INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS
High performance solutions for textile auxiliaries
As a global leader in textile auxiliary chemicals and related technical solutions, Dow Industrial Solutions offer high performance products to meet our customers’ needs and future demand.
Our highly recognized brands in textile market include:
• ECOSURF™, TERGITOL™, TRITON™, DOWFAX™ Nonionic and Anionic Surfactants • CARBOWAX™ Polyethylene Glycols, Polypropylene Glycols • UCON™ and SYNALOX™ Polyalkylene Glycols • DOWANOL™, CARBITOL™, CELLOSOLVE™ Glycol Ether Solvents • ECOFAST™ Sustainable Textile Treatment • Ethyleneamines (EAs), Ethanolamines (EOAs), and Specialty Alkanolamines • VERSENE™, VERSENEX™, VERSENOL™ Chelants • ACUMER™ and ACUSOL™ Specialty Polymers • DOWTHERM™ Fluids
Our products help customers during each key step of textile processing:
Natural fiber
Natural polymer: Fiber Semi-synthetic Rayon, modal, fiber bamboo fiber, etc. production
Synthetic polymer: Synthetic fiber Polyester, nylon (polyamide), acrylic, spandex, etc.
Other Textile applications processing
Yarn Fabric Dyeing and Pretreatment After-treatment production making printing
2 Yarn production/fabric making High-performance spin finish oil helps lubricant fiber, balances fiber co-efficiency, performs static protection, improves bundle cohesion and assures thermal stability. Dow UCON™/SYNALOX™ base lubricant products greatly improve lubricity of spin finish oil. Other Dow surfactants and polyglycol products can be used as emulsifiers and to improve wetting/penetrating properties.
Dow product recommended Key attributes or functions • Fully water soluble, ease of removing in downstream processing UCON™ 50-HB-170, 50-HB-260, 50-HB-400,50-HB-660 • Homogeneous structure, deliver low slide friction UCON™ 75-H-450, 75-H-1400, 75-H-90000 • Oxidation stability, less yellowing issue SYNALOX™ 50-30B, 50-50B • Clean burn off, low residue on heater surface • Be hygroscopic, help static control
ECOSURF™ SA & EH series • Wet the fiber TERGITOL™ CA & LA series • Emulsify mineral oil and lubricants TERGITOL™ 15-S series • Provide lubricity and anti-static function TRITON™ GR-5M
TERGITOL™ L series • Function as emulsifiers, lubricants and defoamers DOWFAX™ 63N10, 63N40, DF-141
CARBOWAX™ PEG 400 • Enhance miscibility, stabilize formulation CARBOWAX™ PEG 600 • Equilibrium modifier
3 Yarn/metal friction properties of UCON™ 75-H Lubricants
450 240 75-H-450 75-H-1400 75-H-90,000 200
160 1400
120 Friction force
90,000 80
40
0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 Speed (meters/min) 150denier/30filament PET yarn is applied
Characteristics of UCON™ 50-HB Lubricant in fiber finishing
Yarn-to-metal friction Yarn-to-yarn UCON™ Lubricant Low speed High speed Static generation Stick-slip1 50-HB-55, Inh Low Low Very low Moderate 50-HB-100 Low Low Very low Moderate 50-HB-170 Low Moderate Low Moderate 50-HB-260 Low Moderate Low Moderate 50-HB-660 Moderate High Low Moderate 1The difference between static and kinetic friction
4 Fabric making Key Functions of sizing agent • Decrease hairiness of yarn Hot water • Improve abrasion resistance of yarn • Reduce breakage of yarn
Drying
Sizing Prewetting
Sized yarn Unsized yarn
Dow product recommended Key attributes or functions
TRITON™ GR-5M • Wet/penetrate yarn TERGITOL™ CA-60, CA-90, 15-S-7, 15-S-9 • Emulsify fatty materials ECOSURF™ EH-6, EH-9, SA-7, SA-9 • Prevent shrinking or gelling of starch DOWFAX™ 2A1, etc
TERGITOL™15-S TERGITOL™ CA & LA • To less or erase static electricity ECOSURF™ SA, EH
DOWFAX™ DF • Function as foam control agents DOWFAX™ A or B
5 Pretreatment The pretreatment process eliminates sizing agents, oils, waxes, Based on the function requirement and application environment, seed hulls, soils, pectin and other impurities, and improves surfactants used in pretreatment auxiliaries should have the whiteness and feel of the fabric. following attributes: A typical pretreatment process includes three steps: de-sizing, • Compatible with enzymes/hard water/alkaline solutions/ scouring and bleaching. Currently, with the trend of short-turn and bleaches energy saving processes, some textile mills combine the three • Multi-Functions: detergents/wetting/emulsifying/dispersing/ steps into two or even one. Therefore, the involved surfactants rinsing aids must have enhanced performance to meet these requirements. • Bare high temperature • Foam not excessively Desizing In this application, surfactants play a key role in wetting and • Environmental friendly penetrating fabric, emulsifying and dispersing impurities, and thus providing effective detergency. Scouring
Mercerizing Bleaching
Dow product recommended Key attributes or functions TERGITOL™ CA-60, CA-90 TERGITOL™ LA-7, LA-9 • Wetting ECOSURF™ EH-6, EH-9 • Penetrating ECOSURF™ SA-7, SA-9 • Emulsifying TERGITOL™ 15-S-7,15-S-9 TERGITOL™ TMN-6,TMN-10 • Wetting TRITON™ GR-5M • Penetrating ECOSURF™ LF-45 • Low foam wetting TERGITOL™ MINFOAM 1X • Low foam penetrating ECOSURF™ LFE-635 DOWFAX™ 2A1, 8390 • High alkaline resistance DOWFAX ™ AS-801 • Cleaning/Detergency • High alkaline resistance TRITON™ APG series • Wetting • Penetrating
DOWFAX™ C6L • Solubilize conventional and low foam nonionic and TRITON™ H-55, H-66, H-11 anionic surfactants
Scouring performance of mixture of TERGITOL™ CA and DOWFAX™ anionic Scouring agent Scouring results Formulation 1~5 is composed of DOWFAX™ 8390 or 2A1, Active Capillary effect TERGITOL™ CA and Water Benchmark is a popular scouring Scouring agent content (cm, 5 min, 25°C) agent in the market. Formulation 1 ~50% 8.0 7.9 Scouring experiment Formulation 2 ~50% 8.0 8.1 NaOH(100%): 20g/L Scouring agent: 2g/L Formulation 3 ~50% 7.9 7.9 Bath Ratio: 20 Formulation 4 ~50% 7.8 7.9 Temperature: 95ºC Time:1h Formulation 5 ~50% 8.0 7.9 Fabric: Knitted cotton/urethane Benchmark ~50% 6.7 7.1 Composition of TERGITOL™ CA and DOWFAX™ anionic are better than benchmark in scouring effects 6 Dyeing and printing Dyeing auxiliaries are important for good leveling, uniform, live, and homogenous dyeing
Dyeing auxiliaries Dye types Functions
Reactive dye Leveling agents To control the speed of the dyeing process To make dyes on the fabric be uniform Dispersing dye
Disperse dye Dispersing agent To disperse insoluble dyes and pigments well in dyeing solutions Pigment
Reactive dye To increase functional groups with dyes on fabric, thus to improve wet fastness of Fixing agent Direct dye fabrics Acid dye
Leveling agent Key attributes or functions Dow product recommended
ECOSURF ™ SA-9, SA-15 Promote thorough wetting of the fabric TERGITOL ™ 15-S-12,15-S-15
Establish an equilibrium between the dye in the bath, the dye/surfactant micelles, TRITON ™ RW-150 and the dye on the surface of the fiber DOWFAX ™ 2A1, 8390
DOWFAX ™ DF-112, DF-114 Provide foam control, particularly in jet dyeing DOWFAX ™ 63N40 TERGITOL ™ L-64
Dispersing agent Key attributes or functions Dow product recommended DOWFAX™ 2A1/8390 + ECOSURF™ SA-15 Disperse well under high temperature TERGITOL™ XD Other EO/PO copolymer
Improve solubility and dispersion of dyestuffs ACUMER™ 6100, 6200 Enable a better wash-off effectiveness ACUSOL™ 445N, 479N, 610N
Fixing agent (raw material) Key attributes or functions Dow product recommended Improve wet color fastness DEA, TEA Long Roadmap with different categories EDA, DETA, TEPA Dow amines can be as raw material to prepare fixing agent AEP
7 ECOFAST™ Pure sustainable textile treatment —Addressing cotton dyeing challenges
Brighter, bolder, longer, More sustainable Unique colors lasting colors operations
Untreated cotton
ECOFAST™ Pure
• Brighter hues • Access a new dye class • Water • Energy • Same shade • Broaden color range • Dye • Chemicals • Better color fastness
Textile printing is the process of applying color (dyes or pigments) to fabrics in a designed way Categories by several ways
Dow product recommended Key attributes or functions
TERGITOL™ CA-60, CA-90 In pigment paste: ECOSURF™ EH-6, EH-9 • Wetting ECOSURF™ LF-30, LF-45 • Dispersing
DOWFAX™ 2A1, 8390 TERGITOL™ CA-90 • Emulsifier in printing paste binder ECOSURF™ EH-9, EH-40 • Emulsifier in thickener TERGITOL™ 15-S-9, 15-S-20, 15-S-30, 15-S-40 DOWFAX™ AS-801
ECOSURF™ EH-40 • Stabilizer in printing paste binder UCON™ EO/PO copolymer
TRITON™ GR-5M ECOSURF™ EH-6, EH-9, SA-7, SA-9 TERGITOL™ CA-60, CA-90 • Wetting TERGITOL™ 15-S-7, 15-S-9 TRITON™ HW-1000
8 After-treatment Textile softener — Basics • TETA (Triethylenetetramine) • TEPA (Tetraethylenepentamine) • To impart softness and improve wear feeling • HPAx (Heavy polyamine X) • Softener shares a large portion of finishing agent in textiles • Several softener types, two typical: soft flake (oil) and silicone Silicone softener is one of the most important after-treatment softener agents, which brings fabric products significantly differentiated fabric feel. Dow provides various solutions as emulsifiers or Dow provides multiple ethyleneamines as intermediates for silicone softener production. raw material to prepare soft flakes/oils • DETA (Diethylenetriamine) • AEEA (Aminoethylethanolamine) • AEP (Aminoethylpiperazine)
Silicone type Key attributes or functions Dow product recommended TERGITOL™ TMN-3, TMN-6, TMN-10 High emulsification efficiency Dimethyl silicone oil TERGITOL™ CA-30, CA-60, CA-90 Good wetting property Hydroxyl ended silicone oil TERGITOL™ LA-4, LA-7, LA-9 Good hand feeling of fabric finished Amino silicone oil ECOSURF™ EH-3, EH-6, EH-9 Not foam too much ECOSURF™ SA-4, SA-7, SA-9
High purity Polyether modified silicone oil APAG/APEG High capped ratio of functional group
Introduce special functional groups Specialty polyether EDA As linkers into the molecular Linear blocked silicones PIP Isopropyl alcohol As solvents Glycol ether
9 Silicones for finishing/softening Silicone polymers and emulsions – Features/benefits • Provides a “premium” soft hand feel • Forms micro emulsions easily • Excellent fiber to fiber lubrication • Exhaustible • Good stretch and recovery • Low-medium yellowing (depending on type) • Improved elasticity and resiliency • Hydrophobic or hydrophilic (depending on type) • Excellent drape • Good durability Silicone fluid products for finishing/softening
Product Key features Hand Type of hand
Modified amino functional silicone, excellent high-shear stability and XIAMETER™ durable press bath compatibility, improved alkaline stability and anionic •••• Natural, silky OFX-8803 Fluid compatibility
XIAMETER™ Bulky, unique hand feel; premium soft and slippery, low yellowing ••••• Natural, bulky OFX-8058 Fluid
XIAMETER™ Premium softness and wet touch, easy-to-make stable emulsion ••••• Greasy OFX-8417 Fluid
XIAMETER™ Premium softness and greasy hand feel ••••• Greasy OFX-8468 Polymer
XIAMETER™ Premium softness and greasy hand feel ••••• Greasy OFX-8460 Fluid
XIAMETER™ Premium softness ••••• Greasy OFX-8822 Fluid
XIAMETER™ Premium softness with minimal impact on fabric whiteness •••• Silky, bouncy OFX-8630 Fluid
Premium softness and smoothness, low yellowing, easy-to-make stable DOWSIL™ FZ-3785 ••••• Smooth, soft emulsion
XIAMETER™ General purpose, cost-effective amino functional softener •••• Greasy OFX-8209A Fluid
XIAMETER™ Premium softness, high level of slippery, easy-to-make stable emulsion ••••• Greasy OFX-3710 Fluid
XIAMETER™ Very good softness and cost-effectiveness, lower yellowing than •••• Silky OFX-8040A Fluid conventional amino functional silicones
DOWSIL™ 0.8 N% content, premium softness, easy to make emulsion ••••• Silky, bouncy OP-8550 Additive
10 Silicones for finishing/softening Silicone emulsion products for finishing/softening
Product Functional group Performance Fabric
XIAMETER™ PET, PET/Cotton, Cotton, Nylon, Amino + OH Highest slip MEM-8031 Emulsion PET/Wool
XIAMETER™ Amino + OH Softness, stretch-back PET, Cotton, Nylon, PET/Wool MEM-8797 Emulsion
XIAMETER™ Softness, good stretchback Amino + OH + epoxy Cotton, Nylon, PET/Wool MEM-8865 Emulsion and whiteness
Good compatibility and XIAMETER™ Amino + OH + SPE + epoxy whiteness, elastomeric, PET, Cotton, Nylon MEM-8708 Emulsion softness
XIAMETER™ Good compatibility, Epoxy PET, Cotton, Nylon MEM-8715 Emulsion whiteness, elastomeric
Silicone fluid products for hydrophilic finishing/softening
Product Key features Hand Type of hand
XIAMETER™ Durable, wash-resistant softness, hydrophilic, low to non-yellowing •••• Soft OFX-8600 Fluid
XIAMETER™ Premium hydrophilic softener, very low or non-yellowing •••• Natural OFX-8800 Fluid
XIAMETER™ Self-emulsifying, very good hydrophilicity; good softness, excellent high- •••• Natural, Silky OFX-7700 Fluid shear stability and pH stability, low impact on fabric whiteness
XIAMETER™ Hydrophilic, softness and durability, very low impact on fabric whiteness •••• Natural OFX-8505 Fluid
11 Thermal fluids in textile processing DOWTHERM™ synthetic organic fluids offer exceptional thermal stability and heat transfer efficiency. This stability can translate into more efficient heat transfer, longer fluid life and optimum operating economics. DOWTHERM™ A and DOWTHERM™ RP are widely used in chemical fiber production including polyester, nylon(polyamide), acrylic and spandex. DOWTHERM™ T is an ideal heating fluid in dye and printing process to ensure consistent product quality.
Dow product recommended Key attributes or functions • Maximum recommended film temperature 427ºC (800ºF) • Recommended temperature range in liquid phase operation from 15ºC (60ºF) to 400ºC DOWTHERM™ A (750ºF) and in vapor phase from 257ºC (495ºF) to 400ºC (750ºF) • With low viscosity and freezing point of 12ºC (54ºF), can be used without steam tracing in installations protected from the weather • Used in pressure less or low-pressure system • Maximum bulk temperature of 350ºC (660ºF) and a maximum film temperature of 375ºC DOWTHERM™ RP (710ºF) • Degrade primarily to low molecular weight products and can be used to top up other low pressure fluids in some cases • A mixture of C14-C30 alkyl benzene for liquid phase operation in nonpressurized system • Optimum maximum temperature of 288ºC (550ºF) and can be used to an extended bulk tem- DOWTHERM™ T perature of 316ºC (600ºF) • Good low temperature properties for low temperature start-up and good thermal stability
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