DOCSLIB.ORG

Astrebla Spp. Scientific Name  Astrebla Elymoides F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Astrebla Spp. Scientific Name  Astrebla Elymoides F Tropical Forages Astrebla spp. Scientific name Astrebla elymoides F. Muell. ex F.M. Bailey Astrebla lappacea (Lindl.) Domin Astrebla pectinata (Lindl.) F. Muell. Bull Mitchell grassland, Longreach, Australia Astrebla squarrosa C.E. Hubb. Bull Mitchell grass (A. squarrosa) Subordinate taxon: Astrebla pectinata (Lindl.) F. Muell. var. curvifolia F.M. Bailey Synonyms A. lappacea: Basionym: Danthonia lappacea Lindl.; Astrebla triticoides (Lindl.) F. Muell.; Danthonia triticoides Lindl. Mature plants A. pectinata: Basionym: Danthonia pectinata Lindl. Inflorescence Bull Mitchell grass (A. Family/tribe squarrosa) Family: Poaceae (alt. Gramineae) subfamily: Chloridoideae tribe: Cynodonteae. Morphological description Strongly tufted perennial grasses growing to 1 m tall, culms erect or ascending, arising from scaly bases. Rhizomes short or absent. Ligule a ciliolate membrane or fringe of hairs; leaf blades rolled in bud, narrow. Inflorescence a terminal spike or spike-like raceme, Curly Mitchell grass (A. lappacea) solitary or paired. Roots wiry, dual system comprising shallow roots to utilise surface moisture from lighter Inflorescence Bull Mitchell grass rainfall and a deep (>200 cm) system to access subsoil moisture. Species A. elymoides (hoop Mitchell): tussock to 50 cm. Stems thin, palatable. Leaf blades linear, attenuate, 12‒35 cm × 0.3‒0.5 cm, glabrous, glaucous, surface ribbed, margins scaberulous, not curling as plant hays off. Spike-like racemes solitary, 12‒35 cm long, narrow, straight, or arcuate, hooping (weeping) towards the ground when Inflorescence Barley Mitchell grass (A. pectinata) mature. Spikelet >4 mm wide, appressed to rachis. A. lappacea (curly Mitchell): tussock to 50 cm, erect, or Inflorescence Curly Mitchell grass (A. lappacea) decumbent. Stems thin, palatable. Leaf blades linear- oblong, acute, 10‒20 cm × 0.4‒0.5 cm, mostly glabrous, glaucous, curling distinctly as plant hays off. Spike-like racemes single or paired, straight or slightly arcuate; unilateral, 5‒30 cm long, usually held within the foliage. Spikelet >4 mm wide, bristly and loosely arranged along the seed head in an alternate pattern. A. pectinata (barley Mitchell): tussock to 80 cm. Stems coarse, moderately palatable. Leaf blades linear, Inflorescence Barley Mitchell grass (A. Hoop Mitchell grass (A. elymoides) attenuate, 7.5‒25 cm × 0.3‒0.6 cm, flat, glaucous, often pectinata) twisted, surface ribbed, sparsely pubescent with tubercular-based hairs; margins scaberulous. Spike-like racemes single, straight, 4‒13 cm long, held above foliage on long, erect culm. Spikelet >4 mm wide, tightly packed in 2 distinct rows against straight rachis. A. squarrosa (bull Mitchell): tussock to 100 cm. Stems coarse, relatively unpalatable. Leaf-blades 15–30 cm × 0.3–0.6 cm, scabrous, rough adaxially, margins scaberulous; distinct, whitish mid-vein on the upper Seed units surface. Racemes single, unilateral, straight, 7‒18 cm long, Spikelets >4 mm wide, long silky hairs at base, prickly by virtue of distinct hooks at end of awn. Inflorescence Hoop Mitchell grass (A. elymoides) Common names English: A. elymoides: hoop Mitchell grass, slender Mitchell grass, weeping Mitchell grass, wire Mitchell grass A. lappacea: curly Mitchell grass, common Mitchell grass, wheat Mitchell grass, wheat-ear Mitchell grass A. pectinata: barley Mitchell grass A. squarrosa: bull Mitchell grass, wheat-ear Mitchell grass Distribution Native: Australasia: Australia – A. lappacea, A. pectinata (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia) – A. elymoides, A. squarrosa (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia) Uses/applications Forage Valuable native pasture over large areas on clay soils of arid northern and mid-latitude Australia. Acts as standing hay preserved by the dry atmosphere and absence of rainfall during the cool dry season. Winter rain in southern Astrebla grasslands leads to fungal blackening of the dry leaf and deterioration of nutritive value. Environment Seed has been harvested to restore Mitchell grasslands after cropping. Astrebla pectinata seed advertised for sale in India. Ecology Soil requirements Native of heavy cracking clay soils in the arid zone of northern Australia, usually with high pH and free limestone. Some tolerance to salinity. Moisture Best development occurs in areas receiving between 250 and 550 mm annual rainfall. Very drought-tolerant due to their robust root system, although many plants die in extremely dry periods. A. elymoides is found on moister depressions; the coarse A. squarrosa is dominant in seasonally flooded country usually in northern Australia; A. pectinata is susceptible to flooding and is common in more arid areas where soils do not crack as severely; and A. lappacea is more common in eastern Mitchell grass downs of Queensland. Temperature They produce most of their growth in the warm season, requiring temperatures between 25 °C and 35 °C for optimum germination and growth. They make limited growth following effective winter rainfall, but no growth below 15 °C. Their natural environment extends from about 18° to 28°30' S and to 1,000 m asl. A. pectinata is susceptible to frost. Growth has usually ceased before frosts are experienced because summer soil moisture is usually exhausted. Light Full sunlight. Reproductive development Flowering is independent of photoperiod, occurring at almost any time of year in response to rainfall. Defoliation Astrebla spp. respond well to moderate grazing or cutting which tends to stimulate tillering and seed production. As they age, both the number and size of inflorescences are reduced, although cutting and irrigation may help to promote new growth. Astrebla spp. are generally tolerant of heavy grazing, although heavy grazing during prolonged drought can result in tussock death. Large scale seedling recruitment is rare. Fire Mitchell grass is rarely burned, being too valuable as a reserve of feed in an arid climate. However, it will recover well from fire in the absence of grazing following rain. Agronomy Guidelines for establishment and management of sown forages. Establishment Astrebla spp. are not easy to establish from seed, and sowings must be made on a full profile of soil moisture after a fallow. Seed can be sown into a seedbed or oversown and trampled in by livestock. Fertilizer While responses to nitrogenous fertilizer have been obtained, the use of any fertilizer on an Astrebla sward would not be economical in the arid environments where it grows. Compatibility (with other species) Robust tussocks growing in an arid zone result in strong competition, but the inter tussock spaces may be occupied by other grasses (perennial species Aristida spp., Dichanthium spp.and annual species of Iseilema, Dactyloctenium and Panicum). Some native legumes (e.g. Glycine spp. and Indigofera spp.) co-exist and a large range of C4 dicotyledoneous species. Winter rainfall in more southernly regions results in growth of a wide range of C3 forbs. Companion species Desmanthus spp. in lower latitudes, and in the higher latitudes with more winter rainfall, Medicago spp. have naturalized. Pests and diseases No information available. Ability to spread Large scale seedling recruitment is rare but localised spread does occur when seed is present. Weed potential Low. Feeding value Nutritive value Moderate nutritional value, often limited by low available soil nitrogen after a wet year. Palatability/acceptability Mitchell grasses are not particularly palatable during the wet season. Livestock preferentially select other accompanying species during the summer growing period. However, the Mitchell grasses retain their leaf during the dry season and are eaten then (there being little other feed). Feeding value varies among the species, with A. elymoides and A. lappacea being more acceptable to livestock in the green state than the other two species. Winter rainfall events sometimes experienced in southern Astrebla grasslands lead to deterioration of nutritive value. Toxicity A fungus (Corallocytostroma spp.) sometimes found on the stems of Mitchell grass in the Kimberley Region of northern Western Australia has caused ‘black soil blindness’. Up to 5% of stock grazing affected Mitchell grass may die. The fungus is a hard rough body about 10– 20 mm diameter and grows on the grass stem at a node or axillary shoot. Production potential Dry matter Yields of 2 t/ha are common in well grazed pastures during good seasons. Under good conditions of moisture and N fertility, A. lappacea can produce over 6 t dry matter/ha in a season. Animal production Highly variable depending on rainfall. Genetics/breeding Astrebla spp. are autogamous, and although hybrids do occur, they are sterile. 2n = 4x = 40 in A. lappacea and A. pectinata. Seed production Flowering and seeding is triggered by a minimum of 50‒75 mm of rainfall in one rainfall event, with seed ripening 5‒6 weeks after that rainfall. Seed dispersal is rapid and usually complete within 7 weeks. Fresh seed is dormant for 8 months after ripening. Natural stands of Astrebla produce abundant seed heads that can be harvested with conventional headers or with brush harvesters. Seed yields have varied from 50 to 100 kg/ha (naked caryopses) for wild stands, and spikelet yields of up to 200 kg/ha in curly Mitchell grass (Astrebla lappacea) have been measured. Seed production can be improved 3-fold by applications of 100‒150 kg/ha N through increasing the number of inflorescences per square metre and the number of spikelets
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cravens Peak Scientific Study Report
    Geography Monograph Series No. 13 Cravens Peak Scientific Study Report The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. Brisbane, 2009 The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. is a non-profit organization that promotes the study of Geography within educational, scientific, professional, commercial and broader general communities. Since its establishment in 1885, the Society has taken the lead in geo- graphical education, exploration and research in Queensland. Published by: The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. 237 Milton Road, Milton QLD 4064, Australia Phone: (07) 3368 2066; Fax: (07) 33671011 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rgsq.org.au ISBN 978 0 949286 16 8 ISSN 1037 7158 © 2009 Desktop Publishing: Kevin Long, Page People Pty Ltd (www.pagepeople.com.au) Printing: Snap Printing Milton (www.milton.snapprinting.com.au) Cover: Pemberton Design (www.pembertondesign.com.au) Cover photo: Cravens Peak. Photographer: Nick Rains 2007 State map and Topographic Map provided by: Richard MacNeill, Spatial Information Coordinator, Bush Heritage Australia (www.bushheritage.org.au) Other Titles in the Geography Monograph Series: No 1. Technology Education and Geography in Australia Higher Education No 2. Geography in Society: a Case for Geography in Australian Society No 3. Cape York Peninsula Scientific Study Report No 4. Musselbrook Reserve Scientific Study Report No 5. A Continent for a Nation; and, Dividing Societies No 6. Herald Cays Scientific Study Report No 7. Braving the Bull of Heaven; and, Societal Benefits from Seasonal Climate Forecasting No 8. Antarctica: a Conducted Tour from Ancient to Modern; and, Undara: the Longest Known Young Lava Flow No 9. White Mountains Scientific Study Report No 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Management Zones of Australia
    Conservation Management Zones of Australia Mitchell Grasslands Prepared by the Department of the Environment Acknowledgements This project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice. Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia. Image Credits Front Cover: Lawn Hill National Park – Peter Lik Page 4: Kowaris (Dasyuroides byrnei) – Leong Lim Page 10: Oriental Pratincole (Glareola maldivarum) – JJ Harrison Page 16: Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh) – World Heritage Listed site – Colin Totterdell Page 18: Mitchell Grasslands
    [Show full text]
  • Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q a Records
    Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants monocots Poaceae Paspalidium rarum C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Aristida latifolia feathertop wiregrass C 3/3 plants monocots Poaceae Aristida lazaridis C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Astrebla pectinata barley mitchell grass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Cenchrus setigerus Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Echinochloa colona awnless barnyard grass Y 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Aristida polyclados C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Cymbopogon ambiguus lemon grass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Digitaria ctenantha C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Enteropogon ramosus C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Enneapogon avenaceus C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eragrostis tenellula delicate lovegrass C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Urochloa praetervisa C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Heteropogon contortus black speargrass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Iseilema membranaceum small flinders grass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Bothriochloa ewartiana desert bluegrass C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Brachyachne convergens common native couch C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Enneapogon lindleyanus C 3/3 plants monocots Poaceae Enneapogon polyphyllus leafy nineawn C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Sporobolus actinocladus katoora grass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Cenchrus pennisetiformis Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Sporobolus australasicus C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Dichanthium sericeum subsp. humilius C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Digitaria divaricatissima var. divaricatissima C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eriachne mucronata forma (Alpha C.E.Hubbard 7882) C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Sehima nervosum C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eulalia aurea silky browntop C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Chloris virgata feathertop rhodes grass Y 1/1 CODES I - Y indicates that the taxon is introduced to Queensland and has naturalised.
    [Show full text]
  • By H.D.V. PRENDERGAST a Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University. January 1
    STRUCTURAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIPS IN AUSTRALIAN c4 GRASSES (POACEAE) • by H.D.V. PRENDERGAST A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University. January 1987. Canberra, Australia. i STATEMENT This thesis describes my own work which included collaboration with Dr N .. E. Stone (Taxonomy Unit, R .. S .. B.S .. ), whose expertise in enzyme assays enabled me to obtain comparative information on enzyme activities reported in Chapters 3, 5 and 7; and with Mr M.. Lazarides (Australian National Herbarium, c .. s .. r .. R .. O .. ), whose as yet unpublished taxonomic views on Eragrostis form the basis of some of the discussion in Chapter 3. ii This thesis describes the results of research work carried out in the Taxonomy Unit, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University during the tenure of an A.N.U. Postgraduate Scholarship. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My time in the Taxonomy Unit has been a happy one: I could not have asked for better supervision for my project or for a more congenial atmosphere in which to work. To Dr. Paul Hattersley, for his help, advice, encouragement and friendship, I owe a lot more than can be said in just a few words: but, Paul, thanks very much! To Mr. Les Watson I owe as much for his own support and guidance, and for many discussions on things often psittacaceous as well as graminaceous! Dr. Nancy Stone was a kind teacher in many days of enzyme assays and Chris Frylink a great help and friend both in and out of the lab •• Further thanks go to Mike Lazarides (Australian National Herbarium, c.s.I.R.O.) for identifying many grass specimens and for unpublished data on infrageneric groups in Eragrostis; Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • ISTA List of Stabilised Plant Names 7Th Edition
    ISTA List of Stabilised Plant Names 7th Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in Richtiarkade 18, CH- 8304 Wallisellen, Switzerland any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2021 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 Valid from: 16.06.2021 ISTA List of Stabilised Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 7th Edition 2 ISTA List of Stabilised Plant Names Table of Contents A .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 B ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 C ...........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Gulf, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Grasses Make New Products – a Review of Current and Past Uses and Assessment of Potential
    Native grasses make new products – a review of current and past uses and assessment of potential JUNE 2015 RIRDC Publication No. 15/056 Native grasses make new products A review of current and past uses and assessment of potential by Ian Chivers, Richard Warrick, Janet Bornman and Chris Evans June 2015 RIRDC Publication No 15/056 RIRDC Project No PRJ-009569 © 2015 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-802-9 ISSN 1440-6845 Native grasses make new products: a review of current and past uses and assessment of potential Publication No. 15/056 Project No. PRJ-009569 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors.
    [Show full text]
  • South West Queensland QLD Page 1 of 89 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region South West Queensland, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Cunninghamia : a Journal of Plant Ecology for Eastern Australia
    Westbrooke et al., Vegetation of Peery Lake area, western NSW 111 The vegetation of Peery Lake area, Paroo-Darling National Park, western New South Wales M. Westbrooke, J. Leversha, M. Gibson, M. O’Keefe, R. Milne, S. Gowans, C. Harding and K. Callister Centre for Environmental Management, University of Ballarat, PO Box 663 Ballarat, Victoria 3353, AUSTRALIA Abstract: The vegetation of Peery Lake area, Paroo-Darling National Park (32°18’–32°40’S, 142°10’–142°25’E) in north western New South Wales was assessed using intensive quadrat sampling and mapped using extensive ground truthing and interpretation of aerial photograph and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images. 378 species of vascular plants were recorded from this survey from 66 families. Species recorded from previous studies but not noted in the present study have been added to give a total of 424 vascular plant species for the Park including 55 (13%) exotic species. Twenty vegetation communities were identified and mapped, the most widespread being Acacia aneura tall shrubland/tall open-shrubland, Eremophila/Dodonaea/Acacia open shrubland and Maireana pyramidata low open shrubland. One hundred and fifty years of pastoral use has impacted on many of these communities. Cunninghamia (2003) 8(1): 111–128 Introduction Elder and Waite held the Momba pastoral lease from early 1870 (Heathcote 1965). In 1889 it was reported that Momba Peery Lake area of Paroo–Darling National Park (32°18’– was overrun by kangaroos (Heathcote 1965). About this time 32°40’S, 142°10’–142°25’E) is located in north western New a party of shooters found opal in the sandstone hills and by South Wales (NSW) 110 km north east of Broken Hill the 1890s White Cliffs township was established (Hardy (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Literaturverzeichnis
    Literaturverzeichnis Abaimov, A.P., 2010: Geographical Distribution and Ackerly, D.D., 2009: Evolution, origin and age of Genetics of Siberian Larch Species. In Osawa, A., line ages in the Californian and Mediterranean flo- Zyryanova, O.A., Matsuura, Y., Kajimoto, T. & ras. Journal of Biogeography 36, 1221–1233. Wein, R.W. (eds.), Permafrost Ecosystems. Sibe- Acocks, J.P.H., 1988: Veld Types of South Africa. 3rd rian Larch Forests. Ecological Studies 209, 41–58. Edition. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, Abbadie, L., Gignoux, J., Le Roux, X. & Lepage, M. 146 pp. (eds.), 2006: Lamto. Structure, Functioning, and Adam, P., 1990: Saltmarsh Ecology. Cambridge Uni- Dynamics of a Savanna Ecosystem. Ecological Stu- versity Press. Cambridge, 461 pp. dies 179, 415 pp. Adam, P., 1994: Australian Rainforests. Oxford Bio- Abbott, R.J. & Brochmann, C., 2003: History and geography Series No. 6 (Oxford University Press), evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric 308 pp. Hultén. Molecular Ecology 12, 299–313. Adam, P., 1994: Saltmarsh and mangrove. In Groves, Abbott, R.J. & Comes, H.P., 2004: Evolution in the R.H. (ed.), Australian Vegetation. 2nd Edition. Arctic: a phylogeographic analysis of the circu- Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp. marctic plant Saxifraga oppositifolia (Purple Saxi- 395–435. frage). New Phytologist 161, 211–224. Adame, M.F., Neil, D., Wright, S.F. & Lovelock, C.E., Abbott, R.J., Chapman, H.M., Crawford, R.M.M. & 2010: Sedimentation within and among mangrove Forbes, D.G., 1995: Molecular diversity and deri- forests along a gradient of geomorphological set- vations of populations of Silene acaulis and Saxi- tings.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of Agriculture
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE INVENTORY No. 121 Washington, D. C. • Issued July 1938 PLANT MATERIAL INTRODUCED BY THE DIVISION OF PLANT EX- PLORATION AND INTRODUCTION, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, OCTOBER 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1934 (Nos. 106561-107747) CONTENTS Page Introductory statement 1 Inventory 3 Index of common and scientific names 51 INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT This inventory, No. 121, records the plant material (Nos. 106561-107747) re- ceived by the Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction during the period from October 1 to December 31, 1934. Much of this material may be credited to the agricultural exploring expeditions that were in the field, all of which were engaged in special projects for the Department. Of the nearly 2,000 lots of seeds collected by Messrs. Westover and Bnlow, a large proportion are from regions in Turkistan and Turkey where the low winter temperatures and scanty rainfall make it appear probable that plants growing under those conditions would be able to withstand the similar climatic conditions in many parts of our Western and Southwestern States. The' plant material collected, which consists largely of grasses, leguminous plants, and local strains of vegetables, will also be useful, in large part, for the replanting of areas denuded by erosion. Similar comments may be made on the results of the Asiatic expedition con- ducted by H. G. MacMillan and J. L. Stephens, as the result of which about 60 lots of seeds and plants of grasses and other forage plants were introduced. Through the courtesy of the Botanical Institute at Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Bureau received 83 lots of seeds, mostly grasses and leguminous perennials and shrubs, and including several species never before introduced (Nos.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Some Grasses V by Tuguo TATEOKA* Received December 18
    Notes on Some Grasses V by Tuguo TATEOKA* ReceivedDecember 18, 1956 8. Systematic position of the genus Astrebla The genus Astrebla comprises four species which are endemic in Australia ; A. squarrosa C. E. Hubbard, A. pectinacea F. Muell., A, lappacea Domin and A. elyri noides F. Muell. Bentham (1881), Hackel (1887), F. Ballard (1930) and Gardner (1952) referred this genus to Chlorideae. But Pilger (1954) placed it under Festuceae- Triodiinae together with the genera Triodia, Plectrachne and Notochloa. According to C. E. Hubbard (1928) Astrebla might be most closely allied to Triodia, especially such species as T. lanigera Domin and T. mitchelii Benth. As the species of Astrebla have been hitherto scarcely examined cytologically or anatomically, these views are wholly based on the characteristics of external morphology. Samples of seeds of A. lappacea Domin and A. pectinacea F. Muell. were kindly supplied by Dr. W. Hartley and Dr. N. T. Burbidge. They were grown in our ex- perimental garden. The author's observations of their chromosomes and leaf structure are reported below. Chromosomes'>-In both A. lappacea and A. pectinacea forty small chromosomes are observed in root tip cells (Fig. 1, E • F). Leaf structure-Short club-shaped bicellular hairs and saddle-shaped siliceous cells are found in the upper and lower epidermis of both A. lappacea and A. pecti- nacea (Fig. 1, C • D). In the upper epidermis of both species, long white hairs are visible to the naked eye whose base has a sheath of epidermal cells. Vascular bundles of the two species are surrounded by inner and outer bundle sheaths.
    [Show full text]