Executive Summary
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Executive Summary This page has been left blank intentionally EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Tellus Holdings Ltd (Tellus) propose to construct and operate an underground rock salt mine and complementary storage, recovery and permanent isolation facility (herein referred to as the ‘Chandler Facility’). A rail siding and temporary storage and transfer facility (herein referred to as the ‘Apirnta Facility’) is also proposed. A private haul road linking the two facilities (herein referred to as the ‘Chandler Haul Road’) would be constructed. A private access road (herein referred to as ‘Henbury Access Road’), would be constructed to link the Apirnta Facility with the Stuart Highway. Collectively, the two proposed facilities, the haul and access roads, are referred to as ‘the Proposal’. If approved, the Chandler Facility and the majority of the Chandler Haul Road would be located within a pastoral lease (Maryvale Station). The proposed site approximately 120 kilometres south of Alice Springs and about 25 kilometres by road from the community of Titjikala in the Northern Territory (NT) (refer to Figure ES-1). The Apirnta Facility, Henbury Access Road and a portion of the Chandler Haul Road would be located to the west of the proposed Chandler Facility, also on a pastoral lease (the Henbury Station). Figure ES-1 Location of the Proposal This Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) has been prepared by Tellus to support key approvals under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the NT Mining Management Act (MM Act), the NT Environmental Assessment Act (EA Act) and the NT Waste Management Pollution Control Act (WMPC Act) for the construction, operation, and closure and rehabilitation of the Proposal. The EIS has been prepared to address the requirements set out in the Terms of Reference for the Preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement – Chandler Salt Mine (the ‘Terms of Reference’) issued by the NT Environment Protection Authority (NT EPA) on 23 September, 2016, under the EA Act. The proponent Tellus is the proponent for the Proposal. Tellus is an infrastructure development company in the business of creating economic, social and environmental value from waste, clay and salt resources. This dual revenue model involves mining the commodities rock salt and kaolin clay in thick dry remote beds which creates world’s best practice geological repositories. The voids created by mining are then used to store equipment, archives or waste using a multi barrier system as part of an overall safety case. Tellus plan to permanently isolate hazardous waste using environmentally sound management principles that protect the environment and human health. Tellus also supports the circular economy using long term storage by placing like-with-like materials for operational safety reasons and to create opportunities for the future recovery of valuable materials. Tellus’ business model mirrors international solutions operating in the United Kingdom, Europe and North America. Tellus is developing the proposed Chandler Facility in the NT (which has been awarded Major Project Status by the NT Government) and also the proposed Sandy Ridge Facility in Western Australia. The company details are as follows: Tellus Holdings Ltd Suite 2, Level 10 151 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000. ABN 97 138 119 829 The key contact for the EIS is: Mr Richard Phillips Environment and Approvals Manager Tellus Holdings Ltd Email: [email protected] Office: +61 2 8257 3395 Further information regarding the proponent is provided on their website at the following address: www.tellusholdings.com.au Proposal need The viability of the proposed Chandler Facility would rely on implementing both aspects of the dual revenue Proposal: • The salt business. • The equipment and archives storage business and waste storage, recovery and permanent isolation business in a deep (850 metre) geological repository. Salt Salt, or sodium chloride, is a mineral that naturally occurs in our seas and in underground deposits. There are three ways in which salt can be harvested (1) via solar evaporation (2) solution mining and (3) deep underground mining. Salt is one of the most widely used substances on Earth. It has over 14,000 direct and indirect uses. The most familiar use of salt is for food and food processing (both for humans and animals). It is also widely used in the chemical industry for chlor-alkali production and synthetic soda ash production. World demand for salt is forecast to grow, particularly in Asia. It is estimated that there will be an approximately six million tonne shortfall of salt in the Asian market by 2018. The worldwide demand for salt is expected to be the greatest in the chemical industry (specifically chlor-alkali production) and for other industrial end-uses (for example, salt fluxes used in the smelting and mining industry). Australia is the sixth largest producer of salt and the largest exporter of salt worldwide. About 60 percent of salt imported to Asia comes from Australia. In Australia, salt is produced predominantly via solar evaporative salt facilities in Western Australia. Solar evaporation is quite inefficient (about 65 tonnes of sea water is needed to produce one tonne of salt) and time intensive (the process can take between 12 to 18 months). Heavy rain or cyclones can also disrupt salt production in solar evaporative facilities for months at a time. Solar evaporative salt facilities are also becoming increasingly difficult to obtain planning approval for in Australia due to their negative environmental impacts. An opportunity exists to meet the growing demand for salt in Asia. This opportunity is the mining of rock salt in the Chandler Formation in the NT. Extensive investigations have proven that billions of tons of salt are contained within the Chandler Formation. Mining this salt could easily be scaled up to meet the growing supply requirements in Asia. Australia is also considered the gateway to Asia. We are closer than India and Chile who also supply salt to Asia. Given the specification and quality of the salt within the Chandler Formation, the chlor-alkali industry in China, Japan and Indonesia are considered to present the greatest opportunity for the export of salt from the Proposal Plate ES-1 Independent salt experts confirm viability of salt within (refer to Plate ES-1). the Chandler Formation suitable for the dual use business model (salt experts from Ercosplan, Germany). Waste storage, recovery and permanent isolation The problem Over the last 20 years, waste production in Australia has grown at six times population growth (ABS 2016). Australians are the second highest emitters of hazardous waste per capita due to the economy being driven largely by mining, oil and gas, and manufacturing. Approximately 10 % of the waste Australian’s produce is hazardous. That means approximately six million tonnes per year of known hazardous waste is produced and is growing at approximately 3% per annum. There is also approximately 900 million tonnes of reported legacy waste (hazardous waste generated historically) estimated to be temporarily stored in the NT and across other Australian states and territories. Traditional re-processing, incineration, treatment before landfilling, storage/disposal into man-made engineered landfill are temporary solutions, often do not extinguish liability, can be very expensive from a full lifecycle perspective, especially if sent overseas, and are not viewed today as world’s best practice. Many of these options support the old linear economy of ‘use and dispose’. This has created a growing legacy and forecast pool of waste materials which require long term storage, recovery of valuable materials that supports the circular economy or the permanent isolation of hazardous materials using sound environmental management principals. These solutions are not readily available. Governments have realised or are increasingly realising that the previous widespread use of engineered surface landfills with either no liner, or liners with lifespans of 10 to 30 years as a catch- all solution with no or limited discrimination in waste acceptance has created many contaminated sites that pose environmental hazards and have ongoing remediation requirements. The degradation of ageing landfill facilities has created significant contamination problems with numerous examples of waste breaching the liners and landfill perimeters and spreading into groundwater aquifers. As a result of this emerging and widespread environmental problem, governments globally are now banning surface landfill of hazardous waste and are endorsing geological repositories capable of permanently isolating waste from the biosphere as a final solution for end of life hazardous waste disposal as best practice. The difference between landfills and geological repositories is illustrated in Figure ES-2. The key difference being that even with a well-engineered landfill, the artificial liner usually only isolate hazardous waste for 10- 30 years before degradation of the liner creates a contamination risk, whereas a geological repository is passively safe on a geological timescale. As a result, international regulators are restricting landfill development and their use for most hazardous waste types. Figure ES-2 Difference between landfill and a geological repository The solution There is a need and regulatory obligation to provide for the safe and secure storage, recovery of valuable materials and the permanent isolation of