in 2009 and 2013)1. At the time of publication of this Urgent Appeal, both remained detained in Kushtia District Jail. On March 30, 2017, Mr. Hasibur Rahman Riju, a police informer, filed a complaint at Kushtia Model Police Station against Messrs. Hasan Ali and Aslam Ali. He accused them of publishing an offensive post under the Facebook name ‘Sultan Eslam’ by using the cell phone of a worker at a tea stall at Thana Mor of Kushtia town. Mr. Hasibur Rahman Riju alleged that the post defamed him and violated Section 57(2) of ICT Act. On the same day, police Sub-Inspector Azizur Rahman arrested Messrs. Hasan Ali and Aslam Ali, along with Mr. -
Terrorism in Southeast Asia
Order Code RL31672 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Terrorism in Southeast Asia Updated November 18, 2003 Mark Manyin Coordinator Richard Cronin, Larry Niksch, Bruce Vaughn Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Terrorism in Southeast Asia Summary Following the defeat of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, U.S. attention turned to radical Islamist groups in Southeast Asia, particularly those in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore that are known or alleged to have ties to the Al Qaeda terrorist network. For more than a decade, Al Qaeda has penetrated the region by establishing local cells, training Southeast Asians in its camps in Afghanistan, and by financing and cooperating with indigenous radical Islamist groups. Indonesia and the southern Philippines have been particularly vulnerable to penetration by anti- American Islamic terrorist groups. Members of one indigenous Al Qaeda affiliate, Jemaah Islamiyah, is known to have assisted two of Al Qaeda’s September 11, 2001 hijackers and have confessed to plotting and carrying out attacks against Western targets, including the October 12, 2002 bombing in Bali, Indonesia that killed approximately 200 people, mostly Western tourists. The Bali attack signalled a shift in Jemaah Islamiyah’s tactics, from targeting Western military and government installations to focusing on “softer” targets such as tourist resorts, Western business, and schools serving Westerners. The August 2003 bombing of the J.W. Marriott Hotel in Jakarta, thought to be carried out by Jemaah Islamiyah, appears to fit this pattern. Arrests in Thailand and Cambodia in the spring and summer of 2003 may indicate that the network has established and/or stepped up operations in those countries, as well as Laos and Burma. -
Mje. Libro Sustainable Develop
Copyrihgt © 2003 World Tourism Organization Sustainable Development of Ecotourism A Compilation of Good Practices in SMEs ISBN: 92-844-0621-8 Published by the World Tourism Organization All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission from the World Tourism Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinions whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Tourism Organization concerning the legal status of any country, terri- tory, city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Venezuela 1. Name of the business/ company/project Proyecto Ecoalianza [Ecoalliance Project] 2. Location of the business/ Angel-Eco Tours Inc., New York company/project Angel-Eco C.A., Caracas, Venezuela 3. Responsible Angel-Eco Tours New York organisation (s) Contact person: Paul Stanley / President and contact person Address: 53 Remset Street, Suite 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. Telephone: 1 (888) 475-0874. Fax: 1 (212) 656-1240. E-mail: [email protected] Angel-Eco Caracas Contact person: Antonio Pestana / Vice President Address: Av. Agustín Codazzi, Quinta Rosario, piso 1, oficina 4, Santa Mónica, Cara- cas, Venezuela. Telephone: (58212) 693 0167 and 693 8631 Fax: 0212 693 5667 E-mail: [email protected]. Web. www.angel-ecotours.com Proyecto Ecoalianza Contact persons: Antonio Pestana, Vicente Morata, Mary Ballesta Address, tel., fax: see above at Angel-Eco Caracas E-mail: [email protected] 4. -
Somalian Turvallisuustilanne 28.6.2016
1 (42) MUISTIO MIG-168269 06.03.00 MIGDno-2016-706 28.06.2016 SOMALIAN TURVALLISUUSTILANNE KESÄKUUSSA 2016 Sisällysluettelo 1. Yleiset turvallisuusolosuhteet ...................................................................................... 2 2. Konfliktin vaikutukset siviiliväestöön ............................................................................ 7 3. Turvallisuustilanne alueittain tammi - toukokuussa 2016 ........................................... 10 3.1. Lower Jubba ............................................................................................................. 11 3.2. Gedo ......................................................................................................................... 12 3.3. Bay ............................................................................................................................ 14 3.4. Bakool ....................................................................................................................... 15 3.5. Middle Jubba ............................................................................................................. 15 3.6. Lower Shabelle ......................................................................................................... 15 3.7. Benadir - Mogadishu ................................................................................................. 18 3.8. Middle Shabelle ......................................................................................................... 22 3.9. Hiiraan ..................................................................................................................... -
2017 > China and the World After 19Th Party Congress AA.VV., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace > W
09 – 13: X : 2017 CHINA: 19º CONGRESSO DO PC | CHINA: 19TH PARTY CONGRESS China and the World After 19th Party Congress AA.VV., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace What is Xi Jinping Thought? Willy Wo-Lap Lam, China Brief Xi Jinping's Moment Richard McGregor, Lowy Institute China’s 19th Party Congress: Political Precedent and the Politburo Standing Committee Andrei Lungu, The Diplomat ACORDO NUCLEAR COM O IRÃO: INCUMPRIMENTO? | NUCLEAR AGREEMENT WITH IRAN: NONCOMPLIANCE? The Trump Administration and the Iran Nuclear Deal: Analysis of Noncompliance Claims Jarrett Blanc & James M. Acton, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Iranian Foreign Minister: ‘Arab Affairs Are Iran’s Business’ Javad Zarif, The Atlantic Decertifying the Deal: What’s the Next Step in Negotiating with Iran? James Phillips, The National Interest RECONCILIAÇÃO PALESTINIANA | PALETINIAN RECONCILIATION What’s different about the latest Palestinian reconciliation effort? Khaled Elgindy, Brookings Institution The long road towards Palestinian re-unification Hugh Lovatt, ECFR COREIA DO NORTE: TENSÃO NUCLEAR | NORTH KOREA: NUCLEAR TENSION The Growing Danger of a U.S. Nuclear First Strike On North Korea David Barno and Nora Bensahel, War on the Rocks ARCO DE CRISES | ARCH OF CRISIS How to Turn Battleground Ukraine into a Success Story? Anna Tikhonova & Cyril Fokin, National Interest Mali’s Fragile Peace Allison Chandler and Benno Zogg, CSS Trump's Surge in Afghanistan: Why We Can't Seem to End the War Daniel Byman and Steven Simon, Foreign Affairs TERRORISMO| -
Human Rights Monitoring Report
Human Rights Monitoring Report 1 – 31 May 2018 1 June 2018 1 Odhikar has, since 1994, been monitoring the human rights situation in Bangladesh in order to promote and protect civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of Bangladeshi citizens and to report on violations and defend the victims. Odhikar does not believe that the human rights movement merely endeavours to protect the „individual‟ from violations perpetrated by the state; rather, it believes that the movement to establish the rights and dignity of every individual is part of the struggle to constitute Bangladesh as a democratic state. Odhikar has always been consistent in creating mass awareness of human rights issues using several means, including reporting violations perpetrated by the State and advocacy and campaign to ensure internationally recognised civil and political rights of citizens. The Organisation unconditionally stands by the victims of oppression and maintains no prejudice with regard to political leanings or ideological orientation, race, religion or sex. In line with this campaign, Odhikar prepares and releases human rights status reports every month. The Organisation has prepared and disseminated this human rights monitoring report of May 2018, despite facing persecution and continuous harassment and threats to its existence since 2013. Although many incidents of human rights violations occur every month, only a few significant incidents have been highlighted in this report. Information used in the report was gathered by grassroots human rights -
Somalia We Live in Perpetual Fear
“WE LIVE IN PERPETUAL FEAR” VIOLATIONS AND ABUSES OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN SOMALIA Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2020 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: Somali journalists denied access to photograph an Al-Shabaab attack site in (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. Mogadishu in January 2020. © Private https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2020 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: AFR 52/1442/2020 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 2. METHODOLOGY 9 3. BACKGROUND 11 3.1 CONFLICT AND CIVILIAN SUFFERING 11 3.2 MEDIA AND SOCIAL MEDIA USE 12 3.3 TREATMENT OF MEDIA AND JOURNALISTS 12 3.4 HEIGHTENED POLITICAL TENSION IN 2018 AND 2019 13 4. INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK 15 4.1 NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK 17 5. -
Spatial Horizontal Inequality and the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Murshed, S. Mansoob; Gates, Scott Working Paper Spatial horizontal inequality and the Maoist insurgency in Nepal WIDER Research Paper, No. 2004/43 Provided in Cooperation with: United Nations University (UNU), World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) Suggested Citation: Murshed, S. Mansoob; Gates, Scott (2004) : Spatial horizontal inequality and the Maoist insurgency in Nepal, WIDER Research Paper, No. 2004/43, ISBN 9291906328, The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU- WIDER), Helsinki This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/63435 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Research Paper No. 2004/43 Spatial Horizontal Inequality and the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal S. -
Cambodia: Background and U.S
Order Code RL32986 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations July 8, 2005 Thomas Lum Asian Affairs Specialist Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Cambodia has made some notable progress, with foreign assistance, in developing its economy, nurturing a civil society, and holding elections that are at least procedurally democratic. A number of significant problems remain, however. Weak legal and financial institutions, corruption, political violence, and the authoritarian tendencies of the Cambodian Prime Minister, Hun Sen, have discouraged foreign investment and strained U.S.-Cambodian relations. U.S. interests in Cambodia include human rights, foreign assistance, trade, and counter terrorism. Several current measures by the United States government reflect human rights concerns in Cambodia. Since 1998, foreign operations appropriations legislation has barred assistance to the Central Government of Cambodia in response to Prime Minister Hun Sen’s seizure of power in 1997 and sporadic political violence against the opposition. The United States has also withheld assistance to the Khmer Rouge tribunal unless standards of judicial independence and fairness are met. Despite these restrictions, Cambodia remains the third largest recipient of United States assistance in Southeast Asia after Indonesia and the Philippines. S.Res. 65would call upon the Government of Cambodia to release Member of Parliament Cheam Channy from prison and to restore the immunity from prosecution of opposition parliamentarians. In 2005, the State Department placed Cambodia in Tier 3 as a country that had not made adequate efforts to eliminate trafficking in persons. -
2014 Vol. 5, No. 1
PRISM VOL. 5, NO. 1 2014 A JOURNAL OF THE CENTER FOR COMPLEX OPERATIONS PRISM About VOL. 5, NO. 1 2014 PRISM is published by the Center for Complex Operations. PRISM is a security studies journal chartered to inform members of U.S. Federal agencies, allies, and other partners on complex EDITOR and integrated national security operations; reconstruction and state-building; relevant policy Michael Miklaucic and strategy; lessons learned; and developments in training and education to transform America’s security and development EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Ross Clark Ben Graves Caliegh Hernandez Communications Daniel Moore Constructive comments and contributions are important to us. Direct communications to: COPY EDITORS Dale Erickson Editor, PRISM Rebecca Harper 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64, Room 3605) Christoff Luehrs Fort Lesley J. McNair Sara Thannhauser Washington, DC 20319 Nathan White Telephone: (202) 685-3442 DESIGN DIRecTOR FAX: Carib Mendez (202) 685-3581 Email: [email protected] ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Gordon Adams Dr. Pauline H. Baker Ambassador Rick Barton Contributions Professor Alain Bauer PRISM welcomes submission of scholarly, independent research from security policymakers Dr. Joseph J. Collins (ex officio) and shapers, security analysts, academic specialists, and civilians from the United States and Ambassador James F. Dobbins abroad. Submit articles for consideration to the address above or by email to [email protected] Ambassador John E. Herbst (ex officio) with “Attention Submissions Editor” in the subject line. Dr. David Kilcullen Ambassador Jacques Paul Klein Dr. Roger B. Myerson This is the authoritative, official U.S. Department of Defense edition of PRISM. Dr. Moisés Naím Any copyrighted portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted MG William L. -
The Media and Reserve Library, Located on the Lower Level West Wing, Has Over 9,000 Videotapes, Dvds and Audiobooks Covering a Multitude of Subjects
Libraries WAR The Media and Reserve Library, located on the lower level west wing, has over 9,000 videotapes, DVDs and audiobooks covering a multitude of subjects. For more information on these titles, consult the Libraries' online catalog. 10 Days to D-Day DVD-0690 Anthropoid DVD-8859 1776 DVD-0397 Apocalypse Now DVD-3440 1900 DVD-4443 DVD-6825 9/11 c.2 DVD-0056 c.2 Army of Shadows DVD-3022 9th Company DVD-1383 Ashes and Diamonds DVD-3642 Act of Killing DVD-4434 Auschwitz Death Camp DVD-8792 Adams Chronicles DVD-3572 Auschwitz: Inside the Nazi State DVD-7615 Aftermath: The Remnants of War DVD-5233 Bad Voodoo's War DVD-1254 Against the Odds: Resistance in Nazi Concentration DVD-0592 Baghdad ER DVD-2538 Camps Age of Anxiety VHS-4359 Ballad of a Soldier DVD-1330 Al Qaeda Files DVD-5382 Band of Brothers (Discs 1-4) c.2 DVD-0580 Discs Alexander DVD-5380 Band of Brothers (Discs 5-6) c.2 DVD-0580 Discs Alive Day Memories: Home from Iraq DVD-6536 Bataan/Back to Bataan DVD-1645 All Quiet on the Western Front DVD-0238 Battle of Algiers DVD-0826 DVD-1284 Battle of Algiers c.4 DVD-0826 c.4 America Goes to War: World War II DVD-8059 Battle of Algiers c.3 DVD-0826 c.3 American Humanitarian Effort: Out-Takes from Vietnam DVD-8130 Battleground DVD-9109 American Sniper DVD-8997 Bedford Incident DVD-6742 DVD-8328 Beirut Diaries and 33 Days DVD-5080 Americanization of Emily DVD-1501 Beowulf DVD-3570 Andre's Lives VHS-4725 Best Years of Our Lives DVD-5227 Anne Frank DVD-3303 Best Years of Our Lives c.3 DVD-5227 c.3 Anne Frank: The Life of a Young Girl DVD-3579 Beyond Treason: What You Don't Know About Your DVD-4903 Government Could Kill You 9/6/2018 Big Red One DVD-2680 Catch-22 DVD-3479 DVD-9115 Cell Next Door DVD-4578 Birth of a Nation DVD-0060 Charge of the Light Brigade (Flynn) DVD-2931 Birth of a Nation and the Civil War Films of D.W.