European Commission Speeding up Electricity Market Integration Page 4

Corporate magazine Fingrid Oyj FINGRID 3/2007

European Commission speeding up electricity market integration page 4

Olkiluoto Gas Turbine Power Plant inaugurated page 10 In this issue

Editorial When it is time 3 Fingrid’s Power System Control Centre upgraded Fingrid’s Power System Control Centre was renovated during the More speed in European electricity market integration summer and early autumn. Almost everything in the control cen- The European Commission submitted a proposal in September, tre is new, because the renovation was carried out in conjunction concerning changes to the shared rules for the electricity market with the updating of the operation control system and related in Europe. The Commission aims to speed up the integration of hardware purchases. 14 the electricity market. 4 Pirkanpylväs in Lempäälä provided with lights The Nordic countries, Baltic countries and Poland A special-design transmission line tower located in Lempäälä launched co-operation in grid planning close to the Helsinki–Tampere motorway obtained a lighting The objective of co-operation launched in Helsinki on 14 Novem- system which highlights its contours also during the dark hours ber is to accomplish an optimum playing ﬁ eld for the single of the day. 16 electricity market of the future. 7 Grid ABC Olkiluoto Gas Turbine Power Plant inaugurated Reserve power plants 18 The Olkiluoto plant constructed jointly by Fingrid and TVO serves both parties. Whenever needed, it produces electricity Old Style Weekend quickly to the nation-wide transmission grid, and also secures Fingrid’s transmission line specialist Mika Kuivalainen is an old car the supply of auxiliary power to the Olkiluoto nuclear power enthusiast. The Old Style Weekend event arranged in Uddevalla plant units in the event of a large-scale disturbance in the trans- in Sweden again attracted a great number of people interested in mission grid. 10 old cars last summer. 20

In brief 13 In the net Winter ﬁ res 23

FINGRID Editorial staff Corporate magazine Telephone: +358 (0)30 395 5000, Fax +358 (0)30 395 5196 Fingrid Oyj Postal address: P.O.Box 530, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland Street address: Arkadiankatu 23 B, Helsinki. www.fi ngrid.fi 10th volume Editor-in-Chief: Leni Lustre-Pere 3/2007 Editorial board: Jari Helander, Aila Itäpää, Antti Linna, Erkki Stam Design by bbo, Better Business Offi ce Oy / Maria Hallila and Tuija Sorsa Translation by Kielipaja Hannu Hakala Published by Cover photograph: Pirkanpylväs in Lempäälä in evening lighting. Photograph by Juhani Eskelinen. Fingrid Oyj Printed by Lönnberg Print ISSN 1456-2693 Editorial

The invisible phenomenon re- When it is time quires man-made structures so that it can become a visible Things tend to have a beginning and part of the everyday life and an end. This thing began when highlights of people, as light I agreed to accept a temporary and aid. post of three weeks. The temporary post changed to My successor Tiina Miet- a permanent one, and tinen will assume my posi- three weeks extended tion as the editor-in-chief of to more than 35 years. the Fingrid magazine. She views That is a long time – things with new eyes and ideas – and yet it is not, because and that’s the way it should be. the years and decades re- However, the policy of the mag- ally went by fast. azine will probably remain the same: it is made for the readers, Before this employment, elec- to provide information and back- tricity was just something that was ground on issues and phenomena there. You got electricity by putting which ensure that the lights are kept the plug in the socket. I and my friends on in Finland. never really pondered on the origin of electricity – it just came from some- Pocket watch included in the treas- I would like to wish all the readers of where beyond the socket. We used elec- ures salvaged from the wreck of the the Fingrid magazine a warm-hearted tricity whenever it was needed, but we St. Michel, which sank in 1747. Christmas time, and I would also like to did not want to waste it. It was self-evi- Fingrid has sponsored underwa- thank each and every one of you for the dent to switch off the lights when leav- ter research on this valuable three- past interesting years. I will now join the ing a room; that was a pattern learned masted galliot, and published an il- readership of this magazine. When it is at home. If someone did not comply lustrated reference book on the time. with the practice, such person could be wreck and its treasures. even reprimanded. its consequences. There are many types Working with energy – mainly elec- of players involved in this phenomenon. tricity – has opened my eyes to the world Electricity can be handled and control- Leni Lustre-Pere beyond the socket. That world produces led more and more efﬁ ciently and pro- and transmits a product which nobody ductively, and its transmission with an Leni Lustre-Pere retired from the po- has ever seen in its original state; you abundance of ancillary problems nev- sition of Communications Manager of can only see, hear, feel and experience er ceases to provide food for thought. Fingrid Oyj on 30 November 2007.

3 More speed in European electricity market integration

In September, the European Commission submitted a proposal concerning changes to the shared rules for the electricity market in Europe. The Commission aims to speed up the integration of the electricity market. The proposals of the energy package focus on transmission system operators and on the authorities supervising them.

Text by Tiina Miettinen Photographs by Tuija Sorsa and Juhani Eskelinen

or the transmission system and transmission of electricity and nat- bundling of production and transmis- operators (TSOs), the fore- ural gas than presently. sion can be carried out in two different most changes brought by The Commission has adopted a very ways. The primary goal of the Commis- F the energy package concern strict stand in terms of TSO ownership. sion is full ownership unbundling, but ownership of companies, strengthened The market players should have no in- an alternative presented is the ISO mod- status of the regulatory authority, pro- fl uence on the TSOs for example in the el (independent system operator). motion of TSO co-operation, and en- form of ownership or Board member- In the ISO model, the grid would be hanced transparency in the wholesale ship. There is an exception to this rule, owned by the former owner, but its op- market of electricity. because national governments could eration and planning would be decided Ownership of TSOs has especially continue to be co-owners in both pro- by another company, an ISO. This inde- evoked a lively debate. In order to production and transmission just as long as pendent system operator would hence mote the functioning of the electricity they delegate ownership representation have a sort of a right of use to the grid market, the Commission proposes more to various ministries. owned by the other company. Howev- distinct unbundling of the production According to the proposal, the un- FINGRID 3/2007 4 er, the implementation of the ISO model President and CEO Jukka Ruusunen has been made very diffi cult. thinks that the company will do well in If the proposed ownership unbun- the changing operating environment. dling would be realised in its extreme “Fingrid has worked actively to re- scope, the TSOs could be government- move market barriers and been commit- owned companies, private companies, ted to impartiality and neutrality. This is or some sorts of intermediate forms be- indicated by the lowest grid tariff in Eu- tween these. The underlying purpose of rope, excellent system security in elec- ownership unbundling is not to have a tricity transmission, and our input in certain type of ownership structure, but grid and market development”, Jukka the objective is that no interest group Ruusunen points out. has such control over a TSO that would Fingrid’s customers are in the best po- compromise neutral operations. sition to assess its performance. This is why the company conducts regular cus- Highly varied ownership tomer surveys concerning its operations. structures in Europe The customers have rated Fingrid’s per- Fingrid’s President Jukka Ruusunen thinks that Fingrid will do well in the There are presently great differences in changing operating environment. the ownership structure of TSOs in the “Fingrid has worked active- various European countries. In some ly to remove market barriers European co-operation countries the TSOs are listed compa- between TSOs nies, in some countries the government and been committed to owns the TSO either entirely or partly, impartiality and neutrality.” In addition to the unbundling of own- and some countries have vertical owner- ership, the energy package propos- ship, i.e. production companies own the es closer co-operation between TSOs. transmission system operator. Time will formance with an excellent grade in This would take place by the establish- tell how the proposal of the Commission several consecutive years. Antti Koske- ment of Entso, European network of will evolve within the political drafting lainen, Managing Director of Suomen transmission system operators, which is process. The decision-making process ElFi Oy, which represents electricity us- given a focal role in the EU’s legislative will probably take two to three years. ers, also commends Fingrid’s efforts. process. Correspondingly, the national In Fingrid’s view, the ultimate ob- “Fingrid is effi cient on an interna- jurisdiction of the regulatory authorities jective of the Commission to unbundle tional scale, and the Finnish transmis- and co-operation between them will be production and transmission is correct. sion grid is in a good condition. Securi- increased. This will take place by estab- This was the very reason why Fingrid ty of supply has been good, and the grid lishing an agency for the co-operation was established 10 years ago, when pro- tariffs are competitive. However, there is of energy regulators. duction and transmission were separat- always room for improvement. We feel According to the proposal, the new ed in Finland. Right from the start, Fin- that promoting demand fl exibility is organisations would be given a Europe- grid has worked actively to abolish mar- in the interests of the entire electrici- an jurisdiction and area of responsibil- ket obstacles. ty business, and the TSOs have a nat- ity. Entso’s work would be much more However, in accordance with the nar- ural role here. We also look forward to binding than previous TSO co-opera- row interpretation of the proposal of the increased transparency concerning bot- tion. The new agency, in turn, would Commission, production and transmis- tleneck revenues received by the Nordic give comments on the regulations pre- sion would not be suffi ciently unbun- TSOs and how to proceed in order to pared by Entso, and it would supervise dled in Finland, and if the proposal be- reduce these revenues,” Antti Koskelai- that the national regulators follow the comes reality, it would also infl uence nen states. Community Law. Fingrid’s ownership structure. Fingrid’s 5 Parallel approach to a European electricity market

Antti Koskelainen, Further development of the regional market Managing Director of Suomen ElFi Oy, believes that market integration will Co-ordination between the regions

bring beneﬁ ts to Koskelainen Katja electricity users over a long term.

Integration at the European level

by Photograph

Not everyone considers that the pro- proved grid operation, effective use of only taking the fi rst steps in Continental posals concerning increased TSO co-op- reserves, and harmonisation of balance Europe. The production architecture is eration, made by the Commission, are service. One important step was the de- different in various countries, ownership suffi cient. The Nordic energy ministers, cision to increase signifi cantly transpar- is more concentrated outside the Nordic among others, have appointed a work ent market information on the TSOs’ countries, and the price level of electric- group to survey the establishment of own websites and on Nord Pool’s Inter- ity is higher than in the North. a single independent system operator net pages. The Nordic countries have been fore- (ISO) in the Nordic countries. runners in electricity market develop- Fingrid has not warmed up to the Strategic intent is vital ments, and there has been years of work idea, because the establishment of an for the shared market. Antti Koskelainen ISO would call for great changes in the All in all, the energy business has a clear emphasises the importance of complet- legislation of the various countries and strategic intent to work so that the ing electricity market integration be- introduce additional bureaucracy. On wholesale market of electricity becomes tween the Nordic countries, for exam- the other hand, the actual grid opera- a European market. Nordel’s efforts aim ple by implementing the decided priority cross-sections as soon as possible. tion – which the ISO model basically at this, as do the proposals in the ener- represents – is not a problem anyway. “The undeserved extra income given gy package of the EU Commission. The The ISO model does not bring a solu- by emission trading to power producers matter also has great relevance to elec- tion to the most critical issues such as must be eliminated either by changing promotion of grid construction projects. tricity consumers. the emission trading system, or the mar- This is why Fingrid highlights the im- “Over a long term, the integrating ket mechanisms and by allocating pro- portance of TSO co-operation – both market will mean stabler prices, more ceeds to investments in production ca- within Nordel and in the future increas- competition, better security of supply – pacity. In order to achieve better com- ingly so within Entso. all these are good things for the elec- petition in electricity production, obsta- The co-operation has yielded results. tricity users. However, there is the risk cles which impede increased market-fo- The Nordic TSOs have agreed on con- of increased electricity prices in Finland cused supply of electricity must be re- structing priority cross-sections with a and elsewhere in the Nordic countries,” moved from legislation and the permit total value of one thousand million eu- Antti Koskelainen of Suomen ElFi says procedures must be streamlined. Gov- ros. Once complete, these will reduce in commenting the developments in the ernment must also promote the access signifi cantly market segregation in the electricity market. of new players to the electricity market Nordic countries. On top of this, Nor- Market integration will not be easy. in order to further competition,” Antti del has agreed on separate action, aim- According to Antti Koskelainen, the Koskelainen says. ing among other things at increasingly thing to consider in view of the sched- effi cient grid engineering processes, im- uling of integration and functioning of the market is that market liberalisation is

FINGRID 3/2007 6 Nordic countries, Baltic countries and Poland

The representatives of TSOs in the Nordic BUILDING A SHARED countries, Baltic states and Poland gathered in Helsinki. The persons from the left: Jussi PLAYING FIELD Matilainen, Olegs Linkevics from Latvia, Pertti Kuronen, Ramunas Ponelis from Lithuania, Transmission system operators in the Nordic countries, Artur Glutzek from Poland, Mikko Koskinen, Baltic states and Poland have launched co-operation in Dalius Sulga from Lithuania, and Mart transmission grid planning. The objective is to accomplish Landberg from Estonia. The group also includes an optimum playing ﬁ eld for the single electricity market Svenska Kraftnät’s member Habib Sabbagh. of the future. Text by Maria Hallila Photograph by Eija Eskelinen

epresentatives of transmission market integration in Europe, this meet- A short look back in time indicates that system operators (TSOs) in Fin- ing marked the turning of a new leaf. up until the early part of this millenni- R land, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, “Co-operation between TSOs in the um, each country was responsible for its Lithuania and Poland sat together at the EU countries has increased in line with own power system and own cross-bor- same table in Helsinki on 14 Novem- the clearer goal towards a European der connections. “Grid planning within ber to discuss the joint issues concern- electricity market,” says Pertti Kuronen, Nordel co-operation was largely bilater- ing grid planning in the area around the who is responsible for grid service with- al back then,” Pertti Kuronen says. Baltic Sea. In the history of electricity in Fingrid. He characterises the year 2002 as a

7 decisive turning point. It was then that the ﬁ rst Nordic Grid Plan was drawn up. Now, ﬁ ve years later, the need for co- operation extends to a great part of Eu- rope. According to Pertti Kuronen, the Nor- dic countries are adopting a practice where Norway and Denmark are responsible for international co-operation in grid planning with countries in western Continental Europe and the British Isles while Sweden and Finland take care of co-operation with countries in east- ern Continental Europe and the Baltic countries. Planning between the Nordic countries is co-ordinated through Nor- del. Cross-border connections from Russia to Nordel are naturally primarily in the domain of Finland. Russia is an important partner in power exchanges also for the Baltic countries, which are connected to its power system.

Three major projects in the Baltic countries The Baltic Grid plan extending to 2025 encompasses three signiﬁ cant transmission link projects: Lithuania - Poland, Lithuania - Sweden, and Estlink 2, The introduction of the Estlink ca- the second sea cable link between Estonia and Finland. ble between Estonia and Finland was a concrete push for grid co-operation link between Lithuania and Poland. This Nordic countries. between the Nordic countries and the connection of 1,000 megawatts is in- According to Pertti Kuronen, the new Baltic countries. The cable inaugurated cluded in the Baltic Grid plan shared by version of the Nordic Grid Plan prepared a year ago is the ﬁ rst link between the the TSOs in the Baltic countries, extend- by Nordel will be complete in the early Baltic countries and the Nordic electric- ing to 2025. part of 2008. ity market. This Baltic plan also covers two oth- “The EU considers it important that er projects to be examined more closely: Optimum functioning as the Baltic countries are connected to Estlink 2 cable between Finland and Es- the guideline Poland so that they can become part of tonia and a cable link between Lithua- the European electricity market,” Pertti nia and Sweden. What is the most sensible way in which Kuronen says. The Baltic Grid plan was drawn up by to implement the planned transmission According to him, the European Com- Baltso, the organisation of TSOs in the connections between the countries, and mission has prioritised the transmission Baltic countries similar to Nordel in the in which schedule? What is their mutu-

FINGRID 3/2007 8 Co-operation in mutual grid planning involves the transmission system operators in the Nordic countries, the Baltic countries and Poland: Nordel’s members are Fingrid, Svenska Kraftnät in Sweden, Statnett in Norway and Energinet in Denmark; Baltso’s members are OÜ Põhivõrk in Estonia, Augstsprieguma Tikls in Latvia and Lietuvos Energija in Lithuania, as well as the Polish TSO PSE-Operator S.A.

the issues reviewed include benefi ts to equipped to reach the objectives, be- national economies and environmen- cause co-operation was launched in a tal impacts of the planned solutions, positive and constructive atmosphere. among others. “You could sense a genuine desire to co- Fingrid’s representatives in the work operation in the meeting. This is a good group are Pertti Kuronen and Jussi Ma- foundation, because the future deci- tilainen as permanent members and sions must be based on a shared view of Mikko Koskinen in technical special is- what should be done,” they point out. al order of importance? What types of sues. Jussi Matilainen is specialised in It has been agreed that chairmanship technical solutions are feasible? How to electricity market analyses models from in the work group changes each year. ensure the functioning and compatibil- a technical and economic viewpoint, Fingrid chairs the group for the fi rst year ity of the solutions? and Mikko Koskinen in power system until the end of 2008. These are among the questions to dynamics and stability calculations. “The main component in this co-op- which the co-operation group, which “The main task of the work group is eration is discussion and contacts be- has now started its work, is trying to co-ordination, and its key objective is to tween people. The continued co-oper- fi nd answers. ascertain the overall benefi ts given by ation between TSOs in the area around There are several aspects. In addition the planned projects to the shared mar- the Baltic Sea also carries considerable to the technical aspect, the projects are ket area. We aim to maximise that ben- weight,” Pertti Kuronen points out. examined from the point of view of the efi t through joint efforts,” Mikko Kos- In addition to grid planning, there is overall interests of the market, and also kinen and Jussi Matilainen say. also co-operation within market devel- from a socioeconomic viewpoint, where They think that the work group is well opment and grid operation.

9 Olkiluoto Gas Turbine Power Plant inaugurated Test start by Minister Anne Holmlund demonstrated the functional reliability of the plant

The Olkiluoto Gas Turbine Power Plant constructed jointly by Fingrid Everything ready for the start. Oyj and Teollisuuden Voima Oy (TVO) was inaugurated on 19 November. Project Manager Martti Merviö (on the left) giving the ﬁ nal in- The 100 megawatt plant will serve both parties. When necessary, structions to Minister Anne the plant supplies power as fast disturbance reserve to the Finnish Holmlund. TVO’s President transmission grid. On the other hand, the new plant will secure the Pertti Simola and Fingrid’s President Jukka Ruusunen an- supply of auxiliary power to the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant units in ticipating the big moment. case of a large-scale disturbance in the transmission grid.

Text by Maria Hallila Photographs by Juhani Eskelinen

FINGRID 3/2007 10 he inauguration start by Anne “Suffi cient and reliable Holmlund, Finnish Minister of supply of electricity Tthe Interior, showed that the gas turbines start reliably in the expected is absolutely necessary time of a maximum of seven minutes. for the modern “The plant will certainly fulfi l its objectives both as fast disturbance reserve Finnish society” and as a source of emergency pow- She stated that the Finnish transmis- er for the nuclear power plant units,” sion grid is among the best in the world Anne Holmlund said in the inaugura- in terms of technology and availability. tion event. Still, there will be challenges in the future, too. She referred to Fingrid’s future Growing challenges for the capital expenditure outlook: The compa- In his speech, Fingrid’s President electricity transmission system ny’s capital expenditure in the grid will grow from an annual level of approx. Jukka Ruusunen described the In her inauguration speech, Minister 40 million euros to 100–200 million eu- background of the Olkiluoto Gas Holmlund discussed the energy poli- ros per year in the next few years. Turbine Power Plant project. “The cy challenges to be encountered in the “The capital expenditure will grow outcome of negotiations with TVO near future. The most crucial challeng- because electricity consumption is in- was that by constructing the pow- es are related to increased energy con- creasing, the ageing transmission grid er plant jointly, for two different sumption and reducing the environ- needs to be renewed, and cross-border applications, both parties will de- mental impacts of energy production. transmission capacity between countries rive benefi ts,” he stated. “Increasing energy consumption, needs to be enhanced further in order to higher power plant capacity and larger promote the market mechanisms. More- background of the Olkiluoto Gas Tur- unit sizes of power plants also impose over, Fingrid has to increase its own re- bine Power Plant project. new, increasingly greater requirements serve power capacity in order to ensure “One of Fingrid’s pivotal tasks is to on the electricity transmission system. system security, just as has been done secure the operational security of the The transmission system must withstand here in Olkiluoto.” Finnish power system. For this purpose, potential disturbance of plant units In conclusion, Minister Holmlund Fingrid maintains reserves under specif- which are larger than presently,” Minis- stated that the Olkiluoto Gas Turbine ic agreements with industries and pow- ter Holmlund stated. Power Plant is an indication of the de- er plants, and by acquiring and man- She pointed out that the Finnish so- sire of Fingrid and TVO to contribute to aging for example gas turbine capaci- ciety will need versatile energy sources improved operating conditions of soci- ty,” he said. together with energy production which ety, security of supply of electricity, and The total capacity of Fingrid’s own re- corresponds to consumption. Alongside safe operation of nuclear power. serve power plants is now 615 mega- this, the system security of the power watts. system is of utmost importance to all Reserves ensuring “Reserve power plants will have to functions of society. system security be constructed also in the future, and “Suffi cient and reliable supply of elec- Fingrid intends to construct some 200 tricity is absolutely necessary for the In his speech, Fingrid’s President and megawatts of additional capacity by modern Finnish society,” Minister Holm- CEO Jukka Ruusunen described the 2012–2013. Reserve power must be in- lund said.

11 creased in line with the construction of new large power plant units. This is a great challenge for Fingrid, and its total annual capital investments in the near future will rise to 100–200 million euros. The capital investment costs of the Olkiluoto Gas Turbine Power Plant have totalled about 50 million euros,” Jukka Ruusunen stated.

Considerable synergy beneﬁ ts

TVO’s President and CEO Pertti Simo- la emphasised the considerable synergy beneﬁ ts brought by the new Gas Tur- bine Plant. According to Pertti Simola, the construction of the Olkiluoto Gas Turbine “The construction of this plant rep- Power Plant represents an innovative co-operation approach. resents an innovative co-operation approach, as a result of which one plus one is more than two. We have reached a Pertti Simola added that safety comes yet another backup to the emergen- cost effective and reliable technical so- ﬁ rst and foremost in all of TVO’s opera- cy power supply of our nuclear power lution which will meet fully the require- tions. “The Gas Turbine Plant is extreme- plant units,” said Pertti Simola. ments of both Fingrid and TVO.” ly well suited to this culture. It provides

Olkiluoto Gas Turbine Power Plant

The generators were manufactured by sponsible for the system security of the the German Siemens AG. The plant uses Finnish power system, Fingrid needs a sulphur-free light fuel oil. so-called fast disturbance reserve of a The plant reaches its full capacity of certain magnitude to prevent a poten- 100 megawatts in less than seven min- tial system disturbance from escalat-

utes from start. ing into a nationwide disturbance. The

Merviö Martti by Photograph The unmanned plant can be started Olkiluoto plant is a signiﬁ cant addition and stopped by remote control from to the fast disturbance reserve. he heart of the Olkiluoto Gas Fingrid’s Power System Control Centre For TVO, the plant secures the sup- Turbine Power Plant is formed in Helsinki and from the control rooms ply of external power to the nucle- Tby two 50 megawatt TwinPac of the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant ar power plant units also in the very aggregates representing proven tech- units OL1 and OL2, and in the future rare situation where electricity cannot nology, delivered by MAN TURBO AG. also from the new unit OL3. TVO is re- be supplied from the nation-wide grid Both units contain two gas turbines and sponsible for the local control and oper- through any of the existing connec- one generator which are coupled up. ation as well as maintenance of the Gas tions. The connection to the Gas Tur- The turbines manufactured by Pratt Turbine Plant. bine Plant is thus an additional backup & Whitney from the USA have been de- The Olkiluoto Gas Turbine Plant for power supply for the nuclear pow- veloped from an aeroplane jet engine. serves both Fingrid and TVO. Being re- er plant units.

FINGRID 3/2007 12 IN BRIEF

Fenno-Skan 2 will be postponed by one year

The time schedule for the new HVDC interconnection between Fin- land and Sweden (Fenno-Skan 2) has been changed. The expected start of commercial operation is 30 No- vember 2011. The postponement is mainly due to difﬁ culties in subma- Tuomo Kouti. rine cable delivery.

Due to the huge world market de-

Photograph by Photograph mand for submarine cable intercon- Place where the submarine cable will go on land in Sweden. nectors, no cable manufacturer was able to meet the required time sched- continue, and the agreement on the a direct current link. The total length ule. All manufacturing capacity is en- procurement of Fenno-Skan 2 is ex- of the link will be approx. 270 kilo- gaged with other ongoing submarine pected early next year. metres, of which the actual submarine cable projects. The next available man- Fenno-Skan 2 will be an 800 mega- cable will account for some 200 kilo- ufacturing slot allows the start of pro- watt and 500 kilovolt electricity trans- metres. The extension will be carried duction in late 2009. mission connection between Finland out in co-operation between Fingrid The negotiations with manufactures and Sweden. The connection will be Oyj and Svenska Kraftnät.

New transmission connection also secure the grid connections of the from Olkiluoto to Huittinen present Olkiluoto power plant units. commissioned Earlier, there were three 400 kilovolt lines from the Olkiluoto power plant to A signiﬁ cant new transmission nearby substations. Now there are six connection in the Finnish grid from lines. Until the completion of the third Olkiluoto to Huittinen in Western Fin- nuclear power unit, the additional lines land was commissioned on 26 October will be used for reducing the transmis- 2007. The project with a total value sion losses in the grid.

Juhani Eskelinen. of approx. 36 million euros included The overall project encompassed not almost 100 kilometres of new trans- only the construction of the new 65- mission line with various line arrange- kilometre transmission line but also sev- ments. eral subprojects such as the new Olkiluo-

Photograph by to and Huittinen substations, expansion The new line will enable the connec- of the existing substation in Olkiluo- A set of landscape towers was erected tion of the upcoming Olkiluoto nuclear to, line arrangements between Olkiluo- at Lapijoki in Eurajoki near the E8 power unit to the grid and the transmis- to, Junnala in Eurajoki and Lapijoki, and road. The towers are illuminated by sion of electricity from the plant to con- modiﬁ cation work on the 110 kilovolt means of LEDs. sumption. The arrangements carried out double circuit line Olkiluoto–Rauma.

13 Fingrid’s control centre in new facilities

Large flat displays and control desks resembling navigation bridges on ships create an impressive view. When you listen to the expert describing the functions taking place behind the desks, you become convinced: This is a place of important work.

Text by Tiina Miettinen Photographs by Juhani Eskelinen

he place in question is Huhta, Manager of Power System Con- Displays and paintings Fingrid’s modernised trol Centre. Power System Control The renovation not only concerns new The large displays in the control centre Centre in the heart of furniture and surface materials. In fact, indicate the state of the power system Helsinki. The control almost everything in the control centre in Finland. Information on production centreT was renovated during the sum- is new, because the renovation was car- and consumption volumes, active and mer and early autumn. For some time, ried out in conjunction with the updat- reactive power of power plants, meas- the duties were managed in the simu- ing of the operation control system and urement data and status data on sub- lator room, but the new facilities have related hardware purchases. stations and many other things are been in use since mid-October. There is now much more room avail- updated on the screens in real time. “We had to carry out the modernisa- able for working than before. Ad- To counterbalance the large displays tion, becausebeca the old control cen- vanced display technology with fl at needed in the work, the opposite wall tre hadhad been in operation for 10 screens has provided much more desk will house paintings by Paavo Pelvo to yearsyears in three-shift work. This space. The renovation also enabled the make the room increasingly comfort- correspondscorrespo to a 30-year ser- placing of computers behind the dis- able. In his works, Pelvo depicts birds vicevice life oof an ordinary offi ce. The plays in a separate space. and forest animals. The paintings do desksdesks were so worn that the “This brought down the noise level not represent typical art purchased for guysguys used to get splinters in the control room considerably. It is public premises, but that was not the in ttheir hands. It was also surprising how much noise the comput- intention, either. impossibleimp to fi nd spare ers emitted. You don’t notice it until the “The control centre is not a public partspa for the old large computers are somewhere else. Now you space available for visits, but it is a work screens,”s says Reijo can answer the telephone in a normal room. We have also wanted to make it a voice,” Reijo Huhta says. functional and pleasant place for the operating personnel of 14 persons working in three shifts. We listened to the employ- ees’ opinions when we were selecting the Reijo Huhta, Manager of Power System Control Centre. works of art,” Reijo Huhta says. FINGRID 3/2007 14 Pasi Kaunisto (in the foreground) and Jani Pelvo are satisfi ed with the functioning of the renovated control centre and with the reduced noise level.

24/7 control “We had to carry out the modernisation, because the old control centre had been in operation The control centre attends to the state for 10 years in three-shift work.” of the power system 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. When asked about the rou- ry objective in balance management in state of reliable operation at all times. tines of control centre operators, Reijo the inter-Nordic system is to maintain The system must endure a single fault,” Huhta lists many daily duties relating to the power system frequency, which de- Reijo Huhta says. balance management and supervision scribes the balance between electricity of the power system. production and consumption. The pow- Flow of information “In balance management, the work er system is in imbalance if the planned mainly comprises keeping contact with electricity production cannot match the The transmission grid in Finland is mon- the electricity market parties and plac- actual consumption. itored and controlled from Fingrid’s ing orders for regulating power in order “When the power system is in balance, control centres using an operation con- to maintain the balance between elec- the frequency in the grid is 50 Hz. The trol system, which sends measurement, tricity consumption and production. frequency can vary between 49.9 and state and event information on the pow- The electricity exchange must be sup- 50.1 Hz. If the frequency of the grid is er system to the control centres. Meas- plied with correct information on Fin- below 50 Hz, consumption exceeds pro- urement information includes powers land, in other words data on prices, vol- duction. Correspondingly, when the fre- transmitted on the transmission lines, umes, production, consumption and quency is above 50 Hz, production is voltages at substations, and production imports,” Reijo Huhta says. greater than consumption.” powers of power plant generators. “In a normal situation, we carry out Power balance is maintained by means The control centres can send control regulation to control frequency. If there of frequency-controlled reserves and commands to various actuators, for ex- is congestion on the cross-border lines manual regulation. Manual up-regula- ample to open or close circuit breakers on the western border of Finland, Fin- tion or down-regulation is carried out in or to start or stop gas turbines. land has to be regulated into an area of the regulating power market. Measured information and events in its own.” “The purpose of power system con- the power system are also stored for lat- According to Reijo Huhta, the prima- trol is to ensure that the system is in a er analyses such as grid planning.

15 PIRKANPYLVÄS in Lempäälä provided with lights

A special-design transmission line tower located in Lempäälä close to the Helsinki - Tampere motorway obtained a lighting system at sunset on 1 November.

Text by Leni Lustre-Pere Photographs by Juhani Eskelinen

he dark blue trans- the diameter of the pillar rising to mission line tow- a height of approx. three metres er named Pirkan- is almost four metres. Tpylväs is part of the 400 kilovolt line running from Fingrid has more than a doz- Ulvila to Kangasala. en individually-designed landscape towers in Finland. The set Designed by Interior Designer of towers referred to as “Sinikur- Jorma Valkama, the tower sof- jet” (Blue Cranes) in Espoo is tens the scenic impacts of the best known of these. transmission line which crosses the busy motorway. The tower Landscape towers are plac- which soars to a height of more ed in selected locations where than 62 metres has become an the transmission line structures established landmark in the re- The lighting of illumination for the ﬁ rst time was cross scenically delicate areas gion. observed from a bridge running over the motorway. or busy roads, such as at Lem- päälä. Landscape towers cost The lighting designed for the tower about ﬁ ve to six times more highlights its contours also during the is completed by two spotlights installed than ordinary towers used in transmis- dark hours of the day. The lighting sys- in the ground. sion lines. tem planned by Ilkka Volanen includes 32 module-controlled kinetic RGB lights Pirkanpylväs is a unique massive installed in the body. The power of each steel tower adapted to the surrounding light is 50 watts. The lights also feature scenery, weighing 65 tonnes. Its footing 30/50 degree scatter lenses. The system which rises one metre above ground level has dimensions of 11 x 7 metres, and

FINGRID 3/2007 16 Ritva Laine, Project Manager for the tower project, and Fingrid’s Executive Vice President Kari Kuusela.

Hannu Kiviaho, Chairman of the Technical Committee of Lempäälä, gave a speech on be- half of the Municipality of Lempäälä. The person sitting is Henna Levomäki, who has named the special-design tower.

17 Grid ABC

This article series deals with the main operating principles, equipment units and components in the main grid. The articles published in the series previously can be viewed on our website at www.ﬁ ngrid.ﬁ .

HUUTOKOSKI RESERVE POWER PLANT Frequency-controlled disturbance reserve consists of active power reserve at power plants, activated automatically by a change in frequency, and of loads Fuel tanks which can be shed. Fast disturbance reserve consists of manually-activated gas turbine capacity which is managed by Fingrid and of shed loads which must be capable of being activated in 15 min- Fuel pumping station utes. Fingrid Oyj’s Power System Con- trol Centre starts the gas turbine capacity and sheds the loads in the event of disturbances. Gas turbine facility

Fast disturbance reserve is used for restoring the power balance of the grid Control room in the event of a grid or production disturbance and to reduce electricity trans- missions if the transmission limits have been exceeded. Fast disturbance reserve Flue gas duct Air supply Lubrication oil cooler Main transformer 110/10 kV is also used for restoring the activated frequency control reserve and the po- tentially activated disturbance reserve, Reserve power plants after which the power system is in a state which withstands a new potential disturbance. Reserve power plants ensure the functioning Some of Fingrid’s reserve power plants of the power system in Finland in the event of a have a black start feature. Such plants failure at power plants or in the grid. can start into a dead grid without external electricity supply. In the event of Text by Toni Loivakari a major disturbance, the black start feature can restore voltage to the grid. If there is no voltage available in Finland, reparations for disturbance the primary goal is to obtain it from a situations in the power sys- 400 kilovolt substation in Sweden. tem comprise frequency- Pcontrolled disturbance re- Fingrid controls a total of 746 mega- serve and fast disturbance reserve. Re- watts of reserve power plant capacity. Of serve power plants are part of fast dis- this, 615 megawatts are its own capacity turbance reserve. and 131 megawatts are rented through

FINGRID 3/2007 18 contracts giving right of use. Fingrid al runs intend to ensure that the plants the gas turbine power plants are light owns 10 reserve power plants with a to- can be started reliably. Remote starting fuel oil and jet fuel. tal of 21 units. The newest addition to from the Power System Control Centre The effi ciency of gas turbines in the re- the reserve power capacity was obtained always starts the plant directly to full serve power plants is poor because only this year with the introduction of the capacity. The plants can also be start- their electric power is utilised. The fl ue Olkiluoto Gas Turbine Plant of approx. ed locally, either from a control panel or gases which exit the unit are hot, i.e. 100 megawatts. computer terminal. they are not exploited. The produc- Most of the reserve power plants were The reserve power plants are usually tion of one megawatt hour of electric- constructed more than 30 years ago. started locally in conjunction with ser- ity roughly takes about 350 litres of oil Naturally, the control systems have been vice. In this case, the gas turbine is ini- when the unit is run at full power. (The upgraded during this time to ensure tially run idle. This is to make sure that effi ciency is slightly better at the new that the plants remain operational. The everything is alright before proceed- gas turbine power plant in Olkiluoto.) plants have been in operation for very ing to synchronisation and switching to Effi ciency deteriorates rapidly when the short periods of time, which is why their feed power into the grid. All the stag- unit is run at partial loads. Because of main machinery (power turbine and es required by starting from the starting the high fuel consumption, the reserve generator) is primarily in a good con- of auxiliary systems to synchronisation power plants need to store considerable dition. with the grid and further to full-power amounts of fuel for the necessary run- operation take place automatically. ning time. Each plant has suffi cient fuel The reserve power plants are avia- for at least 36 hours of operation. The tion gas turbines (17 units) and indus- The reserve power plant units are fuel supplies contain a total of approx. trial gas turbines (4 units). Aviation gas operated for about 10 hours a year, 10,000 cubic metres of fuel. turbines utilise engines which were orig- mostly in trial runs. The fuels used in inally used for gas generation for aero- planes and which have later been modifi ed for land uses. An aviation engine serves as a gas generator, and electricity production is based on a power turbine located on a separate shaft, installed after the gas turbine to utilise the thrust of the engine. The advantage of aviation gas turbines over industrial gas turbines is that if the gas generator fails, it can be replaced with a new one quickly. The starting Operating principle of power plant with aviation gas turbine speed of aviation gas turbines to full power is approx. 5 minutes and approx. The gas generator (1) contains a low-pressure compressor (2) and a high-pres- 10 minutes with industrial gas turbines. sure compressor (3) connected in series. These feed compressed air into the combustion chambers (4), into which also fuel is injected for combustion to take place. Trial runs are performed at the re- The resulting hot combustion gas expands in the compressor turbines (5) and (6), serve power plants at intervals of 4 to each of which drives its own compressor by means of shafts located within each 6 weeks. The trial runs are started from other. The gas fl ow continues via a diffuser into the power turbine (7), which drives the operation control system. The tri- the generator (8) by means of a shaft.

19 Weekend in the OLD STYLE

Old cars are a hobby that easily captivates you. Last and a colleague of mine ﬁ rst got the idea of a summer trip to Swe- summer, the style of a world gone by drew Fingrid’s den to the Old Style Weekend in transmission line specialist Mika Kuivalainen with I the Christmas party of our com- his friends to Uddevalla in Sweden to the Old Style pany last year. Weekend of old car enthusiasts. The eventful 2,000- “Will your Plymouth be complete kilometre drive was done in a Ford from 1939. enough for the trip by then?” my friend asked. Text and photographs by Mika Kuivalainen, Mika Viitanen and Juha Vornanen “I don’t think so, but let’s take your Ford,” I replied. “That’s a deal!” we decided together. The trip seemed interesting, so we started planning it right away. We also had to recondition the Ford to be a little more reliable; the previous longer trip had come to an end after 50 kilo-

FINGRID 3/2007 20 A lot of tools were reserved for the trip. Mika Kuivalainen (on the right) and Mika Viitanen making the preparations. During the weekend, the venue area was fi lled with some 300 old cars. metres as a result of a blown cylinder head gasket. The Ford we were going to use for den, but it was decided that the number ber bumpers. Then we headed for Turku the drive had been registered most re- would be limited to three. There would and the harbour. cently in 1964. The motor was a 3.6-li- not be much room in the car, because Thursday 2 August. We arrived in tre L-head V-8 with 95 horse powers. the trunk would be fi lled with spare Stockholm as early as 6.30 in the morn- The electric voltage is six volts, and there parts and tools. ing. There was not much traffi c in the are three gears forward (the second gear Each one of us had worked on old cars city, so changing the lanes was easy: does not tend to stay engaged) and one since our teens, so we embarked on the just stick your arm out of the side win- reverse. The roadholding of the car has journey without the service vehicle of- dow. (The car does not have turn indi- been improved by lowering the chassis fered to us. cators.) by 10 centimetres. In other words, it is Tuesday 31 July. Juha Vornanen and Onwards towards Gothenburg. The driv- no museum vehicle. I started from Varkaus towards our fi rst ing was smooth on the motorway, and Old Style Weekend is only for cars stage Längelmäki. It was drizzling, and petrol consumption was high (as was and motorcycles manufactured before at Jyväskylä it started pouring with rain. the consumption of oil, as we came to 1956. Last summer, the event was ar- The windshield wipers of the car had not notice later). At best, we were doing 100 ranged for the 12th time, and it has ex- been installed, so we had to slow down kilometres per hour, and that was not panded from a meeting of a small group a bit. The rain repellant applied on the even all that the Ford had in it. of enthusiasts to a fairly large-scale windscreen seemed to do the trick. In the afternoon we stopped to have event lasting the whole weekend, with We were travelling at an average speed something to eat in a harbour restau- people driving long distances just to be of 75 km/h. After a while, we smelled rant in Mariestad. Our car seemed to there. the reek of burning in the car. Upon ex- interest tourists, who still did not ven- The event is arranged by a Swedish old- amining the matter under the hood, we ture on coming to talk to us. A small boy style hotrod club by the name of A- noticed that the smoke came from the said to his father: “Look Dad, a gang- Bombers. The venue is in Uddevalla in charger. We cooled down a while and ster car!” Southern Sweden. continued with less lights switched on. We arrived in Gothenburg just before Almost all cars participating in the In Längelmäki, we changed the cooling the evening. Amidst the busiest traf- Old Style Weekend are more or less system water because it had gathered fi c, the car lost its idle running, and the modifi ed; the common denominator is rust, and checked the oil. The oil surface motor had to be kept going by pressing an old style – no overtly decorated ve- had gone down somewhat. the gas pedal intermittently. Well, that’s hicles are allowed in the area, no matter Wednesday 1 August. In Kangasala, easy to fi x. We pulled over and lifted the how old they would be. we picked up some tools, supplies and hood. After investigating the problem There were several guys we knew who the third member of our crew, Mika Vii- for a while, we adjusted the carburet- would have liked to join the trip to Swe- tanen. The tail of the car sank because tor a little, and lo and behold, the mo- of the weight and rested on the rub-

21 in just any shop. We embarked on the return journey at a moderate speed, because we still remembered the brake problems encountered on Saturday. Un- like some other problems, the brakes had not improved while the Ford had rested overnight. So, we continued towards Stockholm by stopping frequently to cool the brakes. The brake cylinders were also tuned on one occasion. As a result A magnifi cent Coupe Ford. of all this, we had to abandon the idea of tor worked perfectly. The car spent the There were 32 cars in the race, trying to crossing the Baltic Sea the same night. night in the hotel parking facility. reach the same time on the route which Monday 6 August. A hot day. We Friday 3 August. We wanted to add they drove through twice. The race had parked the car in Stockholm and walked some lubricants in the car in the morn- attracted a large audience and also cars in the city centre. We came to the har- ing and started looking for Roger’s spe- that had not been seen at the actual bour before the evening. cialist shop; we had seen its advertise- venue. Tuesday 7 August. Arriving in Turku in ment in a local hotrod magazine. We On the way back, we tried to trim the the early morning, we started the fi nal found the shop and got the suitable oil driver side brakes which dragged a lit- leg home. The constant driving, mon- grade. tle. On Saturday, the number of cars had itoring of oil pressure and cooling of Then we headed north towards the ven- grown from Friday; during the entire brakes started to make us weary. We un- ue some 70 kilometres away. As we left weekend, some 300 cars participated in loaded part of the cargo together with Gothenburg we drove back and forth on the event. There were also some Finnish Mika Viitanen in Kangasala. the large bridges just because they are so register plates. The smell of petrol emerged in the cab- impressive. The atmosphere in the area was very re- in. We examined the engine room and We also admired the maritime sceneries laxed and straightforward. We talked discovered that the base of the joint of along the way. Towards the afternoon, with many local and Norwegian car en- the petrol pump leaked slightly for some we started to spot other old cars, too. We thusiasts about cars and much more. reason. We tightened the joint. That arrived at the venue after four o’clock. We were invited to a couple of smaller didn’t help any, the smell continued. We There were already many cars there. We events next summer. continued cautiously. The brakes were picked a place at the side. The programme on Saturday evening cooled for the last time in Pieksämäki, More and more magnifi cent cars con- was pretty much like the one on Friday, and the Ford picked up speed as home verged on the area. Most of the cars although now there were more bands. approached. travelled noticeably close to the ground, I think the main performer came from We came home exactly one week after and many only had a primer paint on. Australia. Lights had been installed in starting the excursion. The Ford had cov- The great thing about this hobby is that the trees, and the old cars looked mag- ered 2,090 kilometres during the week. A you can also drive an incomplete car – in nifi cent in the twilight. The banging of good trip – glad we made it! fact, these things do not necessarily ever straight exhaust pipes could be heard get ready. The atmosphere became dens- every now and then. er towards the evening, and the sound of Sunday 5 August. We had some time a double bass started to emanate from before noon to do shopping in the stalls the main marquee, soon to change into and to admire the handicraft skills of oth- rock’n roll. er car devotees. Handiwork is an essential Saturday 4 August. The programme part of the old car hobby, because you in the afternoon included an uphill race. cannot always fi nd parts for the cars

FINGRID 3/2007 22 IN THE NET

Winter Others rely on peat; and indeed, they may really be down to earth. fi res Such people derive the power from the wisdom and energy of past forests. Utili- sing these is a slow process, but the persons in question think that they will learn something from it, too. Someone else drills oil wherever possible. The entire world is his energy fi eld, competition is stiff and yield is uncertain. But that person is driven by the visions and fury of for many for a long seeking, reclamation and utilisation. Who time. cares if the resources are not renewable and Yet others are like a torch, there is nothing left for posterity. modestly and secretly wise, There are also those who seek the ultimate which employs creativity whenever power. Energy must emerge and it must be needed. The precise and seemingly low-po- produced effi ciently. The mental effi ciency wered action of such persons reveals eve- must be high so that it is worth the while What a great idea! I see the light! ryday secrets even when the more intense being a human being and coming up with sources of light have failed. ideas. The risks are high – but isn’t the who- Creativity comes to us as light. In the dark- And someone else is the Gyro Gearloose of le life about a single great risk which peop- ness that surrounds us towards the end of the workplace, someone whose lamp does le tackle by means of the technology they the year, light is especially necessary and not really provide light but whose creativity have developed? welcome – and at a premium. You’re lucky is manifested in the resourcefulness of hu- just to have come up what to give peop- man relations and mastering of social situ- No matter whether the light of creativi- le for Christmas. You just cannot think of a ations. Such a person is an angel without ty is blindingly bright or steadily dim and single New Year’s resolution. The accounts wings but with an inventor’s hat. no matter whether the energy needed to have been closed. Your spouse is waving The essential thing is that people can produce it is high-yield or not, there is the summer travel brochures and deman- twinkle in their own way for most of their one thing to be hoped for: that the light ding you to make up your mind. lives. of insight would also illuminate right and Let me just crawl into my own bear’s lair, “Most” can refer to the biggest portion of wrong. where nothing new requires my opinion and time spent. On the other hand, people can Mere inventiveness, cleverness, resourceful- where nothing old obtrudes to bore me. endure amazingly much other types of work ness and skilfulness are not wisdom. Even or being if “most” is perceived through sig- the most ingenious creativity can create Resting and lazing about are a good foun- nifi cance and if the person has the facilities bad things – and in many cases just that. dation for the fl ood of intelligence and ide- to put his or her biggest and most impor- Light in itself is, of course, beautiful, but as. So that light would appear as light, dark- tant things into practice in a creative and the essential issue is what we use it to re- ness is needed at the background. Cand- good manner. veal and indicate. Creativity in itself is a gift lelight is wasted in sunshine. There is no but intended for sharing. point for anyone to go ahead at full speed In the energy balance of creativity, power is continuously. This does not produce light, also created from highly varied sources and I wish you pleasant moments in the twi- only debris. using very different types of resources. light! And wise thoughts beyond the win- Luckily, we all are different from each other. Some seek the most natural alternative in ter season and turn of the year towards the Creativity is refl ected in us in many ways. everything they do; the way of the water, light of spring. Maybe during this hiberna- Some are productive and tireless like a com- wind, a soft and ecological option. At the tion you inadvertently come to notice that bustion engine which makes all its energy same time, such a person must be prepared you emanate a natural shine and discover available. The pistons move constantly. Ide- to accept the risk that rain does not come how you can ensure that the energy requi- as are emitted, the journey continues, lights regularly and wind cannot be ordered; there red by this will be of a renewable sort from glimmer. is bound to be some energy defi ciency. You now on. Others are like a star which sacrifi ces itself need to be prepared to wait for the resour- in an immense one-off fl ash, which suffi ces ces to replenish.

Hilkka Olkinuora is the columnist of the Fingrid magazine. She presents herself as follows: “Minister and journalist from Tampere, wrote earlier of economy, nowadays also again a student. Also works at workplaces, and discusses electric encounters in this magazine.” This year, WE DONATE THE SUM RESERVED for our Christmas greetings to the Disaster Relief Fund of the FINNISH RED CROSS.

FINGRID OYJ

Arkadiankatu 23 B, P.O.Box 530, FI-00101 Helsinki • Tel +358 30 395 5000 • Fax +358 30 395 5196 • www.fingrid.fi

Helsinki Hämeenlinna Oulu Petäjävesi Varkaus P.O.Box 530 Valvomotie 11 Lentokatu 2 Sähkötie 24 Wredenkatu 2 FI-00101 Helsinki FI-13110 Hämeenlinna FI-90460 Oulunsalo FI-41900 Petäjävesi FI-78250 Varkaus Finland Finland Finland Finland Finland Tel. +358 30 395 5000 Tel. +358 30 395 5000 Tel. +358 30 395 5000 Tel. +358 30 395 5000 Tel. +358 30 395 5000 Fax +358 30 395 5196 Fax +358 30 395 5336 Fax + 358 30 395 5711 Fax +358 30 395 5524 Fax +358 30 395 5611